1111
I
r i
i i'
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BV 0. X. WOEDEX AND J. R. C0KXKL1US.
At 1.5! per Vfar, ahiaji In Advance.
LEWISBURG, UNION CO., PA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 25, 1861.
"CHRONICLE," established is 1313 Whute Xo., S76.
iiiCi k.."ut.v, cilauiiaucu iu i.uuo
..it .- .
(WirAfl A fte Sulvrip'ion Iirt (betide ,
nina.tnrLc;J.r.j)or j
iMe (.ta!.j.WlnaH-H.fmlth.
i.. tWIla-n B. h-it. Ur.-l:a-JaH
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sr . .. o....c HlA'.nfinrf 4..H. film Rlrl- :
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M Zl!:?:'; !
UlliuB :
a.... I JlBtsi-aaB ...... .
r.rbir. others not rem-mhered. All '
"i- .,, . , . i
wirbioe oar puffr ai v iu raie0 -, ,v,
lut choce at any ol mose places.
TO SOUTH CAROLINA.
(UTTUV Tii.'ll !lOl-TIItT.)
H-:j war bmJ kl ' "" -vour
rn '".' Uii.l-J flood
F,ll to ll. r.n '"rk '"1"' ' ?
Hold w ws-t : lrt t0
Th.'sm (.?.'.. '-' o . shore
With UarrU w-.:rrru y t! - . l
.if
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anlt ii. tt.- J - ;"ir-
rViriWii.tl's strs-e-p.
nrd'il",T",-c'
,:i li--)ir;-l A.iri-r. firre.
l;rih.r bin r-U-j..nl-r.t n
lnd:ift !! tvjrnjr his V.n-
r. ! lifinr.n Wr
THE CRISIS OF TI12 UriIOli I
SrEEOII OFII0N.WM. II. SEWARD
lnlht- I' S. Sturiy, Jaa. 12, 11.
Mr. President, digress ;lj.urooJ !a-t
(tmiiner amid aospices of uatioVal abiinJ
iDM,ejnteutaicut, traniiility, and happi
tcft. It was reassembled this winter tu
tA presencj of derangement of bu-i.ieis
iw d;siurbaoce of public as We'll as pri
me credit, and in tbe faca of seditious
cinibiniiious to overthrow the I'uiou.
li alarm is appalling, for Union is nit
more the bJy tuau liberty is the soul of
toe nation. The American ci.iz-o bap
heen accustomed to beiieve the Republic
jtoonrul. He shrinks from the si-ht of
cmrulMons indicative i f its sudden 1J. 3 L.
Tie r?p irt of our conditi ou has g uc over
the sb, and we, wht have so long and
nub much complacency stuJiel the eul
legitationsof society in the I) d Wur.J,
leltevicg ourselves ci.'uipt ftota such die
tarbmees, now ia our turn seem to be
failing mto a wumeutuua aud d.&astruui
rtruiuiion.
D.rtir fir tue L'nh,n.
I know how difficult it is to dcile,
im i so many aud s i various counsel",
Mt 0Ui!ht to b-, aud even whit cau he
done. Certaiuly, however, it is time f .r
every Seuator to ueeiare bi'.us-lf. I,
therefjre, f illowitiiT the eianip.'e of the no
Ve seD3tjr from '1'enue.ee. av.w in- ad
oce to the I'uiou
its integrity arid
sim all its rnrts, r :i
my lit -uds, who
.5 pr:y, wim my ;
try, or without enhe
;!a'e, nh my coun
r, as ttiey may d.-vr-
B.ioe, iu cvoty event, wheiher of p-aci or
vf ir, with every c his- (jo.-iice of houor
r dishonor, of life or dea.n.
Huherto, the eiuioiuuus or ep;rjt an.l
rjoitiu0, here, as elsewhere, have been
tairfir miie on the si ie of Iisuriion. I
do nut regret this. Disunion is so unrx
pclciatil utiDJ'aril, that it tuu-t p'ainiy
ftteii it--elf b-fore iis presence can bo re
t' l d. I like lies, also, the courage that
rie! slowly under tha pressure of severe
pruvgcaiioo. If it be a christian duty to
fi-iiveto the stratig'-r even seventy times
even off;nees, it is the highest patriotism
to naure wuuoui c ,m,.iai.ii iuc p.sM.,- ;
1 j
lie ssv Bard ness of br.Ittcal brethreu so
bcs there is h"pe that they may come
U t better mio 1.
What will not tut ' l in'on.
I'.bitik it easy to pronouuee what meas
ures sr conduct will not save the Uuion.
I agree witb the honorable Senator from
N.nti C.rjiiua that mere euiogisms will
lot five it. Vet I tiiink mat as prater
nogs us Bearer to God, though it cm not
Hi Una towards us, so, there is healing
al.d eivitig virtue in every word of devo
tion to the Uuion that is spikeu, aud iu
every (igb that its danger draws f irtb.
Tbe Union can n it bo saved by mutual
cr:m:jatioDs oosceruing our respective
(tue of responsibility for the present evils.
He whose conscience acquits him, will
tltonlly be slow to accuse others whose co
frttioD he needs. History only can ad
Jiiet tbe great account.
A e lUtiuuince of the debate on the
Mistitutijnal power of Congress over the
3jct of slavery iu the Territories, will
IU save the Uuion. The opinions of par-
Im.j .- , 1 . , : t 1 .
lad sections on that question have be-,
.. , 1
The Union can not be saved by proving '
IU Session is illegal or uuc institution-
1 Persons bent on that fearful slop, will !
lt.nl l..n. enoui-h on forms of lm 1, :
L. j- , . . B . . . .
l dij-iodgi-d ; and loyal uieo do Dot need
uVt v.- 1 ... 1 t
'r' "'"'"o "P -""' ar
sta .t OnitiN""'',f"'""r ""''"'Feb. 0i
! in their .'' "-' ' V -".'
ImU J, will be " ' 'jne fr,)rn j" 1 J f -11 t,u Prtt of wholi the j small .nd iDCOi.s.dcr.ble D.t.ons, border-
eujsioi- tbe richt nf the Fed Tal Govern c'1u,trJ W113 c imposed, aud the fate of an mg on esch other, and, thcrelore, accor
BeDt w .,, c,.jintf s,.,e, ., ob,.di; ' empire in many respects the most intores- j ding to all politic. 1 philosophy, natural
" INi.unhn istoo on. this ones- i
iH give place to the more practical i
sa l.,l ,- ... . .
"?kt to coerce Tho rcmainin T mr-mberVto 1
"inienee in . j;.,t. .- i i 1
"jiDtiermost soul I abhsr.ci.il war. I i 1 08 o" 'Jf 6,u"n. B,""-
M k0J. what the Union would be 1 , V he Lnl0D " 00 m
if saved by the use of the sword. ,,JD'. r Amer.can tnterest. On the con
let. far I i j . -.i. .l trarv, they coufessed with deep sensibility
ur s.i tins, I do not agree with those , J! ' , . . . l
bo. with . aJ; . . .k . .i that it seemed lo thetn to bare been reser-
"i witn a desire to avert tost great cil- ... , . . . i
aMa-utr .Hrl . i . j : ved for the people of this country to decide
"o;, savise a conventional or unopposed : , , r " . ,,
'Pirstion ;.k . t. . .u ii whether sneisttes of men are really capable
. w.,.u m view i , vim tucv call i
l-eorji:roetion.
It is enough for me,
nt .L. ...
destruction
efu-ere-enn.t...... ' j" n .u.. ',
--. tun in 1 1 . .i.. j . n ...
- ot.-c msirueti in; aud, secondly, that
JM etreogtb cf the v.-e in wbich the
,if7 f ,lie ni,i"n r "cid, eonsis-. !
"'' in its remaiuing unbroken.
- ..-ii u.t tu , auo, bccoiiji v, mt.
... ' i '
t-oogres.i-inal compromises are not like- 1
JJ sve the Union. I know, indeed, !
M tradition favors this form of remedy, i
J" it is wssntiaj to its success, in any I
est. , i . . ..... i. 1
i "'ai mere be fonnd a preponderating
' of citizen. . , t. ...,,.t ,1,.
is-
birh .cp.rate. parties, that they can !
'""mene, down clashing wenpm,, i
!iiir.r..-i.. . . .. .
eiou, , no, tUktnn),ri! ,M b , '
aunt av . i . i
-uu us guraa iu bat.cry; njr are
liberal concession apt to be -given by to j ig s.ide all pique, passion, and prejudice, 1 confederacies, would have lb. nature Dd ; Washington and the it.fle ubie Adams', , ver.al siirTtage' How thanhiully wou.dthey I riiurm of the tuned Si; and whilel car
ol posing force not less coufident uf its own I I", whether it couduces more to the inter- I character of civil war. Dissolution, tUere- j rnry anJ lt)e prer.ras Hamilton, Jertrsr.a east aside atl their mt sysirn.. of govern- j taiuly shall never, dnetily or indirectly, grv.
right ud itsowo strength. I think, also, ! cat of the people of this country to re- i lore, is, for the people of this country, j lnJ lhe Iliajritic i;,ay, Webster and theacoie ment, and aece pt "b' Hepiihlic of ours, with a,y cte to establish or sanctiu. .'..very in
.1 . . i... I ;,.. ..1 ..r ........ .. A i ...r.i,..! ... Tn tniiiuti it and r- t. ...... i.l. ... n....i..i t. . i.,r d all it. short enutin.s and us disappointments, such territories, or auy where else ia
egi,liice compromises which sacrifice I
honestly cherished principles, while the, j
anticipate future exigpnoies, even if they i
v n " i,r"'""'E . i
do not uesuuiecrtra conetitutiorial powers, '
a,, t,ot uRuiue extra constituTiouai nowers. '
. . . - r .t :
are less sure 10 avcri iiniuiueui bviib luau ;
, certaia to produce ultimately !
even ' eater dangers. ' i
eveo greater daugers. j
C c
indeed, nr. rresiaeoi, i idiok u win .
be wise to aiscam two prevanni lacas or
. .. .,,. . Vin, ,hilt th. I'U:.(I1
is to be saved by lomrbajy in particular
and secondly, that it is to be s.vei by
some cunning and insincr-re compact of p. -
cifiealion. If I remember rightly, I said
something like this here so long ago as
lw-,0 and afterwards io
: " .. . , c .,
yp,U,ft i acm
Tue irs nt tJtiitgtT di miosis itself in ;
- u. ...... Aii;.or.s l,ut r,K
uiuid poluicl fowor io certain blro,t J fi.'5h uh ivtcm of hinh
J and the are omui? lliix uih.Uy to over- a3DlMuul;.J in Le w-nd. lhe d.-r-ilm.tr
The Federal Gotcrnm-ur. They Bl ful11'8 i rU-rt irr ui
1 dc-lu ie thiUHlvM wilh theUlu-f that ih rrted .0 f.-iipu, of mnl aml.m,..,.
! . . . .... l. 1 .,,.1,1,..: '! not constitute an element of s'r.tt In
', ... .1 , It
to di-cban-e themselves of allegiance !
e wholo Republic. The honorable
or from Illinois, says we have a right I
: them
! to the
Senator from Iiiiuois, says we have a righ
to coerce . State, but wc cia not. Too
' t're-ident says that 00 State has a right
to secede, but we have no constitutional
power to make war against . Stale. The ;
dilemma results from an assumption that .
those who, iu such . case, act ag.iust the
Federal Government, aot lawfully as a ;
State, although uianif. stly they have per-
, verted the power of the State to an uncon-
sti'tnioiiai purpose. A class of politicians :
iu New Fngland set up this theory, aud
a.itii.ptcd to practice upon it, iu our war
wi'h Great Britain. Mr. Jefferson did
not hesitate to say that States must be (
kept within their constitutional sphere iy
impulsion, if they could uot be beld there
by attraction. Secessiou was then held to !
be inadmissible: in the face of a public en- j
my. But, if it is untenable in oue case,
it is necessarily so in all 01 hers. I fully
a iu.it tha originality, the sovereignty, and
uce of Ihe sever! Slates
jh.re But I hold the Fed-
enttobe cqdilly original,
1 i...l,nnJ,.t within iu
the independence
wi'.hiu their sph
oral Govern in
sxvereiu and iudependeut withiu lis
sphere.
j And the government of the State can
no in re absolve the people rer-idin with
in its limits fr nn allegiance to the 1'tiuo,
than the Government of the l.nioncau ab
solve them from allegiance to tbe State,
Toe Constitu'ion of the I nited Stilts,
and the laws made in pursuance thereof,
are the supreme law of the land, paramount
, to all legislation of the .States, whether
msde under the Conr-titution, or by eveu
their organic conventions. The Union can
be dis-olv.il, not by secession, with or
wi'hout armed fnrce, but ooiy by tl.o vol
untt.ry consent of the people of tbo United
States, collected in the manner prescribed
by 'the C-.iisttiution of the United States.
Congress, iu the present ca6e, ought not
to be impassive. It ought, if it can, to
re iress any real grievances of the offeuded
S'a'cs, aud then it ought to supply the
i'resid.'tit with all the means neces-ary to
uiaiulaiu tbe Uuion iu the full exhibition
and discreet exreise of iis au'hority.
Beyond this, with the proper activity ou
b t (1f ltje Kxecu'ive, the respoosihil
. u(h.viui, the Union hcloofe, to the peo-
y o ..1 1
anJ tbt.v are atjQudan.ly cumpetcut to ;
discharite it.
I promise, therefore, with great defer- j
enee, to address myself to the country up-
on the momentous suiject, askiug a hear
ing, not less from Ihe people within what
are called the seceliug, thau from those
who reside within the adhering Stales.
l ion a HiLlt if the People.
Uuion is an old, fixed, settltd habit of
tbe American people, resultiug from con
victions of its necessity, and tuercforc not
likely to be hastily discarded. The early
: Stales, while existing as colonies, were
combined, though imperfeclly, through a
c intnou allegiance to the British Crown.
Wbeu that allegiance ceased, no one was
so presumptuous as to suppose political ex-
isteuca compatible with disutiioo ; and,
therefore, on the same day that they de-
; c'arcd themselves luiepeudeut, tbey pro-
I claimed themselves also confederated
! Statd. I'xperieuce in war aud iu peace,
from 177C until 17S7, only convinced
them of the necessity of converting that i
loose couiueracy mio a mure nerit-cv auu
. ., , -.
a perpetual Lnion. They acted with a
eo:l'tM S from the intcmper-
a;9 C0Bdu!:t J bose "ho no'' on 09 f,duc :
jtreaten, .nd those who on the other rash-,
lJ ue'- oanuiou. 1 ney constuerea tue
subject !
..nttnii.ni.o of trim fTninn
compreheoding nuthirg less thin tbe safe !
,lBg ,Q t!ie wor,d'
Instead of only tbir- ;
feu . e COon'r " ,"? C0PMJ. 01 i
ihirtv-three Darts : ana ine empire emora-:
and the empire embra- i
eM. iB8tc,,d of onl' f'Jr mi."iuD8. 00 lcM
tban thirty minions oi muaoitanrs.
; nf establishing good government upon re
flection and choice, or whether they .re
for erer destined to depend for their poll
, ... -j . j t
.abI Ai.tialit ii : inn. nn asidanr inn liirtui
Tbey feared, therefore, that their failure
to continue and perfect tha Union would
be . misfortune to the nations. How
much more, sir, would its overthrow low
be a calamity to mankind !
One Gorernmrnt or Mirny.
Cama f..m ttt fnrrnrnfri! is imlicnnOB.
CVU1U 1UIUI V. ft ' ' w a wtaw w ----
ble. h?rd att elsewhere. batever form
w. have, every individual citiz-n and ev-1
ery State must cede to it some natural
. J. . -t .i
4ni;ite po.er. Tbe , impls q3estian, I
theicfdre, for us now to deoide, waii. l.j-
war, coturiiorce, inland and foreign, postal j
comu.unica.iona at home and abroad, tl,e
care aud dispoMllou of the public domain, ;
eolonifjtion, the orgauiiaiion and admits-j
ciuuiuh-.'u, mo vikruiliiub uu uwicb-
f t..A n.l ..na.ut l tl.A '.
om u. ud. v.i.im, .uu, u'..";) " j
largement of empire, oue uato.ii under our
preiu. Constitution than it wouid be to '
preseut Oooatituiion, tbau it would be to
. . .ia
uy.uc .u.o.ur-... vU-..-o..-,
ara
One ('..nwfru a.f We.
' Our country remains now as it was in !
17, eK ... of de-ached and die. :
it.nt terntones. bat of one whole, well-
! connected and fertile region, lung within ,
j 'be temperate rone, wilh climates and soils I
I hardly more various than those of Fiauce i
UrofIt.lv. Tbi- .livht di.eraitv ...lick-I
-
i,. tiuu ' - ' .uv,u.t.' .
uicrctr.
Our livers aud valleys, as mipro-
the Confederacy. .itwttht.ndi..g recent
,c,'tui;'ut rresMons and o.sn.l .-st,.....,,
' ""rtcce lu some rju.rt.-rs, .r ..iui- d
by intense partisan exciii merit, we ate. lu
fact, a Lotui.g, neo'js pee; ie, chiefly of m.e
stock, with acce-sious well a-siihiialed.
We have, practc.allv, only one luiiu ige,
one religion, one s-ysti'iu tf goreroUieni,
and manuors and customs couioioti 10 all.
Why, then, shall we Lot r.uiaiu iienoc
forth as hl'berto, one .e pie ?
Ot-jWi if d' jii rm:i':it.
The first object ol' every human society
is safety or secuiity, for tsiiieh, it to ed le,
they wilt, and they must, sscrlice .-v.-iv
other. This security is of two kinds
ouo, t xeiiiptinii iroui foreign ar-gr. .-sion
aud ii.ilo. i.e.: ; the other, i-xeu.ptiju di"m
dom.stic tyranny aud seuiU"ti.
Foreign wars cnu.it fr ou ei'her viola
tions of treaties or domestic violt uce. The
Uuion has, thus far, proved ilseif au al
most perfect shield against sueh wars.
Tbe Uniied States, contitiuilly enlarging
,'clr diplomatic wquaiutuuce, huve now
tr.-ties with France, the .e.l rl .tid-,
Britain Swed-n, l'ru-s:;, Spam,
'. IVomark, M.-w, Uraz-i, Atis'rta,
Turkey, Chili, Sum, Museat, lemzoela,
I'eru, Greece, Sardinia, Kcundor, linnover,
I'or'agal, New Grenada, Hesse Casel,
Wirteuiburg, Chiua, Bavaria, Sax oil),
Nassau, Sitz -rland, Mecklenburg Sch
werio, Guatemala, the Ilawnian Islands,
Sau Salvador, l.'ortii-o, Costa lliea, l'eru,
Bremen, the Argentine (.'onfederalion,
Loo-Cboo, Japan, Uruuswiek, I'ersia, Ba
den, Belgium aud I'aragiray. Neverthe
less, the United S'a'.a, within tho entire
existence uuder the Federal Constitution,
have had U.tr it.t wais with only four
States, two ol which were insignificant
powers ou the coast of Btrhsry, aud have
had direct hifiii its, sin- untittg to repri
sals, against ouly two or three more; and
't.r ir now at peace with the whole
WOrid. II ll.e ..;- . ... 1
into only two confederacies, each of them
would need to unke as many treaties as
we have unw ; and, of course, would be
liable to pive as ruatiV causes of war as we
do now. Hut we know, from tbe sad ex-;
perieuce of other nations, that disintogra-
1100, once begun, inevitably continues un- ;
til eveo the grcs'est empire crumbles into
... t 1 .1...
rttauy parts, r.tcu coiiieueranou mi
shall ultimately arise out of the I nion,
ruu 'll' 1 tm. ia - r
uve nt.eMiiy fr as many treaties as
wa now have, and will incur liabilities for
wax as often as we do do, by brisking
theui. It is tbe multiplication of treaties,
aod the want of confederation, that mikes
war tbe normal condition of society iu
Western Kurope Slid iu s-pmish America,
It is union that, untwithstauditig our world-
wide intercourse, makes peace the habit of
the American people.
Cxmmcu "r!y t" mon.
Mr. President, no ouo wilt di-pite our
forefathers' maxim, that tho common ste
ty of ail is the sifcty of each of the Slates.
While tbey remain uni'ed, the Federal
Government combines al! the nntcrials
and all the fore of the several Stales ;
orgauixes their defeuees on one goucr.il
principle ; httrniouizes and assimilates
ihem with oue fysteui ; watches for them
with a single rye, which it turns iu ail dt-
rertions, aud moves all ageuts uud. r the
control of one executive head. A nation
so constttuied is safe against assault or
even insult. War produces always a spce-
av exovustiou 01 muui-v. --.v ......
. ,o . ; ...i r i:,
upon credit. J ne treasuites and credits
of small coufederacios would often prove
iolcqle. uu" oC ihe Lulun "e aU
way ample. ,,.;.,.
l.tions which must arise between the c n-
i nave inus rar aepv ou. o. ,.e .wo .0
federaoies thetu?elves. Tby would be
enemies. In addition to tho many treaties
'ch.M.cb nmt "l" , .! S. JIT.i
',wr I .
ers.and the cau.es uf war which they would
ers.ana tne causes or war wuicu tiiey nouo.
g'" bJ iolatit,g them, each of tbc crnifed-
erscies must also maintain treaties witb till
tbe others, and o be liable to give them
frequent offeuoe. They would necessarily
have different interests resulting from
their est.blishment of different policies of
revenue, of mining, manufactures, .nd
navigation, ol imtgr.tioo, ana pcrnaps ine
. . . . . . .i
iS
Slav, tr.de. hich wonld stipulate with
vith
foreign nations lor .dvantsges peculiar to
ifIf .nd injuriou. to it. rivals.
lf, indeed, it w.r. necessary th.t the
Union should be broken up, it would be
.k- i... j.. - ; ,h. th. ns.
.neifodor.nies tn Le f irmed should be as
:es so on unueu ...m m
i ;kl. -n.t in .ir.-nuth an.l
ueany as ,..tu.s- H - --e- ---
power, th.t mutu.1 fe.r .nd .....I,.;
spect might inspire them with csutton :
gainst mutual offence. But sich eoriali-1
ty could not long bo maintained ; one con-
federscv would riso iu the scale of politi. ;
ei tmporr.nce, .nu
l thenceforward with
nan. JealouiM wan
and the others would view 1
1 envy and appreheD-
Jealousies would bring on frea,ent
.ud re .'...tor. wars .nd . th .e .. .
r
trnni t i . h r--WTi i a air riri-ukc.iai.i:t.i aa, a. u b
8 . . 7,.v. . . i
' :i
obtain occasional rest, what alee could they ,
accept but the of adju-ting the ,
balance of pow which baa obtained i
Kurope, id which the lew strong uatiobs .
kukti wu.cw ,
lk. nrms i.ti m dih all thn
j .
othirs shall be cuuteut to lie J When ,
this ha.efu. svstem should fail a, last, for-'
this hateful stm ei.ouid fail at laat, for-;
!.-- - :
-"--";,,. y,jUlh hlU
w i " -
thus our eouulrr, havii.o eapelled all fcu-
r.-pesu powers from the continent, would .
elapse into an .gRrej.te.l f,.n of its eol(. ,
uial nperiei.ee, and, like Italy, 1
India and Clnua, become the theatre of :
tranratlHUlio intervention and rspacity. j
DLi:i,tiuu$ uu WfimltUt of Xttc CuH- .
f.A..:..
J - :
a, l-irTTCwrJi.-aiv 'lUw.V.ulaUin-bsrti-.
federaeics an i zeuiptnm fronicompiiuaiions
a.uong each ol her ami with foreign tjutes, --hr p.ji,,c pr.ipeniy ! how could it sur
stili there is too lu-ich leasou to believe tive the storm ! lis eieinems are induvry ib
that 11. tt one of theui could lone m iiutin ; the culture of every Iruit; mining of all the
a rt 'uhiic.iD f.diu of goveriiuiitit. Uui-i
I IT .-I.. 1 . . r . .. 1 !
versai suiiLiae an-i rue anseuce ui aiuu-.
in blmy Ie c-s. .!! t
.j,,,.,,,. The wr.d h.s
if su,tii.iug. State of t
to the r puldleau
yet to see a stt.gle
hat kind, or even
any e-'tilt'df ladotl Ot such flares, except
our own. Canada leans ou Great Britain,
uot uuwillmgly, atd Switzerland is guar
antied by interested monarehtcal Nates
tliir (veil experiment has thus far beeu
successful ; because, hy the continual au
dition of new Mates, the influence of each
of li e members of the Union is constantly
rtstraiued and reduoed. No one, if
course, can foiet.-il lhe way and manner
i f travel ; but history indicates with user-:
ii.j; tertaiii'y the end whuh Ihe several
ci nlideiirits would retch. LicetfV.us-ne-s
u.J r. tu.r life intolerable; and
they wou.d s o u r or iater purchase tran
ij nii'y aud di nus'ie. safety by the surren
der of liberty, and yield themselves up to
the proieetiou ot military despotism.
Indulge me, air, in one or two details
utt'ter this head. First It is ouly sixty
days since this disunion movement begin ;
already tho'ie who are engaged iu it have
already those,
canvassed wh
politic reeom!
dissevered, .n
h portentous freedom lhe
recombinations of Ihe States when
nd the feasible alliances of
those rucouibinatiutis with KurpcaQ na
lions ; ulliunces as unnatural, aud which
would prove ultimately as pe,tjcntial to
soci-ty here as that of the Tlascalans with
tbe Spauiutds, who promised them revenge
upou their ant-nut enemies, the Aztecs.
Secondly The disunion movement ari
ses partly out of a dispute over the com
mon d imiiiu of the L ulled Slat.'S. Hith
erto Ihe Uuiou has confined this controver
sy withiu the bounds of political debate,
by referring it, with all other national
ones, to lhe arbi r nil. lit of the ballot-box.
loes any oDe suppose that disunion would
transfer the whole domain to either party,
or that any other umpire thati war would,
after dissululiou, be invoked ?
Thirdly This movement arises, in
can slaves to the domestic pe"p"iltioV'ijf
the country. Freedom is to them, as to
all maukiud, the chief ol j-ct of desire.
Hitherto. under the operation of the Uuion,
Ibey have practically remaineu ignoraut 01
the controversy, especially of its bearing
on themselvts. Can we hope that fl.-iant
civil war shall rago among ourselves in
.1...: - ... tk.t tli..v Hill
iiieir veij j-i,-s-rttve, .,., jv. ...vj
remain stupid and idle spectators :
Does
" 1 1
history furtiish us any stfactcry instruc-
lion upon the honors of civil war amon a
people so brave, so -killed iuarms, so ear-
nest iu conviction, and s i intent in put-
pose, as we ? Is it a irrre chimera which
suggests an aggravation of thn-o horrors
beiond endurance when, on ei'her side,
there shall occur the intervention of an
uprising ferocious African Slave popula-
lion of four. stx. r-rhsps twenty niiUi -tif
The opiuions of tiiaukin l change, slid
with the 111 tbe p dicies of nations. One
hundred years ago, all the commercial
K iropesn States were engiged in tran-ler
ring negro slaves from Afncalo this hcin
isphcre. Today, all those State are
firmly set in hostility to the extension and
even to the prsetice of slavery. Opposi
tion ti it lakes two forms : one European,
which is simple direct abolition, effected,
if need be, by corr pulsion ; the oth"r,
American, which seeks 10 arret African
slave trstie, ami resist the entrance of do
mestic slavery into Territories where it is
yet unknown, while it leaves the diipti
tioo of existing slavery to the con-id.rate
action of the sit-tles by which it is retain
ed. It is the Union thtt restricts the op
position to slavery in this country within
these limits. If dissolution prevail, what
guarantee shall there be against the full
dcvelopm mt here of the feaiful and un
compromising hostility to slavery which
elsewhere DetT.de. the world, and of
which tbe recent invasion of Virginia was
an illustration ?
zVc.'s nf Dhnnim.
Mr. President, I. hsve so ilcsirned'y dwe!t
' , .. ,u .i.-,Kl- -ir- i of disumou
if lhf Amlf an rrp!e as ,
iea.e me little nine to coiisiderthe other evils
which must follow in us train. Uut. pracn
cal'y. lhe loss ol salety involves every oth-r
lortn of public calamity. M hen once the 1
guardian anjel has taken flight, everything
is lost.
ltissolntion would not only arrest, bnt ex-1
im.i.i.ti iie urealnrssof otircountrv. Kven '
. . . .. i
lf s,par.ite conte t-racir s on,.. "ft
dure, they conic, i sever. v r'"n""
' " ; br(.kpn ... Ihe Mar5
, . "1 apart "f Vrouped in
"t f '..J, Nncetorth shed forth
! Ht, ,lmmer.ng and lurid liht. Nor will
. - ,,;i.,...msnishet,.5siblelorthefe - vcon -
Utssnlntiu. would signalize its
lederacies.
- ,,.va mirh w.iulj
iriumpii uy - ..
. . u ,nA .,.0d the world. It woold pro-
1V5oUB, Vernon .nd g ,t, th,. C.pi-
tol ver to desolation at !
A?,er .h"s. here wonld rematn for disunion
no act of ;..tpf ,.ilous infamy to be committed.
No penv cor', deracv thai sh.ll follow .he
;- L L,,. ,, nrolone. or even renew,
the raajrMic drama of nation., P - -
, erhaps lo be "
j a
Bcott (bu ie in nreaio-, under u.e burden .
of yJ
par,t lhe eBru,B Ull ; r ,
W hile listeuing to these debates, I hare ,
u. .1. ln niPL.. ilia.r
suniniiur. n'mnt. ."j
curated mem upou ihe paXe who eosto-;
a,.,y s:a..d, ou .e da, beh,e me ,d the
uiamy :od-. ou
V a Us-1 .tlila aftfrUi T I fill WMintl II I !. .
na ihtene but pleated eio '
rineiii, hile al every irrev-
the eyes ul the aged man aie 3utt.ord auh
tear, u, h;B. weep ,.o .. K;.Ur .-
V
ur,t your coomrv, the lowering na-'
t,ou , rraiue ol all lhe world. Weep . nly
you. and uerp wilh ail the bitierne of an-
iui,h. who are Mepniug on the ikreabold
lle ,r UM Mtt peiiahe. pre... ,
; turely and en-u not lor you, nor lor me, nor
: ii.tv n.At hli r.m.e allrr Us.
rrvr:.T": ":r"t.;.' .
Ir.ai Iholll 1.1.(1 UlTiriW lnt.tai iFltf til I ha
metals ; coiumere at home and on every
sea; material improvement that knows no
. ,. ,.,,.,,- ,ha.
ot-i.n le and has. no end ;
r.n. '-.s ihr. ti'jheut lhe domain ol nature ;
n eiease of know ledge a broad as lhe hu
man moid can exrd re ; perleetiou of art as
hicti as human eeniu. can re ich: and s-M-ial
rclioeiuri.i wort, ma lor the rt novation of the
. l d. How could uur successors pro-ecu!
the-e notile ol j- ci 111 the midst ol Lroal 1
iris civil conflict ! V hat euarantees will cap
ital invested lor s ich purpo-es have, lhai will
uu.weie.ri ihe premium ottered by p.diueai
and military au.l HioD ' V nal leisure wnl .he
citia-en hull l. r sui.lv, or inveniion, 01 an.
under the reign ot coiim r puon 1 nay, what
inteiest in them will sociely feel when war
and hate sh ill have lakeu possession of ihe
national mind !
Let the miner in l alitoinia
take heed; lor his golden wealth will become .
lite priae ot lhe nalti n that can command Ihe
most ir.-n. lei (he borderer lake care ; for 1
ine Indian will asatn lurk around his dwell ; Uie 4iave Mates, tliere is resiiveaess r suiting
ing. J.el the pioneer come back into onr 1 from Ihe resistance w hie b has bten o deier
dencr seiiieinenis ; lor the railroad, the . nnnediy made wnhiu lhe last lew )ear-, 10
po: r. ad, and lhe telegraph, advance not 1 ,,e (tre auies, lu tne extension of slavery in
oue iurlong Itiriher into the wilderness. ,,r coininuii territories of the tinned !iate
With standing armies consuming the son-1
stance ut uur peop.e on ihe laiol. auo our
Navy and pos.al steamers withdrawn from
the ec-an. who will protect or respect, or who
will even know by name our peity confeder
acies ?
Tne American man-of-war is a noble spec
tacle. I have seen it enter an ancient pen
in the Mediterranean. All Ihe world won
dered at 11. and la.ked of 11. f-alvos ot arul
lery, from f. rts and shipping in ihe barber, j
saluled 115 flig. I'ru.ces and princessei and
merchanls paid it hoir.a(-s, and all thepet-pie ,
blessed 1. as a h:irbin!;er of hope for iheir .
own ultimate freedom. I imagine now the
same noble ve-sel again entering the same
haven. I he flag ol ihirty-three stars and
thirteen snipes tias hern hauled down, and
in us place a sicr.a! is run up, which llaunls
the deuce .1 a lone star or a palmetto tree.
Men ask, "Who is ihe stranger that thus
si.-als into our waters !" Tne answer eon
tempiuoii-iy niven is, -s-he corner from one
ot the obscure republics of Aoiih America :
let her pass on.
Lastly, public liberty, our own peculiar lib-
erty, must l.iiistiish lor a time, and iben cea-e
to live. And stirh a liheny! Iree mcvemcnt ;
everywhere ihiough our own land, and ;
turoiih -ut the world ; Iree speech, iree press. ; f,re,.n ihe other, the venlict wonld be prompt
Iree siittiage; lhe freedom of every sui ject ; al) an,i unaniiiions. I desire thus losim
aceni who eip 0111 Is. aduoni-ter or eirrnten: j alt (r( m 1( an collateral questions, and relieve
L usuble atot jealous coi.tederacies. constant- 1 p a; partisan passions and prejudices.
Iv apprehending assaults w uhouiand irea- , consider the idea ol the withdrawal of tbe
son within, lolilil-tanie oniy m cat n umn ..
contemptible to all beside: h- w long will it
be before, on the plea of put.ltc suletv, they
will surrender all this ine.iimuMe and utie
qualed tiberty. and accept the baielul and 111
loitrabie espionage ut military despotism !
llAof' (iiN-ea Ihr. S'ir '.
Ami now, Mr. President, what "is lhe cause
for ihts stid ten and denial sacrifice ol so
much sateu, cratness, happiness and free-
d Have loreign nations combined, and
are they coining in rage U-n us -No. So
l.ir Ir.nn being tnemies, there is not a nation
on earn thai is n. t an interested, a liniring
friend. Kven Ihe London Tin,', by no means
parnal 10 us, says : "ll is pi ie possible that
the problem ol a d'mocra'ic republic may be
solved by us over'hrow in a lew days in a
spirit ol lollv. seliishnets and shortsighted
ness." Has the Federal tiovrrnment become
liranr.teal or oppressive, or even rigorous or ; ihe presence ol tne greal question ol Lnion.
tins, nn'l ! Has lhe t'onsimiio-n lost us spi- : .s,, iar as I am c. inerne l. it shad be so; it
ru, an., all at 1 nee cHap'd into a lifeless j should be so it the question were sure lo be
letter ' No ; the t'edeial liovernmen. suuies Uirj as it ought only to be determined, by the
no-re benign mtiy, and works lo-ttav more pracelul ordeal ol lhe ballot. It shall be so !i
btn'heia'lv. th in eter. The t'onsiitution is 1 ,he mt re since ihere is on one side prrpsred
eveu the eho-en 11,0 'e! fot the organization of 9r, U reler it to the arbitrament ol civil war.
lhe newiy risirg conle 'eracies. I I have such lailh in this republican svstem
7''ie pirth.n uf I'.miilrnt. of ours, ihat Ihere 1. uo political good which
The -,-cas.n is lhe el'ection rf a President ' desire that I am noi content 10 seek through
rf ih- I ntte.l states who is unacceptable lo a I it reacetul lor.ns ol administration, without
. .s... n.....la. I I'.t Iho -J.( JKTtl-
Ti,.. J L n mnvt.mrti.nf PiMinioti
kaftr'. ilia. ut...t. -h.h.tnr-.sed that choice
ucre rai. l'suni-n bcdii as $m-n as me
result w.vs a-in ced. The justification it
assigned va"s Hon Abraham Lincoln had
been elected. ht!e the success of either one
of tnree elbi r,iiuliilats would have been ac
iinesc. ' tn. Wis the election il'egal ! -No;
H is unimpeachable. I Ihe candidate person
ally oll'i.sie ? .No; he is a man of unblem
ished viriue and amiable manners. Is an
election of President an nnfrequenl or ei'ra
ordinarv transaction? No; we never had a
l.'hiel Mac.s.rate i iherwise designa'ea man
bv such election, and that form of choice is
renewed even four vears. Does any one ev-
: en propose m change the mode c f appointing
the t.tllel .l.lglsiraie -St.. rio-n-n -j m.-
versal siillrage, as modified hv the Constitu -
tion. is the one franchise of the American
people. Is it apprehended that the new Pres-
ident will nnrp despotic powers I .so ;
w hile he is of a1! men the most unambitious
he is, by the partial success of those who op-
p-.sed Irs election, subjected tc sucn restraints , s,,n, to assist in their execution, and to pro
that he can not.wilhoul thetr consent, appoint j iecl Ireemen irom being, by abase of the laws.
a minister or even . pi lice agent, negotiate a
treaiv or procure the passage of a law, an 1
can hatdly draw a mnske. from the public ar
senals to defend his own person.
. , .- I,-
iwrnunn nr innrunirn,.
- d of dlscoriten! i
' ,t j, ,hat ,he dtsun.nn.sts d.d not .ecept .s
conclusive the arguments which were urgeti
; m behalf of the sticcessfu. candidate tn the
canvas.. Thts is .'I. Were their own .rgu-
ments " nn3 Vev .'ot they
l supporters! Of course hey were not tney
could not be.
, or sp.rit, require or imply mat ine argiiine...
. u.'l k- .o,.iiri,.ri In Ihe other
; or one party ......
i 1. ZXUXXll
1 f, - Re, J debate, and ul.tm.te re-
now successful majority r'ri powe
I to purposes of oppression ! No .hey never
. befote held power. -
to undervalue privileges and blessings. How
! -0
' M.oy it lh. boc, o ,lwUBg g Chief
min
and i
hearts! Is it not the very boos fur
huh they supplicate Ood without ce.ir.g,
id even wane war. with inirrusissions only
resulting from exbausiio The coning
Snrn.p .M.nn. nn one &h!e of the AUatllC.
.
will oFea oa a neral coanict, wateu to .b-
lantie, within the same parallels of lamude,
it may opeB on Iratrraal war, waned la a bw-
" I ' " " ' " " " '
anmnnaie me san.e ibmiiuiu.bs.
Du , -'TS'
owo a .t.oa ! Kaih-r do .J, .
live leas-i ot all for ihemelve. and lor their
fellow men! Have lhe Amerieaa pet. pie,
then, become all ol a sudd.B untaiural. as
well a uop.iru.iic ! and w.ll the, d,.,..heril
their ch.id.e. of .he pree.ou. elale he doIy
j best hopes 11 has enjoyed since the fcua.an j
j race W pan 11a bid iuu pataiai, jvt aciuiai
i and wisely-appoiuted progress !
j 1'arty AViifi's if Oitunim.
Here 1 uokht close my plea lor tbe Ameri
can Luion; but 11 is necessary, il ttt.i to
hausi the ariiuieul, al least lu nh.bi lhe
w note case, lite li.iuuoul-is, e. nsciowiy
unaide n s.ar.d on their mere disapoiuiuieul
in lhe recent e ecuuu, have aneuipivd hi en
iare iheir ground. More maw thirty years,
mere has tx sled a c.i.nieiabe laough uot
heist, i.iic a loriotdab.e muss uf cifirns in
ceiiaiu sia;r, aiiuaie near or arouhd Ihe dtl
ta. ol the Mi.sstai pi. who believe lha.1 the
Luion is less conuucive to lhe weiiale an:
greainess ol ihoe s.atts, than a sn.ailrr con
led. iaey, embracing only s ave btairs. weu.u
be. 'l itis ciass has availed itseil ul lhe dis
contents tesulnng troiu the cieciion. iu put
into operation lhe machinery of dissolution
long ago prepared, aud w aning only lorocca
siou. lu other rsutiea, mere is a soreness be
cauir u,e aa,, ol - u.paihy in the free
Kuies wilh lhe eilorls ul slaveholders lor tbe
recapture ol luaiiives trim servive. In all
The Ke utiliean parly which casi us vute li.r
the sucteiul 1'rcsioeniial candidate on the
ground ul that policy, has bet a allt wed, prac
tically, no representation, no utterance, by
speech or through lhe press, in the slave '
Slates; while its policy, principles and senti
ment, and even Us temper, have been so mis
represented as to excite apprehensions that 11
w i.,.n...t,l.l ...h.l.tul.iiial i.h.lallnht
a, ltk vrrthrow hy Niaie anthrrtttes ur in
llll tilts c.rti Bl title. tiniLG om sia.e.v
i,rvrnn, 11 ol Ine f ederal liovernment.
Considerable ma-ses.eveu in .he Ireef-aies,
interested in the success ul these mivrepre-
seutaltons as a means of partisan strategy,
have lent iheir sympathy to the party claim
ing 10 he aggrieved. V hile lhe revuii of tbe
election brings the Repuolican party necessa
rily into tne loiegioui.d m resi-ung liisunu-e.
the prejudices auainsi ihem which 1 have de-scriL-e':
have deprived tl.ein cd ine co-epera-lion
ot n.any good and patrn-tic citizens. Un
aceinplei i.-ue between the Hepuhlican par-
lv ar lhe l;i.,,i,i, nisis. although 11 involves
mc direst nation..! calamines, ine result might
-,e jUi.iiul, lor lie liepublican party is weak
ln , rart vt ,hr B . juiPB , direct
ltsur ,, al he cherish the I nioa na or.e
sl(r anil a
who desire us dissolution bv J
mm rsutrs. anil meir petmaneni re-orranua
lion wuh or without others in a di-unet foa-
federai v. as a means ol advantage lo ihem-
setves, so certainly nnwi-e aud so . bvn u y
impossible ot esecuii. n. when the purpose is 1
un.ierst..,d. that 1 dismiss 11 wnn tne uiscus-1
sioii 1 have alieady inei.ienuity besioweu up
on it. I he ease is dirlerent. however, in re-
, g.ird lolhe other siil-jects which I have bfcught
111 this connection before the Isenaie.
j li?pnUlinnin SnbtirtiiHUtr I', Cnl'i'lt.
I U-)i ud a douM, I nn n is virtually tmprr
' tarn to lhe K-pubiican citizens of the I nttrd
' Males ; but it is jut as important to the who.e
1 peop'e. Kepub.it-antsnt and tnton are. there,
i lore, not Conreilibie terms. Kepubiiramsm
1 is subordinate 10 l iiitji, as everything else is
and ought 10 bt Kepuldtcanism. Uenutracy,
eveiy u'her political name and thing, all are
sit)ordiiiale, and ttiev ought to disaj.pear in
. i invoking revolutionary action. It otherssbjil
' mcke ihat Mnn rf action u 4-ppoe and ot
. oppi
shall
! rnhn.w Govcrnmenl. ihty nhnti nut. so Ur
as it depends on me, have the excuse that 1
obstinately left myselt to be misunoerslood.
In such a cae. 1 can aii-rd lo mtet prejudice
with conciliation, exaction with concession
which surrenders no punciplr, at.d viuicnce
with the right hand ol peace.
.Vrif. 'f t'uiitiie Sfare Lite.
Theretore. sir, s.. far ai Ihe abstract ques
tion whether, by the . onstiliilion of the lul
led Mates, tne bond-man. who is mae such
by lhe laws ol a Male, is still a man, or only
property, I answer Ihat, wi'hin that State, Us
laws on that subject are supreme ; that, w hen
i he has escaped Irora Ihat Mate into another,
j the Constitution regards htm as a bondsman
; wnil may not, uj Ally taw Ol legmanou o.
1 ,hi Stale, be disch&rced from his service,
bU t,all be delivered upon claim to the par-
I lv to whom his service is due. W hale pru-
dence and justice would combine in persuad.
! ,n- yon to modily the acts of t'ongress on
, inat subject, so as not lo othge private per-
carried into slavery, I agree that all laws of
, the Miates, whether free stales or slave Plates,
which relate to this class of persons, ur any
others recently coming from or resident in
other States, and which laws contravene the
Constitution uf the United Stales, ur any law
I of Congress pa;ied in conlurmiiy th.-e;o,
ooght to be repealed.
A! Interference dih S'fi'e Imtitutwn:
Secondly Experience in public affairs ha
confirmed my opinion, that ddmesiie si. very,
existing in any si-.aie, is wisely left by the
Constitution of the United (States exclusively
to the ore, management, and dtsnesition ol
that State ; and if it were in my pewer, I
would not .Iter tbe Constitution in ibst re
spect. If misapprehension of mv position
needs so strong remedy. I am willing to vote
for an amendment to the Crustrmion, deelzr
ire thai it shall .pt.br snv future amendment.
h .n hrd t.. ..nferonCon:rss .newer
to aboliih or interlere wuh si.very in any Sute.
The Trrrifnrinl Qutftiotx.
Thlr,iivwhile I thmU thai Cungress has
.xcluv. ud zovr.. .siUior. 1'8'"-
-...,., -.u. .rn.-..ud cber.s. .. ..
-ri.i,, ih. .... .ut eo.s.i.t,e..i
laws shall at aas nn.e be passed ia regard to
ibe Teiriti r e. is, like every other qnrstton,
10 be deiermintd on practical groBsds. I vo
ted fur caabhag acts in the cues of Oregon.
M.nneso'a, aad Kaa-as, withoot being able to
secure ia iheu such provisions as 1 would
base preferred ; and yet I voted wisely, tso.
Bow, I ani well sa.tsfied that, sadrr existing
circBw. stances, s happy and satisfactory sola
UoB ut ihe d.theu lies lit ike remaiBiDg Terri
tories would be uhuised by similar laws, pro
vidieg f r iheir or-auuaiioa, if sac. orguu
zatio. were otherwise craclxable.
It. therefore, kansas were admitted as .
I Mate, under lhe V yandulte Coastitution, as I
think she uughi to be, and u tht organic laws
ul all the other utrrii. r.cs eculd be repealed,
I could vote to author, ie lhe organ nation sad
admission of two new biaus which should in
clude ihero, reservikg the ri.i tu taTtci tab
divntiv.s ul Ihe art whenever necessary into
several coBVCiiieiit Miiea; Lull do not find
that such reseriatioBs cokld t constiinuon
aity raiade. Without ihem, tk ulterior em
barrsssrae bis a k.ch would result Irons tha
hasty incorporation of siaita of such vast ex.
teat and various ikierests and character would
eitiweik. all ibe in. mediate ailvantages of
such a measure, lint, il lhe .easur wera
praciicable. 1 should reler . d.lL-rent course,
aamely : whea the eccet. trie n, ovemems of
becessioB and lrtsuaioa shad have eaded. ia
whatever form thai ead may eon. e, and tha
ansr) txeiteuieuts il the hear shall tavesub
sioed. aud calmness once rnrre shall bava re
sumed us act usu ns.d sway over ih pubUo
mind, then, and aoi until iben one, two or
three yearn hence 1 shonld cheerfully advis.
a coBveni.on ol the people to be assembled in
pursuance of the Constitution, to consider
and decide whether any and what amendments
ut ihe organic national law ought tu be made.
A Republican now as 1 have hereto fore been
a member of other parlies existing in my day
1 never heless hold and cher.sb, t have al
ways, the principle ihat this Government ex
its ib its present form only by the consent of
the governed, and that 11 is a, necessary as 11
is wise, to resort lu lhe people lor revuiunsof
the organic law when the troubles and dan
gers i t lhe Plate certainly transcend the pow
ers delegated by it it. the public authorities
Nor ought ihe soegestson to excite surprise.
tsi vernnieiit, in any form, is a machine; lh.a
is lhe most Complex one thai the mind of man
has ever invented, or Ihe band uf aiaa has ev
er trained, fertect as 11 is, it ouhl Ul be ex
pected that it will, at least as t tteu aacnee in,
a ceniury. require some mi d.hraii. n lo aa.t
it to the changes uf suciety and alternation,
ut empire.
heotiom cf the Sf'ites.
Fourthly. I hold myself ready now, .s al
ways heretofore, to vote for anv properly
guarden laws which shall Ne deemed ntcess..
ry to prevent invasions ol Mates by ihe citizens
ol other mates, and punish those who sh.il
aid and abet them.
I'.ti-ifr. RtiVmnH.
Fifth'y. Notwimsiandirg the argimentsof
the gailant her.ati r treru Orca-on, 1 remain of
the optnivu. that pr.rsical b nds. such a
hichways, railroads, rivers and can. s. are
vastly more pewerlul lor bold, eg civil e m
munines together, than any mere covenants,
though wruten in parchment .-r ei.grvtd up
on in n. 1 rena-n, thereltre, constant Io my
porptse to seerire.it possible, ine construc
tion of two Par Do railwais, one cl which
shall connect the ports around Ihe mouths of
Ihe .Mississippi. and the other lhe lownson th.
si tsi nn anu me Lakes, sua lue naxoors b.
our V tstern Coast.
If. ib the eipresston or "Tieve vw?,s nsw
nut proposed what is des.red or expected by
many others, they will do me the jusi.ee lo ce
I v ih&i I am as tar from having su.i.it
wha, , B.nv r,.pts wonid have teeu ia
.., .,h cherished ccnvietions of n.v
,, l ier.j frl, ,,m Jenersoa Ihat i.
11 mt ttB Bvl a;Bays j0 mtat
lrrIB, , ,,e ..imei, be.l. Tho5e wuh
seems lo be ahsoluiely
whom we must necessarily act. en ertaining
ditlerent views, have the power and ihe rignt
of carrying them into practice. We must t.
content to lead when we can, and lo follow
when we can not lead ; and lf we can But .1
any time do for cor country alt the good that
we wonid wi n. we must bcsaiisrie.! wuh do
ing for her al! the good that we can.
Having submitted my own rp nu cson this
gre.l crisis. 11 remains on'y to say LUat 1 shall
cheerluny lend to the Uoe:.mcnl my be.l
support in whatever prudent yet energetic ef
fort it shall meke to preserve the publio
peace. and lu maintain and pieserve the Union;
advising, t n ly tha! it practice as Iar as pos
sible the utmost modciauon, forbcannc. ul
conciliation.
Abiding Faith trs Union.
Ani row, Mr. Frrsident, what are the aus
pices if the country 1 I know that we .re in
the midst of alarms, and somewhat exposed t
accidents nnavoolal le in seasons of tempes
tous passions. Vi e already have disorder ;
and violence has beg in. 1 know not to what
extenl itmav go. still, my faith iu the Con
sttt.i.ioB and in .he Union abidea. because my
failh 1. the wisdom .nd virtue of Ihe Ameri
can people remains unshaken. Coolness,
calmness, and resolution, are elements of
iheir character. They have teen temporarily
displaced, but they are re-appearitg. Soo
enough, 1 trust. It r safety, it will be seen that
sedition and violence are only loea! and tem
porary, and that loyalty and ailectkn to ths
Union are the natural sentiments if the whol.
country. Whatever dangers there shall be,
there will be the determination to meet them ;
whatever sacrifices, private 1 r public. shall t.
needlul for the t nion. ihey will te made. I
feel sure that the hour has not ccme tor tht.
great nation 10 fall. This people, which has
been studying to become wiser .nd better .s
it has grown older, is but perverse or wicked
er.oiieh to deserve so rireadu! an t severe .
punishment .a disscluiit n. This I riion ha.
noi yel accomplished what good lor mankind
was rcaBilesiiyilfsignedby Inm who appoints
Ihe seasons and presc rite . the duties of Stale,
and empires. V :r; it it were cast down
by faction lo-.!nv, it would rie main and re
appear in all iis majestic proportions to-morrow.
It is the .r.lv tiovernmeut that rsa
stand here. ! woe! to the man that
ina liy litis tin hand sga.ust it. It sha-l c. n-l-.Btie'.aJ
endure; and n.ea. in later times,
shall declare that '.his gener.li .n. which saved
the Union from such sndJeo and nnlooked
f. r dangers, siirpas-'d in nvagnaoitDiiy even
the one which ia'd its feui.dations in ihe eter
nal pnacip.esol liberty, justice and huaianity.
Ma.t-.ji Vas Ecres i-i .'.way.
shrewd okierv.r. Reoetlly, ia . publio
eriapsov, k. st.tsd thrt ilmiBi; . trip t
Illinois whi! Prss'.Jeut, is . public!
rei?ed, .t .3 okacpre low., Ij n titter
stranger, hoe .esse and spir;t, oa malinj
bi. tkt?-i.i.une, not only surprised bu.
delighted biro. Ht " ilh, : hial
for some lime, bil re.l with interest "i"
e.nalorial eoBhwlio 1S5S, and now foind
bim to fc. Iheiicns.iluiionallj sleartwd l'ref
ident Abrahaffi LiocoiO.
t