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SATNIP/AIT
4 PitESIDENIS ;;;SE ' AGE.
-2,
DEIS/MIMEO Jamie sth,
AT .AN• Emu WM:SION 'OF 001gGRE9
Fellow Odium of the Small and
House of R42llsll7tegfahf4g
.
Having been .convened on an manor
dinairr Oelesion, as. cutlicriaetf, the
C°444fitiall , !Our atteltron ienottialed
'to any - ordinary , subject of iegialtition.
At the'highitingtif thh PrisOerrt
derifig term, *Cur months ago, , - the lune
tionsof •Fedeitl9ovViOlit ifeia
found to be genessuspended within:
the several States sof-South- Carolina,
Gearkik. Alabama,
anti and.liorida, excepting only those
of the , Peet‘Otatre Departniene
eO,-§thtie,. th e forts, arsenalsdo9k
yard". custom house and the like - , in
-eluding the movable , and stationary
ProPerty in.. and ibcit - 4hem, had :been
seized and were held in open hostility
to.this Government, excepting only forts
Piekens, Taylor and Jaferilon on and
near the Florida coast, and Fort Sumter
in Cldestotatarbere- South Carolina.
The forte thilamAitAthatbeen put in an
improved condition, newtons had been
built, and armed forces had been organ
ized and were- orgspishrt all avowedly
with eome - licetile pttrpose. The forts
remaininginthe possession of the Feder
al Government in and near those Starea
were efthir 'besieged -or Menaced by
warlike preparations, and especially
Fort,lituriter. was nearly _surrounded by
well protected hostile batteries, with
guns equal in quality to the beat of its
own, and outnumbering the latter as
perhaps ten to one. A disproportionate
share of the Federal muskets and rifles
had sonielib* found their way into those
Stake, and had been seised to be used
against the government. Acommula
tions.of. the. Vitale- r*enue Wag within
the had been seized for the same ob
ject. The navy was scattered in distant
seas, leaving but a very small part of it
within the immediate reach of the gov
ernnient. Moore of the Federal army
and navy had resigned in great numbers,
and of those resigning a large propor
tion had taken up arms against the
government. Simultaneously and in
connection with all this; the purpose to
sever the Federal ITnion was openly
avowed. In accordance with this pur
pose an ordinance had been adopted in
each of these States declaring the States
respectively to be separated from the
National Union. A .formula for insti
tuting a combined government of these
States had been promulgated, and this
illegal organization in the character of
theßenfederste States, was already in
voking recognition, aid and intervention
froth foreign powert. Finding this con
dition of things, and believing it to be an
imperative duty on the incoming Exe
stinive to prevent, if possible, the con
summation of such attempts to destroy
the Federal Union, a choice of means to
that end became indispensable. This
choice was made and was declared in
the inaugural address. The policy cho
sen looked - to the et haustiOn of all peacie.'
ful measures before a resort to any
stronger ones. It sought only to hold
the public, places and property not al
reidir wrested from the government and
to collect, the revenue, relying fo? the
rut on •time, discussion and the ballot
box, it promised a continuance of the
mails at government expense to the very
people who - were resisting the govern
ment, and, it gave repeated pledges
against any disturbance to any of the
:people; or any of their' righte, of all that
wiliCh a President might constitutionally
and justifiably' do in such a case. Every
thing:was- foreliorce,-Withotit Which -it
was believed *pile to keep the -goy
im:lineup on. foot. ,
Oh theilifth of March the present in
cunibent's first full dojo qtricle,..ir, letter
of;; Major AndersOn,_ commanding at
Fort Stirtei", Werttpini the:2oSili of Feb
rtilrY, and received at the War DePart
ment,on thelourth March was,by that.
44046#4.44*(riz(iiitilitiiads. Thislet
atei expresaeri Are Vrofessional opinion' of
the Willeftliiikreinforherneits oOultfiCot
be thiOrin info thitt. fort within the , time
for his . relief renderecipecienry by the
supply of pit;vigions and with a
trier of holding possession of the same
with a force of less then 20,000 good
and Welldiseiplined men. This opinion
was ;concurred in by all the pflicers of
hie Comtatlit'd, 'Mid their memoranda on
;the `subject were made enclosures of
Major Anderson's letter. The whole was
biniediatelY i laid before Lieutenant Gen
eral /3oott,- who at once concurred with
liAjor Anderson initipinitm. sOn refleo
-41033, •loweverlibeitocik full time, eon
:11-11libig ,With. other Ofg&rs, both of the
army and: the neyy, and, at the end of
four data; itfitiOtantly but deeided
if in the aaalo.eirriettidon'ai bbfOra.
,fie'
litatod, 41.4 Woe thine,tberevios
bit> 'sufficient force then at theeclntrol
orate goTern l 49A. Or be rased
-PA !DroneAU the gr ound within the
w_bin;tilft, , provilitons itt:ithe Act tl
would,. be , exhausted, '
o- pirelr
ioint of, „lefe,thirerhtlicedlifed`fiff
Vievitahliii*Aftonin 'the. - ease to-the
merei a r . of
_eitting the e garrison
Melt' out Jiro* fort: It watrberteved,
thit to so abandnniliatttad
. undefthe circumstances, would be
utterly ruinous.-that the , •-.• - mitt' " '
under -- WisbX it
'dot hie fully understocid.that,brmany •
I.lt,would - he construed 'ea's part of volick
tory policy ; that, at home it would- die
coinage t h e friends of the Union. em
boldenitiitantwitriesi indigo far=to en , •
sure to the latter a recognition abroad;
that,An•-frief, it would b 0 our - 44titifug
deetkitoticht , could `
k m ** sont:l4.: Sfariqttion *as not, yet
ntAintgreltri t Ft..ihr*OL.:All. would be
reac/44 - ..JferitcPioltirne - xtight be rein
•fprooct. Titisulastfwt#2 ,l 4;:be a far'
ode r of - PollO r 4444oo 4 :Thetter enable
I " •• .10,ateept -the evacuation of.
rtiliitarrneeesaity. •An
;Cithirt, wee - 44 mind - :directed to be sent
I 'Oritlfe litirdbik. - 4rit ths:--itioops from t
i teft i ns hi p Brablidle ifitb' Fort p he eke*.
1 474 Order i ebilla*t 166,17,:r but
must take - timriOn'idl4l `rfate
by sea. -ThifitatWttfrit**tiai# l4l3
order waa4iscsiietl#4loW43l% b efore
t h, tan. of Fort 4 ,1300(0::::Vie news
i....ivriu4ll4l 4 . l oo Bl 4iit*oomtakti
r, t *A& **le
loatialqt-triijoto64ll4oki
8631a4itiailtymistitteorthe
late 3tittrif existence
ft ;1,--.
.of which the present , administration up
• - to the time tt e order was dispatched,
had only two vague and uncertain ru
more to fix attention—had refused to
' land the troops to now reinforce-F,
Pickens before a crisis would be reached
at Fort Sumter—was impossible, render
ed so by the near exhaustion of provis
ion in the latter named fort in preti.-
tion against such a conjuncture,
to
i t
government had, a few 'days trio ,
commenced preparing an expedition, as
well adapted as might be,.torelieve Fort
%inter, which expedition was intended
to be alternately used or not. :ifieeeni
ing to circumstances the strongestantin
ipated case foi using it was prounited,and
it was resolved to send it forWarci. As had'
been intendedin this contingency it was
"also resolved to notify the Governor "of'
South Carolina that ha might expect an
attempt would be inade to pro/wino
:the fort, and that if the.* • " •t Bhquld.
no be resisted 'there ,winilii • PO effort
to throw in ark?: art Or aminunition
without further ntifice, or in cities of an
attack upon the-fort
, -
his : optic* was accordingly given,
-whereupon the fort was attacked and
bombarded to its -fall,- without even
aweiting the arrival of the provision es- ,
peditioe. Itis thus seen that the assault
upon and the reduction of Fort Sumter
was in nosense a matter of self defende
on the part of the assailants. They well
knew that the garrison in the fart could
by no possibility commit 'aggressions
upon them. They knew they were eft
pressly notified that the giving of bread
to the few brave and hungry men of the
'garrison was all which would on that oe
casion be attempted, unless themaelveß,
by resisting so much, should provoke .
more. They knew that this gevern
ment desired to keep the garrison in'the
first; not to assail them, but to merely
maintain visible possession, and thus to
preserve the Union from actual and im
mediate dissolution, trusting, as herein
before stated, to time, discussion, and
the ballot box, for final adjustment, ai:id
they assailed and reduced' the fort for
precisely the reverse objeet: to drive obit
the authority of the Federal Union,
'and thus force it to immediate dial*.
dot. That tbia was their object the
Executive well understood, and having
said to them, in the inaugural address,
" you can heve no conflict without being
yourselves the agressors," he took pains,
not only to keep this dent:snits= good,
but also to keep the case so free ftem
the power of ingenious sophistry as that
the world should not be able to misun
derstand it by the affair at Fort Sumter,
with its surrounding circumstances.—
That point was reached then, and there
by the assailants of the Government be
gun the conflict of arms, without a guii
in light or in expectancy to return their
fire, save only the few in the fort sent
to that harbor years before for their
own protection, and still ready to give
that protection in whatever was lawful.
In this act, discarding allelse, they have
forced upon the country the distinct
issue—immediate dissolution or - blood
—and this wile embraces more than
the fate of these United States. It pre
sents to the whole family of man, the
question whether a constitutional Repub
lic, or democracy—a government of the
people by the same people—can or con•
not maintain its territorial integrity
against its. own domestic foes. It pre
emits the question whether discontented
individuals, too few in numbers to con
trol the Administration according to or
ganic law in any case, can always, upon
the pretences made in this case, or on
any other pretences, or arbitrarialy
Without any pretence, break up their
government, and thus practically put an
end. to free government ,on earth. It
forces us to ask: Is there in, all Repub.. -
lice this inherent and fatal weakness ?
Mut a government of neceriaity., be too
strong for the liberties of its - tithe 'people,
or too weak to. maintain * 8 own e#2 l6 V ,
ence ? SciT.vieiltig the issue, no choitid
was left but to call out the warpower Of
the Government, and so to resist force
employed for its destruction' by force for
its preservation. The — etill was mado s
and the response of the Colint)7 'hag
most gratifying, surpassing in unanimity
airdepirit the most sanguine expeotation,
lilt none of the States commonly called
Slave States, except Delaware, 'gave*
regiment through regular State or
nation. A few regiments have bea.it
Organised within some others of, these
States by individual enterprise and re
ceived into the Government service-7.-
Of Course, the seceded States, so calleit
to which Texas has been joitted'abbid
the time of the inauguratiou, gave no
troogs in the cause of the Union. Tee
Portier States, vvere•net unform in their'
action, some of them being alniUst riii.
the Puion, while in others, as Virgin*
North Carolina,Tennesseeand Aritanso,"
the pion sentiment was nearly repressed
and silenced. The course taken .Wh m_ yir_
ginia was the most•rernarltabte, per h ap s
tile i most important. A. , concentioth
elected by the people of that r'gititti: io
consider 'this very . question of disruit.
ing the Federal Union, 'Was in session at
the capital of Virg_inia wken Fort Sun‘
fez' tell. To this body the -people bad
clicsajm a large majority at pre**
,Union men. Almost. imediately after
the fall of Fort Sunder many membecs
of that majority Went over to the iarigi
naldisunion minority,• and with' drilla
.rititipted an ordinance for withdriollig
Oka SAO from' the. 'Union. Whether
thii phanse was wrought by their great
approval Of the wieffulttlice Bnnater, or,
the great resentment at the - 'envernt -
I*sl4's mistanooto that astaultli not yet .
deft,
~ itel*tuEniri. -Allhougletheysubmit,
Vil the ordinance-for istification to a
'Vote of the people, to be taken on '
day' then somewhat more than _; a month'
(11Buolt,„ gip couvention and the Lesko ,
km* which was also in session at the,
.same time and place with leading- 346311.
ref the State; itotinembers of - either, land
mediately- commenced acting as if the
State were already out of the Union.--- .
MO pushed military preparations v,. - 1
orouslrforwlnd all over , the Statek i v,
U.seized the S. Armory at fl a
Ferry and the Navy Yard at Ellostiort,
near Norfolk. They received, perhaps
invited, into their State large bodies of
troops, with their warlikenppointments,
from the so called „welded 4 43tetwi..—F
They formally, entered* into a -treaty of
temporary alliance and co-operation
with the tie called Confederated States,'
aed. sent members to their Congress at"
Nontgornery, and #nally they pei , ndtteci
insurrectionary
the mop:anent to be
transferred to their cepitalatßichmand.
Pm people of Virginia have thus al-,
I lovred this giant insurrection to =halts'
lifet wi1104.1j,g0=1. , . : • ' - '.- e , -..-
.arthnent - hati - rid: cli -6 10,4 0, ana1.
.With itivhere it' finds- and Et pm u , m
less regret as the loyal. citizens have in
*G0....Jy1.Y 6.
PITTSBURGII, SATURDA MORNING, JULY 6, !86J.
due, form claimed ithprotection., Those
loyal citizens this government is hound
to•reoogniie and protect asbeingVirginia.
fitt in the Border *stew 'se called—in'
feet • the middle states—there are
those whd favor a i cy which they call
alined nettiridity,_ at is an arming' of
those Eitetes,to pr t the - Union forces
.paMing one way o r t. disunion the other,
over 'their soll--4hile would be disunion
coinpleted. Figur' vely _speaking, it
You'd be the build - of an impassable
zireldne the line 6 separation, and yet
Si g
quite - animpassiOle one, for, under
th guise of neutrality, it would tie the
ds of the Union. • end freelY pass
plies from scionear to the insurree
tionists, whichiit,con not do,as an -open
enemy. At a stroke - 1 -would take all the
trduble off.thri'bit ' f Beinesaion' except
only whet ;pr from • the .external
blockage. It wo uld do fcr the disunion
ists that - whictil.of tillAngi they most de.
NW; • feed them : walk d give them din:
elikirt...Jfi lhout l _a eV,. ,of their own. It
co
•
re , -,-•,-,- to lidelitr i id the Constitution,
npionfigation kr quilut4itetheilinion, and
While very "many, telloave fevered it are
do la loyal, ft li'udtertheless very iziju
ric4s inielfecti Smirking to the action of
the government,,,, it' tre stated that.et
first a call was Made- or 76,000 militia,
ul
-and rapider "- following following hid a proolamstion
was leaned for closing,; he ports of the in ,
surrectionary districhk by proceeding in
the nature of a 'blockade. ' So far all was
believed 0 1 44 1 Y leffeL - -.4.
At" •
this poise the insurrectionists, an,
noanced their purpose'' 100 enter upon the
practice Of privateerfut, - Other calla were
made for volun jeers tq- serve three years
unless *honer : discharged: end also for large
addition's-Ur the regular; army and navy. -
These measurer, whatig a iitrletly legal or
mit, Were Verittirned u under What ap
peared to be a popular demand, and a pub
lic' necessity, trusting then, as now, that
Otorgresis would readily ratify them. It
is believed that nothing Las been done be
yond the constitutional competency of
Congress. ' Been after the first call for
militia it wets , considered a duty to author
tee the gommanding Genera', in proper
oases, according to his discretion, to sus..
pend the'prtvirage of the Writ of hateites
corpus, or in other words to arrest and de-1
Min without resort to the ordinary pro- ]
mum and forms of law,". such individuals '
as be might deem dangerous , . to the public
moiety. This euthority hes psuposely been
exercised tut very sparingly. Ne'vertite.
NO the legality and propriety of what has=
Deem done under it arc questioned, and the
attention of the country his been called to
the, proposition that one who is sworn to
take care that the laws he
. feithfully ere
owed, Should not himself' violate them
Of course some oonsideration was given to
the questions of power and propriety be•
fore this matter was acted upon. The
whole•of the laws which were required to
be Wailfully executed, were , being resisted,
and failing of execution in nearly one
third of the States. Must they be allowed
to finally fail of execution, even had it
been perfectly clesir..that by the use of the
means necessary to their execution, some
single law made in such extreme tender.
runs of the citizen's liberty thet practically
it relieves more of the guilty than of the
innocent., should to a very limited extent
be violated. To state the,,, question more
directly: Are all the law' but one to go un
executed and the Governunmt itself go to
pieces lest that one be - violate:lT — ran id'
such a case would not the official oath be
broken it the government should de ever
thrown, when it was believed that disre
garding the single law would tend to pre
serve it. But It was not believed that this
question wait preset tied —1 t was not believ
ed that any law was violated. The provi
sion of the Constitution, that the privilege
of the writ of habeas corpus shalt not be
suspended unless when iwases of rebellion
or invasion,the public safety may require
it, Is equivaent to a provision that such '
privilege may be suspended when in cases
of rebellion or in velion, the public safety
does require it,. It was decided that we
have a case of rebellion, and that the pub.
lie safety does require the qualified•intspen
sion of the privilege of the writ which
was authorized - to be made; Now it is in.
aisted that Congress, and not the Exeou
five, is vested with this power. But the
Constitution itself, is silent as to which. or
who is to exercise 'the power; and, as the
provision was plainlYMade for a denger
ons emergency; 'it cannot be believed the
framers of Vie instrument intended that in •
,every case the danger should ron 48 coup,
until Congress could be ea led together
the very assembling , 4:if which might ' bet
prevented, as was iptended in this easef,. by
- the rebellion. No more extended argue
ment is now offered, as an opioeion et
some length will 'probably be'preseeted, by
the , Attorney 'Gel:Mite-1. Whether' there
Still be any legislation upon the subject,'
and If
_any what, bieubmitted le:entirely to
the 'better judgement, of Congress. The
forbearanceof this Government had been
eo,eitradrdifutry end so iiirietrintinued 'all
to leiad some foreign nations to shape their
_action ak if they, supposed- the early nes.
iltrimithm of our Nattpeal Mitten waeproe
bible. ' While this, on discover r y, gave the.
- Elkeeutive some concern, he is now happy
. toasty that the eovereigar and rights of
the UnitedN3ttiffelf are 'tie* ' 'every white
precticallz.xespeoted. by foreign powers,
an d a' general sympathy, with the ceuntry
esniolifeeted , threeghout ' the' cirl& 'Ti e
torts Of •141)letiretar! of :the Treasury,
at and the Navy, .will give the iflferp4 r ,
- -tition iii'detill deemed necessary and con
*inientifer, ..yettr,fielitieration-and action,
while the Executive, and all the llepert-
Inents, will
i stand ready .10 supply ominia.
irons, or t6.ioiiihOtth2iatti new facts con:
aidereititipdrtiiiit fet!'yoif to know. It is.
now recomuleinded %het. you giiii•-the legal'
mew afotlasking this contest a shbrt end.
Awns ve,outiAhat you place at the control
Of' t ertiftiininent for the work , at law
1
,four L olictie l l'firletesend
,nien and 'four . hip ? .
tired. snillionstitudollers. Viet number of
men is stmutnneelninth of those of proper
ages within the , rtgiens where apparently
all arewwil i ng
,tnen i gtige, Atli ow ,4106 Ali
j est t h an a twertty r third part of theujoney
value owned •by thei - neri Who'seeiii ready
teeetrote theilviltile. A debt of six hum.,
dred millions-of , dollars now is a less sum'
per heigd tilittngeitthe debt of our revoluoi
tIOIX. !Men w,0,;4 33 " Clikk 9f-- t4ft. Allrliggla c
andthe monet'value in Pieic9litßiTil .41ow
heassleVerri' greater prepertfoh to What it,
,q th en ihrli-d&O the population. Burelf ,
each member iistiong a motive now to'
preserve our, - libettleaia each haiLthery to
establish *tent,
..
it. right p:mitdt, at this time will be worth
more to thelttorikthith ten times theme
and ten thnOa thPo ° Y- The eYitienr.
Jeaehing •hir- 1 from the cmtntiy leaves ( O,
doubt thitthe ttnaterial 'for the Ade& to
a b un d an to t od that it steeds onlyttheoliaid
of:legislattgjMer .42, 1 egaLeanctiffhotrid.
Ake hand f lpfr PPP to Sitfe•it. Re'
tical and tifnelehq. Cln.j';• o f the
greatest fterillaillhe of the oisiiriattrektt
30 avoid receiving troops tatharthan''prts.'
laded for them. in a werd4theteople:Will
save they.. e„. yerMeehhittf,Ale Cfaviariatitent
It se lf li r - I ; • Art jptig ar
,
Bee t-ht . i4 . .tought, to
be of littl e dair slieittev-th - e-pt4.BenT,
inc4ennnit at the Smith , be Calle& sedeiliati
of rebellion, the movers, however ; - well
understood the difference at beginning; :
they knew they could never raise their
treason to any respectable, magnitUde by
any name which implieti a violatiop of
law. They knew their people
,possessed
as much' moral sense, as much or datOin,
to law and order, and se much pride in and,
reverence for the history tiedsovertleiei.t,
of their common'' country as to o,tmlr
civilized and patriotic people. They knew.
they could make no advancement direct;i
in the teeth of those strong and noble seal.'
manta. Acbordingly they commenced tiy'
an Insidious deb.suching of the public
mind. They invited an ingenious dopiiistri,,
which, if conceded, was - followed by per.
fectly logical steps through ail she inci
dents to the complete destrtiction of the -
Union. The sophism itself is that any
State of the Union may, consistently w ith.
the Natiohal Constitution, and there fore ,
lawfully and peacefully withcirsti from the .
Union; without the consent atilt) Union,
or Of any other State. The little disguise,
that the supposed right is to be eArcised
only for a just cause, because they them.
selves are to be sole judges of its justice, is
too thin to merit any notice. With re
bellion thus sugar-coated, they have been
drugging the public mind of their section„
formore than' thirty years, and until at'
length they have brought many good men .
to a willingness to take up arms against the
Government the day sifter sortie assemblage
of men have enacted the farcical p retence
of taking their State out of the 'Union,
_who could have been breught to no Such
thing the day before. Thil isophisin de
styes much, perhaps the Wh,olts, of its cur
renby from the assumption `that
_there le,
some omnipotent and sacred SitPretiasiy
pertaining to a State—to each Still 'or bur
.
oral Union. Our States 'havernelther
more nor less power than that reserved to
ahem lir the Union by the Constittitionno'
one of them ever having been a Statei , ,o,*
of the Union. The original oneepitiod'
into the Union even before they . cait off
their British Colonial dependence, and the
new ones each came into the Union direett
ly from a condition of independence, 'nit-
Asept Texas, and even Texas,
id Lit tem
porary independence, was nev er desigifated
a State. The new ones only took gin'
designation of Statea on 'coming-into UV
Union, while that name was first adopted
for the old ones in, and - by the '42kilOniesi
`were declared to be free and independent'
/ States. But even then the object plainly i
1 was` not to declare their independence of
onelenother, or :of the Union; Wadi:only
the Contrary, as their mutual pledge and
their mutual action before, at the timeancl
'afterwards has abundantly shown. the
~express plighting of faith by each and all
of the original thirteen. In the Articles
'of Confederation, two years later, thatothe
Upton shall be perpetual, is most concha,
live, having never been States, either in
substance or in name, outside of the
Union; whence this magical omnipotence /
of State rights, asserting et claim of power
to lawfully destroy the Union itself ?
Mach is said about the sovereignty of the
States, but the word even is not in the
National Constitution, nor, as is believed,
in any of the State constitutions, What
is a sovereignty.in the political sense of.
the term ? Would it be far wrong to de
fine it a political community without a
political superior! Tasted by this, no cilia
of our Suites, except Texas, ever watt a
sovereignty, =Leven Texas gave tip the
'character on coating into the Union, .b y.
which which sot she...aeltentriedesid-AlejlltA
tution of the United States, e•
laws and treaties of the United. States
made in pursuance of the &Institution,
to be for her the supreme law of the land.
The States have their status in the Union, -
and they have no other legal stratus/ If
:they break from this, they can onlyech .
against law, by revolution. The Union
and not themselves, separated, procured,
their indepenence, and ther liberty by con.
quest or purchase. The . Union gave each
of them whatever independeßeiwiliperty
it had Tue Union is older than any of
the States, and in fact it created them as
States. Originally some dependent' 0018 0
niea made the Union, and in turn *the .
Union threw off their old dependennela
them, and made them States; such as they !
are. Not one of them ; ever had a State
constitution independent of the Union- Of •
course it is not forgotten that all / the new
,States framed .:their constitutions, before
they entered the Union; nevertheless, des
'pendent upon and. preparatory tO e9seiell/
Unquestionably Into the Union. nquesticeinblythelStates
have the power and rights referved/A9Alleal
la and by the national ucuustitation.- But
4112011$ these surely are not included. ell,
.conceivable powers however mischievous or /
destructive; but at most such only . as are
known in the world at the time elk 4?sn,ri
Mental powers, and certainly' i power,
destroy the GovernMent 'itself had ` - .never
known as governmental merely atio7dliii r,
trtitive power. This relative mettettifyq,,,
titled power and State ifyikttill: ii(prifloV
pal, is tin other than the prli r Ple ' Rt g a F l / 4 07:1
ality• and locality . ' . Whitey - diatteis'the
whole should be confided to the Whole AO '
the general -government, ' , while 'whatever"
concerns only the:Stalkshould be left &ilia'
sively to the State. This is all theta:is 'tsf
`original principle about it, ' 'Whether
the: National Constitution,:: in: defining
boucles.* between the two has/ applied/the
principle with exact accuracy is /not :to bat
questioned. We are bound by thatudefloo
big withoutquestion„ • What is.now corn
hatted is, the position that.Seoession is con.
aisteitt with the Constitution 3s lawfuland
peascieful. It is not contended thatbthere
is/ any I express law , /for • it, ,and - nothing
should ever be implied aalew/which leads
In unjust or absurd sionsequenees: The'
,Natto,n„purchased with. oney the coun
tries oat of which several of these.-States
;were formed. Is itjust that they shall go
off without leave and without reftindingits
The nation paid verylarga sums in-the-40i
gregate,„ 1 believe of a hundred million3cr
'relieve Florida of the aborigine tribes. Is'
it just that she should nowi go off.gwithetst
flenee r ti i , er without makingwny returru.i./
pa on is now in .debt. for moneysp
lied to the benefit of these 410 'cant& sews
'ltd States in common. with, thereat,- Is If; ,
'list, either,Ahat oreditorashallgennpaid,t
f
105 the remaining States pay the whole.- 6a
Pert of the _resent National debt:swoon.
tracted to.,pay the old debts of Team , Is.
just; that atm abed leave,/andlsay- no part
Or this herself? .Agaisto if one- State -may
'secede, 29 1 may another, endow/hen-Wahl'
hive Seceded none is left to.pay the-debts.
IS this quite just Wred . ..Jtorgl, )iVIA.:IRS Ach.
tify them of this sage view os' ours when
nle borrowed their money? 'lf 'WE'lt .0
twogyee this doctrinis t by allektiklat#,
seceders to go in s*lt is diflralatTefee'
What we can do i fsoW - retie* teli_it,. 4.
:extort terms upon illiteliikerWilitireninie
to remain. The Wittimil *die Ihiscoik;
. Constitution admits - 6?" -- "fq)a. *lra. fiet
hive assumed to initioni ,nationir doilillla
tution of their osarn,lii - Wrlgiefisiehys:
hey have either: diacilded ' i ietiiitelith.
Ask of atteeesiolf, rie tlfey,iiiiiiii 4 oili r _hr,.. l l,r
pore, It they have diScarded - itS,'LenT
thetiby-edmit that' on Prificirie: it . °tit
not to• be In ours — Ifthey have rilitfilk, :f.
Stheir own construction, of 'ori s, they,
ow that to be consistent ? ilia c - 104 'Se
cede from one another Wilheiil'h a rt_hell."
44. -it 4 the easiest" -44 'Or 'se, f, su,..ii:
i deistuor effecting lay othdritelnee 9 4tglif s
i'objeot. The principle itielf 111 alit,' amt.
integration and Upon which no govern.
meat can stand. 'lran the States save one
shOuldigrart the 'power. to, difve that one
opt of '" 43 'Union. It is presunied the
`whole class of , seceder politicians would at
once the kinier'and -denounce the cot
- tit ' iteat' ntrg l it St t ' reit
,iss i asps o . a 0 pinn a ,it! r .--
littairpp6seibat precisely the satins act,
instead of Being ostred ; dritting theorie out,
alibuittlie `allied tiiiiqineedirig.ortlie - otters
crettrthlit Ofi r e;it would be exactly what the
seceders claimio 46, unless,' inthiedP
_they
'make . the floint that the'dne; 'beoitsalt is
a tninority, may rightfully do *hat the
other4 - becaoselhey are :a maferity, may
not rightitilty do. "These' politicians are
subtle and pt4found , Orilhe rights of the
miceritkas, 7 theyiere lief:Para:it to that
patver'whieh , rdade - the coriatittitiort and'
gbecks, from the preeintle calling itself:
"We, the people." It may well be , ques . -
tiorted whether there is to.dtty a nrefority
of the legally qualified 'voters of any State,
exdept, perhaps, gouth Catalpa; -Ili favor
i lCif idisunioo. There is reason to believe
ttint the ITCOn men '• are the majority in'
iiiany, , lf not in every-other one of the so
called seceded StateS, the cifatrarY his not
been'derebrietrited in any one i - .4' them It
la, venttired" bi iffirixi this even of .Virginia
and Tennessee, for the result-of an election
lielii•in - military'eSMllS, W heireille bayonets ,
Arden °iron& Si e of the question, voted
tipon,can 11,Farcely 4 -be'ciresidered as demon
strittingpopuhtt sentiment at suehsan'elec."
lion. - All that lii fieliEia*ho ere at ' once'
*
for Union ;' an . against COeroioll, Ikiald
lie coerced' o ' itt against', the' ItniOn.ri It
"may be affirmed, *about 'ettritvaganCe
..asy be antrareu, . _ wa. 6ra yag mu -4
that the free hiStittitione wetirjoy haVediv
‘velilieff thevOwers and im'pro'ved tiiiixiiiinl:
401W:if id, ciiii , : Wadi lie° phibeynndany exo
*O4 in the: rid. Of Mit we now have
elittlkhig isinFlitittraiiiiiistfiliiiittittibm 7 I SO
large an army - -iiie the Government 'liftm
en foot was never before known without
•it soldier .in IV but who - had taken hil place
:there at hit own free choice. But mote
lilio this: there are many single regiments .
!howl mebsbers 'One and' another, possess, full prketical k n owledge of all' the arts, soi
-1 eribes; - prohisifions,tiwid • whatever else,
`Whether - metal or elegant, is-known in 'the
`world;' and '' thpre is scarcely one froth
. itheh - • there- could not be selected' &
L i rrepident, a - Cabinet, or a ' Congress;
and perhaps, a Court, abundantly`
'competent,, to, administer: the Govern
-vie ft itself,' - ii&i : do -f Bar - this ii hot true
also 114,44-army pl. our i latwfriends,,nown
-adversaries - in this contest, but if it is, t ip
Liana 'fidtii the reason why the' Govern
-zatuiti which'' has conferred such benefits
ion' both: them and 011, should not be brio-
kw* up. , Whoever,
~in any section, pro.
poses to abandon such a Goiernment,
would •do welFtriconSider in deference to
whit principle it is that he does it, what•
better he is likely to get in its stead;
whether the. aubutitute k ;Will , give,' or be
intended to give, so much of good to the
'people. There are some foreahadowings
on this-subject. Our adversaries have adop
tad some declarations of Independence, in
which, unlike the good old one penned by
Jefferson they omit the words "all men
are crea ted equal." Why? They have
adopted a temporary national constitution
in the preamble of which, unlike our good
old onef agile& bY , Washingikin, they omit
"we thepecksle," and substitute, "we the
deputies id the sovereign and independent
thetas." r, ' Why? , why this deliberate -pea
.aing 'out of .view therighttnA teen and the
authoriti of the people? This is essentially
At plea contest on.the' sides of the Union .
"it ar,i.lit a fiktfa' r foratieflititintigelklite . •
world that form and substance of g f ayerp-.
merit *hake lending object is to iilevaikthei •
condition pt imnr;,to lift artliiiiialiweights•
from all shoulders, to clear o„the. paths, of.
laudable' &Ault VA' elf, to afford all an
: unfettered .start, and ,a fair chance in the
race of life, yjnyling . ,,F, On partial . and to Jl
temporary departure from necessity. This
is the leading . object of the goiternment,
for whose ; tence.tiwik 0144'.441,--..11 :am
most happy to , ' lrissit Abe plain ,penpla
l e
uudeistand el iip etlatti his: rt is Worthy
'of note thattr , Whi ififethiii; iliirlUyern'i
metit's,3lwar .1 of.. trial, Jute e' .mitt heifi' tit
theta lki 0 8 alrYonstuavyalio have been :
fiVot , wi i thAe 9114cet hp/greened end! ~
li , picv - Wad fie the1f,04,w,M#91,44 0 13 1,7,
'pared ''''tlinn,"aliit L 'eA' wtytouton Biiam
commonisaileir -is iiii6'kvh io'tiliVil diiitirtick
4 his deg t Great -,hanog tiPutielfh vtk•se "ifilA .
ceil Who remained true despite thiveza . •
pie cif their.
i treacherous,irio ismAtl the btetiVlona'aditincit Impoitmit
fact , f allislthelvianitifOtinstirinitais af the
acuuMwsoldiura.MM common tiailOrafriVci •
the link , . ; so,„fit i riis ictiownitbeds bane
s''' ' , '. ife ( 'tlpffifcßht itt
i titi
,guw w. . : in an ; o ut s tui urpbefore,
they' , .- • ea l lilt Wil Use' This .If., he;
..,,, . rointimiettlorol iiiilifiApSiWilbf '
.. er g .. . , civet one aniastguinitit ~-.oiiii iithv
„ . „fr .3tigyr„, W u i VittiaMillgeikeatiitiitth 1,16
,imule by Washingtob means pirptct_
'14•14. , eliicir po , pular Government . .qpism
blobliM'anfixttietthede." Tifo poilijilii
jC s o paoy&Siliavaiditklisfy sitillaniiiiistilo
0141 tikestahigthlnglindlfthcitostnisfdl lia
inlita.l..Pguicottikol qiutstili esciaudi
10 11341 4 k i mi k i lOPYAN,AgitiAlk. 49041)w
1' . n 'q i ir ri Ttat to '
it" it sPfOlO t exsa ,v;..nsi a‘. ifin i
4oild-cgatithode 166 cskilifit an
- eleatfpkwurwlau suppressii iitiolillkinith
- balletit-nk.' - • Ilight.4o auil peacchiltalus.
" ce 'llig °'t. ' Jiff ' ..'. t 41. 1 410/9t4i
have ly It. , gone 0 v . a.. ...
'thereacin iiinicr i lii" .- i l it It s tb!,l
bff:'butte thhi4chail' .' itt.gesiffi .- . '.
l aPPW‘ixtePiAaitini ba/ibte useeuerialliti
succeeding elections. SuckwillibiLit great
.
lesson Parimhttraktn4lElviuttibt Whit
41113 71 ~ 'l ll ,?Eit., 44 tztr i ßAllaf
i , eattilt taktrit tor 14 , wg. BIU Vie,
tont ofulx4tEwbekfilitiziki i 3 ''l46lii
therebftisopte unsitainowiwthcP4fillids-Dbr
candii.
1" 1 1 4IfitlitAtbill413044 - the.aa ,;
tivth l'''Altrarßcl i EbistoOtbqk
. 50 . rt.i3
~ bligita)..
tat 143
altrilkesl4 %JOIN all 4 'it Koki . .,
vivo itiWiltehe ilibrutto6l4 ) ffulligitvetri, •
Whet eltitystbs iniAttuileiniidl g the
' Wok , Off,,t4t-Ate, pliQhitkyi will htiventicl
dig " ti tS s A 4 'l_,, ' ' • 441Wiltaltekrkilind
ist
flu** wet e` , yernmoeut f mlOr
..
,to elk %I' th .? in theyeogp
nutlet the Ociatltti n TtbYl7l 4 /614484/ - lb
. Alte4a akataktadthefalii -,1401144m Wog -
lielt*e -
a _ fl i fti q 11, 2 Paiml4aMalme&
itt)
t 3
- hrth lu * 0 ~. . ; ,„,, l ii L i, 3 ,l l .
, i, ' caitiff& ywheirelltyAt.?lle ri t
del mihig attbeeigOilithilia*Witnit 41
o4 tuten
Gov t.,hasexib right;-tinieSithhOldE - bri
negleatA ? Aimpttspgregititeirthatatugin.o
fa it WeLe..r:MitlrßuP l .lX - 9 0 i n atettti .
* stiblliiwat, au t t il just. sense of
hos? terms. The ()oust fa - provides ?
''tlholik tbg i fttto.teit boo accepted a 4 , fecivi , i ,
go- .m the goali m posi ntir ,
j.
. kix , taste - this _ D i e i r .
t 441141ment4htettit..41 s444insii ~
i. : ~ 1 x i " Itaf e lleipiatritto
xo.L.,ma alit d e pu can o m
-121 . 4 4 #6 .. .,Vernment, so that to psi* . int4eis gbh*
41i hi . 1 indispensable end of
1 ,--
" '' ni th,e• an "';'.%tr-r?
- i n e d Isla 'IM6; U. - the:
ore' -Mg witesitaiitlesciihw dtt;viet
03 4 fibi gatory. It was with the deepest
r that the Executive. ig444,the okay
.01,,,...k10ying the war powe IR,,' ;' ou P
*. 1 , YektilitlifiCarctictieiti ; ..ff. , '' ti e ,, .
-,.... 11 . ''i 4 4 0.9 Pa, 0* ' •;',•: (iin aniricaitiev
;,.. :-. .- ce o f UM government. No coinf,
vork - by public servants could in thif
atiie a aan, Not that compromises are
~
' ~r -?
. 1 V 2 ..if_t--'•
_:-,. , •- ", C- . ' '''' . 4i44,
7. s.'!l= -- t.ti • PIA '.ffAirlvr-Ag*.-. ' r :":`.4
-..i . i." _.' . 4 ' S y s
A•
... ,. ...,!,,A ,
riot ofteti l proper,lmitiiiit'kto -;1'- , ~.W.7.,
ernmentfaan lbteesurflikiiv ..1111 . -;-1'...t
detit, that these wkq.cottriiii-ii - ildt‘nlAiitlete- - -, "•'7,*
only save tilogoveratnen.t. frgioNgw,.. c-,.4. ,-.---
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