THE PITTSBURGH GAZETTE.- PUBLISHED BY WHITE & PITTSBURGII,II 1. FRIDAY MORNING, DEC:AI 184,EL PHILADELPHIA NORTH AMISHIGAEL Aelrentseinents and Sabseriptiona to the North Amer. roe and Vetted States Gazette, Philadelphia, received and forwarded from this Wien COMMERCIAL LIST AMD PILLLADEL. PHIA PRICE CURRENT. MEEMI==I NEW YORE IMPRESS. We will recerre and forward free of expense, .a vertisements and subscriptions for this paper. U7Taa Prrnuolion DAILY Darren N published TrrWeekly, and Weekly.—The Daily Ls Seven Dollars per annum; the Tri-Weekly N Five Dollars per an the Weekly Is Two Dollars per annum, mica, ges arrears. 11;r - Anvzirrtsess ere earnestly requested to hand in their favors before 5 r, et, so d as early in the day us praeueable. Advertisements not inserted for •spoeb Rill time ili invariably be charged until ordered out. Fos Laren Commercial laxelllgenea.,flomestm, Mar• hem, River News, Imports, Morley Markets, &e. see kind page. Yee next page for Telegraphic Nears For Local 111 pee next pogo. "M. H." must send mat name to the editor be fine the communication can be published. Judge Patton's charge in hiankey's case, and the proceedin ~ a in the trial of Zimmerlee, as far as they have progressed, will be found under the local head. A GREAT CENTRAL RAIL BALD We referred, on Wednesday, to the anxiety with which Cincinnati viewed the Rail Road move menu of Pittsburgh, and to the important idea. that the Penney!rutin and Ohio rail road about to be built, would form the main trunk of s great Central Railway, between the Lakes and the rcv. er, from Pittsburgh to St. Louis. Since then we received the Loutsvuas Jomr.exu, of Nov. With, latish contatne the Mowing article, which to wor thy of the attention of our readers as showing how strong a competition exists for the trade of the great West, and that longer delays would be high ly detrimental to the interests of this city and of the State: "BAIL Roso TO CONNECT LOLISVILLE, AND Sr. Loris.—Ten or twelve yet,rs ago a charter was granted in Illinois to construct a railway from Alton to Mt Carmel, on the Wabash, and one in Indiana fora railroad from Mt. Carmel to New Albany, In diana, two miles below Lewisville. These charters have recently been renewed, and the directors of the two roads are now making vigorous efforts to procure means for their construction, and with the best prospects of success. General Pickering, the president of the first named road, has recently pas sed along the line, and procured handsome sub scriptions from some of the corporations, and he is now applytng for aid to New Albany and Louis ville. He is on his way to the East to lay his schemes before the capitalists of that region, and will early in the session apply to Congress for a grant of alternate sections, am miles on each side of the road, from New Albany to Alton, with the right to locate other sections in lieu of such as are taken up by indviduals. A bill making this grant passed the Senate at the last session, and was des feated in the House by four votes in consequence of some misunderstanding between the friends of a similar grant asked for in the South and the del egation from Illinois There is little or no doubt that the application will be successful at the pres ent session. It is so obviously to the advantage of the Government to make this disposition of its lands on all important routes, and the policy is suu tamed by such distingished names among the op• poneats of internal improvement by the General Government, that we look to this appropriation with great confidence. If it by made, there will be no difficulty in completing the road- We look win this road as one of the most Im portant ones in the Union. If made, it will be a part of the main trunk of railroad communication between the East and the west. This trunk will pass thmugh Lexington to the mouth of Big Sandy, thence to connect with the Baltimore mad or the Richmond road. A glance at the map will show that it is much the shorleat route from St. Louis to Baltimore. while it runs m a latitude in which the snow" are not troublesome nor the crullers long And the route possesses the advantage of being nearly level the whole way from St. Lotus to the mouth of Big Sandy. From Alton to Mt. Carmel it is estimated that a road with a large T rail, and fully furnished, will not cost over 89,000 a mile. From Mt. Carmel to Louisville It is stated on good authority that an excellent route can be obtained. From this city to Frankfort the cost will but little exceed 810.000 a mile. From Lexington to the mouth of Big Sandy a route nearly level along n ridge can be obtained for the whole distance. The ' whole route from St. Loma to the mouth of Big Sandy would probable not average aver $12,000 a mile completely furnished with locomotives, cars, depots ro l' u n- te spoken of through Indianapolis anti middle Ohio to Pittsburg would be a league and much more expenetve route, and would lie to a higher latitude. It would not touch the Ohio, nor any important railroad trunk. The St. Louis and Louisville road, on the other hand, would intersect the Ohio at the Falls, affording the railroad passen• gets an oportunity of taking the river, and river passengers the opportundy of taking the road; and it would also connect with the greatSouthem trunk of railroads destined to pass from Louisville to Nashville, end branching, in North Alabama, to Georgia and South Carolina, Mobiles and New Or leans. There is no earthly comparison between the proposed Mute from St. Louis to Pittsburg and tne route via Umbrella. The hlt Carmel road terminates at Alton, where there is high land, trusteed of panning eight mile. over the American bottom to a point opposite St. Loons Illinois is not disposed to contribute to the building up of a city in another State without a chance of contributing to the growth of one on her own shores; and, an the shore opposite St Louis is too low and unhealthy fora city, she has ehartereb the road to terminate at the first high land above St. Louis, which happens to be at Alton. This is but twenty tour miles above St. Loots, and at Alton ferry boats will connect with the railroad to convey freight and paasengers to St. Louis. If the road teraduated opposite St. Lowe, ferry boats would be equally necessary. The cost of the mod to Alton will be mach less than to a point opposite St. Lou,.. The eight miler of the Ameicao bottom are subject to overflow, and would cost a large sum originally and reqqire heavy outlays for repairs. At the last scission of the Illinois Legislature a most powerful and (erotic'ua effort was made to oh. tain a charter for a road to terminate opposite St. Loeb, and connect with roads through Indiana and Ohio, but the effort failed. It will probably be again renewed this winter, but we have good reasono for believing that it will not meet with as much favor as before. If so, the project will probably be alto. gather abandoned. It is unmated that the entire cold of the railroad from Louisville to Alton will be bat $2,750,000 nod that a profit can be realized of 20 per cent. as soon an the road is completed. It will intersect the eastern edge of the coal field sixty miles from Lou isville. This edge abounds in iron ore. There will be a wonderful tide of travel between the two extremities, besides an unusual quantity of way businese along the whole line. The city of Lemon villa should do eyerydung in its power to promote the soccese of this enterprise. On the above interesting article, we have space for comments but on two points. Ark. The assertion that the route "through In dlanopolis, and middle Ohio to Pittsburg - la, would be longer and more expensive" than the Louisville route, is rot founded on any correct data. The length of the mate, from Alton to Baltimore. by way of Louisville, considering the character of the country through which it would have to 4ipw, which would cause great variations from a dire& line, would be much greater than a middle mum from St. Louis to Pittsburgh, and by the Central road to Philadelphia As to espnue, the compar ion LI greatly in lever of the Pinstotrirlt route.— By the Louisville route, all taalarge itreams flow log into the Ohio, below thitt,lkOtale to be crossed by expensive bodges, ittathi well known that the nearer you approach the Ohio river, the more difficult and broken does the country be come. On the Putsburgh mute, the level table landau: followed fur the whole distance, until near the Missislippii crossing no large streams, and incurring little expense for bridging, This is a most remarkable topographical feature. The "high latitude" would be a tow one compared with the >foll2 succesakil railroads in the country, and will secure to it an immense trade in wheat, not equal led by any route in the world. Its "not touching the Ohio," is greatly in its favor, as it will not then come into direct competition with steamboat trade. As to its' not touching "any important Railroad trunk," nothing could be farther from the facia in the case. It will Intersect and cross more impor. tent artificial menus of inteo.communication, than probably any other Railroad in the country. To name a few, all in the state of Ohio. It would arose the Wellsville and Cleveland Railroad—the Ohio Canal—the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin anti Railroad, and the Cincinnati and Sandusky Railroad, all connecting the Lakes with the Ohio river, and all acting as so many artificial obannels to convey passengers and produce to the main great trunk. Then it will intersect the most im portant public works in Indiana, and by means of lateral branches, the Railroads of Michigan , and Northern Illinois. No Railroad could be pro. j g etsql on the whohi continent, possessing so many aryl so important advantages of connection as .(his. In comparison with them, those of the Lou. Wyllie route, sink into insignificance. And what has the Louisville route to offer, In reference to conniptions! "It would intersect the Ohio at the Palls 0 What a vest adouttage for travellers, and tea 'Sling west, to find that when all the dill.