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FRIDAY EVENING, HARRISBURG '&&&$ TELEGRAPH DECEMBER "5,1919.
14
Scientific Discussions
by Garrett P. Serviss
Roland Rohlfs* achievement In
forcing his aeroplane to a height of
24,610 feet (over six and a halt'
miles) leads to many interesting
considerations. No man ever befoie
got as far as that away from the
centre of our planet. Yet unmanned
balloons have been seen more than
twice as high.
At least one "sounding balloon"
has gone to a height of 85,000 feet,
or about sixteen miles, an 1 many
have attained ten and twelve miles
elevation. The height reached b>
these balloons was ascertained in
precisely the way in which Rohlfs
determined the elevation ol his aero
plane, viz., .by the indications of a
barometer. The barometers carried
hv the balloon automatically re
corded the lowest atmospheric
pressure experienced, the point of
lowest pressure corresponding, or
course, with that of highest elevation
above sea level. .
These instruments do < lieu as
signed work when there is no eye
near to watch them, although it is
the cunning of the human brain that
Rohlfs' 'says that at the peak of
his tremendous ascent, which oiei
topped tlie loftiest mountain on tlie
earth hv more than a mile, his pow
erful propellers were unable to lirt
him a vard higher, notwithstanding
•ill his efforts. This is not surpris
ing when we consider that at an
elevation of six anil a half miles the
density of the air is reduced to less
than one-quarter of what it is at or
near sea level. Trying to fly an
i crop lane in air so rare us that
would be like trying to swim in a
liquid one-quarter as dense us
water. ,
It is not surprising, either, that
he had continually to resort to his
artificial supply f>f oxygen, for.
while the proportion of oxygen in
the air is about the same at all
levels, owing to the law of equal
diffusion of gases, the quantity,
taken in at a breath, when the ex
pansion is so great, becomes too lit
tle to maintain the. life processes.
The fall of temperature that he ol>-
KM-ved and against which his warm
clothing sufficiently protected him.
was about in accord with the gen
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.rial rule of one degree decrease for
every 350 feet of ascent.
The extent of the view over the
earths surface that lay beneath him
was the greatest ever offered to hu
man eyes. At an elevation of six
and one-half miles the depression
of the rational horizon becomes
about three degrees fifteen minutes,
without regard to the variable ef
fect of refraction, and the distance
of the verge of the horizon, ail
around, from the observer is then
about 230 miles. Thus Rohlfs' aero
plane, at (lie top if its climb, was
the apex of a cone six and one-half
miles high, whose base embraced
a circle of the earth's surface 1,444
i. iles in circuit, containing an area
of about 1 66,000 square miles—over
lour times that of the State of Ohio
Of course, at such distances all
the smaller details were lost, and
even directly below, only six and
one-half miles down, small objects,
like men, could not have been dis
tinguishable to the naked eye. This
lorms an interesting commentary on
the curious notion that a magnify
ing power of a few thousand diame
ters ought to make the inhabitants
of,the moon visible.
As a matter of fact a magnifying
power of ten thousand diameters,
which lias never been obtained or
even approached with any telescope
would still leave the moon'at an ap
parent distance of about twenty
four miles front the eye, at which
distance, with the clearest view, it
would lie practically impossible to
recognize even the largest buildings.
The impressiveness of a view em
bracing in a single circuit, about 1-
1200 th of the entire surface of the
earth, for that is what lay within
reach of Rolilfs" eyes, may bo imag
ined but cannot be described. With
a dip of the horizons amounting to
only three and one-quarter degrees,
the eye would still be deceived by
the apparent elevation of the outer
edge of the vast circle, so that the
portion of the earth within the
range of vision would have the look
of an immense basin, instead of
what it really was—a considerable
part of the convex surface of a
sphere 8,000 miles in diameter.
tt would be necessary to be at a
height equalling a considerable
fraction of the earth's radius before
the rotundity of tlie huge globe be
came evident at a glance. One
would have to rise to an elevation
or about one hundred and fifty
miles in order to look down
a slope of fifteen degrees to the
horizon, and as tlie distance of the
horizon would then be about a
thousand miles, so slight a slope
would hardly suggest a globular
shape. And at a height of one
hundred am', fifty miles the air
must be rarer than any vacuum
chamber that we can make.
Pa. Masonic Lodges
Get 12,000 Members
Philadelphia, Dec. s.—More than
12,000 new members were added to
Masonic lodges in Pennsylvania dur
ing the last year, according to a
statement of the Masonic Grand
I.odge. The normal increase is
about 5,000. The rush to join the
Masonic order is attributed to the
ending of the war in Europe. Many
of tlie new Masons are returned
soldiers.
William Hamilton, of Pittsburgh,
was elected junior grand warden,
tlie only office aver which there was
a contest. The other officers chosen,
who will also be installed on St.
John's Day. December 27, ate: K.
W. grand master, John S. Set,
Greensburg: deputy grand master,
Abraham M. Beitler, Philadelphia;
senior grand warden, Samuel M.
Goodvear, Carlisle: grand treasurer.
Thomas It. Patton; grand secretary,
John A. Perry.
The committee on Masonic Homes
elected comprises: George B. Or
lady, It. W. past grand master; Ed
ward W. Patton. George W. Mc-
Candless, William M. Donaldson,
Andrew H. Ilcrshey, Henry C.
Shock, Louis A. Watres, K. W. past
grand master.
Confesses Sending Bomb
to Mrs. Wanamaker
• Now York. Dee. s.—Ernest Albeit
Gustav Kurth, who sent a bomb to
Mrs. Rodman Wanamaker, pleaded
guilty to assault. He will be sen
tenced December 11, the maximum
penalty being five years' imprison
ment. He had been employed In
the Wanamaker home, but was dis
charged for giving wine parties.
A representative of the district at
torney's office told Judge Wadhams
ho believed Kurth intended merely
to injure Mrs. Wanamaker, and not
to kill lier. The bomb failed to ex
plode.
No Normal Children
Are Seen in Vienna
London.—Miss Ruth Ply. secre
tary of the Friends' war victim re
lief mission, draws an appealing pic
ture of the effects of tlie shortage
of milk on the health of children in
Vienna.
_ "X have recently paid a visit to
Vienna," she said, "and therefore
had special opportunities for obtain
ing information.
"Even the tragic state of Lille af
ter the withdrawal of the Germans,
when 60 per cent of the children
were found to be undersized and 40
per cent tuberculous, was not so ter
rible jis that of Vienna, now a city
of 2,500,000 inhabitants, where one
never sees u normal child in the
streets; where practically all the
children of the wage-earners are
undersized, practically ail under
three suffering from rickets and a
large proportion of older children
suffering from both rickets and tu
berculosis. which has reached the
proportions of a dangerous epidemic.
1 his ghastly state of affairs is the
direct result of malnutrition and,
above all, of the absence of milk. In
\ ienna milk is reserved for infants
under one year and the most seri
ous eases of illness. Hut in many
eases even the pint of milk allowed
has to be cut down one-half."
After describing some of the effects
of the shortage of milk in Germany,
where the conditions are much bet
ter than in Austria, Miss Fry asks:
"Could not measures be introduced
in those countries which have not
yet adopted them, whereby healthy
adults should be called on to make
a sacrifice in the interests of the
children, not only of their own coun
tries, but of allied and enemy coun
tries as well? 'flic surplus milk
could then be dried or condensed
for export.
"So long as serious shortage ex
ists anywhere, milk should be re
served everywhere for those whose
future health and strength depend
Mahogany & Wal- MAKE IT A I Smoking |
SttSISS FURNITURE CHRISTMAS , rr ~2t >■ I
furniture articles which you T i; • r •. k• .. -r. 1 .* ' , £ ~ both brass and wood, the latter *
could select * " ls Y ear g rurmture. It IS the girt lasting and ror the combined with a humidor. On .V
SPECIAL same amount as you would pay for a trinket, you can easily [ t ViokK < i- r tl 'lsli'truV niatch 5
10x18 in $1.50 buy a useful article of furniture for a friend oy for the whole Mahogany Stands, ri* o OE? #r
12x18 in $2.00 family. I Special *P £ • 4ai *3 .ft
the Kitchen Cabinet '* * |j
j ' —7 f~ Bring the kiddies to Toyland. Sec their delight whgn J*
I- I \j 1 H v?" 1 they look at the vast assortment of toys, games and dolls &
|j '' lrlt arC S ' l °^^^ ere ' Toylaticl is ill the rear of the lirst
' s,s,ee^,a "- a^l3ftJ
I."' ■. 0 -J l3ijr~" .• 1 M Other styles of cars up to ft
' sr,o ° 's:
figure 8 Truck,' Kngrlnc and Curs £i
r II | • *4* com plate, s;s..-<>. :
I t 13 C CYI ■ Games, Blocks, Soldiers, Water Color Painting Sets, jfi
™ will
a Outfits, etc. T
every housewife wants From These Three Select f
TpEW gifts appeal to the housewife as much as those that save her __ . *
J- time and strength and which add to the attractiveness of her YOUX ' ft
home. Among this class of gifts is one that meets every require- # .^ :: v -— %
ment —the Hoosier Kitchen Cabinet. Christmas |
Because of its scientific arrangement and many patented features, # M |BE|| ft
the Hoosier brings vital conveniences—time and labor savers —not to Xalkillfif /w< ll l'i i¥f l ''' W $
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perience; every worthy device is included. _ 'Machine I J-rTwC 7/ 1 §
What other gitt could equal several extra hours of leisure each || ( i j1 T, I' if ft
week? This is the fundamental uoon which Hoosier is constructed— 'B!f P' B ?
the saving of time and toil; the renderinjg of efficient kitchen service. VICTROLA Iltliail li 1
• The prices are within range
Stand and Chair in fumed hroni the three makes wd carry you can select \ r
Oak ... $12.50 |l\ (ry |\\|/ ° n a ' )as ' s ?*" htir companion. Delivery will be '$ :
! 1 !®"* , stationery '"'^The^nachine 1 and (six
Double Roaster mahogany 0 ° d un( records) will be deliveredjto you on a club ac- |
This roaster of New Hampshire *15.00 to $24.00 |
Gray, Granite is a real bargain. Large
IW4FA a V D B" WW "T" I Records %
eUOUgh to accommodate a loast t99C—Adentes Fldelft—Joy to THe X
fowl for the average family. Until our H ■ B i76<j—No*areth—fiA* Noweii.
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.1 I 1 \^gwm 87070—For You Alone ICaruao) SI.OO :ft
litem fflPf 87524—Whispering HopV (Gluck and Hopier) ft*
Qnoptal AQ A
. ' ; Street, - ' |
4 ' '3f| " ' ' '* J |
■on it. The health of the next gen- I
erution," she says in conclusion, "is
lan international qut-stion."
Admits Stealing Clock
From Mail Airplane
I Pittsburgh, Pn„ Dec. s.—Frank |
( Dumtnsky, of Dußois, Pa., pleaded
j guilty in United States district court!
| when he was brought before Judge j
i Orr, accused of steuling a clock from '
! airplane No. 94 of the New York-j
| Cleveland air mail route, when it I
landed near Dußois October 13.
i The crew left the machine fori
' several mitiutes and upon their re- |
i turn the clock, valued at S4B, was
I
' missing. A search of tlie vicinity i
i
I resulted in the arrest of Duminskyl
j and the recovery of the timepiece. I
I Duminsky released on S3OO bail, will i
i
j be sentenced Saturday.
ELECTRIC NEEDLE ENDS
SEVEN-DAY SLEEP;
1 New York, Dee. s.—Application of!
I ;
1 electric needles to the spine cured
a ease of sleeping sickness yesterday;
jin S<. Mary's Hospital, Brooklyn,
j Miss Lena Paseo, 20 years old, whoj
had been in a sound slumber since;
'last Friday niornipg, was brought!
| back to consciousness by electrical)
j treatment.
SUGGESTIVE.
"My father used to give me this [
: advice: 'Always think before you ;
1' speak.' "
"But didn't he want you to talk j
at all?" —Life.
|f| WgTjSv / —when you're going to try Penn-Cera— x
Vj and make that "when" now! You'll forget
' V / that Sahara Desert feeling right off the
. Real Drink-Pep Aplenty
Mildly stimulating, a delicious, cereal beverage, ben^-
ra&jk hcial and enjoyable.
up another bottle." LIGHT, DARK, PORTER.
Philadelphia.
r r ~1 1> rvhgS®M[ Frank S. Garber, Distributor
lor.ttnel\esl 1901-1903 North Sixth Street *
r mrTTr -i i _ffnnifa m, i