. • t 'r'ti .
e''
_i,.,`
NSW
. t 'RESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
t' RESIDEN T'S
i ..
, , citizens of the Senate and House of
:. , .
~.„, - • -ea.-0m deep and heartfelt grati
that
ur r i tt i w ua suc h varied and numerous
• .. . bout the past year, the general
....t..:, .`„, • • 1. 4 ^ . ~ "o f the , ttrp„..hat.,itseireasxcellent, our
. ...,„i .. N.. -• t'" ", •: :••• t . :•. ,•• .• ' ,•, . • tiditinillY 'Plentiful, and 1
, , - .,
` - . .'"2... :. . - ,,,t....•• 7. ; • ; 4 ,- . „ r attelPtitA:t.4.4 14 1 14,• 7 4- i
niagisfiterits,lwhi tie%
-. •
•.: • ':a .1! to believe, from the ss o eist events
•.• ••• t'l . . -• • ••• ' •' -
vq
',. " •" ' . • I .' • ' ."a . • 10.,(-0..e41. 4
' ' e
ape
,'-i,``''`
-; ; .... " . . • •
•• "' • • •-• • Owl or Divise Provi nee. Ever
.. ..... is .l` '' " ~ .1 : . r 1 ' •••• - 7 •
. ' "...L ..• -.,-....- "''. '• .. .• .., - . 4 ' • 1 . • 7 :41iVitiliirli ration ' Werhavabeen ex
' ':''.. :' ..'' , ..; ' 7 . -;.• .' '.' , 4. iditipthiedealig atelfhußninglEffl
.7; 1 .1 ‘ ,:•,-, , ..•,'
~ . : -' t
.; ... -'• - - ' • • si o p but on each successive
,si the fillithllitestieenidissiPa
:4!''•-• •1 . 4 :- 5 ..
.. 4 ,, ..„ ..• . . •. ••• wi
• oa ratt it; spol reaulyg burst
I.and the din -to'insti
t, ~.., „J ••• t 4 '. 1. •', t . ,... • . •
.' 7 , , • allies pissed witaty.' , Ifity• we ever be
I; 7 . - ' `.". -: .• ' .` • ' -.' '. - • ' the'PtVinettalthilUCW-ind protection:. i
trite„,„
...‘,,....
:: . , . , .
,4 . Askitik Oil - 0W 0 1 Or Pralll46l4'frcln
-,....: l'" -: -' . ' i , - • ecotime ta, erre Oceress -informateon, of
4; 1 -- ~ ; „ •, f
....4.1..- ~,, `.-...
,i ~ ~ „ i . * .• of the Union, I s hall not refer indetail
.. „ isohment sad ' - and bloody .eceurrerfee at
• as ...•-••• a ,"1..:.. 4. 4
~- . ' . , .
.',.....i. f ii e
~,,,,. ,
~,.... , ,
.. . p era. Rterrr, Still itle,proper 1p obsierve
r ~,,, ,•• :. r5 r , , ..,. ..,, ~ . . I . • . dim wren* howeverGsbsd • and crueLin
4 ,c, 4 c, •''.., , , • .... • . • • • ', . 'e lr/ 11 1.4h'e th ehthiettmportane e from '
•'. .';-,•••:', • • . -.. .7 - , - ••• 1 ' , • Ipteltainfeh that they are' but pymptoma of i
ncurable disease in , he public mind, which
,1 1 '..• ' ' •r.•' ' - • • •
1 • .:"',••• • ~ 4 . • breath out-In 'stilt more dangerous ont- '1
4, r... . •• • •• - •'- - t• Illahlitellabludeat 1011. in• an open war by 1
.. ' .„1..! •. , • . , -, - • ••• „, !tar& tosabolisits slavery in theSetah.
.•1 44 4' -- v 4 " ".`t„ r',- ` , „ • , • t ' , • 1 .',. ';.•''' sills' • flormyselfi entertain no such appre•
4-4 sri ft -. t# 4 l_,'"' 1- 4 •:• , '" : c t.'. t;tos • they ought to afoul &solemn warning
.. top•seii!isi.e2l.,:"•",." 4 . : - .'• ••• •'- '. 7elltto•beeram of the approaohiog danger.
4 11% 11- 7';.7,,.k . ',, r 4 , 4 ,-, ', •, . •-• . 1. union is li - lathe of such inestimable
sti,4r#,,,, .P.... 7 4..„••••• 4 •:...•:, ' - . ,-_-,.-: • • ,` sato dement OW constant and watchtuE,
22%.a1t5, 7 '.. ,''p•,"••,71'.,• • ••! ..4 , ~' ' •', `,-- •
.- , . -.ince for its preservation. ,
r vi. l :tf* ••;t\ •• t a., 4- • .#-'.• • •,...- ‘, • .4 „ • . ' . .. th ltrhawlet-nietmpleremy eountrymeN
•-_. l . ~,r i 4 .7...,-_q . ,::i .., ' e .• ~• ~ .• .. - ~ a and &nth, to cultivate the ancient fee I-.
o '"L'e r.., '7 4 .4 .- 4 , 4 , ' • 4 ,. 1 t , ' , ~ ...4 natural forbearance and good will to
-7.• ~,
,4 ..,...„, r.,.. , •., •... • r ........ .• , asth other, and' to allay the de
'f'..sull;rl."7•••••''t'i.l4. '' `, ; '.• e l / ' ""., !.. Or - et m oral hatre.d and strife now
•• • s•• • •;.- 1- e.-,„" cC• •. ' 4 .- s ... •..• .• in the land. This - advice proceeds
..s . ...- ''',/ ..t, •,... 1' . .‘ 3 , . th h -
cije4, ... „. ;. ~,, ... •. 1 , -. . •, , 8 WI of an old public function.
~r:.,6 „f .._ .. • t.` ft?' • ~; ",5,.r.",,,, , t •_ _ 4 .' .„„.bane -servioe conimen-.. in We lest gen:.
, • L ,•.. .' ft t:..,,'.. t :... , 1 ;:i :•,..: .. 41 .-" 1 :7 7 ‘ .. ,,1, among the wise and ciposervative
~,.1 ' ,,,, -.''..-
,:.
~,,,.;., ...,',,,,,,„.:„. :,,, s ~! .., bet of that day, now nearly ell passed
•:„...0.1..• • -,,, .1 0.- .t„ • , . . . • tand whose hist and dearest earthly
~,,,.".„;- -',.
, e,f... g
,-; j ' ~.
..
..' :. . 4 '•
' • % • ! , ' to leave his circuitry tranquil, pea
• !.•.t', • ..•,,
.' 67
,r : ••• . ..,.-,- . uni ted and powerful.
1 .1' 4 . •'. i• •''';', 7 ' '. • '- '4' ' .tie indent that in this
•age, and es.
•.-; .. •,,, -;,..„,:, ~ ...i :•-- ..• . . . 4lbis extritry, thereis an incessant
`F 4 '' '7,,,- , •. • . 1 ., ".. . fer of - publics opieion. Question,
..., z , ~, •,,,„ . ....
~ -, •...- . • .•• 's „titatir,day mstintad a most threatening
rts, „ ..
_, ~: „ • „ ; •• , .. ,
.• smarmy newiygone from themes-tor
y. •
,: •. i • • • -••• • '
„.. • . .
f. ~,, , .‘,.•„,,,,„ 4 ,.• ~ ,
~ ,
~. / .. They.are volcanossetlumt out, an
:?..;,,, • ti , .... i •„,, ~. ~ r • -..• .. ,I, e• va mid ashes and squeliti scoriae()
... 1 • 7.t • a.; '''''': -.• 'V ' NI - .."'' • ' ' w the .0f 11" tbe it
u o lye, •o 019?).
, .4., 4•;•• • t•-•-• v. 4 . . r gra.
‘ 2 ...1 - . 44 ".2...'5, • •
e f s
: - '4,7;•17p.•-•,1: • • t . . —• . . 0 .. will prove to Wthehire of the present
1. 4 *1%•` r- •' • - •'• ' "' '•
•
,„e• '1 . 4 - • , ,. 4 .. •
~1 •• . • teaeitensent, should' those who wisely
r.. •., • ~'•,1,,,,,,,i:„.7t,, , ,.t . ,t . et , ;,,,,p , ,,, 1 - ,1„,.•
et trattiedyciOntitthe . aliveys t o
.7. •• * A:: ~ • .-,.. 1 • /74 • • - • # - within the pale of the con
r-xf4;.•!!!'i. '`',.,......, , •.. • ' , , ln, .If this course be pursued the exist
% 4,- 1; 1 .;••• 1 ••' .. .I' i,.`.." ''.. ;.• „: . .• ..1 14111.1 :; 11 *Yes abject. of domestic star.,
•- ' t:Li ~ •-• :-:-• .. • , _. :•• " fa , everything human , will have its day,
: . „,,V,1411- .4: ~.
.., . '-',:.' ~; - ,' . . place to- other and. less threatening
',, • 1-.4',, . „'f .. , ~_ ~F, ~ . ~.. : :
_Ed: Public opinion in this country
'4 • 4 ` r. 4..-; ..- •, ' .., r
...
' ..."
' . 4.: :i.:' • f '. ' .:
' . . ' eth yl,
anli niarty lg uesti it on7 ach the g es ood a se d rse
, ',..tk,,,3;'„: : '„;''r"r'!,' '7 ' '" ,,' : ', - ,' •,,;','''.' -•
' ''. .issople ..IWI furnish the •xtrrective and
!sts!". 4 7 ..ti-7„i ,',.!.;•'` t "':- c r , i: ' : t•':. LPi t • - 4kti., PAfeibco ,
~ .....,:•.., .. ,-,.,... --,;(..',,-_-,... .- e . ussi.en -. attirocßiar - result at the
.. t ,..„ . _-,.i•• • ,,, -,
~,„-•••-:.„.....• i.,'. r t, , . &ifs we ought to rensember pat
Mature must be presumed to
L .. • ,•N'd • " •;•••; •'. • 1 -".. -.. • . •., •.;:e natural comequences of his own
•,,, y ••, "' -'. •' - -1;i: • ' 1 11. , „1111. Those who ensionnee abstratt
: 1 -7.-- '-. s•- `..• '• - a -Zs ,%.- '`,. 4; :, , Acia k entuesolve of the Conetituticnt . alai.
1 5 „...,:.1i t i .ti •,.', , . ' r',.r.'•• i' . ..
, T an, must not be abrprised should their
,#• - " , i,'",, t ; •.'- 4. 1-se. ''... 1 . ,11 , , •
+l.+' ' Y' .-•.,, :, ....:, . ,'• •;- 'oll.t. ..; .AsiF ramie = in ce °,4taa4Prisrtherlssid
"es'ii :::,' '' • '.'' •• :. i "' .'" '' ' '' l to 'ftrit these siehtritusis
44 ,41 4 ••• ,4 ,•• c. :"..•, ~ --, .. - "to . ...cal effect. In this view of the 5ub
t5,.1ft.i....,...?.`;., ". .:
-•.' 7 '
~..-
,t,,..,..5t it ought never to be forgotten that hoe..
•••' 1 .4.- 4 ,,,..; t •••, - . , •,.....: 4 nr great may have been the political ad van
a, I ; ~ iL •-• , • • - • , • ' res 'reediting *ten; the Union to every hot
••••;., •;,•.".•- -.. • • • •.• -,..
„., 4 . 4. ,„.._ . ,•,.; , !. _ , , . ,
~ et of our commion 'Country, these would ell
c qt . t .4. ',,•'? ', a . : .- • 7!uve to be as nothing should the time ever
...,a 4 1 ' I.: . ..f, -,,. ~,...• -' ' . übit tliterthihr eilynarmettAre ciejnynd, withoet
.;•••• 4 • 4 :•',.!. •••....'"'."„. -1 -.-.. . - '' /lima danger to the personal safety of the
4,,,pe• ,z 7, ,-. • .:. , mph of fifteen members of the Confederacy.
rt„, 4 ' . r •',.' -." •t. ' . I thereat of the domestic fireside, through
" t o, ii,".'z i - r ,r. '•'' -. , '.., .., Ittese States, should ever be invaded 4 ' ' .''''' '' ' : ''
' ', 77.%VdOth 'liElhhaltes
• ~404 . ..tr4 ro
, 4 .-....• , •t. , • : :,..,- 4 .,•••• ~., era withhi thlesethersi ve
.., kr,, , ,,,40',;z:„,", s, • •••• ..• _ . - ••• -,,,.. - _,ion should not be able to retire to rest at
4 :,..Z.rti,:...,'•',‘,77,/' 1: :, -- 4; •,..; • ~. htlrilitgatauffering dreadful Apprek4arisio na
i t,i, 1LF 4...2.. 3 ...5 - 7 , .) . .. t :,.. - . • -
... ..2:,l4tist, may 6 their - Own 6ste and tidat'of their
", 4 „ :.•' .l ", 4 , - t . .:•.; - •t• - •••
5. 4 dilesitafere the morning--it would be vain
;I:i'Z'' , " I .• z i" ', 4 r; '.• - .''', I'] ."'. iciest : such a people the political bened a
... , .11 1 ,,!4•0 : •. k, 4 , 3'- „ :!;' , 7 ~ •'1 • ..-... -,,,,`,
, 4,',:ch result to them from the Union. Self
, - '. 4 ' ° , 1 °1 #.....; ;" 4 . -,..•• ', .' - -.• 4 .." 4,",,,-..„,-tiaChe, hi-thefts* inatance or nsure, and
•,... r .,,Yi- ' " ,
•‘ , .i .1,• - ‘ '''. '‘ •- '' .-;-, 7- , - Myers& otatiolety in which thestv.wd
..„4„..„t„,..•,••,....-,.."7... c." -,. •• ....,..." 4 .. •
t,,,./
~..•.. -, .., - 4 • - .... -•
.- ' ....,, -I, ~.. -' " . s uspended over the heads of the
„ 4 _, .L.? . .,9 ~, . e ' :,:. 1. ..13.• , "Xisflistleisonte intolerairle: 'But 1
:1....e5.t, e',l,„ r...t: • }..• ,5,.,'; .. -' :, r•.r' . - ' ittat• f%ai
,p.sts a1.e. , .4'••••••••,.,• ~ ~ „, - • -,,,,.,,_ • ,-,:atsi,:t on, the
ContrarV. "- , rave taE We events, at
it b l 'te . gt , ' 4.l , tti r e ' 4.F Hat. F .- ;1 •
• 4 ,,,,.%. I, A ...,,,,,, ......,,, a "•1 •
~ 2 arrY7 7„,,,,,,A,:. th e people to palate
el. ,
0 „ ... ,....,,, a
..... !ssusit4==. - '.. peril totheircher
=a
.-:,,,,t,.T., ... ‘• :c lii- 11. ar means. under
Ai r ...,frii?
.. _. 4 4.,' ~
~7. 7 . , .. 4 . . :-Lo r.i . , P rovider allaying the existing excitement,
tprti t co,r4st ., •,,lE',;,,t ..,..... 7 z ...• .s.-,4 f 4 r. and prevelitl4 fattitofoutbreates of a similar
,'"i h.' ...,,- , ,1. - .,- ,,
ar4,9:, c , 7,5. -'''"".., ..- ." ,trilletr ti „. jtiej will resolve that their institu
' tt ; ;; 4 -:?•.%,, 11 ,..; 7 •" ''''' e.:;•.1 1 '',. fa Arl Wing flail not be endangered by rash
~
w , , ,,,,,, „.4.•.,:z.*',;,,` . -,.", -',:, p :,:;17."09itgashik- .. knowing thst should theailver cord"
`:',11,15,Z;;;;; ; •;;,,r..., '.-.. . ~ ...?, i . she •baseed ,far the golden bowl brokereat the
.• • •is. .1,.:4 4.71 5"#,•,;.7. -:'..t O7 fountain, human power could never rettliiie the
, , 06 ,:„'V-' ' t scattered and hostile fragments.
t
t:',„.4 r ~, , .v.,...1,X .-: i '4 I cordissily cengridiffoitir yen nom- the 'final
.. 2 ,i 444 ,4 . yWA . ,' ' settlement; - liy• the' -Oath-ems Court- of the
: N. ' ,0 ,,1;1 i ...7,•. 1 1,a„ . .... ,, s , „:
~ Unitedtthatwof attereareticuref. slavery in the
.1.:-..y.....:1,,;..7 { j. , ' - . Territories,- width • lsal -presented an aspect
#••„ i 5 . . c..v .,.„ . z . ,: 1. : •.,,w .. .o.iintirccirmid o ki g 41. the commencement of
•• 6 7 .-7 "" 7 -:. 4 1 , - • ; ,' .." ' :;'. -17 - 41 : 4 04- , :AI 041F1A144,44U , 0L
,„Tbe right has been estab
-1447'.....'--'..1r.,--;).1.. i et. Haled Or every citizen to take his
I troperty of
t5tc4„..,",,,';7 4 : ....,. .-,. 1, • .. ° 4!hi ithr_ltdruhi inettsithir slaves, Into e common
4 ,, , fr....,4 , 4 4 ,- , ..is ..s. - , Territories, belonging equally to a 1 the States
- ... 1 14. 1 '7,..u., - .;;_4"".11-J,\ . 1.'„1i.. „"pf the confedracy, and to -I proemted
7, F titi' 4: 04,4 1 qPh`...C•u; . ;7 ' th ere under the Fedezial 41 1 otio t n.' Neither
11 •1 4 .,;&:#p11 4 •,•"„s 1, ,r, ig ,
) :,, f , ~..„. le 4.,‘'Vyte,:;:^ 1i ,• ,..1 5 i. - " ,, ortligrese nor a ..Taririlcitial Legislature nor
-...".fti.4<:1"...V '2 , ...;5'," , ..,.." " ,. .......0111#1101414111flpipPlinsr, f has any authority to annul
4 4 7,r,+.74, 1 ' e„:4-)1,,,,,1 1 4.-;,,,, ~,,,- .:, -4,',l4 3 ittpairthis vested right. The supreme ju -
4: i,
, ), t! . 6 t, 41 . 4,7„ ,..: : . 7 - : :,.,.„.7 . , , , i, tribunal of the country, which is a co
. ••-; 4 , 4 , - ; -,, 01,,L .V., !.- • ~., 1 7 . atdiAlitif ' branch of the government, has
~...„,....,_,;p,•;„4 , ..; . , ,,, ,;;,: , ~ ~ - , ,,l•wenenO r L and affirmed these pr t tncifles
•a - ',....•,-.•••••• ..!1•""'" - ... - • .--. isonstitutiosal law, so thilitAs y ma t
IV ,••• s.- ...4) , ... .- . - 1
.. , .,,, ,,,I ttr s .rje*ci u „ , ,;,...;,..' 4.3. , themselves, and so well caleulated to
• .5"..N.r.5.... 1 ....-W4 fti .. s, ...• "- I -.1 .15tar peat end harmony am
,N c i4 c5..4" ;viiria , q t # 1•;••:. , • • ...o ' • o . llx th e States.
, .
~.-; _ ,,•,-,..,,,,,, -.- 4 ta.a striking. proof of the mow of issciem
t. , ...tkA'vq , -- N , , , i. i r ' •- ;laicals hthereet
••••••,,....1 - 7,bis rt.X R. 4 7: , . ,7- ....;- ;,-
_„.. . our' people,. that the Mop..
li - I.r . 43 , t eiloot ~.. --,' , ,-. .7 1 y=1.11.1z never Wm disturbed to my
10 ..r:% . 7,,,,y?' Lt! 11••• . 4 % r .' J . • - an , any. of th e r Tenitories. Even
44)4
ri z # 4, 41 : „,01-„i,ts •
•:•,. e...•il 0. t• - the tatetroubles in Smut there
1 ,,,k
''..‘.,, „,.• `" 1-4 ".. 1, If - :AMY .1111•X'itttertrpt, se I sun credibly in
':
11.„;.7 2 4 , 3 4>
~ ,,,,,ke ,44, - . 44 11 , 0..5`„, • ' ,tsiiiitierfeta,:in a single instance, with
Thera",4 - i: A':•• • :, .-„,4 1 ,1... 'set-a the master. Had any such at
.dar,,,..:_., • 1n. , ...'„,„ c, ,:p5.,.,_ • •,•• ,t '-'• A. Wm ,made, the Judiciary would d0ubt
.04,,01,-;,..5.,#1,0,*•,,,,%,•,;•14'. 7,, :thitltteatesfror'ilet an adequate remedy ; should
• •11te ..n.,Pit.i7.,.`it'4",."',,.••:..,.V. 1. to de this hereafter, it will then be
P.i
:,, N- & - e. * :4 4 ,;' , !,:*,•; . t • 7. , , 9 ~... • ..: • 'to strengthee . their hoods he far
-01
. -. 1 4/Jr-47'... -1. ii.f ., j,A-- , .-4•'.... , on. Had frheein decide& th at
• •
~,,- .•. 1 • .4S' ~ i.. 1. : - tor the> tersitorial legislature
- •••• ~ .„. 4 . 4: ~#, /..„,,, ~.1 , , '.. -
. '11 ... 1L4i.‘ , 7 , ,',,• 4 •,. --..,:,,,•:: ••• the power to annulor impair the right
_ .r.
~ ,
.its ,...:.,,,;.,-,,,..., ... 4 'e n slaves, the evil would b# inkil
att.._ A _
_,
...c: :\ , : 1 1 . "1 1 4 : ..?1'; :,; : i p . i i .' " , ": : .. •111 7 4 12 4114'. :: re1a i: t i . 141aah ht7 f (Pf rresult : r: m e r ilimmilui".11ev oitir eo lu ld nf e t Ythth y dit agi ee o et : rt e , ee ta urilec n h c7u d ti mati , a n n obe f ida d n o er, r nbe th a th tnh el o d d e el
.... , "i :3. -•*, ' QU would
i f..,,,:-I ;, T . %sidereal inceisant, whilst the tern •
y.. *,,,., 4,4ition iihnistriel, and lie baneful in
t- •Y es' „ t „larki , keep alive a dangerous excite
‘-' 4 ' t• ; 4 - N g !he People of the aeveral States.
1 .. ••1,•,,, 1 ts the states of a Territory during the
. • ."'
•. ..fetriod .frotn its lint settlement
• ,t• '..•
~ . •.,... i• s ibecome &State bent irreyorably
f', Anal derision of the Supreme Court.
„, . 7 4 has this been for the prosperity of
, ,1 .< :; .. tpides,akWen ael A•te/ tranquility' of the
, ~.;• '" '- -' .•
4 71. , 11-4 ' t ,;•17 - kt t. * ::: - 4 _;, , , ,.: ,- . ,• , :!: , , , ::::"• , :- tgl thei,lrestvtrilipeet in the
4.
.-A ttj elialif.3 :.o ,, ._,.,,,,., ....;,,.:
~4 1 :,.. 2 a ohlihnhn piatfotni having
' ll N‘ l 4 /4 . 7. t.. . 1 t, i'i1t, - '` ••••• •• • , 1. - • •, 1 9 4; 1 .,, 1 W Z 441.! Species of property
,--, ....- .4,...•)• , • ._, t cm. own opinion, to promote
,t 1 e ,',4 t. 2......P.1;e15' 4. : •,- -• •' ' .." - ‘rfa- . natural canoes the slavery
x• : 1.,44. , .. , : ,, ,*tT_"„e,.;473s s', -4 3 ,r , ,,,,',. -. - -. - , ,, i . 4 : 7 slbizi etch atutil soon virtue settle
•ig••, - 1,,".., ; ",:x L i. ,, t• . ;;;,,t; i , t. ....i. 00440 the,sitte . • i tory is.. for
_••1.;:fil i C T J.
.:•,,,....„ ~...... • ,cl' kr i Stifle Ento . o4ll7nitat is decia
-44
7, /i • J ", r l. l ",bf 4, 1 •?,/' ••-.„ 1 . e ,N,'''' , ; .. .,' ' ,'
,1• 4 ',, - ; . ;y
,or the other will have bosh a Aire:
/ tere, : ,_,,\ •, - 4 -,', •._ ; ' 4 ; ... _.leAdt6
.., ,
~ ._.,
~,,,-,_ 4,415 e..,
, 14,,.t, ~., ~ _
4 '• ,- W,1;.7. ? k.'1,13.i74 , ,,r , ;‘ , * . ‘,„;i i lf : . :....,- ... .thiseettlement of the new Terri-
Ki.7.,..;; 4 7, , t...
,t . ,/„ , ,,,.".. „,.. , ,„,,,„ •eceed without - 8646W interruption,
4 ,4 ;_ r- .'re . :5_411, ,. tr -,-, r, •.,,t- ii - - givela ad prosperity will not be en
:.;.,,,:.,„..1',., ~. , ••., :- 1. • • '.' • -. 44teltitaidied by violent-political strug•
.• - • : An •
-.. • •• 1,• • • , thsalltitgreis atoventa, *it inhate
,,•,' l' , ' 4, ' ; .'O4 Territory shall have ftehed the
; •7,,
, L ,, . . . —,
• I tired, tofiirittu State, they,ajtx
.- . ',....' , •'--."', .•,„• a regular manner, a,nti in the
......'.11,„ - . 11 ottoefestar sovereignty to
-,,.,,., , :;,:kait. preparatory to adminsiblk
• , ‘. this has been"dona vto
, • - ' .• • i Mthe X.11115/18 and Ne
, •, .- 1 les, i mpede* into the
N. ' •
.. ',. t , . /held Yary, ,II Ilb air eon
„ vs,,, - ~,......„.; ...,.:Thisil,tbe tsme • of their
''. ' , '' . 'l s ' 4° ulla'S .. 3 -tollim haPPUY
. , • . \ ‘ some -or other by an
• . '- ' 'Vas 01' -houses of the
.
.. , • . F 4 nor . and have
' ad Iligli •.....i":qto be ittri'
, , ~_ ' n zdarlanni•pizathe Ar.,- .
.4 iii fd r iattJettrerial_tind
4i t tli,
-
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• e
31 1 "/,:' 173? 3 •
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- r - .! j ra ". 0'; • 4,,
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.411, ~,
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• • L
.bAY MO G• DEC. 28.
t •grsphd Exelustrely for the Pitts
burgh Poet.
I ' lt .• .
' Y 4 k
r ;• -* ,:n4 ft.-0 7) ••••...
- •
z olnifiina .. of our coasts, and a thorough in
ves ;: 'on of the subject, we have not . -
it.; hi;
able to ' over that any slaves have '43--Aieen ints'
porter' thn. United Statea, except th e cargtk
by the .. an dfireteftunborketi,between th
r and fougatundriid. ghotieneaged in this ritV
4.lurful..4oyr-ptii.lis#o3 laii* rigorously prose::
Cpted, tnitmoOisith as ranch littocess as their
qimeataie deserved A number of them are
...._
still under prosecution.
Our history proves that the fathers of the re.
public, in advance of all other nations, con
demned , the African slave trade. It was,
notwithstanding, deemed eipedient by the
framers of the Constitution to deprive Con
gross of the power to prohibit the migration
or importation of such persons us any of the
States now existing shall think proper to ad
mit, prior to the year one thousand eight hun
dred and eight.
It will be seen that this 'restriction on the
power of Congress was confined to such States
only as ttliglit ithihric_proper .te admit the ins.
portation of slaves. It did not extend to other
States, or to the tradonarried on abroad. Ac
cordingly we find that so early as the 22d
March . , 1794, Congress passed an act imposing
severe penalties and punishments upon citizens
and iv - wit/this of the -United. States, who should
engage in this trade with foreign nations. The
provlsteas of this act were extended and en
foreed by the act of 10th May, 1800.
Again, the States themselves have a clear
right to waive the Constitutional privilege
intended for theifteneflt, and:to prohibit, by
their own laws, this trade, at any time they
thought proper, previous to 1808. Several of
them exercised the right before that period,
and amgng them some containing the greatest
number of slaves. This gave to Congress the
immediate power to act in regard to all such
States, because they themselves had removed
the Constitutional barrier. Congress accord
ingly passed an act, on 28th February, 1803, to
prevent the importation of certain persons into
certain States, where, by the laws thereof, their
admission is prohibited. In this manner the
importation of African slaves into the United
States was. to a great extent, prohibited, some
years in advance of 1808.
As the year 1808 approached, Congress de
termined not to suffer this trade to exist even
for a single day after they had the power to
abolish it.. On the 2d of March, 18117, they
passed an act to take effect from and after
the first day of January, 1808, prohibiting the
importation of African slaves into the
United Statee;_this was followed by subsequent
acts of a similar character, to which I need not
specially refer. Such were the priuciples, and
such =the practice of oar ancestors, more than
fifty years ago, in regard to the African slave
trade.
It did not occur to the several patriots
who had been delegates to the conven
tion, and afterward became members
of Congress, that in passing these laws
they had violated the Consti4 : „ition,
which they had framed with so much care and
deliberation; they supposed that to prohibit
Congress, in express terms, from exercising a
speettled power before an appointed day, in
volved the right to exercise this power after
that day had-arrived.
If this were not the case, the framers of the
Conetinition hadexpended much labor in vain;
had theY imagined that Congress would pos
sess power to prohibit the trade, either before
or after 1808, they would not have taken so
much care to protect the States against the of
ficesaftblas power before that period; they would
not have attached such importance to this
provision as to have excluded it from the post
aibslty of fixture appeal or amendment, to
which other portions of the Constitution were
exposed. It would then have been wholly
unnecessary to engraft cm the fifth article of
the Constitution, prescribing the mode of its
own future amendment, the proviso that "no
amendment which may be made prior to the
year one thousand eight hundred and eight,
shall, in any manner affect the provision in
theConstitntion securing to the States the right
to admit the importation of African slaves
previous to that period."
According to the adverse construction. the
clause itself, on which so much care and discus
sion had been employed by the members of the
Convention, was an absolute nullity from the
beginning, and all that has since been done un
derit a mere usurpation. It was well and wise
to confer this power on Congress; because, had
it been left to the States, its efficient exercise
would have been impossible_ In that event,
any State could have effectually continued the
trade, not only for itself, but for all the other
slave States, though never so much against their
Will, and why r. Because African slaves, when
once brought within the limits of any one State,
in accordance with its laws, cannot practically
be excluded from any other State where slavery '
exists. And even if all the States had separ.
ately passed laws prohibiting the importation
of slaves, these laws would have failed of effect
for want,ef a naval force to capture the slavers
and to guard the coasts. Such a force no State
can.eitiploy in time of peace without the coe•
sent of Congress.
i -Those acts of Congress, it is believed, have,
with. very rare and inoigniticant exceptions,
ittsg(sripliglia. their purpose; for a period of
more than brae century there has bi , erwa e -ef,
vious addition to the number of our domestic
slaves;daring title period their advancement
in civil associations far surpassed that of any
Aber portion of the African race; the light
and the blessings of Christianity have been ex
tended to them, and both their moral and physi
est coptlit.iiin has beea greatly improved.
Be-open the trade, and It would be difficult to
determine whether the effect would be more
deleterious to the interests of the master or to
those of the native born slaves—uf the events
to the master the one most to be dreaded
would be the introduction of wild heathen and
ignorant barbarians among the sober, tederly
and quiet slaves, whose ancestors have been on
the soil for several generations; this might tend
to barbarize, demoralize and exasperate the
wbcile mass, and produce most deplorable con
sequences.
The effect upon the existing slaves would
if possible be still more deplorable. At pr ,„.
eat. he is treated with kindness arid humanity,
he is well fed, well clothed to d not overwork
ed. His condition is incomparihly better than
that of the coolies which modern nations of
high civilization have employed as a substitute
for-African slaves; b. tti the philanthrophy and
the self interest Of the master have combined
to produce this humane result. But let this
trade be re-opened, and what will the effect be
—the same, to a considerable extent, as on
neighboring island, the only spot now on earth
where the African slave trade is openly tolera
ted, and this in defiance of solemn treaties, with
a power abundantly able at any moment to
enforce their execution. There the master, in
tent upon misimmt. gain, extorts from the slave
as much lab v o l eus his physical powers are capa
ble of end*Wg, knowing that when death
comes to his otibef his place can be supplied ate
price reduced to the lowest point of competition
by rival African slave traders. Should this
ever be the case in our country, which I do not
deem possible, the present useful character of
the domestic institution wherein those too old
and too young to work are provided for with
care and humanity, and those capable of labor
are not overtasked, would undergo an unfortu
nate change. The feeling of reciprocal depen
dence and attachment, which now exists be
tween master and slave, would be converted
into mutual distrust and hostility.
But we are obliged as is Christian and moral
nation to consider what would be the effect
upon unhappy Africa itself if we should re
open the slave trade. This would give the
trade an impulse and extension which it has
newer had even in its palmiest days. Thetnu
raerous victims required to rupply.it would con
vert the whole stave Coast into a perfeet pande
monium, for which this country would be held
responsible In the eyes both of God and man.
Its petty tribes would then be constantly en
.gaged in predatatory wars against each other,
'tor the purpow' of seizing slaves to supply
the American market All hopes of Af
rican civilization would then be ended.
On; the outer hand, when a market for
aleyes shall no longer be fmMisheci in Cuba,
and 404 all the world be closed against this
trade, we may then indulge a reasonable
hope, for the gradual improvement of Africa.
The otthsf motive of war among the tribes will
cease mrbenever there is no longer any demand
for slaves. The resources of that fertile but
niissiabtre country might - theci.begleveloped by
the hand of industry, and afford subjects for
legitimate foreign and domestic commerce.
;IgaltiistiManSier .qhriektiaziVllyed civilization
may gradwillY penetrate the existing gloom.
The wisdom -of theasoureeltursued by this
- goVertratent towards China has bmrrnianifested
by the event. 'Whilst we sustained a neutral
position in the war waged by Greed Britain
and France against the Chinese Empire, our
late Minister, in obedience to his instructions,
judiciously co-operated with the Ministers of
'ewe - powers, An all peaceful measures, to se
cure, by treaty, the just concessions demanded
by the interests of foreign commerce. The
resat is, that satisfactory treaties have been
concluded with China, by the respective Minis
tars of the United States, Great Britain, France
and Rusitia' . Our treaty or general convention
Yew% lenity and toitioaroevith...ihat, em-
was concluded at Tientsin 9n the 18th of
M'ime, 1866, and was ratified by ftslt.President,
if
by and with Lhe advice of the Sada, on the
16th December, 1868. John Z. Ward, adis-
Asguished citizen of Geordisrselet du lf MO&
niiisioned as Envoy ExtraorirtioarOninfas
ter Plenipotentiary to Chia. Re left the
-
United States for the place 44 hilyest4tatitie
onjtie sth February, 1859, bearing 401 brim
the ratified copy of this tree*, and artived at
Shar.gbai on the 28th May; from thiin,oo he
proceeded to Pekin on the 16th June, but did
not arrive in that city until the 27th July.
According to the terms of the treaty, the rati
fications were to be exchanged on: or before the
18th January. 1859. This 'wits rendered itn
possible, by reasons and events beyond his con
trol. not necessary to detail, but still it is due
to the Chinese authorities at Shanghai to state
that they always assured him no advantage
should be taken of the'delav, and this pledge
hits been faithfully redeemed. On the arrival
of Mr. Ward at Pekin be requested an audi ,
ence of the Emperor, to present his letters of
credence. This he did not obtain, in conse
quence of his very proper refusal to submit to
the humiliating ceremonies required by the
etiquette of this strange people, in approaching
their sovereign. Nevertheless, the interviews
on this question were conducted in the most
friendly spirit, and with all due regard to his
' personal feelings and the honor of his country.
When a presentation to his Majesty was found
to be impossible, the letter of credence from
the President was received with peculiar hon
ors, by Eiveiliang, the Emperor's Prime Min
ister, and the second man in the Empire to
the Emperor himself. The ratifications of the
treaty were afterwards, on the 18th of August,
exchanged in proper form at Pei Tsang. As
the exchange did not take place until after the
day prescribed by the treaty, it is deemed
proper, before its publication, again to submit
it to the Senate.
It is but simple justice to the Chinese au
thorities to observe that throughout the whole
transaction they appear to have acted in good
faith. and in friendly spirit towards the United
States. It is true this has been done after their
own peculiar fashion, but we ought to regard
with a lenient eye the ancient customs of an
empire dating hack thousands of years, so
far as this may be consistmt with our own nas
tional honor. The conduct of our minister on
the occasion has received my entire approba
tion. In order to carry out the spirit of this
treaty, and to give it full effect, it became ne
cessary to conclude two supplemental conven
tions, the one for tire adjustment and satisfac- 1
lion of the claims of our citizens, and the other
to fix the tariff on imports and exports, and t,
regulate transit dues and the trade of our merch
ants with China. This duty was satisfactorily
performed by our late Minister.
These conventions bear date at Shanghai, on
the Bth November, 1858. Having been con
sidered, in the light of binding agreements,
subsidinary to the principal treaty, and to be
carried into execution without delay, they do
not provide for any formal ratification or ex
change of ratifications by the contracting par
ties. This was not deemed - -- 4 ,7-essary by the
Chinese, who are already "1.1i."4...;- / eeding in good
faith to satisfy the claims citlzens,and it
is hoped to carry out the other provisions of the
conventions. Still, I thought it was proper to
submit them to the Senate by which they were
ratified, on the 3d March, 1859 The ratified
copies, however, did not reach Shanghai until
after the departure of our Minister to Pekin,
and these conventions could not, therefore, be
exchanged at the same time with the principal
treaty. No doubt is entertained that they will
be ratified and exchanged by the Chinesegovern
mentshould this be thought advisable. but un
der the circumstances presented, I shall consider
them binding engagements (ruin their date, on
both parties, and cause them to be published as
such for the information and guidance of our
tnerclauats trading with the Chinese empire .
It affords me much satisfaction to inform
You that all our difficulties with the republic of
Paraguay have been satisfactorily adjusted. It
happily did not become necessary to employ
the force for this purpose which Congress had
placed at my command, nziter their joint reso
lution of 2,1 June. 18'58 On the contrary. the
President of that Republic In a friendly spirit
acceded promptly to the just and reasonable
demands of the Government of the United
States. Oar Commias_saner arrive,' at Assump
tion, the capital of the Republic, on the
of January. 1859, and left it on the 17th
February, haring in three weeks ably and suc
cessfully accomplished all the objects of his
mission. The treaties which he has concluded
will lei immediately submitted to the Senate.
In the view that th e employment of other than
peaceful means might become necessary tool/lain
just satisfaction from Paraguay, r strong naval
force was concentrated In the waters of the
La Plata, to await contingencies, whilst
our Commissioner ascended the rivers to As
surnittion The navy department isentitlted to
great credit for the promptness, effciency and
economy with which this expedition was fit
ted out and conducted. It consisted of nine
teen armed Nessels, great and small, mrcying
205) guns and 250 men. all under the command
"(the vets-ran arid gallant Shubrick The en.
..tkre....exprinstm of the expedition have been
defrayed out f the ordinary appropriations
for the naval service, except the sum of $289..
000, applied to the purchase of seven of the
steamers constituting a part of it, under the
authority of the naval appropriation act of the
'B4l of March last. It is believed that these
steamers are worth more than their cost, and
they are all now usefully and actively employs
ed in the naval service.
The appearance of so large a force, fitted out
in such a prompt manner, in the far distant
waters of the I,a Plata. and the admirable con
duct of the officers and men employed In it.
have bad a happy effect in favor of our country
throughout all that remote portion ofthe world
Our relation, with the great empires of France
and Russia, as well as with all other govern.
meatson the continent et Europe, unless we
may except that of Spain, happily continue to
be of the most friendly character. In my last
annual message, Ipretsented a stateme-• of the
unsatisfactory condition of our relathets with
Spain, and I regret to say that this has riot
materially improved. Without special refer
' , rice to other claims, even the Cuban claims,
the payment of which has been ably urged by
our Ministers, and in which more than a hun
dred of our citizens are directly interested, re
main unsatisfied, notwithstanding both their
justice arid their amount, 12,888,654 dollars
had been recognized and ascertained by the
Spanish government itself. I again recommend
that tin appropriation be made to be paid the
Spanish government for the purpose of distribu
tion among the claimants in the Amislad ease.
In common with two of my predecessors, I enter.
tain nu doubt that this is required by our treaty
with Spain of the 27th October, 1795. The fail
ure to discharge this obligation has been em
ployed by the Cabinet of Madrid as a reason
against the settlement of our claims.
I need not repeat the arguments which I
urged in my last annual message, in tavor of
the acquisition of Cuba br fair purchase. MY
opinions on that measure swain unchanged.
I therefore again invite the serious attention
of Congress to this important subject. With
out a recognition of this policy on their part,it
will be almost impossible to institute nego
tiations with any reasonable prospect of suc
cess. Until a recent period there was good
reason to believe that I should be able to an.
nounce to you, on the present occasion, that
our difficulties with Great Britain, arising out
'if the Clayton and Bulwer treaty, had been fi
nally adjusted, in a manner alike honorable and
satisfactory to both parties. From causes,how
ever, which the British government had not
anticipated, they have not yet completed treaty
arrangements with tue republics of Hondu•
rag agd Nicaragua, in pursuance of the under
standing between the two governments. It is
nevertheless confidently expected that this good
,work will ere long be accomplished.
Whilst indulging the hope that no other
subject remained which could disturb the good
understanding between the two countries, the
question arising out of the adverse claims of
the parties to the island of San Juan, under
the Oregon treaty of the 16th of June, 1848,
suddenly assunied a threatening poiritien. In
order to prevent the unfortunate collision on
that remote frontier, the late 6 nCretarY of
State, on the 17th of July, 1 865,addressed a note
to Mr. Crampton, Assn pritish Minister at
Washington, communicating a copy of the in.
Atructions which be, Mr. Marcy, had given on
lace 44th of Jul y, to,Go v. Stevens, of Washing.
ton Territory, having a special reference to an
apprehended conflict between our citizens and
the British subjects on the island of San Juan.
To prevent this the Governor was instructed
that the officers of the Territory should abstain
fromall acts on the disputed grounds, which are
calculated to provoke any conflict. so far as it
Gan be lionewithout knply* the consequence
to the authorities of Great Britian of an exclu
sive right over them. The title should be settled
before either party shonhi.attampt to exclude
the other by force or exercise of cfinplete or
exclusive sovereign right within the.disputed
limits.
In_ankonarlxioryi the receipt, on the next
day, of Mr. Mercy's note, the BrildnilMoielet
expressed his sabre eenc ce in ue prgprl
ety nf skepastr4 led to Multi:me:nor
•
of 'Wreath/ ..",..... :-
instru:tiot
.had lost no
...„ 00 0 ,ff ,1111 . ., , C.,
.........
40ettinent /1 ~.....'
o Tertk *its - ritory by your (Mr. Marcy's)
t. imided to : '. officertAnd stating the he
aura as to hi transmitting a copy of at
secure, oaths ~o- vernor9General of B
.: it
trs and the foliabita i q
tstui4 eariteitlln, recit4
the line in question, I/neg.:4o take stibli nifiitt
spirit of forbearance inning best„ Caldigateitio
you (Mr. Marcy,) on tlthe..Britial(locel authistA
tens of the United Stakaelthe neighhOlimoirof
mained upon the faith ofie exercise of ale same
the month of Jnly last, wpthich is inculcated by
a visit to the i sland. He he authorities and citi
flve American residents, ~es. Thus matters re
and also an establishment this arrangemetil
Company, for the purpoelisen Gen. Heemor pa ,lit-unsi",
A short time 'before his atfoond upon,Went
residents had shot an anim Wilk their families,
company whilst trespassingof the udson's Bay
for which, ho' 'ever, be Offer‘se firf raising sleep.
value, but that was refusedriial, one of these
chief factor of the Company,al belonging to the
in-law. of Governor Douglas; upon-his premises,
land in the British sloop of weed to pay twice its
threatened to take this Am 6 Soon after, the
ler, by force, to Victoria, to ane Mr. Dalles, son.
pass he had conmitted. The j came to the is
his rifle, and told Mr. Dalles ar Satellite, and
tempt was made, he would kiltrican, Mr. Cut
spot. The affair then ended. 'wet. for the tres-
Under these circumstances, arnerican seized
settlement presented - a petition to if any such at
through the United Stateslnspectol him on the
Mr. Hubbs, to place a force on the b
tect them from the Indians, as well site ,American
sive interference of the authorities e the General,
son . 8 Ba
t s Company at Victoria, with r of Customs,
as Amermancitizens. The General hi stand to pro
responded to this petition, end ordo the oppres-
George Pickett, Nth Infantry, to est7f the Bud
company at Bell ville. or San Juan ltheirrights
some suitable position near the harbinmedintelY
south eaaternextremity. This order was o.ed Capt.
lv obeyed; a military poet was estabtablish his
the place designated. The force was afts sland, to
increased, so that by the last return then . , at the
number of troops then on the Island at prompt.
ed to 691 men. Whilst Ido not deem it p ished at
' un the present occasion, to make any comorwards
upon the credibility which ought to be at' whole
ed to the statements f the British colsnount
authorities, contesting t,'„' accuracy of the'roper,
formation on which the gi..atit General ac'nents
it was due to him that ll,` „ould thus pres.tach
his own reasons for issuing i.le order to Ceimial
Pickett. From these it is clear his object was'
prevent the British authorities on Vancouv:
Island from exercising jurisdiction over Ante, et
ican residents on the Island of Sap Joao, a i
well as to protect them against the itreursion s '
of the Indians. Much excitement prevailed for
some time throughout that region, and serious'
danger of collision between the parties was
apprehended. The Britis'a have a large naval
force in the vicinity, and it is but an act of
Alpople justice to - the Admiral of that station
, M's' state that he wisely and discretely forbore to
commit any hostile act, hut determined to refer
the whole affair to hi., government, and await'
their instruction.
This aspect of the ratter In my opinion de
manded serious attention. It would have been '
a great oalamity for' both nations bad they
been precipitated into acts of hostility, not on
the question of title to the island, but merely '
concerning what should be its condition during
the intervening period whilst the two govern-'
menu might be employed in settling the ques
tion to which of them it belongs. For this
reason Lieut. General Scott was despatched on
the 17th of September last, to Washington
Territory, to take immediate command of the
United States forces on the Pacific coast,
should he deem this necessary. The main ob•
ject of his mission was L. carry out the spirit
of the precautionary arrangement bitwtein the
late Secretary of State and the British Minister,
and thus to preserve the peace and prevent col
lision between the British and American aus
chorales, pending the negotiation s between the
two governments. Entertaining no doubt of
the validity of our Ms, I mead scarcely add
that, in any event, American citizens were to
be placed on a footing at least as favorable ss
that of British subjects, it being understood
that Captain Pickett•s company should remain
on the island. It is proper to observe, that
considering the distance from the scene (Auc
tion, and in ignorance of what might have
transpired on the spot before the Generals ar
rival, it was necessary to leave much to his dis
cretlon, and I am happy to state the event has
proven that this discretion could not have been
intrusted to more competent bands. General
Scott has recently returned from his mission,
having successfully accomplished its object, and
there is no longer any good reason to appre
hend a collision between the (urea' of the two
countries during the pendency of the existing
negotiations.
I regret to inform you that there has been
no improvement in the affairs of Mexico since
my last annual message, and I am again oblig
ed to ask the earnest attention of Congress to
the unhappy condition of that republic. The
constitutional Cone-toss of Mexico, which ad
journed on the 17th of February, 18.57, echoed
a constitut ion.and provided for a popular elec
lion. This took place in the following July,
1857, and General Comonfort was chosen Pres
ident almost without opposition At the
same election a new Congress was cho
sen, whose first session commenced un the
16th of September, 1857 By the consti
tution of 1667, the Presidential terns Was
to begin on the first of December, 1857, and
continue four years. On that day Gen Coulon
fort appeared before the assembled Congress in
the City of Mexico, took the oath to sat por t
the New constitution, and was duly inatikura
led as President. Within a month afterwards
he had been driven from the Capitol, and a
military rebellion had assigned the supreme
power of the Republic to Gen. Zuloaga. The
constitution provided that in the absences of the
President, his office should devolve upon the
Chief Justice of the Suprenie court, and Ueri.
Cornonfort, having left the country, this func
tionary, Gen. J1.14re.4, proceeded to form, at
Guanajuato, a constitutional government. Be
fore this was officially known, however,
at the capital, the government of Zuloks_a had
been recognized by the entire diplomatic corps,
including the Minister of the L nited States as
the de lack, government of Mexico The
constitutional President, nevertheless, main
tained hie position with firmness, and was
soon established with his cabinet at Vera
Crux. Meanwhile, the government of Zuloa
, ga was earnestly I - estate:l in many parts of the
republic, and even in the capitol, a portion of
the army having pronounced against it, its
functions were declared terminated, and an
assembly of citizens was invited for e choice
of a new President ; this assemblyr‘elected
General MiramOn, but that officer rep,udisted
the plan d er which he was chosen, and Zu
loags eraen restored to his previous posi
tion. He assumed It, however, only to will.'. ,
draw from it, and Miramon having tewbrney. f
has appointment, President Substitute, c0r,...,n
-ues, with that title, at the bead of the insur
gent party
In my last annual message I communicated
to Congress the circumstances units* which
the late Minister of the United States suspend•
ed his official relations with the Central Gov-'
ernment, and withdrew from the country. It
was impossible to maintain friendly inter.
course with a government like that at the cap
ital, upder whose usurped authority wrongs
wer eesonsiantlyeomenitteci,but hever,reciressed
Had this been an establish g overnment, with
itaiieseriri extdeding, by t ' .6ssisiiet prlthepeo
iel
ple, over the whole of eireo, El retort to
hostilities against it would have been quite jute
tillable, and indeed necessary. But the country
Was a prey to civil war, and it was hoped that
the success of the Constitutional President
might lead to a condition of things leas injuri
ous to the United States. This ,ittlecess be
came so probable that, in January last, I
employed a reliable agent to visit Mexico and
report to me 4ietiotual condition and prospects
of the contending parties. In conirequencis of
his report, and from information which reached
me from other sources, favorable to this pros
pects of the Constitutional cause, (felt justified
In appointing a new Minister to Mexico, who
might embrace. the earliest imitable opportunity
of restoring our diplomatic relations with that
republic. For this purpose a distinguished
citizen of Maryland was selected. who proceed
,
ed on bit minion an .the' Bth. of - .March last,
with discretionary authority_ to recognize the
government of President Juarez, it on his
arrival iii•Mexico,.heshould find it entitled to
such E4Cogulijoh. Ist:Cording to the established
practice -of the 'United * States. On the 9th of
April following, Mr. McLane presented his
ccederithas to President Juarez, peein g xic,
hesitation in pronounairig:lhe government of
i l :Iberia to be the only existing government of
1 the republic- . He via cordially received by - i
the authorities .at Vera Cr,'niisrld they have'
ever since manifested the inostetidly dispo
sition towards the Vetted States. • Unhappily, '
however, tips 4 , sestAtuldtinal qovernment hiss '
pt) . ... • ..se to establish Its power over tiro'
twi l
ifeiti i-l - - :-.---
iti t ti e c i . Xt ie is atia suppo thelitates rted by bn a t Ir mo
.
ifehn : 'Otto=
.Wh it.oaa.i
,Ani
.f,_,:ill _. _ • _
i 1.6! RIMPIOAANIAOKAP4II I. 1
' i distant provinces there . .. litary governors
who pay ljttle r -,., tte -r % e ees of either gov
er ; ment.T In -- iiiiia . .:r e r e excesses which
. a attend ..., .. el '..„ ,ar , and especially in
r , ecillihro,, r .tly ...„..l e ,. is; outragesofthe
w."*. t dei
,i . rqipt.. are 5 .,, ir witted both upon
pons atrii p .rty. here is scarcely any
fortp bf tiiry_ o ich hro trot been suffered by
ectsr el tieatts in i11i ,, , .r.T.7 4 . he last few years.
We have been nominal re 'place with that Re
public, but so fir as th , i. Wrests of our come
merce, and of our citize‘rs• who have visited the
country as merchants, shipmasters, or in other
capacities, are concerned; 'we might alf - wete
lvt PIN at war. Life hati, been inseevre,
property unprotected, and tradieimPcissifileox.
cept, at a risk of loss which prudent men can
not be expected to incur. Important contracts,
involving large expenditures centered into-by
the central government, have been set at de&
ante by the local governments. Peaceful
American residents, occupying their rightful
possessions, have been suddenly expelled the
country in defiance of treaties and by the mere
force of arbitrary power. Even the course
of justice has not been safe from control, and
a recent decree of Miramott permits the inter ,
vention of government In all suits where either
party is a foreigner. Vessels of the United
States have been seized without law, and a
consular officer, who protested against Such
seizure, has been fined and imprisoned for
disrespect to the authorities. Military contri.
buttons have been levied, in violation of every
principle of right, and the American who ref
slated the lawless demand has had his property
forcibly taken away, and has been himself
banished. From a conflict of authority in
different parts of the country, tariff duties,
which have been paid in one place, have been
exacted over again in another place. Large
numbers of our citizens have been arrested and
imprisoned without any form of examination
or any opportunity for a hearing, and, even
when released, have only obtained their liber
ty after much suffering and injury and without
any hope of redress. The wholesale mw-
Caere of Crabbe and his associates, with
out trial, in Sonora, as well as the seizure
and murder of four sick Americans, who
had taken shelter in the house of an Ar:netr
man, upon the soil of the United States, was
communicated to Congress at its last session .
Murders of a still more atrocious character
,have bee committed in the very heart of Max
ie, —un er the authority of Miramon's gov
ernment, during the present year. Some of
these were only worthy of a barberons age,and
r if they had not been clearly proven,would have
i ,eerned impossible in a country which claims
- to be civilized. Of this descrlption was the
s brutal massacre in April last, by order of Gen
I Marquez. of three American physicians, who
were seized in the hospital at Tacubaya, while
t . attending upon the sick and dying of both par
oil ties, and without trial, as without crime, were
Gt-hurried away to a speedy execution. Little
an''osii shocking was the recent fate of Ormond
art 'Ariase, who was shot in Tepic, on the seventh
goo f August, by order of the same Mexican
nun eneral, not only without a trial, but without
h um y conjecture by his friendsof the cause of his
tryir 'est. He is represented as a young man of
e d as d character and intelligence,who had made
Other serous friends in Tepic, by the courage and
are eu anity which he had displayed on several
and his death was unexpect
the cot ig occasions,
the
pe is was shocking to the whole community.
m ei , i 00 , outrages might be enumerated, but these
In all Thcient to illustrate the wretched state of
c onst ant , intry, and the unprotected condition of
dress, b, rsons and property of our citizens in
which tie •
been who these cases, our hilarsters have been
effective and faithful in OLIO& derutimis for re
in referen, ut both they and this goyerninent,
their judgn it' have successively represented, have
b eau b ot h u ill trowerless to nitike their denrands
but a nianir. Their testimony in this respect, and
Ferment of 1./ e to the only , remedy which, in
Minister, in 1 rents, would meet the exigency, has
these wrongs, niform and emphatic. "Noth,trig
universal b a h, elation of the power of the gee .
i „, b e app „h eu‘ he United States," wrote our late
the United `ktai '3(3.1, "and of its purpose to punish
fle cn is can ;e„,„ will avail. I assure you that the
can citizens witt 'f here is that there is nothing
the President" (t dad from the govern ruenuut of
August last, "wit ..es, and that local Mexican Of_
1 .,, alt. Atoms ontragerepcfn A rabri.
1 Congress tbe
military forces of , absolute impunity ''"l hope
call of the constitu t wrote Our preserit Minister) in
to protect the e i t i x ,, ,
11 feel authorized to ask from
the United States. . r to enter Mexico with .the
conferred upon him the United States, at the
ether w ill be respec tiouel authorities, in order
anarchy and die ,,,,i, ins and the treaty rights of
ready perplost„d vii Unless such a power is
as I assured you in m . neither the one nor the
all these evils must Inc red in the existing state of
of order and eovernme, 'r , and the outrages al
country." I have b een , never be chastised,land
same opinion, and in it. , y number twenty-three,
cease until every vestige
men, who have suffered ~
and who may still suffer t nt disappears from this
announce the conclusion t reluctantly led to the
The mew presented, ho nice to my country.
a case of individual clanni wrongs from Mexico,
claims
against Mexico ha born, I feel bound to
large amount, nor is it men ° Congress.
teeth* to the lives and psi *ever , is not merely
although our just
..,
m reached a very
Americans who may still re
although the life and property
lean ci s tizen ought to be seem 4 .Y the ease of pro
revery quarter of the_ world, he xperry of the few
which relates to the future s ea , 'main in Merlin),
present and the past, and wlrk z i , of every Atoer
*
directly at least, the whole subje illy protected in
to Mexico as a neighboring State' tit 3 a guest"
of the power of or rnitod A Well as to the
country to redress the wrongs ax. ' Involves, in
rights of our own citeeek, ta-non et of oueleitity
be desired, helium efficient and ne • The elemle
may thus be rendered at the Same t Ides in that
l
store peace and order to Mexico tat protect the
a the leas to
accomplishment of this result, the re,.
United States must necessarily fee it', 'teary aid
earnest interest. Mexico ought to he; true to re
prosperoue and powerful republic. If. In the
senses an extensive territory, a fertile ; " Tie f the
an incalculable store of mineral wealti d and
occupies an Important posltimp b etw ,, ric and
gulf and the ocean, for trafisWl ,' 6-t ''''be rk" -
Merce. le it possible that such a email mil, and
this can be g . fren up td' starchy and . ' She
without an 'effoet from- any iquarter tot en the
safety. Will the commercial nation, of - "ffi
world, which have so many interests cont eu ry as
with it, remain wholly inditerent to such a 'u ', a,
suit, Clan the United States especially, whi. - ` 3
ought to share most largely in its commeren the
intercourse, allow their Immediate neighbo.
thus to destroy Itself end in i umilleco° Yet with. "l
out support from some qtieheY it irNpossi Me. ''',
to perceive how Mexico can resume 14r posi- "
flan staaag,tationsi, and-enter upon !A career '
which promises arty good results. The aid
which 4e requires, and which the leterests of
all cotnmercial countries require that she
should have it belongs to this government
to render, o f only by virtue of our neighbor
hood to Mexico, along whoselerrithry we
I have a continuous frontier of nearly a tEousand
1 miles, but by "virtue, also, of our established
policy, which is inconsistent with the inter
vention of any European power in the do
mestic concerns of that republic .
The wrongs which we have suffered from
Mexico are before the world, and must deeply
impress every American citizen. A govern
ment which is either unable or unwilling to re-
I dress such wr2ngs, is derelict to its highest du
ties. ThetiMculty 'consists ins selecting and
i l enforcing The remedy We may in vain apply
to the constitutional government et VAra Olruz,
although it is well diefimm.d. to do us juS4ce, for
1 adequate redress. Whilst its authority is ac. knowiedged 'iii all the important ports and
throughout the sea coasts of the Republic, its
1 power does not extend to the City of. Mexico
land the States in its vicinity, where nerylylill
1 tbe recent outrages have helm commated, on
American citizens. We mu, pepetre into
the interior before we can rest!) the E ndeni,
and this can only be done by passing rough
f 3
the territory in the occupation of the constitu
twin* government. r Th m
e t ost acceptable and
liaut'diffieult mode o f
liecerephltilbg the object,
will be to act in concert with that government.
Their consent and their aid might, I believe,
be obtained; hut if not, our obligation to pro,
tact our own citizens in their just rights, se.
cured by treaty, would not be the less impera
tive ' Poe thewereatorts, F reeotomend to Con
gress to pass a law, authorizing the President,
under such conditions as they may deem expe
dient, to entploy a sufficient military forte to
enter Mexico, forthe purpose of obtaining in
demnity foethe past, iendseeurity for future.
I purposely refrain from any sug nal to
whether this force shall consist of regular troops
or volunteers, or both. This question may be
most appropt4stely le to the decision of Con
_grass. I maid JaierelY observee,, that ehcibld
volunteers les selected, such liforee %old his.
easily raised in this country, atooligie who
sympathise with the sufferings of our unfe
nate fellow eitliens in Mexico, and wit°
unhappy condition .or thatlEa public:
on to the forces of 'the ear
e:nalent would enable it - won I
f ' 1t2t 4 14. 9 =4
ae
reason to doubt the,
zone would be sari
obtained for the inji
The constitutional
evinced as. • • des
might be , i n
treaty.
It may be d I
least indirec
and settled icy nt
tic concerns of forei,
the present case fairly constitute an exception
An adjoining republic is in a state of anarchy
and from which she has-
i =
wholly unable to extricate herself; she is entirely
destitute of the power to maintain peace upon
her borders or to prevent the incursions of
banditti tiro our territory. In her fate, her
fosegnie auckten pose4o ettatdiexplote
tacit a settled govermnfft,Wii ee r
interest, son ipliy*conly,tiolippliticarly,
than any other nation. 185 e is now a wreck
upon the ocean, drifting about as she is impel
led hp differene.fac*as. M-e good iseigbh2r,
shall we not extend to her a bi . iilpipihand to lave
Merelt seed o p• - riet, wpoppe
ld- hem •
should some ther nation un - orzlartil d
and thus force us to - interfere at last under cir
cumstancee lififffeliiityl for the
maintenance of our established . policy.
I repeat MIS reecitnizieedititin : `eontained in
my lilt tut - noel mess*, that authority may be
gi ten -to' this ,Ilfresident to establish muter noire
temporary military posts across the Mese:an
line in Sonora and Chihuahua, where these
may be necessary to protect the lives and peep
arty of American and Mexican citizens against
the incursions and depredations of the Indians,
as well as of lawless royers in that remote re
gion. The establiehment of one such post, at a
point called Arlepe, in Sonora, In a. country
now almost depopulatedby the hostile inroads
of the Indians from our side of the line, would,
it is believed, have prevented much injury and
many cruelties during the past season. A. state
of lawlessness and violence prevails on that
distant frontier. Life and property are there
wholly insecure. The population of Arizona,
now numbering more than ten thpusanci souls,
are practically destitute of government, of Lairs,
or of any regular administration of justice.
Murder, rapine, and other crimes are cummit
ted with impunity. I therefore again call the
attention of Congress to the necessiteor estab
lishing a territorial government over Arizona.
The treaty with Nicaragua, of the 16th
February, 1857, to which I referred in my
last annual message, failed to receive the rat
ideation of the government of that repute
lie, for reasons which I need not, enumerate.
A similar treaty has since been concluded be
tween the parties, bearing date Ifit z bi March,
1859, which has already been ratified by the
I Nicaraguan Congress. This will be immedi
ately submitted to the Senate for their ratifi
cation : its provisions cannot, I think, fail to
i be acceptable to the people of both countries.
Our claims ageing the governments of' Costa
Rica and Nicaragua remain unredressed, al
though they are pressed in an earnest manner,
land not without Dope of soccer, I deem it
to be my duty once more earnestly to recom
rnend.to Congress the peasge of s e law mithor
sing the President to employ .the reiesd . force
at his command for the purpose . cS,Peollt z ing
the lives arid property of A.Hisemeti the
passing in trausitnaeross the . I !fteetiljet, hears,.
guan and . Tehuautepec routes, t.iNde.o4
and lawless outbreekstsand der* j
-I
skull not repeat the argeet empiOi in Or.
mer messages in suppor t' this uteesurie she.
floe it to say that the lives co ,any of Mir ,peeede,
and the security of vast a. -unto of Ireasire
musing and re-passing over ee or more of •
these routes, between the Alla& and Pacific,
may be deeply involved in the of Con
gress on this subject.
I would also again recommend'ufTongress
that authority be given to the Pre, lent to
employ the naval force to protect American
merchant vessels, their crews and cargoes,
against violent. and lawless seizure and confis
cation in the ports of Mexico tied the Spanish
American states, When tbese countries may be
in a disturbed and revolutionary condition.
The mere knowledge that such an authority
had been conferred, as I helve already stated,
would, of itself in a great degree, prevent the
evil. Neither would this require any addi
tional appropriation for the naval service. The
chief objection urged against the grant of this
authority is, that Congress, by conferring it,
would violate the Constitution; that It would
be a transfer of the war-making, 'or, et Ictly
speaking, the war-declaring power, to tbe Exe
cutive. If this were well founded, it would, of
course, be conclusive. A very brief exatnens-
Son, however, will place this objection at rest.
Cowes possesses the sole and exclusive power
under the Constitution to declare war. They
alone can rase and support armies and provide
and maintaip a eavy. Rut after Congress shall
have declared war, and provided tit's' force
necessary to carry it on, the President, as ceel
atander-in-chief of the army tied navy, can
alone employ this force ip making war against
the mousy. This is the plain langoays, and
history proves that it less the well knOttonin
tention of the frnmere of the constitutioh.
It will not be denied that the general power
to declare war is without limitation, and em
braces within itself Rot only what writers on
the Law of Nations term a pullic or per
fect war, but also an imperfect war, and in
short every species of hostility, however cons
fined or limited. 'Without the authority of
Congress, the President 'cannot fire a hostile
gun in any case,. except to repel the attacks of
an enemy. It "will not be doubted, that
undiir this power, Congress could, if they
thought proper, authorize the President to
employ the form at his command, to sei,e a
vessel belonging to an American citizen,
which has been illegally employed and captur
ed in a foreign port and restore to its owner,
but can Congir only act after the fact—after
the mischief as been done? !grave they not
power to con ex upon the ' resident' the au
thority in advance to furnish instant redress,
ehould such a case afterwards occur' Must they
wait until the mischief has been done, and can
then ap ply the remedy, only when it is too
late? u confer this authority, to meet future
' cases under circumstances strictly spetific, is as
clearly within the war declaring power es such
an authority conferred upon the President by
act of Congress lifter the deed has been done.
In the progress of a great nation many exi
gencies must raise, imperatively reiutrieg that
Congress should authorize the President to act
promptly on certain conditions which may
not afterward arise. Our history has already
presented a number of such cases. I shall refer
only to the latest.
Linder the resolution of June 2nd, 1858, for
Ithe adjustment of ilielculties with the republic
of Paraguay, the President is aufhorized to
adopt such measures and use such force as till
his judgment may be necessary and advisable,
.o the event of a refusal of just malefaction by I
ithe Government of Paraguay. *jut sistisfac
coe. • lion for whet For the attack on the IT. S.
she, teenier Water Witch and other matters refer-
In to in the anneal meseage of the President.
con ft ere the power is expressly granted; upon the
V &net. ition that the Government of pmesiguay
happe II refuse to render this just satlifliition.
most end other similar cases, Congress have
declare
erred upon the President power in ad
tingentl
to employ the army and navy upon the
red upoz •ning of contingent future events , and this I
guay, ertainly is embraced within the power to
psfse of p war. Now, if WS donditional and con.
American power could be constitutionally confer
be ' vio l a 1 the President in the case of Para
dyer 'y ll not lie conferred for the pur
pie, or es ro.te#ing the lives and preperty of
a foreign ees, in. the event Smalley may
der the n 'lay and wilawfially 'attacked in pass
protect,,i).•:.fie transit routes to and from Califor- .
j ean g r get died teftlie seiitsreof•thelr vessels in
jec.iiee Aflnylhts power le to roe-
The Ti in ji kindlegree, ttsigess, for the
sted eirepertrof. Amer
third day . ttunefles' • vehete peither pro
passed the
cats be otheetviee"obtained.
service of 4. ".
thellscal.y • - Fffth Congress terminated on the
This act alt , March, witheet having
supply deficit staking .approprietioes Joe the
age ee D emb • 'oet ,Office Aarthseis t during:
June,lB6ll..J. h ecling the • flPth ,]ono, 1860..
since .tbe origi ntained qn eppropriation to
mare Wad severs . in the revflreSel 9f the Post
the year ; eedifigthe 80th•
went out of ex, for,
all the general ap t thatehielathi4mtlnetance
carry on they the federal gorewinelif, now
period for the met *Ars &ipso/shoo !Lei - Ceti grew
This event impass. ce without. luerjeg reused
Hattori s ac to
Had elit e oesissioess... ,
- t until the regular
...
ltrst session ot the of a n ew' Conerleas•' --
the ezecutivelt grave
would •e been pit
ins . ,
mted choice,o.f evils.
au'• . •• tt ,
,is !out duty occurred et the
4
,ften at the I'
any
-Ste)
lay
appropriation s for the decal y
30th June next, there woai
reason of pressing importance
• ertnrsersion.- -- Nottiing woin
con tracts,4ose i rvijh ritihroin,
excepted,' for • ceiryingl . .k?
Ana quarter of the pre..nt •
mencing on the let of Jul ,
of Decembgrk• less , than ..is , ,
fore tithe* Mulling jot ilikA tili
Thh""iiiion Ilt that' tee" niii
for this, the current year, did
their first grunter% Serviee ii - s'
ofi (September.' lase and, ,by t'.
their their contracts, sixty dace more tik , ••..
the-settlement of - their accounts; It' ,;
~ •
partMeot .cdtad" Nl' Called upon'
Tha.x•nat..diffAcitli.Y.. and. the feriV- ... . 7
consistitA, in the ftelore,:to provid4 ' ~
went ofifie deitiCieliteS , In thfeWeekt. :.
the 30 th_June,,Mili The IspWitili,.— ' -
tared into contracts ,.- in ai - e'-‘ - ' , i i
laws,,. or the eervice of that &et, ~,,,.
contractors were fairly eatillgote4
petnation as•it became due. The dip •
stated in the bill, Amounted to $3,1411 4
after a,carefull settlemeot of 111 theal
it has been ascertained that i u 7
296,009. With the scanty me, at'. ,
4.4
wand, the Postmaster General h,. 4 e
pay that portion of this deecienc
curred in the first two qua. -- - - "ers of ii,
cal year, endfag 'on the 81sTsDecembe
In the meantime the contractors U"
underthese tryingcircumstances, hair,
in a matter worthy of all- rommet,
They had one resource in the midst r,
embarriosments. After the amount
each of them had been ascertained and
settled according to law this became a s
debt of record against the United States, i
enabled them to borrow money on this us
able security. I Still "triply were obliged Li
interest in consequence of the default of
gress, and on every principle of 'justice o
to receive interest from the government.
interest should commence from the date is
a warrant would have issued for the payts
of the principal had an appropriation b.,:
made for this purpose.- Calculeted - upi
Ist of December, it will not exceed s 9 di;
1 a sum not be taken into account W.
contrasted with the great difficulties and e
barrassments of a public and private detract
both with the 'people and the States whi,
would have resulted from convening and holi
ing a special session of Congress.
For these reasons I recommend the
of an act at as early a 'day as may be prectMare...
to provide for the payment of the aniotint,with,;-•
interest, due to these last mentioned contrite.
tors,as well as to make the necessrry aopropria- -
priations for the services of the Post Mee
Department for the current fiscal year. The-fail-
,_
' lire M . pass ' the 'Post Office bill necessarily gives i•
-birth to seriousrefieetion. OrtugTeat. ;by, .reflts
log to-palia.the general approprietion bills nee
cessary to carry on the government, may Dot
only arrest its action,but might destroy its eito
istence. The army, 'thenavy, the judiciary, in
stedrt.:EVers. deliartuteht of' the government can
mo tongerperform their functions if Corigrein re
fuse tins Lwow : necessary for their support.
Ir this failure shoiild teach the country the
necessity of electing a full Congress in suing
cleat time to enable the .Prteident to eouvene
them in any emergency, even iduimikiielY
after the old Congress has expired, it will have
been productive of great good. In 1 'time
of sudden and alarming danger, foreign or dos
mastic, which- all nations must expect to en.
counter in their progress, the very salvation
of oar institutions may be staked upon the as.
serubling of Congress without delay. Itimder
suck circumstances the Pmidept should' find
himself in the condition in which he was fills*,
at the close of the Wet congress, WitkilY
half the States of the Union destitute of eaf
t rep
resentatives, the consequence' might; be dis
astrous; uthorefore recommend to Congress to
carry into effect the provisions of the clonal
tution on this subject, and to pass it law ap •
pointing some day preirious to the 4th of
March in each year of 'odd - number, for the
election of represehtatives throughout All the 4
States. They have already appointed a day
for the election of electors for, President and
Vice-President, and this measure has been ap..
proved by the country. -
I would again express a most decided opin
ion in favor of the construction of a Pacific
railroad, for the reasons stated in my two last
annual messages. When I reflect upon what
would bethe defenceless condition of out. f3tatesi
and Territories west of the Rocky blountains,
in case of a war with a naval power suf . -
&lenity strong to interrupt all iptercotirse
with them by the route across the lilthmos,
I am still more convinced thap Inter of
the vast Importance of this railroad. 4
have never doubted the constitutional compe
tency of Congress to provide - for its construe..
tion, but this is exclusively under the war mak
ing power, besides, the Constitution•exPressly
requires, as an insperativedety, that:the Uni
ted States shall protect each of the- States
against invasion. I am at, a loss to.conceive
how this protectionian be afforded UV etZfor
nis and Oregon against such a naval power by
any other means. I repeat the opinion con
tained in my last annual message that if would
be inexpedient for the govertimentto under
take this great work by agents of its own ap.
pointment, and under its direct and exclusive
control. This would increase the patronage
of the executive to a dangerous extent, and
would foster a system of jobbing and cor
ruption which no vgilance on the part of -fed
eral officers could prevent.. •
The construction of this road opgtL there- '4
fore to be entrusted to incorporated companies,
or other agencies, who 'would exercisers that
active and vigilant supervision over it.whieh
can be inspired alone ay a sense of corporate
and individual interest. I venture to assert
that the additional cost of transporting troops,
munitions of war, and necessary suppli es for
the army, acme.s the vast intervening plains to
our possessions on the Pacific. coast, would be
greater in such a war than the whole amount
required to construct the road. Arid yet' this
resort would after all be inadequate for their
defence and protection. We haveyet scarcely
recovered Rom the habits of extravagant ex
penditure produced by our - hverflowitrg treasu
ry during several yeart prior to thecommenee.
meat of my administration.' - The- ftnahthal
reverses which we have since experienced
ought to teach us all to scrutinize oarexpendi
tures with the greatest v4flance, imdttilreduce
them to the lowest possible point. - Thi, Ames
ntive departments of the government have
devoted themselves to the accomplishment of
this object' with considerable stiettatal'as will
appear from their differentrepdrta- and esti
mates. To these 1 . invite this* ot • of-Pop
grass, for the purpose of reduci .. -1 em still
Tower, if is bracticable, Con rnt ith
the great p th ublic e
int p erests' of the colititryl w In
aid of the policy of retrendidient, I pledge my
self to examine closely thlla appro p riating
lands Or money, so that if ef these should
11
Inadvertently pass both lib ,"atiettfteit some
times be the case, I may &lir& thetoisn oppor
tunity for reconsideration ; at Ail same time,
we ought 'never to forget that ''Srue public
economy consists;ttnt in withholding the means
- necessary to accomplish important national ob
jects confided 'to us by the Constittltioit • but
In taking care that the money appropriated for
these purposes shall be faithfully Sitairtrugally
expended.' It wilt 1 4;0661 . 44.9m the &report ot'
the Secretary of ttaPai l eabinn'y, that 414 - s ex
treMely doubtful, tbetiy theteast'e r we
shall be able to lima thrOugh'tifelirettetelsead the
next fiscal year Withbut 4 firchildivg -tidditional
„p
reverunti This can only beitecomptiabed by
strictly - confining the appropriation - 1r -within
the estimates of the different'Aepir4rnenta,
'without -making an &Rowan& ilirrAnYildflitioe
isT etexpenditures,*tack' •Congitia lay •S
' think -
proper in their IBM - retie° to; - anthbifae, and .
'fth6ut prOviditig.forthe redemption of any
portion of , tfur 20,000;000r- of 'trees cry notes
which have lietsify issued. In the event
be iddlir e , hich I considsg probable,this
tia3tv 4 ,
ought never to be supplied by almtiort to addl.
tiontil basins. •
• it• Would' ibe a ruinous .pracsice, in the visurtiof peace
an& perity Ingo on tnentest eg the debt to
theordinary espenses of,the goys t. This
polfcY worill cripple our retsftreei , kitia our
iv r.
credit, in case the existence of muOiedubt der It
necessary toibultroganfillleY• .1. - .' 'it* , !l.
Shoe/of tech a dencseney..oceor is apprehend,
woolreomend that fheinecesteubtrevAnn e be raised
Inv anitunakseriof our. preseiikirttieitaii4mpot a . I need i
4xlit.the.tripAziNvimiArketrAlast minus!
- t ai l to e peel, n 'see fuovineetier of accent
the otj a ..., imotemenel'frobserve that
- ye stem rindergerueno cinnee,i,
P 'portuf the Secrataiy ottkie Trpasery wfl.l ex-
fatal] the o retain; of Mid department of the
'ec fte ttectthe 'Newel, from all
imftitherition.yesetathwatith nue, nue,
hti.iniw itti itr e prtheigaoritth June,
.- 1 forma o nAtesitittiorishrt by ex
-
' mum tennolivith the
-imam resnalateeMshat- at the
...,.!% 410 4ra1,,
it 0 , Mutsu* ~...,
• - -