..c.;.`:E3 T - _..~~ ~i'ir..i_~]Y S '~gS`s l ~rowp i.
;atm* TRUNPATHoLoGICAL X
,VVICEIOLECJItto =
AND AN INFALLIBLE Truop OF TELFAT
-111:111., IN'A' 'SERIES OF LtrEn
' j*as 11217 AZT ilevrrnoiqq,
4tilarria . r Phu::sof the BdiartGerieuth
elad szow.qf Limp:al; author and arigi
md.,,fircins= wade af
,:itilured,..,Ships, Primus, and Pahlio Badding*,
Agsaicy of heat, and caber works.,
,:rw.1,1
.
Cleimumartr-4n my last letter I remarked, gen
:kmdlf.iettitiatlV, upon the luMoiy, character, and
• rispraptorruille features of Cholera. in the present
Mince I } 'to teentof thelineanapf care- Be
lli* tint SPOn'tbki subject, however, it is ne
-4e SSOft'in Chlediell7ljet of ties% that speak of
Aht.oogtioet-lirthe, dAtamoula.op the various'
Ililltltin'Whichlt piesettheittclf ' , , _
As the prognosis is Cholera , Irma briefly stale
, thFaixinsbio Sivtopu: =Tim : a lialute,eocrimeno-
ter arith'aittißs of the voluntary. maecies best ofi
'Ada , it or above the natural stUlflAnk pulse son,
lag ialid .102titt1 itnir,thtriti- billOUs vomiting : and
rtiiroarable ..Spiiriptis.U.A-Ifo pain; nor. trumps
-1 / i hebnitionieffi .Pebe =Mir And •feehleszheat of
wittitetoo, the neutral tenifieratuti; Magee n pale
white,elnintity. fiSwing, Vat salt.% calk ralexed,
11&tintiatli•biSinff SOPIthni4IOPI nil:.alen
opoolit;Mb 'teeth on of „urine; eep r oma and watery
Toffilintnint ' ` , Mnalitg,,ena . no esoull/einittedfoom
, Use dlachargei
-,.Disposing OriffeiirMiii . ci,l a mui, Uriiii,i proceed
to observe that the, disease p ata Mar l° ' bur
Itliatinet digibiticrmitfigully, , hichib - . neoe.'n'
'ft • liif Itio . to d will", as Info tutu oh: hb nub
7eCtlif it'll "eiitatitler pulmonary
,to abulirions see
'Mid phoperlyltiodided adaptall ofgetterd rules
' 4treatureut:' Isla:WO ,up its theories. or
in- LA."lOOe east drity*Pli oi . the d ieennei
Uhtf ettatik'crimMeneesernh igii °COS stomach,
'bOtiPtllk'' and Voluntary intiscl . Ithst of th e body
la thtritaturaltempeomereorith ittroag,fall pulse,
Mad slight readapt ; running, einocomptutledloy
2d, The Illfti ,iik point of darter? is, when the
'libidos , ' beitinesnth 4)41 M the *Manch, fess or
'MOM severe;
,Oppression about. the prrecorium.
britilichk,numbness of the extreitillies,,with a
'pentartint enaatiop .ovpr Out skit.. •thticceded by
r'ig* 4 YplaiLitig,... vomiting : and i ritualise
eked &let df lotions matter , in eau" of a
Whillsb'sioMptid BMX , „, . • .
it More deuteron form of therdiseasa than
SithePer AO ,lnenegiog oommemes: Wit h . violent
litititir the Stomib, incransed i on pressure? intense
pets scram Use flirchitd, and is the eyefislia;9tish
ertfehre;Pitilse4tikk, hard, and bounding; a psnafal
melt over every pin a the body, mintier
;tb that r eviiiiencell at Ahe Inhaler, M favor; heat
!fillikiniticreasidito a morbid degree; tongue ex
_A/rAdlelleit'.l-vhke, deeply coated, and fa/rowed; in
' ••se'tbilst s Willi,drAdly aickaera at the immune*
ceott rEtitteithipurging--Ctratof the nallualannenta,
%fief Whichs`thit'Oluid Matter discharged fimat the
tiC 4lB -1116 Prit.greyish width coke, gfanalated, and
iriegititlarith tiarticleastesembliug powdered tochre,l
lila' ekllttlag a purtllat and inuderabki kid odor,
ietterierlifig any thing of the kind observed in al
natithany other disease.
j . ThOlogifthis brim the most rapidly fatal form of
Ibisdimask still ii .is fraught with great denser,
reeptitintproMptiad active treatment; and the
Irocirrerl!-tmat.4 more tedious than veil where
Ike dickies km assumed the 1110111 malignant
4th. In the last sad most malignant form of the
liamnia;
the attack .comes on with. giddiness of the
,fitiad, elating alba eats, and extrema-Mat of the
at
Mattralioenta, then,of a fluid, resembling thin
liken 'neharley water; pulse small and feeble ;
6 eat' skin belowthe mural temperature; with-
Ottfinshinimitlng, pain, or cramps. Here there is
the ffallatest danger, end, lithe the disease. he mot in-
Mainly checked, the patieru may go down Into col
lapse to than half au hour.
'''Uperf this hem of the disease I would observe,
that thie most tepidly fatal tweaks in Cholera coin
lillitirl Without any tromionn, pain or cramps, or
pieviotui warning whatever; and while, under all
etroaduitaimee ander all more or less 'overeat-tacks
Of thefilthase, the earliest recoaree ought to be had
tiltkiedioal:nuranit, I Wish to impress . the imper
liiee of teeing specially prompt when the disease
beetle in thla Vs most malignant and mean insidious
_ titM;hl,WhiCh it delay of a very short period might
osetestiOO. with fiord moults. I have seen much
&the fattifccinseqoencps of an emir of opinion in
Ulla respect, the pal Sent imagining that it-could not
lakehelan With which he was affected, because he
hada° vomiting,or pain, at cramps, when, to point
'AfTect,' if was the most fatal Como of the disease;
sitt whell the vomiting and cramps did coins on,
Were only the fearful harbingers of collapse
to 'death .
'•' fa 'fhb most malignant form of the disease, the first
illieruirges always take place from the bowels, and
the patient does not vionii: till the disease has earn
ed him Into hopeless collapse, or till he is, at least,
vetting on that stage.. A knowledge of this lad
toltioi be' too strongly impressed us the minds of
TWO:MIIe. As far as my recollections serves too,
!lithe batten of hopeless collapse to which , ' have
!wet been caned, dating Inv experience, were of
poisons . who assured ma that they had applied at
dill =Meat whatithe, vomiting commenced, and
Itait,iii the aerie= of that symptom,, they had nt
trantW - the previous purging to some other
Maths, _ Ikea' ambits. I .would observe, that the
utalee ... , , - '..fn el*/ case bears a proportion•to the
riVidiTY‘ltha -
amount of the discharges . from the
t r Vel L - " •
Having theta disposed of much preliminary mat-
TOO how Protieed to specify the propei remedies
to be employed in the treatment at Choler; and
Matite, firom.the - ialure of the diseasmia merles
um elute of it' could not be cared by stay caber
mean. ,
J s haSiiititi:i&gitiliexplained that Mt; printery
' ' eiiitaifi morbid action in Cholera is 11 specific
kgsl o rjarifie n d on the brain and nerves, which par
t ;their toneend energy, and givell.o to e
thlitt tit symptom, which result in the *ape of
OSSAithisk plumy part from the bloodp,tind that
Ettelt Wetinie llaid.paues cam the dischehes from
the Matatieli aid bowels. .
~_. - T hs.
.. itiqmilitine of cure aro, to restore thestone
‘ ,_,,,sun• - ,,
„en, of the brain , and to, prevent :n forth,'
r Ma. ~
_Po . action; and not only so, bet to restore to
_ktte., ool3 . o, J, w hater= =WU= oft wgiaturailuidity a
mayltive lost by the previous ...np-• ~ of the see-
CaLati&A . .and lastly, to mesuiblistrin lb/dr healthy
Mitkiii all the natural Mamie= which may have
fwitaitapentled gthe attack., , ,
..- . i
No*, the-rame4e. which I shall plaCebefare the
Master furtilskample means to acconiplish ill the
ObjeObt demanded in all these several of
Cure; and, it promptly and skilfully hintiled, ens
blettbe suedical;oramitioner to serer diflsette all
theSSanuolla of this - hitherto fall - de:.,, - trokii. '
Thetae remedies I would' briefly P i thra M . be- The
11 . 7 mei pattern of t/ie /kelp,- UpeAnst-Corchal
-I n erertratilier--the bstilir: to •be pm
Awed by the application of exterhal heat, and to
he continued by the same mernie, while Mild, Warm
dillgting drink is to be freely adffilnistated, to for
t( ab Ite'abtmdaat supply of suitable •dolil'to the
ihstipbrfit visuals which have heen, first, excited
to Vigorous action by the perspiration. •' •
-Upon these several remechea, as Means of cure,
Isbell makeisomegeneral rematke,destribitig their
made of *Miro, and their &nese for the exigencies
Ofthisrtueserie; end showing how theyfolly And ef
&heady meet al the reguirementi of Cure: 'This 1
stall deficient . 'prescribing in detag the Wallas, in
Sehlekther ate to he used in the treakdent of the
4._lrSeane4
Sitedi it course will, I conceive, be attended with
advantages. When leoete to diritt t i t i t i t a ttropet
toodt , ot trestmetd, th e render, nun' lave
Waugh tny observations along with, hint, will be
*pared, pot only to see the adaptation of the
MIMS of core Ishall
_prescribe, bat will almOst.he
ihhsto aztticipste 'Merle this motets' I thus hope
tct;e4l7 les auderstauding and cotfektiott along
shalltake up the remedies saversilpr-.
•1L *Horiownel Ferraro of whc
kin read attentively the observation lamp sec
ond/et:sr on the symptoms, and the reason sod
cams of the symptoms in Cholera, will et mace
weefre the necessity of immediefely pacin g
pathentileuted with the disease . , Kit OVVgi With Its
f= fti atat 'a lte m ctim in ary "e lot ril vf 3 t= tu'e- tuad
energy .of tie brain in that 'disease; intnedialely
kids td-it loss ofpoweein the ciratilaktvespels;
Ibl/ibis diminution of the Mint:Owing power leads
OW/VW= Masai the tone and energy of the brain,
end, eonsequently, to the increased parttlyntion
tithe resiaties power ofther vessel' to which the.
*NS hi the„ megrim of the diseffarc deliermlce,
rand thrinigh which they make their escape. • •
silvanuqm of the horizontal postme faiths&
ig lids in tbs. Wroth circulates power,- and favors
ttte Morettredde influx of the blood into the Leath,
eilfbribittikfinst Organ more eitileiciat Matins and
101PPmi s god dui contributing to the rewmatam of
ketone and energy. That snob is the effect of
pludnethe body In the horizontal postureotten
ddiebtadating power b weak, la o v enl day eiem-
Olt ed - hithe relief afforded by this means to per
linesAnting front- weakness by lass of' Wood or
ethercausesi When the Individual who has faint
eitill'phteed in the horizontal posture, Mae to . Li
itkthelellas ofthe blood Into the head, the Main
htigaghitaly regains its tone sod energy; -and re
tail° lb healthy fnuetious. •
, lharths., the horizontal posture aids fa arresting
Usti' Wimps of the serous flabienitti the .stonmeh
ad/towels. 'By improving the LOU 11/19' brain,
it JACIOIIIIII the resisting power of, the yawls
throughwhich the MMUS fluid escapeu, and it re
lleutia-the climbs:ging vesicle from tire great so
pressure they would have; t 6 sustain
IVie nunbanr iereet pWatitit • .. ,
711listedbut of pouttre in increasing or, diminish
/rig the pressure on the circulating eversall, is fa ,
meliselp =emptied in the swelling of the lower
emtrambee,
tram -long standing, audit-the remedial
WPM/ 'or pleiatielythcoo extremeti*Oither to •
hlYSialth, of allgbUy above the level of the bed y.
•, n ffi
ue much will suce to illestrue ther odes°.
sup ofeeanning the patient to theliprizatual poe.
tore in tfsdisease.
O amma to the neat remedlitment which elaima
ggit nettee;;and amongst the few remedies which
1 4ff I , * , antY r in the. treatmenkotCholera,
this' one holds ti most important placa,Taken
iptarste4,Opiontincrealea tbe eneutra Made:
contraetaoma remarkable degree, the diameter m
tiag' gireidatierveasels, which include, let ft be
031321334 . ~11 10' 3 2003013T throtfgh which the
monni,ittteta'dittinge mama; and dialf!iiihea
thi eionstioni,except the cuticular
disehimpewhich ineremem--in all themseeeral
IlearteM better Moat precisely adapted to th e to .
quests of path this disease;-!-M all there
rimplada.444 - iipapatly fitted for. reatorincjba
oxisand etargyofittabrain,kr metalling the de.
termination of the laida to the mtereaf surfaces,
acd ibreoeleterauttinuthe' abets of the menhir
unPintieNtrbtah,bi'tiemetimes 30 3 . 0333t3et,apd
themame precisely tbemblevii upon themeona
plishmens of ethiei' ithisenre chiefly depends. Aad
ikm Arm; oplpmAn mpu_lopetion with the other
OKs""`~~` --
"~ T ~ ~,....~•
'~;a;
remedies I mescribe, =reeve:hilly pesphaten,
I will etteemally accomplish .' • .
I with it,however;lo bepartienittlyundentood
that the sticcess 'Of the:tented ;areal, upo n
~..
aits
beiegadatiledered 144 tlihtheaN an d
amount of:the dilitietrequitit „iiiiitarpartictslar
case doyen= ea nton thec t el4pmeyof the
aymptoms; &c., that open the extent of the
nervous pritatratiOn,;the ripldity with which the
serous Auld. see= to escape, and the extent to
which the incest: dopletion may have gone. To
this fact I =had sgiter 4 solicit the meat pointed
attention.= ewe! frohnnettention to these truths
that the fatal remits Of the geneml, au& I may say
Daivezaal, Pelee id that disease arows.
I have elsewhere stated that the eke produced
On the bride and nervous system in cholera, by the
escape of the serous field from the body, isrrecise
; ly similar to that which Is caused by the loss of
blood. ',Now, in cases of Persons sinking from boss
Otbleod, opium as is well knoWn to the profeseion
Is one of the mist valuable medicines we possess
far restoring and •upporting• the via or= In ute
ri.. hi.antages. for: 111SUILICO, no - person, unless
' he had actually' Witnessed it, ecod, have : ahy Idea
Orthili"quitatUy or. °Pinta at tattietit not only can
bear, bat requires, whenthe lomat blood has been
extensive.. Bat not only in' vascular depictions,
but also la certain affectlonsof the nervous speem
4, 0 Jame doses at opium not only safe, but nacel
le,. • Ittletanni, (lockjaw) for. instance, enor
mous doses of that medicine may be taken with
sere= and advantage. A case is rammed, in
which • patient, affected with this dhst.ase, took
two laid odzices of the tincture orppipm without
experiencing any - mom= erects from it, and was
cured by the dove- I (=scribe, therefore, large
doses of opium in cholera, not merely Isom the ex
cesaivib wrseilar ilepletron that accompanies the
disease, but also from; the grtiat nervous depression
which is always present.
' - I would again repeat, that the amount o (the
dose necessary, will depend entirety upon the ma
lignancy of the symptoms, For inclination (to 4011
Ana ourselves to the vascular depletion) it most
be evidr_at Out the specific erect of opium, which,
in pert, Is to contract the diameter ofthe =melt of
the body, Ind lessee their containingcapacity, and
thereby to effort a: fuller and more forcible amply
ofblood to the tentiond which would be injurious
in a plethoric state of the vascular system. would
hit mopooinnably salutary in a depleted state of
that gystant. It to egodly evident that the great
er the tlepetion be, die larger will be the due of
medicine required Co produce a given erect--
Two grains of opium PLOuld produce a greater ef
fect on the nervous system in the ordinary state of
the =rode, than even: ten grains where the
Vascular depletion hat been such as to endanger
life.
Hnd the profession borne these facts in mind, and
noted the natures& the morbid action, in cholera.
they most have at: once,, availed themselves of the
agency of large doses of Opidm, in the treatment of
the disease. The Overlooking of these facts, how
ever, led to the fatal error of: trifliag with too small
doses of that medicine; imiltvhea these leakiest
doses failed, or were, perchance, entirely counter
acted by being coinbined with other supposed
remedies, as calcimel. for instance, it was taken for
granted that the disease was incurable It has
been the general practico,eVap in the worst forma
of the disease, to administer the opium in one or
tbs . ° grain doses, repeated at longer or shorter in
tervals The eunsequenco of this has been, that
at all such malignant collets the discharges of the
/serous tluid from the . bowels has continued com
pletely, unchecked, and the lives of the patients
have been lost- Now, in these cities, there might
just as well have been given none of this med.
eine:atoll; for, if a dose cuWoient to meet the en-
rgency, °lshii case, be tun gives at once, it will pro
duce no elrect whatever. and 06 repetition of vim.
liar doses will answer the purpose. And I Ithhelti
tatiegly enolent, that two grains of opium newer
cured a malignant cane of cholera. I hate fre
quently had occasion to give,ten grains for a fire
dose.
In regulating the dose of opilum to be given m a
malignant case of Cholera, three objects are to be
kept in view; fast, to apportion as much as will be
sufficient to counteract the Depleted or empited
state of the vessels, then to add what will he neres
stuy to restore the brain and nerves to their nets,
eel date, and, lastly, when the dose has been ad
justed to meet these contingences, the practitioner
robot still further add a third portion to the dose,
such as would etop a case of purging under ordi
nary CirellMSWlCea
It need not excite surprise that the disease has
bSieti so universally fatal, whoa, in all parts of the
vithrld,thht important practical fact has been entire
ly overlooked. Any cases of Cholera alleged to
have bean cured by the ordinary methods recom.
mended in publications on this subject, (and I have
read all of note that have appeared) have been ao
Mild as scarcely to deservie the name of Cholera.—
Cases do sometimes occur where, from peculiarity
of constitution, the patient will recover without any
medicine whatever, or in spite of the, remedies,
where such
,have been used. Almost ell the recov
eries from collapse I ever witnessed, were of per
ecru{ who roamed to take any- medicine whatever;
and who remvered through the trill media:anis. ea
sui.ex, (healing power of nature). But these were
persons at very peculiar habits of body, of
whom I would now be able to predicate such a re
The next remedial ascots in the order of our ar
rangement are.
.
Cordial Stint Wants—Upon their mode of ope
ration I shall here observe very briefly. I shall en
ter more into detail afterwards in prescribing how
thiny are to be used. amongst the lutist useful of
the stimulants we possess, am camphor, chlorth
ether, aromatic spirit Of naimonia, ono alcohol in
the form of whiakey or brandy. Such stimulants
assist the opium in restoring and supporting the
Lobe and energy of the nervous system. By their
egirdial edects, they stheligthen the 'stomach and
enable it to absorb the opitrem and by their with..
maxis mum on the brain, they sustain it until the
opium becomes absorbed, and exerts Its more per
manent remedial effect on the system.
1 now come to speak of prespiration, produced
by the application of external heat, and upon this
powerful agent in the etirenf Cholera rmust dwell
more folly.
Perlynramm..—All the early symptoms in Chole
ra indicate an increased datermuthuon of the daub
Gain the external to the internal surface. Perspi
ration reverses this determination, and directs it to
the extemni surface. By so doing it relieves the
stomach, intestines, sod other internal organs, from
top syrtiptonia caused by this injurious rush 'of the
ibxidig contributes: Materially; id the stopping oftbe
iitsehargra,and is An efaciemt remedy for stopping
the vomiting, in a nuaigaata ease of the disease
Though in suott'eases the diachaiges from the bow
els may, for name, be Checked by largo &net of
opiath, yet, if the morbid action be not corrected by
changing the-determlnation of the , fluids from the
internal 'surfaces to the external by a profuse per
they will assuredly return. When the
perspiretiou has been made follow freely for a few
minutes, the Totaiting and sickness at the stomach
invariably cease. Let the nweating be suddenly
checked, however, or slopped too soon, and not on
ly Will these symptom; thrum iestantlyvecur, but,
if the discharge from the sarface be not immediate.
ly reproduced, even the pumice itself will be sure
to return. All medical men are aware of the re
tharkable syrapalbythataabsists between the enter
nal and 'eternal surfaces ofthe body. Witness the
alternations of sweats and dierriaza that occur m
the last stage of pulmonary corumniption. When
the latter symptom is checked, the persptratioaa be.
come excessive. when these again are stopped, the
coiliquative discharges from the bowels return with
violence. Mach less ordain is required to stop
the purging in cases where; by the early applica
tion of external hest, profuse. perspiration is pro
duced, than where it is neglected. Indeed, where
the sweating is promptly attended to, a second,
dose of that medicine is seldom, if ever, neceaE
sag.
But finder, perspiration does' morethan merely
correct the morbid action; it gives as the power of
repairing the iajunous effects produced by a It
halt beets already stated that in Cholent the escape
of-the serous or watery fluid from the circulating
vessels deprives the blood cffita - necessary dilution
or fluidity, and renders It too mode to circulate,
and that death in that disarm:Hs in every case
caused, either directly or induertly, by vascular
depletion. Perspiration gives oh the power of re
filling these vessels and of restor.ngthe necessary
fluidity of their contents. It May, however, be ob
jected, In limier, that the drain of the fluids of the
. ticidY, caused by an extensive discharge from the
external surface in perspiration, will produce a de ,
ph:Staged - cm on the vascular system similar to that
which is calmed by a discharge from the internal
turfaceo---an effect the very oppositem that we pro
pie to accomplish; and I may be asked why I re-
commerrd a remedy which produces on the consti
tution an effect similar to that which is canted by
the disease itself, To this I answer, that the class
Of ?easels of Whose *senor we mast= avail -our
selves' in remedying the eftemeofthe diwasy can
best be made to act by this nleahe• t and that when
theiegenoy of that system of vessels iabrought in
to operation we have at one commend - the power,
not only of - correcting the morbid action by chaog•
Mg the determination of the fluids, but Of repairing
the - injury that has been already eustained. ,The
Masi of vessels to which I allude Is the absorbent.
Perspiration excites their action. The exhausting
effect produced In the Vascular system by the dis
charge-Mom the external surface causes the Moon
beats opening on the internal surfaces of the atom
ach' end adenines, to not like as Many syphons la
taking op the mild drink, and' carrying It into the
circulating viesels—Thas we have It in oar pow
er not only to supply the drain canoed by the •per
spiration; but to refill - the circulating Vessels, and to
restore the neceesary 'dilution or fluidity of their
contents. Perspiration, therefore, has the effect not '
only - of correcting the morbid tenon, bot of repair
ing the injury produced by it. From. what I have
experienced, I am persuaded that a nutliiinant case
bf Cholera could not be cured without exciting such
perspiration.
Upon the general reemnitives Which way be re
quisite for re-establishing the healthy teflon of the
several functions of the system, after the progrein
of the disease bai bees checked, I shell•not dwell
at present I shall have accaoion to speak of them
I have thus given an outline of the mode of ape•
ration of the general remedies I prescribe. In my
11 Mil letter I shall 'describe the specific meaner in
svitinit they are to be used in the detailed treatment
of the disease.
MMEIM
81 St. Alatte-artet, Lsvapad, Jirsuary - - 72,48.
Gramourri:—ln my last letter I enumerated Me
remedies necessary or the cute of Cholera I pro !
coed now to describe the speeids mode In which
they'll= ro be used In the detailed ireatmeni
the disease. , , :
Or the medicittid remedies, the ehie4 it will hate
beta, observed, fa opium. Tbia Ilave
should bo given le ccunbinatiutt tvlti medicines of
a cord ial,stittedelinli. and 03tiildi*anrit0a4
of wffich avast efficseet ereoampbor, papsiOnn t
°lf•T! , .Fkd liForni4k.4l4ol. C 4. 11x9411)114.,
~,.,.. _.._~k.;a
lowing formula present the conshinaticin of these
medicines which I would presarbee—
Camphor, s drachm.
Cepatcam, nine grains.
Spirits of Wine and Conserve of Roses of each
a sufficient quantity—mix.
To be made into e mess end divided into twelve
pills.'
Each of these pile, it will be observed, contains
one grain tif powdered opium.
Chlone flb.e .
Aromatic Spirit of Amman*. •
Camphorated Spices.
Tlnetrais of Opium.
Creech one drachm.
Cinnamon Water, two ounces—mix.
As I shill have oceesten kNoently to refer to
these pills and this mixture, I shell term them, for
convenience and accuracy of .reference, daispes
Medic Pills and Antispasmodiis Wawa.
Cholera. I have stated, presents itself in ken dis
tinct degree* of malignity. I shall first take up
the most malignant form as being in Malt the most
important, and as embodying, most fully, in Its de
tails of treatment, the great prinelplesofenre which
are alike applicable to all forms of the disease. All
the modifications of the disease require to be treat
ed on the same principles, the only difference be
ing that, in the detail, the milder tonne require leas
powerful doses of the medicines. The mode of
treating the most malignant form of the disease
will Ravens the model on which all the others are
to be treated. This Meet malignant form has, by
all writers on the subject, hitherto, been pronoun
ced incurable. They say it never was cured in a
angle Instance, and never can be eared by the
power ofingdicine. I shall, however, point out a
' mode of treating it which will prove itself infalli
bly successful, where my directions are followed
with sufflcient prompthea, boldness,and skilL I
would recapitulate, that the symptoms in this case
are great luau and depretaion of spirit.; giddiness
of the head; soft, small variable pulse tongue cold,
flowing with saliva, refixed, broad, a nd tremulous;
heat of'skin below the natural temperature; no
cramps or pains, but an Indescribable feeling of
anxiety and crushing about the heani accompa
nied witlyteatery purging and vomiting, or with
watery'parging alone. All theta symptoms indi
cate the utmost degree of malignity, and not one
moment ism be loath the vigorous application of the
most powerful remedies. The disease in this farm
eons as worse so rapidly, that before the medical
attendant arrives, it may have at far progreued
that one additional discharge from the bowels may
carry the patient into hopeleis collapse. The
practice, therefore, must be. prompt; it must be as
hold as it is prompt. The . discharge. nom the bow
els mist be stopped at once and for this purpose
an efficient dose of medieine mad at once be ad
ministered. Trifle with an iaedloient first dose, and
the patient is lost administered with the boldness
I shall prescribe, and voceess is as certain as is the
relation between cause and effect.
Place the patient Immediately in the benzoate!
posture, in bed; and give him, on the instant, as
this is an extreme case, ten of the witispesmodie
pills, miters ounces of the above entirpumadie
mixture, and wash the whole down with a glass of
undiluted brandy or whisky, flavored strongly with
cloves, esseuce of ginger, or some such warm aro.
mate spice. In the meantime have him covered
with an additional blanket, and let the usual means
of communicating heat, such as jars or bottles of
hot water, bags of hot salt or nand, hot briars, or
whatever can be mat readily procured, be applied
without delay to the feet, and different part. of the
body, so as. to restore the temperature, and produce
perspiration as quickly as pomade. As soon as the
perspiration has begun to flow freely, superadded
to the medicine apd cordials already administered,
a glass orbrandy punch should be given—the punch
to be made strong, and to be swallowed hot as pos
Bible. After this ao drink should be given till the
perspiration has flowed freely for a few minutes.—
The stonmeh will then retain it, and the patient
should be indulged freely with copious &eagles of
rennet whey, warm toast water,ffavored With some
agreeable spice, mint or balm tenor any such mild
beverage. The ercesiiiity of attending to this is most
important. When the disciargat from the bowels
cease, end when the pulse becomes full and bound
ing—the body is covered with a copious warn per.
spearion, winch will not Gil to be the cam under
such treatment, the danger is over. The perspire
tion,if the patient can beer it, should be kept up for
twelve hours; and may with advantage be confine.
ed, moderately, even longer. Its duration, however,
must be regulated according to the strength of the
patient and the state of the pulse. Alter the first
four or six hours, more hell need not be applied
than is perfectly agreeable to the kabinet of the
patient. It is remarkable how suddenly the erre-cot
dial oppression, Ice., are relieved on the breaking
out °fa free prespinstion; and, what is of greater
importance edit, the vomiting, where it exists, im
mediately ceases. I know of no other means by
which vomiting in each mass can be speedily and
effectually checked. In the application of external
heat, a rational use should be made of the means.
I cannot see the necessity for increasing the tem.
cerature beyond what is grateful to the *allege of
the patient, and beyond what le eufficient to pro-
duce and keep up a profuse perapratioa. I would
remark, that the heat can he much more efaciently
communicated by solid substances., such as I have
mentioned above, than by the hot-air or vapour elo
per/au* This apparent*, at • means orcommuni.
eating heat to a patient effected with Cholera, is an
instrument which I consider to be worse than use
less.
Now, let it be observed that I have selected as
extreme case, and have prescribed a dose of medi
cine sufficient to meet such a case. As I have al
ready stated, not one case need be lost if the prac
tice be yafficwally prompt and bold. I have sup
posed a case of the most malignant character, when
[here has been profuse watery purging, and where
*anther discharge from the bowels would endanger
the patient's bra; and, under these circumstancen. I
nave prescribed ten attic, pith containing um mina
at powdered opium, es a less dose would not meet
the exigencies of the case. To administer t his dose,
ender the circumstance. I have stated, is perfectly
'a* to administer an tnefficent dose is certain
death. I have, under the circumstances supposed,
tried smaller doses, but toned them insufficient to
artest the progress of the symptoms, and was obl:g•
ed, in a few minutes, to increase them. After such
experience I always prescribed ten of the pills Mr
a dose, under the alarming and dangerous sitcom.
'stances I have supposed, and 'heap, with never
falling success; and I have never wee the alightest
narcotic effect produced by this large doled medi
cine, on any of the patients to whom it was admin.
onered under ouch sircumatanee. The reason
why such a large dose of opium may be Kahl,/
administered in such a case, and the reason why,
under such circumstances, it is absolutely neces
sary, I have fully explained in the preceding let
ter.
Should there, however, have been little or no
purging, a smaller dose of the pills most be given.
The system not having suffered much depletion
from the escape of the serous pan of the blood, Co
very large a dose of opium is not necessary. la
such case., eight of the pills will generally be sub-.
cient —to be accompanied, however, with the same
quantity of the antispasmodic mixture, and the same
cordial stimulants as already prescribed, and to be
followed with equal prompoess by exciting the
perspiration, that grand agent In the mire of every
modification of Cholera, without which a malignant
case of the disease could not, by possibility, be
cared In the next moat malignant brio of the
disease, the third described in my last letter, If
there has been extensive purging, the patient must
take, instantly, eight of the pills, together with the
samedosf of the antispasmodic mixture, a. pee-f
scribed in the last case, and the same amount o
cordial nimulanta ; and have these followed up
vigorously and speedily, with all the other steps of
treatment already described, the perspiration,
above all thing., no{ being delayed, and all the
alarming symptoms will be found to flow or with
the perspiration. In oases under this form of the
dfresse, when parghag has not taken place, six of
the pills wilt bee sufficient dose, all the other doses
and appliances being the same.
is the second form of the disease, as described
in my last letter, when purging to any amount bas
taken plarie, six pills must be given, with the full
amount of the antispasmodic , mixture, and cordial
stimulants, as - directed in both the preceding cases
and all the other parts of the treatment already de
scribed most be vigorously Wowed ant. When,
however, there has been no purging, four pills will
be a suilldent dose. The perspiration, and the
other medicines and cordials, will complete the j
core. AU unfiivorable symptoms will be found
he
iwUrTt flow
d m offwnh nni i
ther ithe p e rspira t ion .
disease, the
treatment most be upon exactly the same principles,
and by similet means, as directed In the other
bring of the disease, from the most malignant to
this mildest Rum, the difference consisting only in
theamouat of the doses of the medicines necessary.
Here four of the pills will be a sufficient dose, slid
one mince of the antispasmodic mixture with,
however, the: full amount of cordial
already directed In the, other forms of the disease,
Wowed proniptly by the perapiration• this latter
being in no cite neglected, or delayed'.
finch in a very brief summary ol the mode of
copnitwith the' disease in its various forms It
will be obihrvedthat the same remedies are appli
cable to all forms of the; disease, the difference in
the treatment Comesting merely in the amount of
the dose of the Medicines necessary to meet the
various degrees of malignity. I have directed
such first doses of the medicines as are likely to
meet the necessity of multi particular case, as no
repetititouitif dorms answers the purpose so well.
Cases, however, may occur where to repeal a dote
may he necesury; for Maurice when. the mmHg
aancy of a ease has been mis calculated; and In
such cues the subaldiary dose should be ample
and given promptly. When i however, ten grains
have been given at first, there will seldom be
necessity for an additional dose. It will also be
observed, that perspiration is a necessary and
moat important agent la the, cure of any case of
the disease, whatever may be the degree of its
malignity..ln the more malignant forms it isentirely
indispensable. It corrects the morbid determina
tion of the Iluida to the internal surfaces, and enables
us to repair the injury inflicted oo the system by
the longer or shorter continuance of the symptoms,
anti by their greater or less malignancy. And
lurther,rt counteracts, in an importentdegree, the
narcotic effects of the large doses of opium which
it is necessary to administer.
In the bounds of this letter I have been able to
do lutlismore than just state general principles.—
In the application of dime principles to individual
cases, And to the varied home of the disease, enact
must be led to the judgment of the pardoner. I
save, however, expounded more or less particu•
tarty a mode ottreating the disease which fully and
efficiently meet` all the requirements of mum and
which, if skint - 14y, boldly, and promptly acted on,
will curd the disease in every instance where the
patient to ndt tit hopeless collapse before it is put
m practice.
My mode of treating Cholera Mere from every
other which hoe yet been placed before the public.
It has Dot,however, been founded on mere bypath.
eats, begun a practical a:patience In the: treatment
of the disease, which was most ellensive,inditis
ancoesafil beyond preoideuti mitt hie bean ma—
lured-by careful and =icily logs al deductions. t
direct mach huger closes of opium to be given in
the cure of the disease than have ever been pre
scribed by any ahem This fact, ofitself, sufficient
ly distinguishes my mode of treatment from all nth.
era. But the grand distinguishing fisattwe, in which
II =ads alone, is the employment of the powerful
agency of perspiration, as a means acme. Thu
agent du never been recommended, es anch, by
any other. It is, in fact, by perspiration the din.
cone is cured. Opium Is, indeed, a valuable and
necessary agent; but it and the ether auxffiary
medical and cordial stimulants act merely as hand.
maidens to the tovensigasemedy, which is the ap
plication of external dry heat by hot solid substan
nes. The opt= and cordial stimulants supply the
place of an anchor, in holding on the barque of
We, and In arnaning the fatal course of the disease,
till the perspiration not only cone= the.diseit-ed
action, but also repairs the injury which the sys—
tem may have =stained.
to my next letter I shell, among Other matters,
make some necessary observations an the miner,
wive stages of the disease.
I have the tumor to be, &cc
G. S. H
nt. Aune fitreet,.Liverpool, Jan. 29, ISIS.
Si Louie--Ju Mfllinger.
nearly at a stand.
LETTER V
Gentlemen—The great secret in the treatment
of Cholera is, to lose no time in stopping the din
: charges from the bowels, if they exist, and in ex,
eltipg warm profane . persplretion. This object
eh:amid still be kept in view by the practitioner, no
j matter in what state he may find his patient. After
giving such a dose of medicine as may atop the
purging, his next effort abould be, by the applica
tion of external heat, to produce a discharge from
the surface, If the heat oldie body be higher then
! natural, the perapiraticin will equalize it; if lower,
the application of external heat will restore it and
if the body be covered with mid clammy perspire
, bon, it will change it to tt worm one. 1 have di.
retied that the perspiration ahould be continued for,
at least, twelve hoar., if the patient can bear it,
keepiqg op, however, merely as much heat as
may he found perfectly agreeable to his feelings;
his denim for drink, which Is generally very
great, !being menewhye, gratified ad libitum.
As soon as it mAy Fe proper to discontinue the
perspiration, the editient's body should be rubbed
perfectly dray, and he should be furniehed with dry
linens or flannels, and with dry sheets and blank
ets. He may than, ifha desires it, be indulged with
a little arrowroot, or sago, to which may be added
a tablespoonful of brandy, or half a glow or a glass
of sherry; which, given as often as required, will
afford sufficient nourishment till the stomach mew,
era its healthy tone, and desires and !Thebes more
substantial food_ He may then have wine. beef
tea, chicken broth beef !steaks, or mutton chops.—
Where the purging has been quick and violent, if
the patient be free from sickness at the stomach,
his bowels shoald be allowed to remain undisturb
ed, if they will, till the third day. They should then
be gently opened, by means of an enema of a pint
of a weak solution of tory and water. Should the
patient be seized with bilious vomiting sooner than
the third day, which sometimes happens from the
sudden discharge orate distended gull bladder, and
sluauld his bowels be confined, it will be proper to
give him the enema earlier, giving at the same
time an emetic of ipecacuanha wine, to be worked
off with warm camomile infusion. Should these
means fail to settle the stomach, and give the pens
tattle motion n downward direction, he may get
two grains of calomel, and six or eight grams of
compound extract of colocyntht and alter some
time the enema should be repealed till it produces
the desired effect of clearing oat the bowels, and
carrying off the redundant bile; after which, 'should
any irritability of sumach remain, it will be imam,.
diately relieved by one or two grains, as the ease
may be, of solid opium, followed up with hitter
tonic efferveacing draughts. lithe patient have
got a large dose of opium Al the beginning, it will
require two grains Id be given now, if he have had
a small dose, one grain will suffice.
Should the patient on the second day, as often
happens eller a malignant attack of the disease.
complain of acidity of stomach with confined
bowels, be ebould get two tablespoonfuls of the
following :mixture every third hour till relieve
ed:—
Sweet Spirit of Nitre, Tincture of Rhubarb, Tinc
ture of Colon:l63,—ot each half an ounce.
Compound Tincture of • Cardamoas, three
drachms.
Bicarbonate of Soda, two drachms.
Camphorated Julep, night ounces.—Mix.
Ater a few doses of the above mixture have
been given, thew effect on the bowels may be as.
stated, if necessary, by the use of the mild enema
already mentioned. The mixture will heir (rid,xe
the aseidity to the stomach, and restore the heal
thy tone of that organ. It will also act gently on
the bowels, cleanse the tongue, and cool the aye—
tem, and will promote the restoration of urine
which In generally suspended in this disease
: - .;hould, however, the bowels be too much relaxed
the tincture of rhubarb should he omitted, and two
drachma of the compound spirits of acomonia,noci a
suitable propurbon of the tincture of opium, add
ed. The stomach of a patient recovering from a
malignant attack of the cholera is very weak, and
the patient feels a erector desire far bitters and •r
-oinaticapittes; ad from the chock hts stomach ha. sue
tamed, be deurea, and can take much stronger do
sea of these tban.would be agreeable to him under
ordinary etresmatances. This craving drawee
should be grattfied, as nature seldom errs In such
matters.
diarhma never occurs in the consecutive
stages or cholera, unless calomel, or mom preparn•
tion of mercury, him been most improperly, and, I
would add, most unsvamintably used in the prime•
ry treatment of the disease. When It dee, occur,
it should be treated with the eretaceota ndasere,
combined with &unable proportions of the tinctures
of catechu and opium, and in addition. if obstinate.
by anodyne injections, giving at the same time
small and frequently repeated doses' of sulphur; for
the purpose of neutralizing the mercury, and for
counteracting its action on the liver, The strength
is at the some time to be supported by w no, beet
tea, &o, Great care should be taken eat to allow
the patient to get out of bed, or stand in toe erect
postem, till the strength of the body and the heal
thy tone of the nervous system have been sufficient
Ip re-establehed. Fatal conaequences have some-
times arisen from not attending to this precaution.
In a hospital, a woman, who had a very favorable
recovery from an attack of cholera, net her life by
imprudence in this respect. Contrary to the or
dent of the superintending physician; and in oppo
sition to the remonstrances of the attendants, she
got out of bed, and while in the act of dressing
in an erect posture, she suddenly fell on the
floor in a fainting state. The excretory vessels
being enable to sustain the supennaimbent Weight
of the fluids of the body, became dilated—the ea-.
ram, or watery part of the blood escaped Into the
bowels, and she passed several quarts of fluid, ea
water, before she could be lifted into bed. She
was dead within less than two hours afterwards,
having manifested all the symptoms of one who
had been bled to death.
In directing the treatment of the mildest form ot
the disease. I omitted to state, that should the prac.
utioner hod his patient affected with pain ot stom
ach, headache, and vomiting, along with a hot skin
and fall strong pulse, and should he had that the
bowels have been previously much confined, be
ought, before giving the antispasmodic pa, or
draught, as ordered, cause the bowels to be tio- .
loaded by means of an enema
I directed that the opium,whether alone or corn
blued, should be administered In cholera io the
solid form. The reasons why it should be so ad—
ministered are, that m that kiln it ea more likely to
be retained on the stomachand if it be rejected, the
fact can, by an extatArnaition, of the egesta, be more
readily detected; affd for the quantity thrown od
on equal quantity can be immediately re-adminis
tered. Oa the other hand, dike administration of
the medicine in a fluid stain be followed by vomiting
the practitioner can have no means of knowing
whet' rvrtlon of the dose has beep "ejected so as
toonable biro to supply the deficiency. In this way
be loses Lisreckoning, bewilder. himself, and un
der such chtuaistanms, in a malignant easel he may
lose his patient..
in adjusting the doses of the medicines, I di ,
rected leo of the pills containing ten grains of pow
dered opium to he given fora lint date, in the moat
malignant and rapidly fatal form oftbs disease, and
under the alarming and dangerous circumstances
there supposed. I prescribed moos I knew it re
quired some expenenms and tact to graduate, in
such eases, the exact amount of danger. Were
the dose to be ad ininiatered by my own hands, how
ever, or under my own inspection, I would in ma
ny such instances, without hesitatiem, as I have
often done. and always with success, give twelve
of the pills for a first dose. I have given six of the
pills to a little girl of ten years of age, and she
experienCed no narcotic effects from the dose, hut
00 the contrary, slept none all night, rind hod quite
recovered and was walking about next day. All
the other doses mentioned will be amply sufficient
diet dose for all the other forms of the disease for
which they were presented.
I shall pursue the subject in my next.
I have the honor to be, dee.
G. S. H.
01, St. Anne Street, Liverpool, Feb. 2, 1848.
LETTER lii.
_ - -
Ocrrcesscr—l have stated that the mode of
treating cholera, decaribed in the preceding letters,
if timely, sklilditly, and vigorously employed, will
cure the disease to every instance. Whet I mean
by timely employed, is any time before the disease
has earned the patient late collapse. When the
serous, or watery part of the blood,all, or nearly all,
escapes into the ..ioutach and bowels, the remain
tag crassamentutoa or fibrinous part of the blood,
becomes too crude to circulate. The pulse then
ceased to be felt at the wrist, and the body becomes
as cold as ice. communicating to the touch a souse
of wildness never felt in the human body under any
other circumstances, whether dead or alive. This
is called the collapse stage. Now, after the dirge
has arrived at this stage, little good can be effected
by medicine. The recoveries from this stage am
to be chiefly attributed to the eir median.
rune. This us not a mew assertion. It basbeen
proven; I have seen more balance, of recovery
from collapse in persons who utterly refused to
take say medicine whatever during the whole
canna of the disease, than I have witnessed in
those who had been treated by the popular reme
dies. These nem persons of peculiar habits of
body--thin, lean, emaciated habits, with little
amine or CIIISS•1131421.13121 in their blood. The great
advantage which these persons enjoyed, in Ilita
case, from the tenuity of their blood, was, that the
heart, arteries, sinuses, and tuna, did not become
obstructed by the masses of dbnne which obstruct
the simulation in the collapse stage in those of
more robitat habits, and of more healthy bodies and
sounder constitations. I have been called in, on
passing, to see an emaciated old woman, lying on
a truss of strew, an a cold damp earthen poor, per
body nod features collapsed, clammy and cold as
a taus st ice, with scarcely nay covering over
hatoind with not a vestige of a pulse to be felt at
the wpa, or any part of Me extremities. She was
urged with =CM. bunting thlrat, and, with her
hoarse stridulous voice she cried incessantly fin
cold water, which was no sooner • awallowed them
it was rejected from the stomach- This poor area.
tore I could not perstmule to take any medicines
but I directed hot substances robe applied round
the body and exttemeties, and to allow her urgent
desire for cold water to be gratified. On pacing
next day I had the extreme gratiflmtlion to find
her ant of danger, her pulse fell, scat and regular;
the natural heat of the body restored; the veins
full, and the countenance and hands restored to
their natural appearance. Such instances as this,
in both sexes, have frequently come under my ob
servation; bat more freepreatlY it , the case a.od
women than in men of the same ages I think it
right here to state that, from the nature of the dis
ease, no person of a robust, corpulent habit ofbody
could recover tram collapse. Let no exertions,
therefore, be spared to arrest the progress of the
dissise, before ft arrive at this stage.
The cramps in the concise stage of cholere are
truly frightful, and the pain produced by them is
mast excruciating. The canoe of cramps in this
stage is different from that which excites them at
the commencement of the disease; I mean before
purging has commented. I have already stated
that.cramps, at the commencement of an attack;
are indicative of its mildness. They prove that
the brain and nerves are not so extensively para
lysed as they are in the more malignant form of
the disease. This can be made more intelligible
to the . reader by illustration. When a certain
amount of uritation is applied to a nerve, all the
muscles with which that nerve communicates be
come cramped, and more or less pained. Increase
that injury, however, so . to destroy all sensibility
in the nerve, nod all those symptoms and effects
cease. In like manner, when the brain and nerves
are originally, but partially paralysed and impairs'
ed in their energy, this will manifest Itself In the
milder form nod character of the symptoms. The
cramps in this case, while they prove that the
the brain is the original scat of attack, and that its
functional powers have been disturbed, also prove
by their existence, that its total energies have not'
been completely ovorthrown. In the collapse
stage, however, the cramps do not urine simply
from the primary exciting cause; but from the
shock which the brain loia sustained from the mid.
den 'hustler depletion which has taken place; as
we see exemplified in animals which have been
bled to death, which generally die convulsed,—
The brain, being suddenly deprived of the pocking
and bracing support given to it by the blood los
nee tie pester, and, from that loss of power, it fails
in its command over the voluntary muscles; and
these muscles in coasequeucea, exert their uncon
trolled contracting power in the way we are them
do in the fearful cramps which occur in the col
lapse stage of this disease. That the cramps In
the collapse stage are produced by thin cause is
clearly proven by the result of an accidental ex
periareut which occurred in a cue which shall be
described in this letter.
With these preliminary observations, I proceed
to state that, though remedial means avail little in
this stage of cholera, it is still even hero, the duty
ofthe practitioner to give his patient every chance
of recovery which his skill affords. From what
, has already been stated in this and in the preed
ins letters, the reader will perceive that the indi
cations of cure, in this stage, are to restore the en
ergy of the brain and nerves, as far ea this it now
practicable, and to refill the depleted•circulming
vessels. The accomplishment °libeler objects can
be effected only by the means already directed in
the primary stages. The same medicines and cor
dial stimulants may be here given fora first dose
with equal freedom, as they were directed to be
administered in the primary Stages. The only ob
jection to this is, that Patients who die in this stage
for reasons formerly stated, generally die comatose,
or, in other words, sleep away, as it is called, so
that if a large dose of opium were given. sod the
patient were to die. as it is most likely he would,
his friends or relations might naturally suppose
that the large dose of opium had caused him to
sleep the sleep of death. In treating this stage of
the disease. the circumstance referred to should be
explained to the friends of the patient before any
medicine be given. For the reason just stated, I
always, in such cases, try the etreets of four of the
antspnernodic pills, and the draught, with she cor
dial stimulants, for a first dose, till I see if this and
the other remedies are likely to prove succeasful,
when if necessary, a little mom may he given. In
this stage, however, the fields having been already
dmind off, there is seldom any, or, at lent, much
purging, so that Boor of the pills will be generally
sufßeient; as they, and the other medicines and
cordial stimulants, are ordered here with a
view chiefly to restore the tone and energy of the
brain and nerves The second indication of care,
in this stage of cholera, namely, to re-fill the deple.
ted circulating vessels, can, as formerly stated, he
accomplished only through the agency of the ab
sorbent vessels opening on the internal mimes.—
' The grand agent, and the only one, which we
have at command here, as in the primary stagei,
for exciting those absorbents into vigorous action
is perspiration, produced by the application °lex..
ternal heat as formerly directed: and this agent
will here attain muse the absorbents to riecoinplinh
the object desired id re-filling the depleted circula
ting vessels, eves in the collapse stage of cholera;
but the patient, notwithstanding, will die. unto,.
his recovery be favored by such a habit of body on
I have described alma°. No patient with any'
other habit of body can recover out of collapse in
choler. For though, through the mesas directed,
the depleted circulating Irene/a may, and will, if it
be tried, be completely refilled. still, if the patient
he ore robust corpulent habit of body, such fibrin
ous obstructions and congestions will have occur:
red as will assuredly prove fatal; and the medical
an affords no means for removing these. These
GMs have been so themes/My estabisthed, that they.
enable me to foretel. with oertairity, what will be
the result of my efforts for the recovery of a pa
tient Cram the ccitermin .tare oretiorera.
To prove that the depleted circulating vessels
can be effectually re-filled by the combined agen
cy of perspiration rind drink, I shall now state a
case, which might rather he called en experiment,
though an aeridental one.
A man, sped kiriv-ticvmi of ri thin spare habit
of body, was tiered with violent symptom, ot
at there celoek. e. m. I was called to him at
eight the same morning On entering the house,
I heard him screaming item the •mlenee of the
eramps. I found his ettremilica quite onld nnd av
id; his pulse scarcely perceptible tattle wrist, small,
Buttering. nod very irregular, his maintenance
ghastly; his tare and hands eta livid colour, and the
akin of theglatter shovelled and oorrugated.—He
hod incessant purging end vomiting of a fluid near
ly as clear an water, with en inferable desireliar
drink. He was so weak and exhausted as to be
unable to get out of bed. I had the body and ex
tremities-immediately sorrovadad with jam and bot
tles of hot water, bags of hot salt, and hot bricks,
and, three minutes allerward., I gave him a suits
tee dose of the anuspaamodic pills and draught.
which I 'canned him to wash down with a glass of
btu puc.. The heat was gratifying to hi., nod
wherever a cramp seined him he begged that some
thing but might be applied. During this process I
directed my atterifton particularly to the poise. Af
ter the hest had been thoroughly applied, and the
pills and the hot punch had been administered, the
pulse became gradually more distinct sod full, and,
at the same time, improved in strength and regu
larity. On referring to notes taken at the time,
find that. at the end of fifteen minutes after'the ap•
plication of the external bent, and about twelve
minutes after the administration-a/the medicines
and hot putsch, the cramps had entirely reused
The pulse was then pretty full, and of tolerable
strength and regulanty, the countenance bad be
come more toll and natural; and the hands less
shrivelled; the temperature of the body and esters -
mitres which rose with the put., bed wired nt
the natural standard, non a profuse perspiration is
sued from every pan—The patient expressed him.
self completely relieved. I then love hint a large
draught, as much u he desired, of warm whey, of
which be had been drinking previously In my are.
val. As the symptoms then appeared favourable,
and an exteaslve experience had gives ma the
moat positive assurance of the successful result of
the mode of treatment, I left the patient, promis
ing to be back in half tin hour.—T, at the same time,
gave the attendants a net orders to keep up the
perspiration, and not to let the patient have nay
mom dr.nk in my absence, lest he should throw or
the medioines, bent I directed them to have a jug
of not toam-water prepared at my return. After
taking my leave, I was so pinch pressed by busi
ness that this patient entirely escaped my recoil.,
!lon until, about two hours afterwards, I received
a message that he was as ill as ever. On my way
to hint it occurred to me that if my dlrvctioas had
-been tunctly followed ho most be cramped again,
as the profuse peraprratnan which issued from his
-body when I leA him, it Continued and not sapplied
by dank, mast, hetisre than, have produced a drain
ing effect on the vascular system, equal to that
which had been produced on It by the previous Ms.
charge from the internal surfaces. Accordingly. or
entering the house, I again heard hiscrins; nod was
met by his friends, who, in despair, told me that be
was cramped worse than ever, though they had
renetly followed my directions in keeping op the
heat, and in refusing to comply with his desire (or
drink, which was argent. Though an accidental
espertment,it was one very important and curious,
I was anxious, therefore, to note down, with accu
racy, every particular. Hut face and heads, which
before were livid, were then of a crimson, bee, the
prominences on there pans were sharp, and the de
nreutonti were hollow; the akin seemed to be stick.
tog to the bones; without any apparent intervening
substance; the course of the veins was marked by
hollow lines; the body and extremitlea had become
almost dry, and, on touching them, their morbid
heat and parched state comitunicated to the hand
a very unpleaoant sensation; the respirations were
quick, with great aosiety and pain in the region of
the heart; and the thirst was most urgent There
had been no discharge tram either annuach or bow
els eller the medicine. had been administered. The
pulse at the wrist was felt like the ticking of a '
watch, arielarvals of a few seconds; fluttering very
quick,and presenting to the finger a degree of small
ness similar to that of a very fine needle. Keeping
my finger placed on the pulse, I ordered the patient
to drink warmitoast-water, ad Laitum. The rapid.
ity with which the drink was .absorbed, and the
sudden effect produced an the pulse by it, were
very remarkable, not a minute having elapsed eller
it was swallowed till I felt a procepuble change.—
The Intervale between the fluttering,' of the pulse
became gradually iihorterand kiss perceptible. As
the pulse becarnefuller, it teems more and more
distinct, till it bounded full and strong. The veins
filled in the some proportion till they became dis
tended like rods., The breathing became umunil,
and the pain about the heart eeased. The cramps
then disappeared, and a profuse perspiration agnin
bawled from every part of the body. This an aa _
curved in the course of eleven Minate?; and the
patient in that time drank above a gallon fluid.
As the vascular system tilled up, the cam E dexam:
improved, till It became nearly natural, but , rather.
florid. The external heat was grathiCky
the temperature of the body was reduced 'robe
natural standard,and the patient felt free from every
complaint. Ile was convalescent , , th e next day,
though weak; and he wan w*kthe &bolo 'oat the
ktarth day. •
Mai neeideelia astuttheeut ettev. the
cramps in tie collapse wage, are cause yltie
vascular depletion. It oho show. bow rapidly
the drink ie carried into 'tire circulating vessels,
when the action of tbe absorbents in excited' by
perspiration.
W hen palmate is the oollageeratage of Cholera
Urgently crave cold wider fie drank,. their desire
in this reseed should he grattfied. At the same
time a little sweet Spirits of nitre should be added
to the cold water, es it proves ..fiery grateful to
them, and, in some inatanctls, prodocea salutary
erects. When the Saipan stage is trotted in the
way I have directed, however r the .patient's.desire
for cold water soon ceases, aiade he relishes hot
drinks best.
Stimulating embrocallous, so much lauded as a
remedy in the collapse stage of Cholera. never did
Rood, however injurious they may have proved.
Neither did frictions, so much / theomMended in
this stage, ever do any good, but alwilr irrvoi
deal of mischief They annoyed the pat tdi they,
excited vomiting, even if it did not previously ex
ist; they Increased his vestlesaness, exhausted his
remainuig strength, and hastened his death.
After the patient has been completely tallied
from the cold collapse stage by the means which
I have directed, and idler the depleted eiretilating
vessels lathe been throughly re-filled, should a
tendency to coma manifest Ilsell with symptoms
of congestion in the brain, 'dons the comae of the
spine, or in the longs, which, if the patient. bemuse
or less of a corpulent, robust habit of body, will
assuredly he the . *we in a greater or less degree,
m one or other or, l} may be, in all of these re
spects, theel ects of scluillcations and copping
may be tried, at the nape of the neck, between the
shoulders, or along the coarse of the thine, or as
may be convenient to wherever the seat of danger
is indicated. Where the coma Is profound, how
ever, the eyes suffused and fixed in their sockets,
with the pupils contracted and insensible to the
stimulus of light, there is no use in torturing the I
patient with remedies: no potent ever did; or ever I
will recover under these circumstances.
What is called consecutive fever in this disease
never occurs unless the patient has either gone in.
to collapse, or appoached very near to it. In no
instance daesit occur unless there have been con
siderable watery disclaims from the bowels. This
fever is caused by the congestions which take
place in different parts of the body; and some die
of it, after having apparently escaped all the lan ,
roe of the disease. These congestions may, in
the consecutive stage, give rise to inflammations
of the brain, stomach, bowels, or other organs.—
Should such Inflammations occur, they will be
best treated by sinapisms, lamentations, and local
bleedings with leeches, followed by blistering; if '
necessary. I have often seen a violent mercurial,
fever, which had been produced by enormous
quantities of calomel, which had been improperly I
administered in the treatment of a mild. attack of
the disease, mistaken for consecutive foyer.
In my next letter I shall notice a few of the most
popular remedies which have been employed in
the treatment of cholera, in these countries, in In
dia, and elsewhere.
I have the Import° be, &e.
G. S. H
51, SL Anne Street, Liverpool, Feb. 5, 1849.
LETTER VIL
Gmeruirmis—Amongat the objectionable reme
dies which have been employed for the cholera,
the first I shall notice is blood letting.
With regard to this remedy, I would remark
that I cannot conceive how coy rational practition
er could think of using, thr the cure of this disease,
a remedy which produce. on the constitution an
effect the very opposite to that which it ahould Sc
his object to accomplish—a remedy which would
aggravate, rather than relieve the symptoms. The
effect produced by bloodletting is relaxation. It
is with this view it is genet ally employed: as, for
instance, in inflammations, and in certain cases of
The depletion of the vaacular system by
blood letting, suddenly. .removing the accustomed
preasure or bracing support from thahrain, has the
effect of diminishing the tone and energy of that
organ, and of mime, of the nervioes system.—
Hence the supply of energy to the muscles is lea
served, and a corresponding dimunition °film con
tractile power of the muscular fibre is prqdueed.
Now, from what has been stated in the preceding
inners, the reader Will at once perceive that a pre
cisely similar date of things take plaiie in Cholera.
I need not say, then, that bloodletting should be
at once discarded from the treatment of the die
! ease; for every man possereed of a reasoning mind.
who has read my preceding letter., will at once
perceive that it deprives the patient of many of hi.
chances of cure; and that, by diminishing the force
of the resiating power of the veraels through which
the serum of the blood escapes, it tends only to
hasten the fatal event. All the symtoms at which
any man could grasp, in jurgifying the use of the
lancet in the earliest steam of Cholera, can he at
once relieved by a free prespiration. I was once
taken to visit a young gentleman, of eighteen years
siege, who was seised with premonitory symp
toms of Cholera. One of the name family had, a
few days before, died of the disease, in a ,few
hours' illness. He complained of great pewcordial
oppre.aion; violent pain over the region of the
stomach, increased by pressure; great sickness and
retching; but nothing ejected froth the stomach, a
painful feeling over every part of the body, as if he
bad been beaten with a stick; mad severe head
ache. His face flushed, his eyeballs swollen and
painful, with a feeling as if they were about to start
from their imcketa; his tongue white, his akin hot
and dry; pulse one hundred and twenty, exceeding
ly foil, ala , ng, and bounding_ Hts bowels had kua
been affected. After cautioning the medical gen
tleman present not to allow such Symptotna, as
Mete of which the patient conviklued, to..betray
them into the use of the lancet in similar cases, I I
ordered the patient a imitable dose ofap i nills sad
draught nresernsea see caseseateg es,
as much mild drink as. would wuti them dawn.—
I then ordered hot substances to be applied to his
feet, and different parts of his body, with a view to
prodnoe prespiration; and, eller giving the attend
ants the necessary directions about what drink he
area
leave. w Tie ' : d t
the blf:pse' he
a s f h ut " idh'
hour, v 7t,L. ` 7l 'n e y d
him, and found him perspiring freely; his akin quite
cook his prise sixty, soft and regular; and he cm'
entirety free from pain of every kind. He declare
ed that be was then as 'veil as ever be had bacons
his life, and expressed a wish to get out of bed:—
The crushing about the heart,and the pains flowed
off with the ceripiratioa. He said that he had not
perspired many minutes WI he was free from pain,
sickness at stomach, and every complaint. He
had quite recovered, and was walking about next
day. I need norwaste your valuable spare, or the
reader's time, with further comment on so absurd
a remedy as bleeding.
The next remedy which I shall notice is calomel
—a medicine which, in these and nil other awn
viol, has been universally used for the core of the
disease.
Calomel, like blood letting, tends only to hasten
the fatal termination in cholera. It does more—
Those who escape or recover, in spite of the ef
fects of ti, dot* at the expense of a ruined most.
Whoa. The reasons wtuali are given by medical
writers for urine it in that disease are abanrd, and
are founded on a total misconception ribs nature.
Some say that they give oriemel, combined with
opium, as a stimulant. "Powerful stimuli," say
they. Opium, as has been already stated, is a
powerful and very valuable stimulant, but the
chief stimulating effect produced by calomel, in
that disease, is on the mucous membrane of the
stomach and intestines; inemaring the discharges
from them, which it should be the object to prevent.
Mr. Orton, in his work on "Cholera" says that the
calomel was tinted adhering to inflamed patches
fat the internal euriace of the stomach and into,.
tines of many of those who died of cholera in In
dia No doubt it had stimulated these pasta with
a vengeance! The following see that gentlelnan's
words;--•Calomel was frequently found at the
bottom of the fluid contents, and adhering in vari
ous places to the mimes coat." In a note ap+
pended to the same he adds—q have been infor—
med by a pmetioner In whose observation I have
great conf i dence , th at be had frequently killed this
medicine adhering, chiefly, to those parts of the
stomach which were inflamed." (See Mr. Orlon's
Essay on the Epidemic Cholera °Stadia, page 42.1
Here; then, is positive evidence of the destructive
effect., of calomel, even in India—the 'boasted
birthplace of the practice.
Others, again, say that they adnuniator the calo-
mel with a stew to restore the biliary accretion,
which they allege is suspended In the'cllsease.
On this subject I beg leave to observe, that the
i
*einem, ton of the accretions in cholera s not the
mom but the rifict of the morbid action. When
the morbid motion is corrected, the seeming organs
generally resume their tanctioes without any as
ostance. And even though they should hot, it is
only oiler the disease has bean cured that writ.
eine will have any salutary effects on those or.
gum First, thee, cure the disease; and afterwards
if necessary, let attention be directed to the secre
crelluna. 1 would remark, however, that though,
fin a very obvion• reason, the suspension of arms
01 a ohorsetcristio symptom of cholera, yet it does
not appear that the Secretion of bile is ever, ear
soy length of time. suspended in thatdisease; even
though it does hot come off In the discharges.—
On a cod martens examination of the bodies of those
who have died of the disease, the gall bladder has
always been found distended with bile. It is not,
therefore, al, mach s suspension of the Deceit=
of thle, an retention of that fluid, which accounts
for its.non appearance se the discharge*. Did
time and space permit", I could satisfactorily ex
plain the cause ails retention In Cholera. Ido
. .
not conceive it right, however, to allow that expla
nation to occupy the space which should be allot
ted to important matters; particelarly as when the
disease was cured I never knew an Instance in
which the secretory organs did not resume their
fenctioni; and even though calomel should not
counteract the effems of other remedies, which it
duos, or produce destructive effects on the comala
cotton. I cannot nee any use in employlig it in a
disense where it has no time to act. lithe dia..
ehnrges be made profuse nod watery and follow
each other in quick succession, as, in • malignant
ease, they generally do, they may carry the pa
tient beyond the boundaries of human aid in leas
than an hour. In such cases the calomel has not
sufficient time to be absorbed, even though the 'M
anhunt vessels were in a fit aisle to take it up—
The absorbents on the internal stance, in that
however, do not sclat'alt, ill!' the morbid
act ion is corrected. Those cases', in which
calomel produced salivation; 'd not deserve the
name of cholera,
The advocates for the use of onion:wile cholera
say that an their patients who have been salivated
by that medicine have recovered; and this alleged
fact, they presume, is en ailment in favor of ita
moplogmeotfor lbe . cure of Mar disease. Now to
those who do not a aderstand the subject, this would
appear to be a very prausible"trgement. A little
examination, however, will 'how the fallacy of it.
First, I would remark, that many have been sub
jected to treatment for cholera, who never had the
disease at. oIL Becondly, during the prevalence of
the diseste,individual cues do sometimes, nay of
ten, occur. le which the vu seediestriz* ruder*
would Auccieed in throwing of the disease without
the aide( remedies, or in spite ofthectisint
erecerathe calomel And, lasdy,npium, welch'
is 'gene:tart administensd-Ideonlotrodriti-clitlitlie
ca%melt ended sadden:St perspiration may 2aDci
`mod in curing a very mild causal thiamine/ as:
hitaalready been stated, wit,itus im k u t the prop.
udicial effects of the latt medicM Now
ever catoinel may remain in'the stomach alias in—,
testi:me of these patients, seer lb* 'dloesusel=S
Wee 'cured, Will, no doubt, be itbseittedl Mid
salivate them in good earnest, mid win thin; alter
the cure of the disease by other remediet, rodeo°
a flew disease, to some cases worse than cholera
Muir Hundreds have, In this way, been no.dhas.
:bled sold be rendered incapable of earnint a loaf
of bread for dunes& vet, and have been left to dug:
out a miserable existence with shattered'andruin=
ed constitutions; from the' erects of eakiebel- ad
,mittisteritdbithenxiir titte . -etarict Bet
none of:these facts trove. that .the eel:into!, or th e.
ealivatient Produced by it, had any efileatf in the
-comet the discs= - trratarnet.
act on.the system.in any Wayto produarestratiolt!
until' the morbid action constititting
bas been Counteracted and inverted etther teen;
agency Oodles remedies, or bythe reacnire . 45 .. .t0i#r!
or nature ;hers&
The enormous quautLies of calomel Whiehlireie ,
given to patients in Cholera, Oaring the prevalent.
o(the divas* in these ecruntrieswere of themselves
suffielentro-dettroy life;etenikongtriWilar' - yulgid
to-whomtheywere administered had Nein; et the S
time, free from any specific disease. Twenty gridna
of calorneland two groins of apiumetoberepeated ,
every two hours till the symptoms . sbcmld abate,
were directed to be given in:the books and pimp!"
lets published on theambiect at that pariah phy,
widen, whom nbasst.vicar of gone with in , Eng;
bradln *letter pnblietted in the L Tiasernews .
paier,about two months ago,' says that the beat ro.•
medy he ever saw employed landit nem in New:
York ho had seen It) was twenty groins of opium'
for one dote. A phyticien toldreyselfthat his dose:
was forty grains of calomel and two. grates of opi
, ' um. I shell content "myself With onlyene specimen
of the extent to which thecelomelieiti prdeticehee
been earned. A man wad admitted too the Serest
hmital, whose mouth . this tteatiti 'haematite*
sealed up from the effects of calomel; which had
been administered to him for The rum of as alleged:
snack or Cholera, so that no hoed conhihe =rimy.;
ed into bin stomach but 6o:climate gruel, or milk;
and these he had hassek in throughnporturet bet
ween his remaining teeth- Sack an,Fpptiya
coriation and ulceration cif tbeintrit,jews,lips,and
cheeks had taken place,f ro m the sidniating effects
of the calomel, that extensive adhesions htid-fitnia
ed between these surfaces .dutrogbent their whole
extent Eis lips and cheeks adhered fireily,rothe
gums and jaws, so that Mr. Moore, the talented and
skilful sergeon to the hospital, wesoldinedlo Jil
-1 sect thcre.parts asunder, to cut oat mum of
between the inner angels of the jaws, and to=
the inner sides of the cheeks sad lips With link
soaked in oil, to prevent then readheakin to the
subjacent parts, and to gag the jaws asunder with
cork, till these parts healed,—Why unnecessarily
inflict such miteryl - • • •
I bare not only already amply proved that calo
mel is unnecessary for the cure of Cholera, but I
have now show. that it is deouttctive. Dave =sod
from two to three thousand eases without a single •
grain of calomel. I have a right, theretoro, to form
a judgment on the subject. I trait !Astra now set
the bleeding and calcium Using mode or treader Cho
lera at rest; and as I have directed %mode of treat,
tog that disease which, If timely and stolfelly ent:
played, will Oci.laly CUM It in every {mince, I
shall not delay further by noticing any nano of the
nostrums which have been recommended for its
treatment
In conclusion, lest any one, from the Gitegning
remarks, should be deterred from the use (dunk.
mel in other diseases Where it may be reqnisite,
would observe, that we do not possess a more We
or a more valuable medicine ashen skilfully :ad4
ministered, in eases where its use Is prciper.
I have the tumour to be, dm,
G. B.s
61, Annscerea, Lnatrpool,. Jew. I 2 1546..
By the President of the United States.
1, JAMES K. POLE, President e,f the United Statea
of America, do hereby deelans and - make Imams, that
public sale. wilt be held at the mderinernierusd 'land
elec.. In the State of MICHIGAN, at the periodontal.:
inafter designated, to mile.
At the land office at the SAULT STE. (MARIE. foe
the
."Lake Superior District,. eommeneing en Mondey,
the kindle day of Jane next, for roe disposal of the ao.
ametreast. putdie lands within the following named
townships end fractional townships, to wit: '..
North of the base Lim and Wat of the principal
Meridian.
Fractianal townships aseven, and thirty -eighti
together with SnAlmer islan ofrenge nineteen-
Frectionel townships -eight, thirty-man and
forty, of range twenty.
Fthetional townships thirty-nine and krity, of range
twenty-one.
Fractional townships thirty-five and thirty-six, of
range twenty-font.
Fractional townsnips thiSy-three, that r-font, and
thirty-five, and township thirty-.lx, of range twenty.
five.
Fractional townships nutty two and thirty-three, and
tnarnships thirty-four and thirty , five, of range twenty
six.
Fractional townships thirty-one and thirty-two, and
townships thirty-three, thirty-four, thirty-live and for ,
ty six, of range twenty-seven.
Fractional townships tbnry-two and thirty-three,
and township forty-six, of range twenty-eight.
Terwnstupe forty-three and forty-eV, of range twen.
iy-note.
Townships lbrty-three and forty tlx, of nap? thi rty,
Townshipforty-sig. of range thinpotte.
AT TNT Loft PLAZA, 00MMenan on Monday, th 4
eighteenth day of Jane next, for the disposal of the n .
ricuhural patine lends within the folloW:ing nu,pi
townships end fractional rim '
North Of the . Bats lane aid' 1 en ilftArprinc*4
. Fractional neurons twenirffireand nareg4e, gong
of the exalt hey of Agate. Harbor, in township filly:
..airier ea ...r.tA,Tte_.: ---'
, —.....e.ie esesTurTAnson
filarliSi-IoTTI
Fractional townships sixty-six and sixty-meaty on
lath Royale, of sage thirty-three.
Township finy-ons, and fractional townships sixty,
six and sixty-.evert, on Isle Royale, of range ndrry -
amt.
Townships fifty and fifty-one, and fractional town.
ships slaty-five end sixty-six, on Isle Roy.* of range
thirty five.
Township fifty-one, end ßeetionel township. sixty.
three, strry-four, and sixty-five, on Isle Royale, of
noire thirty-.ix.
FrACtiol3lll townshipa sixty-three, sixty-font, en 4
any-ate, an Isle Royale, of range thaty-ween.
Township fifty, and fractional townships sixty
and and sixty-font. on Isle Royale, of range thirty-eight. re
Township fifty, and fruceonetonmships sixty-ilsted
and sixty-four, on fete Royale, of range thirty-nine.
Townships forty-nine, fifty, and tiny-two, of rang
forty. ,
Toler:mint, forty-nine, of range forty-one.
tY7T o o=dfogy.ni .. n . e 4 o . f . ,:f: fe.7.47.1.
saga 1...
three.
Townships forty-sere a end forty-nine, of rine fort
ty-foor.
Townships forty-seven and forty-nine, of range for.
ty-five.
Fractional township forrynthe, of vamp forty-six. ,
Fractional townships forty-six mid fortydeve .
township forty-eight, and fractional township forty
nine. of range forty-seven.
Fractional towethipe forty-seven, forty-eight, an
font'-nine, of range forty-eight .
Fractional township ray-eight, of ranN i ttia- y ruta
AT ran aura macs, {commencing on
third day of September nail, (pe the &spots( of 4 did
public lands within the townships and fractional tow*
slims above enumeeated, which have been„na stud
be, reported before the they of sale, ee eordatning eo
per, lead, or other valuable ores, to be offensd An tit
on loarter.qiiarter stations, as not leen than des dol
tars per were, except the section.. end pane! Cil•endsliat
if any, covered by titplC miaingleases, which shall
be determined by the dap fixed for - the cominni
shad
be,
of the patine sale, in aceendlutms with the pmt[{
dons of the net approved on the let day *Mardi
'1047, entitled "An act to establish a land oleos ih t he
n part =Michigan, and to provide tbrnsel=l4
of the mineral Iwnts in the Stain of fdtettigann 1
At the land office at 101014 commencing en Mon,
day, the fourth day oflnne next,for-the disposal of the
public land• within the anderenention. fractional
townAtipe,el.
North of the Bass Lno, inn( Wag if the prisimpal
Mend' ient.
Fractionaltownship. tweility-one, and twearynat4
witrun the (=met Indian Reserve, on Mamma titer,
oi l ` appropria ted by law for the ore of schools,
military, and other purposes, will be excladedHrimil
Mendes,
Ilie offering of the shove-atentloned lands will bd
commenced on the day. appointed and procerdin the
order in which they are advertised, with In denCnltth!
ant despatch, th e whole shall we beitnarifeit
and the sales thus elosol. Bat no sale shall be kept
open totter than two weeks, and no private. entry or
any en the lands will be ad mi tted tour the aspiration
of the two weeks
Given wader my hand, et the dry ofliyasha u Too
this twenty-seventh day of February, Anna ,
one thousand oighthuodrod and ferty wem inlma i.
porav i
By the President:
RICHARD M. YOUNG,
()emanation= of theaencrel Land ofaco.
Notice to Inners and PreeZsghpthims
All unions who were, at thane:sage of the ant af
let of blotch, 1947, In posseasien, by actual mupa.
oy, of any portion of the mineral lands embraced 14
this proclamation, coder arattority of a keener - -welt'
ten permit from the Secretory of War, for the pupae
of reinbag thereon, t.
and an..vans who shall twin pot
mate, by smut occupancy, of a mine Of mines ea
. ,
belly discerned before the lst of March, 1847,:and get
forth to the net of to Muth, 1847, above mentioned'
ifs etithorixed to enter and purchase the same • arth
011 the 12193 s and conditions, and to the • eau
prescribed by that act, and ea leis, at any time beG7
tho day fixed for the commencement of the, mile of
those mineral lambi, on maltirt proof of persiassind
and occupancy, and orenmplinnee with Iltosi`'tenns'
to the revue; and receivet of the land ofdep, aubleci
awappeal to the Secretary of the Traianryt and a
patients entitled to the right of pleremption to any o
the agrieulmnl lands embraced•ld dna - puielataabon,
are required to establish the tame to the satitiactina of
the register and "VOLVO?, OA Wale piyintinftherefot
ai soon as pranticable after teeing Wad:ulna. and re thei t t l e4
fo day eppalated for the etunmeneement of
public sale of the lands
th embragng tlus.tiliet aimed,
oerwise such preemption cis= will b e frild cl ted.
The etutillento of the mineral agent at snail 810 his.
vie, that pence, holding under Ours or penults, of
those in the occupancy of a minuaratatimy bone paid
up the per mat= of rem .required by Ile apt abate
mentioned, will beicanclealte on that point
- Pennies oceupyuig ander lease, or permits, will not
be permiued to relic:push their rights tinder that um.
ciaoy, and enter as settlers; end where any such leas.
permits may expire before the day etude, the
datum panted to the bolder. thereofbe regarded
as reaming the landa covered *stay from entry no.
der any other right nil the day of sale, when they will
be ofared arpublie sale as mineral lands.
RICHARD iII...YOUNG, canunissionec
To the Pub/le.
The "mineral lands^ Included in the (uneaten* pro
clamatien are chiefly situated between Lake Tier
and the Montreal 'river, and on Isle Reran), the
northern penitent& of Micidnan, and are rends inat
mensal) , trainable by the =harmless mines of copper
and other ores found therein
A conaiderable number of those mines bare already
been discovered in the trap ranges, within a few nailed
of Lake Superior, and from the geological chametelt
of the country, and the esplorations already. made, It
canned be doubted that others stuusaa.y, I( 00 male
valuable, will be found throrrghout this whole 'online.
ral regima"
In *ems of the mines note worked, copper is found
utmost pp m in fact, molt of the native , oner
and oresyield • pester per tentage than spy
et
yet discovered in the world. Silver b also. Mend t e ,
considerable quantities.
.All the neemisitry nraterlals for the eeeatmetlen of
fornecee, and fuel for Malaillea are found in abundance
in the immediate neighborbead ;Atha mineral.
The climate in the winter, though cold, floes no; in
tcraws the °pennons of the =Mend la met, that ma •
aea le 'considered th e malt reverent* for their opera-
Muss.
The proximity edema mlnend lamb to the ahem of
take thipetiOkoneehleireretwrend saaaandsaeallant
hartersiand the Mann nommenleadea thatettam.ler
CISZ=i
tthOSaaalt
Ste. Earle, likes Gan Erie. Iko, daub&
relay Means of Weathering the predates ottinthe
hada to the principal markets of the 'trailed Statesso
• D r &U,l r "gam' noO de Wiellsiirriiii'hme.,--
thieltha spit Morthrlands lalr pripria••;!.
e i nttlaeusealoallairyweyetaidtwead vanirdtimbrui.
dance, anti, when properly Illied,they hatebeenftenth
liitethithdethr irrn crops eget and tor' these — prow.
duets, • fair price and good surket will be found at
thri_Wnes.
Truther.-enth white and yellow ping, mow
bi+os many Ylletar — rerY .
abundant. en 4 lty Oa thrift, growth eras. eetelepettetf
the lichees. of the co!!.
Idam, showing the kwallues of the wines and Warn
'minable information relaunnthenno, decreed horn the
geologic.) aerneY, ike.,'whitti cannot be embraeed In
thu briednotice, will be peepeTheand detrained tinthe
Wad ellthe at the Sault Sne. Marie for mpection.
early aspraenuble, before the countencentent en he
inthith eau. , • RICEIARD.SLYOUNOr e.
Coausdeek*iof the General Land Orden
epTalluththw • . •
sr the Pram!dant or the Vatted Slates.
'tit'legrraltVeAMW g a t r E A i Pi re i l tum
Athenea, o ere y Ate
sad make Lent, that Sebile idles
mill be Iteld
=dense awned land ees la the gitate
estN, lit the periods hereinafter denasted, tell:
At the laud °filth at th e Faga of gt. ellent AIWA
canimancnig on Monday, the Swarth dof itthe dext.
teethe &spoilt' et the pabhe Inds sham ay
ed within the
andennenuoned Totwashipi sad pans of Tama*,
Tic
ivonkfrii. Banff and Watt cirdisibuttAgirini
Xmas&
Frant=al- townehip Sifters... Ave; and tolirtiilol
pre,ory•sif, thirty,thistrone,,and thlity-rwo, areal%
weenie!.
Fractional townships twerity-Ilve 'and sweaufficit,
ibinri:camb thillY - tnoc, and Ituny.three,
of range eignieeni
Fractional townelop tensely-a nod bransbips
tweaty-niae, thirty-three, and thqty-foto., of,
Pitlfieerl.
Townships thircralistekthinydanr, And thirty4lvir, of
tireetT•
, init sono 'Lao, commencing on . •
thifil dal of Soptenflier next, for the disponi ofoll eh/
public landsunthinihe towashipoapd (funeral town.
-ships above eunnittilea, which have been or shall be,
reported before the day of sale, as emstaitholf. copp er, c
lead, or other valuable ores, so be offered fan a
quasterlaanar sections, at not less than Ens'doll
per acre, except the Stre(101111 mad parts of, se I f
any, covered by those trithisbr leases which shall no be
determined by the day fixed tor the commence= of
thew:ado bale, is ateordmice with the previa° of
tire ae; approved op the third day of ?ironical/I •
hitulrodAnd fatty-seven, entitled ' , An Act to ett lean
additional land district to the Territory of IV (W
-SW, nab for other purposes.” , .
Al She land calms MINERAL POINT, eons o
ctagon Monday, the eighteenth day of lone fee
the disposal of thayacant public lands within tint on
earraentlimed townships and pasts Ofsownshipt. yin
Nora olds Bats Line and Win of rho Anwril
principal
Township, fourteen, fifteen And =teen, of range
Townships fonneep, fifteen, and - sixteen, of lingo
o.
Toarnahipe twenty, twenty-onii, andqwen'titoro, of
ge three. .
Townships nin eteen, twenty, twenty-one, end men
.two, of range four.
Townstups nineteen and twenty, of range five.
Townstdpi eighteen, nineteen, and twenty, of tango
Townships eighteen, nineteen, and twenty, of range
,}even.
Townships eighteen, nineteen, and twenty, of range
to glottal {township eighteen, mad toWnstdPs Wee
teen and twenty, of range nine.
Fraetional township eighteen; and townships nine:.
teen and twenty, of range ten.
Fractional townaitips eighteen and nineteen, and
trointaldp twenty, avenge eleven.
r.Fgactional itnansnips nineteen and twenty, of nurgi
twelve.
Fractional townshv twenty of range thirteen. •
Lands appropnamd by la for the ure of ioelmely
wintery, and other purposes, will be excladed &cm
• the Wes.
The offering of the above rationed limas will ba
commented on the day. appointed, and proceedin the
.ardcr In which lbey are advertised, lath, all cOlVfe
them despatch, until the whole shaft hart been crer•
ed, and the sale. thus cloud. Bat no sale shall he
cot open longer than two weeks, and no minds en.
toy ninny of the In de will be chinned mull after the
. •
expindion of two weeks.
Given wider my hand, at the city °Washington,
this Twenty-seventh day of Pcbmary, Anne. Domm
onethousand eight hundred end Pony-ni ne lty.the Preeldent JAMES IL POLL
HICILSILD M. YOUNG,
Connalssuver of the tientral Land Ofilet. •
To the Public.
The lands embraced in the above pmelsonatlon
located principally on and adjacent to the klisaissippi
mid St. Croix men These designated es taineraf,
.are extremely valuable{ broaase in addition tette
copper and other ere. found to them, they are well
"Watered, and have ready teems to market; either to
the South, by the Miniselypi river or to the EMI, by
Me way of the lakesoind th e seve ral lines of commu
nication that connect therewith. -.
, Valuable- timber era all mbar necessary regulates
fin building and melting; nrn Ontud la peat lane-
Vance, and of the finest quality. The climate heal
,thy and pleasant—the cold being rarely mote looms,
than in the northern pin of New York—anditany of
.the tends are exceedingly fettle, proMixtbolnfl the
tram =I vegetables that can bo rased ,4:1
chums or northern Nem York.
. .
Maps showing the loca li ties of the odnaviiind other
Toleable tnfertnalion reladog thereto, derived flout the
k filr:l ehh r mgaltne ft 4 th l :ffateneeWilhe prepared and d l
land oflke at Si. Creiz for inspection neatly &spree
doable beton, the oeamteneement ofther pnMle eakt
Notice to Pre-emption Claimants.
Every person entitled to the right of pre-emputnsf*
nnyonhelands within the townstupsandpsopt of town
ships above enumerated, fs required to establish the
aames , toMessai.lsfaction of the regineesuul remaivelet
the per land office, and make payment ktiguturaa
soon is practicable after seeing this rtotlCe, - Imitihe:
fore tbs day- **pointed for the oommentemeattof the
pattilo ribs of the „Made embraeinit thit imot chimed. otherwise such claim will ba tort :het
RICIiARD 11. vistrpid, -
Caremisti t ro o r of dint:imams! Lunt Mims
• 4SALLa ay. sr. 42,asniith. — "
The
11tiy of Jos" and dm man day of
.0a rover
rnments tom,
will not be held; • new Domucr barley been organ's-
.1 ant of part of that District lyingin the thereof .W.
moo" and the land office for that put in lb. !Territory
of hltrinstrra having been directed to be fammed to
&mimosa" from and after the thirdellt . dity of Auto
nem, by act of Congress, approved fdarch Parlitda.
By the President Z. TAYLOR.
ILICHARGX- YOUNG.
Commisatoner of the General Land dittei.
March 3042,18. v". ap9-ditlawititr
•
tALr
• OSALS YOB. L LOLB. -
HE thiny-eighth section oPtheiri4nethe Gehical
T
Assembly of this Comeenwealibeentitled"Ati
to provide for the ordinary expenses ache Ger cm
mann the repair ef the 'Cant' and . Raileradi of the
Commonwealth, and the payment °Caber ehlimarbler
by the same ,^ approved the tenth day of A{4 4 .1 6... t. Lt.
one thousenit eight kundred and formilear;
'Thar the Governor erne Ceneronweihh. :and be
is hereby authorised to borro w{ on the faith of a Com.
motnalth. arid of the reven uehareinatteAtaeritioned,
and which to hereby specifically pledged Tax the pay,
- merllbfthe interest and re.pairmeet of the principal,
the auto of ihar hundred tMurand dollara. and ince
certificates of loan therefor, ter m nable in thirty Imre
from data be peid. into the Infernal Implement*
fund, and appropriated to the edltuma ander Oa
act, the raid loan to bear interest ate rate not agreed
tag sit per eent per annum, payable italf.yeatty; j n
ape Cie, on the first day or Jammu and July, mho mgm
ed the Inclined Plane Lora" It tamp er, provides,
'feu there shall be annually set apart' bp "the C.
mission:3 of the laternal ImproveareM out of
revie.nelQbect:Llz,:f. I. l ...thlvarus i ar; the
.inmrm to.
morimd, theme:ref thirty.thousand dollaraper tom%
and tt shall be the duly of the Wild Conimissioner,
after paying the interest, annually,' te intim street.,
_piss, tegatinm
to
etherteulatn of intarmp r ltrche..
said roan; or ID any loan of the Commonwealth,
if the said Mae newt be petchued at Ito pervalms,
the said investment to form a antrum fund for the ft.-
..temple. et thePrinciPat ar materity..! .
In penance of the provniona afordnio, manna ta
HUM onnstlas proposals wilt be received at the
offiere of. the Secretary of the COrunformeadh, until 4
o'clock, of Tetateday the thirty-ftna day of May
sent, for lonamr. M the Commonwealth, for the puts
poses get forth intheaaid Oct. the:rt
of of FOUIANUN
ESEEITHOUSANEO DOLLARS, t a rate interest
not exceedurgalnPcr arm -J.. • muy oeYehie kWh
yearly, In specie, at the Troutuir of the Common..
wealthi-the raid leant* be redeemable in thirty years
after date..
Cuff:else eitetoek Tor the said loan; in the - oinai
manner or agreeably teethe forme thereof, will be l e .
coed by the Governor the same being transferable by
the owner or otortlentlo the books of the Auditor Gen
ord.
The proposals will he require:no state expllelrly the
=own offered—winch shall sot in soy eels be leek
than um hundred pones - -the rate of interest nettrk.
• ceeding six per cent' and fie premium proposed,'
•
titan reserves the right to anent the whole ard.viy
pan o( the iota offered, unless the proposals ir}gp.b.,
to the earmaty. Bids I'M the loft must he e t ir e it
explicit. No conditional or hypothetieuly,enpeeel, e gi
be received. Upon the neepUtuat of %re_ prom*.
the money taut be paid Into the State Thu ut ri
yes
mach DmporSions and 11.4 SUCh,dirt.d, sie the Governor
shall direct or appoint, and upon &live." , a th e re.
ipt. therefor from the Tretentrafreeertf came of um lt
will be tuned in such amoulitt. es may be requested
the'lehdera
The proposals to he dimmed ander seal to tits office,
endorsed "Proposals far toau"-khey Will not be ope]
ed ee disclmed until ihn'lnriod for receiving theta liga
elapsed, afar which no alteratim. is the tannawillhe
admitted ' TORMSEND HAINES.
Secretary of the Coumsonwealtkii
• -
w it The Secretary voitdd brtog to the bodied - thou
to loan or the Coannotnrcibla, the ilia. that
the s 3o tOth) tat nen to the ( outlying. on, fottOo pay.
%ant orlatarerton the loan thertlnauth iOyd; irfen
thanthe atm% now ,Dail annually f act
the reclined Plana and-hence; .the W thtta
made deea not ele - rlalafi the annual ' of the
Treasury. torallatak
. .
Thy lEtroarxiswille Water Our' elteiktwile — li-
meat. yi net
RS. BARU, /i, MASON, in returning Their pate.
fel aeltumeledgments to the friends of the
1 . 1 and to a dbeerntng publie in primal, for the lib
ere patromegis hitherto received, sanoenee at the
time. thee .tnat they have made essential 'themes
-merits to the interior at well as the eateries ettldb es.
101.1311mM, during last CO and winter, whish, will
greedy enhance the coma:orb end- amusements Of in
valids, who intend to vielt this ploee during the ensu
ing glatlithef.
AU the prevailing dtseasee alie treated hcre,thd they
will endeavor to keep op the reptuation the establish
ment has woo through the west, by met attention to
patients that count themselves under there - moo,
In enter to undergo the treatment, petunia horn le
provide themselves with two woollen bletneets, • Pito
Cotton sheets, three comfortables or a tight leather bed
and do towel,. Terms,liz dollars, payable weekly.
mrAdtro
Terms ed the Pittsburgh Gazette:
All subscriptions musi be paid in *ths:mei 0f 4.11
Club subseripiorts will be • disco= tuned al tM mdo y
the time for *bleb they am paid.
VOA Prrissuaon DAILY 0411 . 11%.
For one copy (or one year .............. • • •
Foa
ne Fir/simian Tat-Wasty Gsswif: 43
For o copy (or one year .............. —***-
Fon Prrnotrams WAMILY a. 151 0 7.
For ona copy for one year. ....... ' ''''''''
4."
For three copier Gir one year ''''''''''''''' 5°
For air copies for one year -...-.• r.
r .
...... • .... 9 00
For tan copies for on e yea......... 131°
... 00
For twenty copies for one year ......... •
Err We wl,l, It Ulldalib.d calcialliii k" ' 14 00,1
reduced eery to those who tate the paper in crabs err
knee, aiz, An —and thude pupae for each
Oinpaois
be addressed to one panne 01 one Foot Ofikdk AIL
who hare their names entered n0.9t0 books, and on
their paper, th d w ith whom we bare to keep separate
fa per mummy La heretofore,
althensfhthrry may coin • itertknt ,
QT Notes of all vial. plias /has lc Ike United
Stares are taken for mtbrCtlrio" thi,9V9, 2 4 Yaw-
Money enclosed in a liner to on,
Iced In any Pest 094 a in 4 00 .U 1 499 falliksar) kn
our,rlNA No • 48 • 011, 1 406 9tthe
- 0414444 ti 4 cap" mil* left Ullk iftligailfg