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'r' ' 1 St, ~.,.''',,,,. '' 3 ,:. ' , ' . ~- , • - , ~ 3 .: -.4 ` ~.:., 3 3. , .., ' l4 - - .: ' •tt ''', . 4 _ -, ' ' , ~ , - • , '... '.:•••'.. - -,H - • 3 - - • ..,' - . ' e;" ESSEN! _ ~t~- >rt~ ;:`; ` -.~.~, ...~` ffi . _' r _ .. .: ~ ;'may' _ _ the Pail!) Yost. WEDNESDAY MORNING JUDGE BLACK'S OBSERVATIONS Pursuant to promise, we give the first part of Attorney General Black's observations, in reply to Senator Douglas' Essay. As a part of the politics of the country, it should be care fully perused and calmly considered. We shall give the concluding observations of Judge Black in to-morrow's Pool, and the entire ar gument will be published in our Weekly pa per for the present week. The length of this article, together with the favors of our adver tising friends, have some what curtailed our space to-day. All the important news, how ever, will be found on our first page. THE INSURRECTION AT HARPER'S PERRI 't'he great topic of discussion yesterday was the abolition and negro riot at Harper's Ferry. There has been bloody work there. The mad attempt to take and retain poses sion of the Government property has of course proved abortive. We give the par ticuiars received up to the hour of going to press upon our first page. NEWS BY THE NORTH BRITON All the six plenipotentiaries were present at the Zurich Conference on the id inst. It is as serted that a treaty of peace will be signed in a few day, The London Times has another sharp article on the San Juan difficulty-; it rejoices at Gen. Scott's mission to the Pacific, and trusts in a peaceful Eolution of the question. Kossuth has written a letter expressing the keenest grief at the Villafranex arrangement. He says his convictions are strengthened by the events of the war, that Hungary will yet be free. The Great Eastern was to make her trial trip from Portland on October 8, and if suc cessful, was to leave for America Oct.. 20. There are a great variety of rumors respect log a French expedition to China. The latest intelligence that operations are suspended, and the project likely to break down. The war in Italy seems not likely to be set tled satisfactorily without more fighting. Marshal Neil, on joining the troops at Tou louse, issued an order of the day which was construed into en admission that peace was not likely to he long maintained. The London Herald's Paris correspondent says nothing is heard on every side but prepa rations for war. Active measure of defense are in prOgreas at the ports. Gem Canrobert and the Duke of Magenta have resumed command in their respective military districts. 20,000 French troops'are on the frontiers of Morrocco. The Sardinian government had sent a circu lar to the various governments of Europe, for cibly setting forth the arguments in favor of a strong and independent kingdom in Upper Italy ; sufficiently strong to keep in check the domineering tendencies of Austria. It is asserted that the. Pope, on hearing the answer the King of Sardinia gave to the depu tation from the Romagna, ordered that the Sardirtian Minister at Rome shall be tendered his passports ; and it is further reported that at the news of the cessation of all intercourse between Rome and Piedmont, a cousin be sen Swiss and neutral stations took place tat Cattolica. The Sardinian journals speak of an ip.surr,..c tionary movement having shown itself at Pa lermo The Paris corrupondent of the London Time.: says the Italian atfair3 are appr,,aehing a crisis, and refers to the circular ~f the Sar dinian government, and quotes the order of the day, just issued by General Falai, the C,llll inander in Chief of Central Italy, who prom ises that the tri-color of Italy, preceded by the old cr0.1.: of Savoy, will procode them in the fresh battles, and will forever free Italy from the stranger. Garibaldi has also issued an address, i;urn waning the Italians of the Legations to artne. A collision is shortly expected, and some thinl it will be produced by the Papal troops itwad ing Roniagna. It was rumored in Paris that the Cuiriese anti-European movement had extended itself to Ctahin-China and Japan. DEATH OF HON. JOHN Y. MASON. THE AMERICAN MINISTEII TO FRANCE. We learn, by the arrival or the North Briton at Farther Point, that the Hon. John Y. Ma -son, our 'Minister in Paris, died in that city on the 4th inst., of apoplexy. Without being a remarkably brilliant man, Mr. Mason has filled several important politi cal positions at home andabroad. He was born in Virginia, graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1816, from which institution he received the degree of L. L. D.; adopted the profession of law, and was a Judge, of the District Court of Virginia; he was a representative in Congress from Virginia from 1831 to 183 i; a member of President Tyler's Cabinet, as Secretary of the Navy ; a member of President Polk's Cabinet, first as Attorney General, and secondly aaSecretary of Navy and we! appointed by President Pierce Minister to France, in which position he was continued by President Buchanan till the day of his death. Several years ago, after his arrival in Paris, Mr. Mason had a paralytic stroke, from which it wasrsaid he had fully recovered, but it was, it now appears, the premonition - of the final attack of which he died on the 4th inst.-- National Democratic Committee, WASHINGTON, OctOber 16, 1869. The following call has just been issued for a meeting of the National Democratic Commit tee : . WASHINGTON, October 15, 1859 -- • • At the emocratic Presidential Convention, assembled - In - jute, 1856, at Cincinnati, it was resolVO' - thai the Democratic Convention to nonllitiCtMa, 'candidate for the Presidency be held in the city of Charleston, and that the time of 'holding the Berne be designated by the Democratic National Committee. That the duty. imposed upon that Committee may be discharzed, the undersigned recommend that a meeting of the members of the Committee be held - in the city of Washington, at ten o'clock, A. m., of Wednesday, the 7th of December ext. DAVID A. SMALLEY, Chairman. Gnottor,. C. L. VALLAWDIGHAM, Secretaries. StiLits HassEn, The folloving named gentlemen compose the above committee , 31 ninIcam - 34bson. Georige. Vermont-D, A,smasey I s2 ET.. e ill=otter. Conn.-J. T. Pratt. N. Y.-Augusttle Schell. Penn.-C. L. Ward. Md.-41 Carmichea]. I :irginia-Wm.H. Clark. Carolum-T., .DVDowell. S. Carbffna-B. H. Wilson -a-W. K. DeGmfrenreid. Alabama-Henry T. . Mississippi—W. R. Citnnon. La.—T. E P. Cottntan. Ohio—C. L. Va w.. dwell. Tenn.—R. ArGareck. Irbautt—Jas. R. Elack. Illinots—Jarnetil - Dyer. Arkansas—Albert Rust itlichtgan—James Beeson. Florida--A. E. Maxwell. Texas—W. J. Oldham. lowa — Wm..Thompson. Wisconsin-.-Geo. b. l l .3mlth. Cal.—Elarnuel R Rosh Rev. Da- C.i.nttr„- a distinguished Irish Roman Catholic divine, is about to visit America and to lecture on Astronomy through the country. ALREADY are persons buiy circulating• the report that the Secretary of War, owing to delicate 'health, will supersede Mr. Mazda, and that Oliarles J„..Zaulkner will takt' Floyd'a . place,as,Secretary of War: OBSERVATIONS SENATOR DOUGLAS' OCT. 19 POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, AS EXPRESSED IX HARPERS' MAGAZINE FOR SEPTEMBER, 1559. Every one knows that Mr. Douglas, the sen ator from Illinois, has written and primed an elaborate essay, comprising thirty-eight col umns of Harper's Magazine, in which he hrs undertaken to point out the o dividing line be tween federal and local authority." Very many persons have glanced over its paragraphs to catch the leading ideas without loss of time, end some few have probably read it with care. Those who dissent from the doctrines of this paper owe to its author, if not to his argu ments, a most respectful answer. .Mr. Douglas is not the man to be treated with a disdainful silence. His ability is a fact unque:dioned ; his public career, in the face of many dd a d vanta ges, has been uncommonly successful . and hr• has been fur many rears a %corking, struggling candidate for the Presidency. lled , ,tnoreovor, the Corvpheus of his political sect--the founder of a ncw zchool—and his disciples naturally be lie% e in the infallible verity of his word, as part of their faith. The style of the article some respects, highly commendable. It is entirely free from the vulgar clap-trap of the stutop, and has no vain adornment of classical scholarship. But it shows no sign of the eloquent Senator : it k even without the logic of t h e great debater Many portions of it are very oh-cure. It ,rein ,, to be an Unsu ceess I ul effort at legal preei.don;like the writing of a judge, who it trying in % ain to give good reasons fur a wrong decidon on a question of lass- which he has not quite mas tered. With the help of Messrs. Seward and Lin coln, he has defined accurately enough the platform of the so-called Republican party and ho does not attempt to conceal hi.: convic tion that their doctrines are. in the last degree, dangerous. They are, most assuredly, full of evil and saturated With iniq•hi , •f: Thu , pressihle conflict which they bp.,k so much pleasure between the '• and enduring forces of the Northern and South ern States, will be fatal, not niereiy to tho peace of the country, but to the e istence. , l the Gov ernment itself. Mr. Douglas know' , this. and Le knows also, that the Democratic party, is the only power which is, or eau , be. organized to resist the Republican fu roc. or opp.,, their hostile march upon the eapitai 11, ,elei di % ides and weakon6 ~ f 04,111utre at such a crisis in her I.,rttine:. msurn, ,ory grace rrsponsibilit D.ugla: - . , sop:Jr:o,, t 1,,,, into thr. , UTI , I Livserib, 1,1 :0 f,.H 1.,w9 - t:llllc.l.,(fat II; I 44 Ow e , olAi It u 1 1 , ,, q I,erft,•th tr,t. ro,t . ulAct 0.• institution. 111,1 z n.. 111 .1. "nsfitutluu of the L'utte.l,nit..- .-4.ab1i...111, .I.ILN en' T1 . 1,11 , 41 , T, I,LI I , (ram. 6,1112:1,54 MILI OLP . I' ,- Tnt u, • . 1 1 . to ekooror It. to,•I o to, At. 1,, • il( , 11 r.mi L.-rlllAture .tlit - T ;..+ prof ec ,: •ILLE...-Nit.,.• -11:T, .I I • t,, YISI,I L. P. F,. Tht , i I tole ; r to the CotlEtliunon ond the po‘‘er of k ongre. , ;;; lb , Ter, I tture O . th At tile ndini Nuo:4,r , the duty • z t:onete,- -r, ,`"ft• motet thilt It IS tlo , laty of the 11.11...nr 1. , 1.1 Jteet nonntaln .l-iver, In Inn fprr- n the t \Ve give Mr. .1),H.,;;1a, ti,. n;. 1 ,1 -f 1,, cwn ,tatoment . I ~1 hich. , IHttirl the harmony, al - .41 thr.ntten tho it.tve,;tty, the American 11:mr,oran The , , therefore. I, Itt,,t crin , fttP, erect. The fir , . th,• ~ne t.• Nem, 1 belongs, and to hotli the other- 10. i• ..inane opposed He 100 ru:1111,, ( ou, tn.!, •. 7. ti, second and t bird la , - If the r, which he speaks -f 7or ot i• opponent tt is their hosine,, tad l t it or tight it out tier.. for. ourselves to the dismit. Mr I and his follower= 'Pa tilt. PP!, t./In. I, ,1"..! rest of the Democratic party i.restuning that he will be to • the principle of non-int , r• • nti. .r a‘: a. ith whi,h Le has n., ••rn \V., will invert the order i a ill( Is 1,.. 1( ta,(nl the subj , -,.t, and enden. ,, • I. • Thut ha:, not , Si, doctrine held ro so ar:d That his uwn 01((s0-1,-,19. , !11'.-11 IP' [pi -elf, arc ultogothor a ns( , ;(nd I. He sap that a certain portion 01 tho Ulo,4!flit4s . party believe. IPT Its !WI, , •-• Oita rP/14,ti1441/4.Pra the Territories, and inset that it is ti,, .liity .f the judiciary to maintain it tit. re • on the subject. oot any intention to 1,,• u nf a ir , tad t, r u„, us , its . has in tact ‘.11.• Wrong to, prottanik tiiin.d.loll , . 4 , r the party, by at te nii ,ti ng . put theut nt. i t :, •((, (As winch t boy for theinselye., The Constitution certainty :301 • •((i(i•../i slavery in the Territorie, nor any Nobody in this couritr% ever thought -r so. But the Constitution 7,•ltnr(l, a_ -a, r ed and inviolable all the right, Wilk], may legally acquire is a - , ,tat. It a n13(1 It. - quires property .1 all "LW , . an-1 goes with it into a Territory, he I, i 0.4. 1 7 'l,ns to Ire -t r ipped ,f it ttar - Ilnln,. 34441 1/121 1 / 1 that the legal ~ w ner ‘ , l sdaye or other with is ;7,10 n roderal Territory a tto.ot , (rfoil out I( • Lai , Who denies the truth (.(f this, what ground can it be eontr,, , ,erted , The rea•-•,m which support it aro very ob. and ~ • r:. conclmive. As a juries a n d ..tatestuali, Douglas ought to be Ills, ith then., and there was a time when h.. NAY -] 1,0 nf.- derstand them very well. We is ill bried y him a few of them, 1. It is an axiomatic principle of !midi,. law,- that a right of giropertv, a private relatiO'n, condition or satusnawfully os onitsigtitto Or country, is not changed by the more remo val of the parties to another country, the law of that other country be in direct conflict with it. For instance: A marriage 1..ga11:, solemnized in France is binding in America. children born in Oen - rainy are legitimate here if they are, legitimate there and a luorn•hala who buys goods in New York according to the laws of that State may carry then. to Illinois and hold them there under hi, contra.-t. It i, precisely so With the :dab, f a Iwgrovarri.,l from one part of the United &ate, to another —the question of his frootiont or , ervitude de. pends on the law of the place wh ere h e „„ u „• from, and depends on that alone, if their be r, conflicting law at the place to which he goes or is taken. The Federal Constitution there fore recognizes slavery as s legal , ndition wherever the local governments have . Loser, to let it stand unabolished, and regards it a.• illegal wherever the laws of the place have for. bidden it. A slave being property in Virginia remains property and tits master has all the rights of a Virginia master wherever he may go, so that be go not to any place where the lo cal law comes in conflict with his right. 'lt will not be pretended that tit! Constitution it self furnishes to the Territories a conflicting law. It contains no provision that can be tor tured into any semblance of a prohibition. 2. The dispute 'On the question is licther slavery or freedom is local or general, is a mere War of . words. -The black race in-this coun try is neither bond nor free by - virtue of. - itny general law. That portion of it which it free, is free by virtue of some local regulation, and the slave owes service for a similar reason. The Constitution and laws of the United States simply declare that everything done in' the premises by the State governments is right, and they shall be protected in carryingit out. Jut free negroes and slaves may both And themselves - o utsi d eofan, yStatejurisdietion,andin aTerrito ry where no regulation has yet been made on the subject. There the Constitution is equally im partial .' It neither frees the slave nor enslaves the freeman. It requires both to remain in statu quo untilthe statusalready impressed upon them Dy.thelaw of their previous domicil shall be changed hr.:some 'tompeten t local authori ty. What is .competent local authority in a Territory will be elsewhere considered. 3. Thee Federal Constitution carefully guards the rights of privateproperty against the Fed eral Government itself, 1•, - declaring that it shall not be taken for public use without com pensation, nor without due process of law. .daces are private property, and every man who has taken an oath of fidelity to the Con stitution is religiously, morally, and politically bound to regard them as such. Does anybody suppose that a Constitution which acknowledg es the sacredness of private property. so fully, would wantonly destroy that right, not by. any ,words that are found -in it, but by mere im plication from its general, principles ? It might as well be asserted thatthe'general prin ciples of the Constitution gave Lane and Mont zomery a license to steal horses in the valley of the - Osage: - , . 4. The Supreme Court of the United States .7" has decided the question. After solemn argu ment and careful consideration, that august tribunal has announced its opinion to be that a elavehulder, by going into a Federal Territory, does not lose the title he had to his negro in the state front which he came. In former times, a question of constitutional law once de cided by the Supreme Court was regarded as settled by all, except that little band of ribald infidels who meet periodically at Boston to blaspheme the religion, and plot rebellion against the law, of the country. The leaders of the so-called Republican party have lately been treading close on the heels of their aboli tion brethren; but it is devoutly to be hoped that Mr. Douglas has no intention to follow t led r f to ease he is eleeted President le must see the' laws faithfully executed. Does he think he can keep that oath by fight ing the judiciary ? The legislative history of the country , howi that all the great statesmen of former times entertained the same opinion, and held it firmly that they did not even think of any “ther. It was universally taken for granted that a slave remained a slave, and a freeman a freeman, in the new Territories, until a change as made in their condition by sonic positive enactment. Nobody believed that a slave might act have been taken to and kept in the Northwest Territory if the ordinance of 1787 or some other regulation had not been made to prohibit it. The Missouri restriction of 1820 wan imposed solely because it was understoood (probably by every member of that Congress) that, in the absence of n restriction, slave prop rte would ho a, lawfil I in the eye of the Con •ti tution ah,e3ll , :-;11', a, below; and all agreed that the mero ata.ativa of a restriction did, in laot, make it lawful below the compromise It i• right to learn wi•eloin from our one , l'ho.ltepublioans do not point to any provision of the l'oristituticai, nor to nuc general principle embraced in it, nor to any established rule of law, which sustains their views. The ablest men among them sro driven by Strl'S, of necessity to hunt for ar goalenti: in a code utiri-vealetb unwritten, and undefined, which they put above the Constitu tion or the Bible, anti call it "higher law." The ultra atmlitioni•ts of New England do not deny that the l'onstitution is rightly interpre ted 'by the I)emocrats, as net interfering against shivery in the Territories; but, they disdain to obey what the.' pronoun.'' to be • an agree ment with death anti a covenant with hell." \V hat dal \I r. mean when he proposed and voted for the l(ansas-Nebraska repealing Missouri restriction 7 hid ht. intend lo Southern !nen that notwith -tmoding the repeal 4.f the prohibition, they , •rt. 1.A.L.11.1ed torrritt•ries as touch as eyi•r t.tr did Ile• hot regard the right of a 1/11 meter to hIS slave perfectly good whenever he rid ~f ti, I:rot:Hid:ion ' Did he, or any e 01 that trine, dream that it wa s o,wes• -.ar- to rank:- a positive law ir, favor of the i s bef,we Ire could go there with safe. to 'F. , a.. 1. these rincrtb.his is to answer thew' I,amas-N.lwa-lot Lill tvti , not meant r share It tVa.., well under-food that the :Teal 11/1114L . ~r vet, tv„old thr,,,, the mamtry open to I v. r, tr:hg, , l all the ti Lotion ri•Co;Vii/..`.1 ‘Vi. •• 1111, !J! Vl,l I, hat %,".• Leheye to be the 111fii. , ( , - 11.• id Lv the great body of the I , . • llll.ertlt, .M 1 i::ou,.:v, that. the Federal arstitotior: .1 , -.: not establish slavery any. w hetl amar that it permit.s a 1,1a,k I,•• • 111..• r In 1111,1.• or 11111. h• I f , ••• t It, nl IIK • linil and that irl I,r:c-) a i tI,. 141,j14:t .•1,1, It both tie slat, had h• .I 1 • hi retid i••P It. ,11. i.uui It situ: I•t• rLunre,l Lc eourpe. i... arrthorit 11 ., ha VA• seen, that thin I 11) •.1 tio thing. by a r,,t prim Tie of puldit law, by the w••rd th: onstitotron. hy a sol•• 11,11 - -..pro 0a• ('ourt • by the m hole , ours', of nor by the r : , noes.d..o of sir •ppetreats. and, filially, h.. the most important ri Inn 't•-• taild II.Ill."r I).,ugln, 111111.,i1 Mr U.alganother absurdity to hecharg, them with hst duly - of the judiciary to prt3tiol rn , lu.lcnta , n•l: ,, err , ntheterritorl••- • •: t Th..,1101!1. at•t. 11 , n11.•tamt •••ilti • .. .1 -.• .•./• it , ii• r, Ir, p..rti. r. t!•.• 1113,-Ir - 114c party Th.. ,•i:t ,t t• it, • ••: - 3 lII+ • /1 1I..• 3 Vt• 3 / th.• .•111.cr.,1 L. 1 , 1.:111 nv4t t.. t 1 .4 lII' IF in I nil,. 1. 11111 , • , r,..1 II MI,: ez,..Hl t ui tl, 1/ rrii/ it it -, / hire I, st h a:.I ItL L,dgv that h.• t- iz , vt lt•.1- :..• I, :tr,y I•si, iii I I NN 1,1.1 ,t ri41.1 z• t train 11 r I trt /I t:1 cl.•ftr 3trrl 1.1- rut , r• rii•airptrA ..o , r pu- , lbtt• axis thing LI It 11//.1,1•161, \I,. 1 ., trarr, c rwrr.!i 9t , tl lihl it I. an- lIIMEI I"' and i,. 1!]. Iltut ossesiitletto• sissy tho ...sobt,ss ot , lavory, rot hoi,o-o it or, but louvo: -st..s. os or} hlssoh nosh . . ;ts rt- In ti,. State., (.o Iry last, tholl ao ti.lllllt, it., for It'll ire hare ;1, (RI the I , litener, 1 , ) hut the or,titution doos ;tot porthit. n itsts,tor L, Siosep laro, or is fro , slogro 1., !luso his liberty. 4 strl_ ~r th, vviiero ;1 , 1. ;nte.i - 1 , 1" 1,. ;,r ,, vent it, then the error 4, •. i 4 -..rst =ME rhe con ,flEl4e, eAtithlLylle, ti .1,1,-77, I,a the Stfit, .1 (.1. lerrit"rtr, the p0we1...) the le ! ially to 471.,111,1 it, Thi is •ittling to Point- \o-Point again. ( course hich i. Ir,vall 1/ controllottl, cannot hi heyniet the power that inintrek it. But the Nrhat leffal control. ant wilt n the people el' a State territory etre it It it T 47 C,,,,tirttow t of lie Undrd States " leaves the eople • perfectly free * and subjeel ..0 5 I.J Ile_ Conshhiti4o 4 Ihe r,,,ted mat,. This tfirrie.: us I - 0111111 ft full circle, and drops 11.1 precisely- at the plaeo of beginning That the conqitution leaves every body subject to th e Con btitution, i.s most true. We are far from denying it We never heard it doubted, and i.,•t we never will. But the fdatement of it prose; nothing. defines nothing and ex plain, nothing it merely darkens the sub ject. a words without meaning always do Put notwithstanding all this circuity of ex.- pre , eion and consequent opaqueness of mean ing in the magazine article of Mr Douglas, we think we can guess what his opinions are or will lie when he comes to reconsider the subject He will admit (at least he will riot undertake to deny) that the status of a negro, whether of , ervitude or freedom, accompanies him wherever he goes, and adheres to him in every part of the Union until he meets s o me local use which change- it. It will al:, I a,greed that the people of a State, through their Legklature,and the people ot . a territory, in the Constitution which they to frame preparatory to their admisssion as a State, can regulate and control tho condition of the subject black race within their respect ive jurisdictions, so as to make them bond or free. But here NVO otne to a point at which opinions diverge Some insist that no citizen can be deprived of his property in slaves or anything else, creep by the provision of a State Consti tution or by the act of a State Legislature ; while others contend that an unlimited control over private rights may be exercised by a Ter ritorial Legislature as soon as the earliest set tlements are made. So strong are the sentiments of Mr. Douglas In favor of the latter doctrine, that if it be n..t established he threatens us with Mr. Sew ard '• irrepressible conflict," which shall end only with the universal abolition or the uni versal dominion of slavery. On the other hand, the President, the Judges of the Sn preine Court. nearly all the Democratic mem ber, nf Cnngre=-, the whole of the party Routh, and a very large majority North, are penetrated with a covietinn that no such pow er is vested in Territorial Legislature, and that those who desire to confiscate private property of nny kind must wait until they got a constitutional convention or the machinery of State- government into their hands. We venture to give the following reasons for be lieving.that Dougias is in error. The Supreme Court has decided that a. Terri. torial Legislature has not the power which he ihrit- That alone ought to be sufficient: r:st — ...• ~:,_~- There can be no law, order-or security for any man's rights, unless the judicial authority of the country be upheld. Mr. Douglas may do what he pleases with political conventions and party platforms, but we trust he will give to the Supremo Court at least that decent respect, which none but the most ultra ttepublicans have yet withheld. Tho right of property is sacred, and the first object of all human government is to make it secure. Life is always unsafe where property is not fully protected. Thii is the experience of every people on earth, ancient and modern. To secure private property was a principal ob ject of %fagna Cliarta. Charles I. afterwards attempted to violate it, but the people ruse upon him, dragged him to the block, and sev ered his head from his body. At a still later period another monarch fur a kindred offence was driven out of the country, and died a fugi tive arid an outcast. Our own Revolution was provoked by that slight invasion upon the right of property which consisted in the exaction of a trifling tax. There is no goveri.ment in the world, however absolute, which would not be disgraced and endangered by wantonly sacri ficing, private property even to a small extent. For centuries past such outrages hr.v'• ei,a,4l`d be committed in Gilles of peace among civilized nations. Slaves are regarded us property in the South ern States. Th.., people of that section buy and sell, arid carry on all their business, provide for their families, and make their wills and divide their inheritances on that assumption. It is manifest to all who know them, that no doubts ever cross their minds about the right fulness of holding such property. They believe they have a direct warrant f.ir it, not only in the examples of the best 111(•n that ever lived, but in the precepts of Divine Revelation itself and they aro thoroughly satisfied that the rela tion of roaster mid slave is the onlv one which ran possibly exist there between the white and the black race without ruining both. Thr people of the North may differ from their fel low-citizens of the South on the whole but knowing, us we . all do, that these senti ments are sincerely and honestly imtertainesl, we cannot wonder that they feel • the most un speakable indignation when any attempt is 'wide to interfere with their rights. 'Phis sen timent results naturally and necessarily from their education and habits of thinking. l'hey cannot help it, any more than ND 'HMI' S( roan in the North can avoid abhorring a thief or housebreaker. The jurists, legislators, and people of the Northern States, have always sacredly respected the right of property in slaves held by their own citizens within their own jurisdiction It is it remarkable fact, very well worth noticing. that DO Northern Butte f•Vf•r :illy law to take a negro from hi, unit-ter. All laws for the abolition of ritvery have operated only on the unborn ile , cendants of the negro race, and the vested right: of roasters have not. been dis• turbed in the North more than in the South. In every nation tinder heaven, civilized, Ferill-barharmi,, or sit vag,e. where slavery has existed in any form at all analogous to ours, the rights ol the masters to the control of their slaves its property 1110 , been respected and on 15,1 4,,,,,j0r, h a s any government k at lho,e rights, eXCUpt as it would ,triki• lit isfl,fr prop er: . Even the British Parliament, when it emancipated the Weot India slaves, though it was legislating for a people three thousand nu o•a nWay, arid not r , •prrneflted, Dever either the legal or the natural right of the:lave • oar. Slaves were admitted bi he property. aod the tiol,r11D11•111. :10 , [1. ,, V10 , 144.• , 1 it by their master-.one hundred t'dollnrs for the prl, Ih'go of setting them free Ilere, then. is a , f,cios tst property will, hi is of transcendent importance to it. material in teritst, of the —which the people -if that '' , 'inn mentor-loz- in the el Cosi and L' . 1,011 111,11 to !odd VAX', 1, sanctioned by tbe general s-ntse of all mankind ha , el; I , ted—Whldi 1,-,.al oDIV n -hoot time r 14.1 in ad the states of the t Mon, and v. it - , then treated a, sa..rust by every -me of t gleam/us - al to the owner ns 1110 eh Other property i. ifUnraritt...ll the I ..itstittititin -and Mr. Douala , : thinks that a Territorial Legislature is competent t o take it awet. 11 c 'at ' , No ; the supreme iegolatiVe pOW, „fit •••ivt-reign state alone con • dejiriVe n Wan of hi= prOp«rt{ . t ill' pnot~nition i.. 50 1 ,1.1 n, .0 sv, t a t, , and WU, no, :isit:44l that nil,' argument in it, favor would be it trier , waste of words Mr Dotlght , J 0.. ., hot deny it, and 11111 , 1 Dot require the dnitisandth part of he *agnri[t to s 51,11 ,m,i.•mod„ I !Sir)), ill' the 'l , •rritP.rinf f :•st e•rifti,••l,l , ri g ht of c•.r.ii tjr:±f NiVnt•• ; , ropert, have !Lli tine. PlNsi „ Ow tiair I,ttfriis.l stEtir-. That , the 151:11•11 lie 111111 k, i,. to . , `rlit t.. 1 e llemo;rn -11151,111• th.'llsll/..:,. 1411 It is 30 entird '.nlikh into thin air so a. ono-. tiP be etatio fled Witllt , l/t II ll:. prop.•rty blevt A Tvrnt,,ritii go% cridiezat 6 ier , *, pros lona; ttle.l total. eretry. It ie created by Con. i;rir..s fur the nevensary pri•serviita, ol ord e r a nd th e purpo,e, of police. The - re, r0.,1 ,i.,r, It are e pre , -ed di the or , ani, net, which i, the charter of it, e‘i,ter“.,.. and wineri !idly lir -haturinl or repealed at the !ha :sore of Coni:re,. ; I n u. tof tlio•r tte•le• the power ha, Lena er, el t o „r the Territorial [au's, and the poiver to repeal thew exist, malnart 'ire!) rerervation This can. ti,serteil in tiee cri-e of Karkuni by (h. , mo,L dr.tinglii,l),l Senator. in the l'erirrre., of The l're-lbent appoint, ti r e Gove r n or , judgyr 11,1 rill ~ 12 00 ',sent is !ILA. For.,vilt.,l for, directly indirectly. ht x'or%res• the the tiirfittiriul are pithd uul of the Federal treasury. The truth 1•, they bit, r, uttribute of ,11, I•rt'i ,:11t tt h ew The , e•ee— htellt:e ott e I:, perior. lint a Territorial h''' Cl • Ft ,aperior in the United Staten tiovernurent, upon whose 1 1 1011l , illrti it to dependent Cur very existence-- in whom It Ii: to, and 111 ,, , and who has made, and tan truti.e it Wito t:L:eut. Where does Oils ft.: en.igll auttroritx to de prive men of their property ("rule frorn This • "O' rt“hOia , 111 transcerelant power, which even despots are caot... about iising, and whieh a constitution al moutirci: I. it g et • mto lee gi.dature'l Surely it does aot front t , not he con tended, that it aceompanie.‘ the settlers, ists in the Territory before its organi;ation, Indeed it is not to the people, but to the gov. eminent of a Territory, that Mr. Douglas say It belongs. Then Congress must gi. e the p o w. er at the same time that it gives the Territorial government. But not a word of the kind is to he found in any organic het that ever was franid. It is thus that Mr. Douglas's arma ment runs itself out into nothing. But if Congress .mold pass a statute i‘spres, ly to give this sort of power to the Territorial governments, they still would not have it ; for the Federal Government itself does not pores any control over moos property in the Terri tories. That :ad/ power does not esist in the Federal Government needs no proof Mr. Douglas admits it fully and - freely It is, be sides, established by the solemn decision of Congress, by the assent of the Executive, and by the direct ratification of the people acting in their primary capacity at the polls. In addi tion to all this, the Supreme Court have delib erately adjudged it to be an unalterable and undeniable rule or constitutional law. This: .9. , llll ,, wlocigernetit that Congress has no power, authority, or jurisdiction over the ,üb ject, literally obiipe, Mr. Douglas to give up his doctrine, or eke to maintain it by atserting, that a power which the Federal Government does not peosSe.a may be given by COltyreSS to the Territorial Clarrra meld. The right to abolish African slavery in a Territory is not granted by the Constitution to Congress it is with held, and therefore the same tic if expressly prohibited. Yet Mr. Douglas declares that Congress may give it to the Territories. Nay: be goes further, and says that thr.ont of the power in Congress is the eery reason why it can delegate it—the general rule, in his opinion, being that Congress cannot delegate the powers it possesses, but may delegate such. " and only such, as Congress cannot exercise under the Constitution I" By turning to pages 520 and 521, the reader will . see that this. astounding proposition is actually made, not in jest or irony, but solemnly, seriously, and, no doubt, in perfect good faith. On this principle, as Congress cannot exercise the power to make an ex post facto law, or a law impairing the obli gation of contracts, therefore it may authorize such laws to be made by the town councils of Washington city, or the levy court of the District. If Congress passes an act to hang a man without trial, it is void, and the judges will not allow it to executed : but the power In do this prohibited thing can be constitutionally given by Congress to a Territorial Legislature. We admit that there are certain powers bestowed upon the General Government which are in their nature judicial or excoutive. With them Congress can do nothing, except to see that they are executed by the proper kind of officers. It is also true that Congress has certain legislative powers which cannot be delegated.. But 34r. Douglas should have known that he was not talking about powers which belonged to either of these classes. beitabout a legislative y - -,~.r . ~.y iFL r.~b-t}i- i~`,y7 4 i~;~~ti iii jurisdiction totally forbidden to the Federal Government, and incapable of being delegated, for the simple reason that it does not constitu tionally exist. Will any body say that such a power ought, .1.9 a mutter of policy, or for reasons of public safety. to be held by the provisional govern ments of the Territories Undoubtedly no true patriot, nor no friend of justice and order, can deli! -rately reflect on the probable conse quences without deprecating them. This power over property is the ono which in all governments has been most carefully guarded, because the temptation to abuse it is always greater than any other. It is there that the subjects of a limited monarchy watch their king with the greatest jealousy. No re public has ever failed to impose strict limita tions upon it. All free people know, that if they would remain free, they roust compel the government to keep its hands off their private property: and this can be done only by vine. them up with careful restrictions. Accord ingly,. our Federal Constitution declares that no person shall be deprived of his property except by duo process of law," and that "pri vate property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation." It is universally agreed that this applies only to the exercise of the power by the Government of the United states. We are also protected against the state governments by a similar provision in the State Constitutions. Legislative robbery therefore a crime which cannot be committed either by Congress or by any State Legisla ture, unless it he done hi flat rebellion to the fundamental law of the land. But if the ter ritorial g ,, vernments have this power, then they have it without any limitation whatso evr•r. and in all the fulness of absolute despo tism. They are omnipotent in regard to all their internal affairs, for they are sorereign.s, 1., hold flan i,r check. Amt this omnipotent sovereignty is to be wielded by a few men suddenly drawn together from all parts of America and Europe, unac quainted with one anoth&r, and ignorant of their relative rights. But if Mr. Douglas is right, those governments have all the absolute power of the Russian Autocrat. They may take every kind of property in mere caprice, or for any purpose of lucre or malice, without process of Inw, and without providing for com pensation. The Legislature of Kansas, sitting Lecomptrin or Lawrence, nosy order the miners to give up every ounce of gold that has been dug rd. Pike's Peak. If the authorities of [tali should license a band of marauders to despoil the emigrants crossing the Territory, their sovereign right to do so cannot be ques tioned. A new Territory may be organized, which Southern men third: should be devoted to the culture of cotton, while the people of the North are equally certain that grazing alone is the proper business to be carried on there. If one party, by accident, by force, or by fraud, ha+ a majority in the Legislature, the negroes are taker, from the planters : and if the other set gains a political victory, it is followed by a ,datute to plunder the grazers of their cattle. Such things cannot be done by the Federal Government, nor by the governments of the States but, if Mr. Douglas is not mistaken, they run la , done by the Territorial govern ments. 1, it not every way better to wait un til the new in:mbitants know themselves and her until the policy of the territory is settled Ly some expr•riernre, and. above all, un til the great powers of a