6
TREATY AGAINST
IRISH INTERESTS,
COMMITTEE HEARS
American Representatives of
Freedom For Ireland Tes
tify Before Senate Body
By Associated Press.
WMhlnidon, Aug. 30.—Asking tor
rejection of the Peace Treaty. Amer
ican representatives of the cause of
Irish freedom told the Foreign Re
lations Committee to-day that the
Treaty would create a super-govern
ment against Ireland's interests and
would establish British naval supre
macy so firmly as to menace the
United Stutes.
Daniel F. Cohalan, a Justice of the
Supremo Court, of New York, Edward
F. Dunne, former Governor of Illi
nois; Frank P. Walsh, H. Burke Coch
ran, and others representing various
Irish organizations, appeared. They
said they voiced the sentiment of
more than 20,000,000 American citi
zens of Irish blood.
"We, citizens of the United States
of Irish blood," said a memorial read
to the commltte. "but attached above
all things to this Republic and its
constitution respectfully pray that
the proposed Treaty now before you
be rejected as a direct violation of
,the principles on which this war was
fought, as they were defined by Pres
ident Wilson.
"Ireland has been asserting con
tinuously lier claim to independence
for eight centuries. One fifth of this
entire population of the United States
is of Irish extraction. We ask that
Ireland be not the only nation ex
cluded front the benefit of the glor
ious principles enunciated by Mr.
Wilson as those which the Great
War was fought to establish. We es
pecially denounce article ten of the
proposed League of Nations as a de
vise to stifle the conscience of civi
lization and render it impotent to con
demn and by condenmlng to end the
oppression of weak nations enslaved
by powerful neighbors. It impeaches
the most creditable page in our his- ]
tory and discredits the circumstances
and conditions in which our republic
was born and our liberty achieved.
Must Hove Aid
"The conscience of civilization, the
only force to which the oppressed
can appeal, would no longer be able
to take effective jurisdiction of
wrongs perpetrated by powerful na
tions on weaker people. No strug
gling nation has ever accomplished
its independence except through the
aid of other nations." ;
Taking particular exceptions to the ;
League of Nations proposal Justice j
Cohalan declared it would be "in- 1
tolerable" to give Great Britain six
votes in the League as against the '
Utjited States one.
"We fought," he said, "to destroy I
autocracy, which means not only mil- .
itarism the control of the land, but j
also navalism, the control of the sea. i
We contend that the postion of the ,
British fleet is made such by this !
treaty that It can be used only against
the United States. Germany and I
Russia are in no position 'to contest \
it and Franco practically has been
turned into a continual vassal of Eng- I
land.
To Give I p Doctrine
"If we enter into a scheme which
leaves to another country the mas
tery of the seas, we place ourselves
voluntarily in the position where we
shall carry on commerce with other
countries as a matter of providing
instead of as matter of right. We
are asked also under the proposed
plan practically to give up the Mon- |
roe Doctrine.
"We insist that this is in no sense a !
League of Nations, but is simply a !
cover for an Anglo-American alliance!
under which the Freedom of America I
would be abridged and the power of I
the governing classes in England per
manently secured."
Would Start Rebellion
Mr. Walsh, chairman of the Amer
ican commission on Irish independ
ence declared the League would put
more than half the world in rebel
lion. He said he always had been a
Democrat and "almost a pacifist," but
that the best friend President Wilson
has is the man who will stand up and
"keep him from the great mistake
he is about to make."
Mr. Walsh offered to give the com-
•ft iH ™
IUK At All Grocers
SATURDAY EVENING,
TYPICAL HEADQUARTERS OF A
BELGIAN COMPANY IN THE CONGC
ONE OF MANY THAT ARE ,
DEVELOPING THIS COLONYS
GREAT NATURAL RESOURCES
By ALBERT BRETON, i
Vice President Guaranty Trust Co. of
New York.
"55HT HE Belgians are undertaking
MB© ,helr country's reliabilita
tlon with cliarneterlstlc
courage and hope.
In the beginning of Its great task
Belgium's most urgent need Is for
commercial and Industrial credits
which will enable manufacturers
promptly to restore and <qulp their
devastated plnnts ana purchase raw
materials.
It Is to be expected that Govern
ment credit will be utilized in the re
development of the country's business
In addition to further borrowing to
meet the extraordinary national ex !
penses in the period of demobilization.
Fortunately the financial condition of j
the Belgian Government is particularly
favorable.
The gross debt of Belgium Is 13,422,-
000,000 francs, equivalent to about $2,-
000.000,000, and consists of a pre-war
debt of 4,957,000,000 francs and a war
debt of 8,465,000,000 francs. Offsets to
this debt are In part: Investments in
railways, telegraphs and telephones
approximately 3,000,000,000 francs, and
deposits of Relchsbank notes 2,000,-
000,000 marks.
In view of the relatively small na
tional debt, Belgium is In a favorable
position in bidding for credit abroad.
Moreover, the indemnities should ultl-
| mittee "in executive session" reports
! of the interviews bewtene members of
| the Irish American delegation sent to
i Paris and President Wilson and other
| peace delegates. At the suggestion
I of Senator Johnson. Republican, Cali
fornia. the committee voted to re
ceive the records and print them for
public circulation.
Separated Forever
When Ireland separated from Great
Britain in the uprising during the
war, Mr. Walsh said, "they separated
forever." The Irish were willing to
"fight to the death," he asserted, if
it became necessary.
Describing his experience at Paris,
where his commission was refused a
hearing at the Peace Conference. He
head the names of a long list of dele-
RUBBER GATHERERS ON A
CONGO RAILROAD-THIS INDUSTRY
PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN BELGIUM S
COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT
mately more than offset the entire war
debt. Meanwhile, even though not im
mediately available In full, the indem
nities, as enforclblo claims against
Germany, may be made to lend addi
tional support to the credit of Belgium
In Its borrowings for Immediate needs.
Besides, taxes have been light hither
to and for the most part Indirect, leav
ing a wide range of possible expansion
gations frcm small nations who called
on the Irish-Americans to ask "why
the 14 points were being disregarded.
He said he understood that the Peace
Conference drew lines on the map
by mistake" in several cases and got
several nationalities into the wrong
nation.
He said he was present at the open
meeting when the League covenant
was approved and that various peo
ple were jumping up over the hall to
make suggestions, "but M. Clemen
ceau blandly said 'there being no ob
jection, the covenant is agreed to.' "
Mr. Walsh's statements brought re
peated laughter and cheers from the
largest crowd of spectators that has
attended any of the committee's hear
ings. V
HXRJRXSBURG TELEGRAPH
of the State revenues from taxation
without the Imposition of ex'cessive
rates.
Belgium's record of superior finan
cial and Industrial achievements In
the past Is her surest guarantee for
the future. It Is the most densely
populated country In the world. Hav
ing an area of 11,373 square miles
(somewhat larger than Vermont and a
A. F. of L. Approves
Cigarmakers' Strike
Washington, Aug. 30.—Formal ap
proval of the strike of cigarmakers
over the country was given to-day by
the executive council of the Ameri
can Federation of Labor, in a tele
gram sent to G. W. Perkins, of Chi
cago. president of the union. The
council announced it had concluded to
'appeal to all workers and friends for
full moral and financial support" of
the strikers.
The telegram signed by President
Samuel Gompers said:
"The executive council of the Amer
ican Federation of Labor havipg un-
BELGIUM IS RAPIDLY
CONVERTING HER WAR
INDUSTRIES TO PEACE
MANUFACTURING
little smaller than Maryland), Belgium
supported in well-dllfused comfort a
population of more than 7,000,000 In
1914. An excess of Immigration over
emigration In recent years Indicates
that an nverage density of more than
COO Inhabitants per square mile has
der consideration the strikes of the
large numbers of cigarmakers of the
country, endorses the attitude of the
Cigarmakers' International Union of
America. The executive council has
concluded to appeal to all workers
and friends for full moral and finan
cial support for the cigarmakers en
gagejj. in their Justified contest. The
executive council sends- fraternal
greetings and test wishes for suc
cess."
Saving Stamps Sales in
July Increased 10 Per Cent.
Washington, Aug. 30. Officials
who have urged that the surest way
THE FAMOUS MOLE AT
ZEE BRUGGE, PARTILLV
DESTROYED BY THE BRITISH
IN THEIR DESTRUCTIVE RAID
AND SINCE BEBUHT BY THEM
not produced undue pressure upon the
country's resources. The kingdom
stood eighth unions the nations, rank
ed according to aggregate wealth, and
sixth according to total foreign trade
and iu commerce per capita was sur
passed only by the Netherlands.
Belgium's prosperity and Its high
rank among the Industrial nations be
fore the war had an especially sound
basis in the country's highly developed
agriculture. About three-11 ftbs of the
total area was under cultivation. The
to bring down the cost of living
was to increase the savings and less
en the expenditures of the people
have taken hope in treasury reports
that the sale cf savings stamps in
July showed an increase ot" more
than 10 per cent, over June, while
for the same period the conversions
of stamps into cash decreased 1G
per cent. & it
That there still is room for im
provement was seen in the an
nouncement that the first seven
months of this year sales have aver
aged only 9 5 cents for every person
in the country, the total being $95,-
400,470.
AUGUST 30, lSte.
A VIENA ON THE CONGO RIVER,
SHOWING ONE OF THE RICH
PLANTATIONS OP BELGIUMS
- COLONY
average vnlne of tlie produce per acre
was approximately $lOO, a yield equal-i
ed by no other country.
Although Belgians sold considerable
quantities of foodstuffs abroad, the
country Is not self-supporting as re
gards food. The Imports of liquors
and foodstuffs have regularly exceeded
the total exports—in 1012 by $132,000,-
000. Nevertheless a domestic produc
tion unnually of $53 worth of food
stuffs for every person In the king
dom contributed greatly to the
strength and stability of the bases of
Belgium's prosperity.
Important as has been the unparal
leled development of Belgium's agri
culture, it is the manufacturing and
related Industries, diversified and In
tensively developed, that have given
the country so prominent a place
among the commercial nations.
An Important key to a nation's in
dustrial progress and possibilities Is
Its coal supply. Tlltherts Belgium's
domestic coal has come from the
southern fields, which, with a single
interruption of about four miles, ex
tend across the kingdom. For some
years before the war the output aver
aged about 23,000,000 tons, and until
1009 Belgium exported au excess of
coal. Since 1010, however, the In
creased domestic consumption, due
primarily to the very rapid growth of
Broughton. Brandenburg
Is Indicted For Larceny
York, Aug. 30. Broughton
Brandenburg, former newspaper writ-
cr, who was acquitted in 1909 of a
charge of grand larceny resulting
from his sale to a newspaper of an
article of which he said President
Cleveland was the author was indict
ed by a grand Jury here yesterday on
a grand larceny and conspiracy
charge.
The indictment followed Investiga
tion of an alleged attempt to exploit
a stoap stone hill on Staten Island
as an asbestos mine.
the Industries, has brought about i
reversal of trade conditions. The dU
covery of twoi new con! fields, on® m
Jacent to the Netherlands border an
the other tn the southern part of th
kingdom, promises to relieve the hi
cesslty for reliance upon Imported cot
In the near future.
Along wltli the coal resources In th
southern provinces arc rich deposits 4
iron ore, but owing In part to legal r|
strictions governing the extraction 4
these deposits the production of ol
has been small for a long time. Net
ertheless Belgium's Ufty blast furnact
produced In 1012, clilelly from Luxed
burg ores, 2,300,000 tons of pig Iron.
In keeping with the development 4
the Iron nnd steel industry, there ha
been a significant expansion of varlot)
related lines of manufacturing, espi
cially machine and engine works am
the construction of railwny equlpmc*
and automobiles. The zinc, lead, chen
leal, glass und textile Industries ai
among the other more Important entel
prises.
The totnl mileage of the Belgial
railways In 1912 was 5,399 —2,92
miles of stnndnrd gauge roads an
2.471 miles of light, or meter guagt
roads. This was an average of 47J
miles of line for each square mile o
territory, the greatest railroad density
as a whole In any country.
The totnl foreign commerce, erclt
sive of transit trade, averaged for tb
four years Immediately preceding th
war more than $1,500,000,000, the ava
age value of the exports being $702
000,000 nnd that of the imports sSBfl
000,000. Of the Imports, more tha
one-hnlf, as measured In value, col
slsted of raw materials or seml-roant
factured goods, und of the exports a)
proximately 40 per cent, was inonufai
tured products.
In the Ilelginn Congo there Is q
asset which will prove of lncreasln
Importance In the future developmet
•of Belgium's industries. In area tb
colony is eighty times as large as Be
gium Itself. Although situated In cqul
torlal Africa, its climate Is on th
whole much more salubrious than tin
of most tropical countries, because tb
greater part of the country Is a con
paratively high plntcnu. The popult
tion of the colony is variously est
mated at from 10,000,000 to 15,000,001
Since the annexation of the Cong
by Belgium In 1008 industrial entei
prise there has been concerned chletl
with preparation for a comprehensiv
and well rounded development of tb
colony through the exploitation of II
resources agricultural, forest an
mineral.
In 1910 the Government began I
comprehWislve program of agrlculturl
education and experimentation oi
which the Administration was to ej
pend approximately $400,000 a yea
for a period of ten years. Five full
equipped laboratories were provide
and various Government plantation
were devoted to demonstration wort
both in crop growing and In cattl
raising. Particularly gratifying ha\
been the successful experiments wlti
cotton and rice growing, and the Colt
nlal Minister recently expressed th
belief that In a comparatively shot
time the colony would be supplying tl*
factories of Belgium with all their rat
cotton. i
Frozen Fish in Storage
Showed Decrease Aug. 15
WnxlilnKtnn, Aug. 30.—Frozen tlsh
held In storage August 15 amounted
to 67,710,173 pounds, compared to 82,-
554,798 pounds at the same time last
year, the monthly report of the bu
reau of markets of the department of
agriculture shows.
The holdings of cured herring
amounted to 30,217,216 pounds, com
pared to 27,290,409 pounds on August
15, 1918; and the holdings of mild
cored saliror. amounted to 9,347,623
pounds, compared with 5,
pounds last year.