10
CARNEGIE DIES
AFTER BRIEF ILLNESS
[Continued front First Page.]
gcstlons us to how Carnegie couhl
rid himself of his wealth. Twel.e
thousand persons solved the proo
lent in part by asking for some ot
the money for themselves.
The answers which Curneßic nim
self gave and backed up with nis
millions have made hint the most
original if not the greutest of phil
anthropists.
Before he sailed for Scotland m
1901 he loft letters announcing git's
of $9 000.000. His first big glt was
the setting aside of $4,000 000 to
supply pensions and relict lor the
injured and aged employes of his
steel plants—"an acknowledgment ot
the deep debt which I owe to the
workmen who have contributed ao
greatly to my success." He added
an extra million for the support ot
libraries for his workmen, and look
up his library hobby in a wholesale
way by giving $5,200,000 to New
York City for the erection of sixly
tive branch libraries in the me
tropolis. Another million he ga.u
for a library in St. Bonis.
$53,000,000 I'or Libraries
"I have just begun to give money
away " he said in announcement of
these gifts. He kept it up as fast as
he could with discrimlnat on. On li
braries alone he spent upwards o.
$33,000,000. He gave them to some
two thousand English-speaking
communities throughout the world.
One of his libraries is in the I'iji
Islands.
He remembered Pittsburgh, the
scene of his steel-making triumphs,
by establishing there a great insti
tute, including the largest ol his
libraries, a museum, a magnincenL
t-oncert ball, and the Carnegie
Technological schools, with a total
endowment of $10,000,000.
He built a great national institu
tion in Washington, which should
he the fountain head of advanced
work in "investigation, research and
discovery," and nlaced in the hands
of its trustees a total endowment
of some $20,000,000.
To his native Scotland his laigcst
single gift was a fund of $10,000,-
000 to aid education in Scottish uni
versities.
He carried out his pet idea of a
Hero Commission, endowed in 190 a
with $5,000,000 by which hundreds
of men, women and children have
been rewarded with Carnegie medals
or pensions for acts of heroism in
the rescue of imperiled -ersons. He
later extended similar bcnelactions
to several foreign countries.
Establishes Corporation
He established the Curncg.e
Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching, with a total fund of sß>,-
000,000, which lias taken up elfict
ency surveys of educational work,
aided many institutions and provid
ed pensions for college professors.
In 1911 he capitalized his educa
tional benevolence, so that his gifts
to libraries, colleges and other in
stitutions should live after him, by
establishing the Carnegie Corpora
tion with a fund of $23,000,000.
One of his latest and greatest
ideals was the abolition of war, a
hope that he cherished in the face
of international conflicts. He gave
$10,000,000 toward an Inter
national Peace Fund, and built the
Peace Palace at The Hague, which
was dedicated in 1913. .lie gave
$750,000 for the Bureau of Ameri
can Republic at Washington.
Gives Organs to Churches
His love of music moved him to
equip hundreds of churches and in
stitutions with pipeorgans. He
never gave directly any large sum
to religious purposes. Of his organ
gifts he said he would hold himself
responsible for what the organ
pealed forth on the Sabbath, but
not for what might be said in the
pulpit. One of his very earliest gifts,
as far. back as 1891, was the Car
negie Music Hall in New York, at
a cost of $2,000,000, and as presi
dent of the New York Philharmonic
Society he spent his money liber
ally in furthering its ideals. He also
liberally backed the Pittsburgh or
chestra.
To the Allied Engineers Societies
he gave $2,000,000. His small gifts
to colleges amounted to some $20,-
000,000. No man left at his death
such an unique and such a scattered
series of monuments to perpetuate
his memory.
Story of Scotch Thrift
In the background of these fif
teen years of philanthropy there is
the familiar story of Scotch thrift,
a little luck, and steel, which made
such generosity possible.
Carnegie was fond of telling the
story himself. Rapidly covered it
was this: His first penny he earned
unexpectedly as a child when he
astonished his schoolmaster in Dun
fermline by reciting Burns' long
poem, "Man Was Made to Mourn,"
without a break. There is an anec
dote of how, when asked in Sunday
School to recite a proverb from
Scripture, the young Scot unwit
tingly forecast his own fortune by
giving the homely advice "Look
after the pence, and fhe pounds will
take care of themselves."
Andrew was 12 when his' father,
a master weaver, was brought almost
to destitution. The steam looms
drove him out of business. The
family numbered four, including
"Andy" and his younger brother,
William. The parents decided to
emigrate to America, whence some
Relatives had preceded them with
success. They settled at Allegheny
City, Pa., across the river from
Pittsburgh, in 1848. The father and
Andrew found work in a cotton fac
tory. the son as bobbin boy. It was
his first work. The salary was $1.20
a week. He was soon promoted, at
a slight advance, to engineer's as
sistant. He stoked the boilers and
run the engine in the factory cellar.
In those dingy quarters, where
lie worked twelve hours a day, came
the inspiration that later led to his
library benefactions, he said. A
Colonel Anderson, possessed of some
400 books, announced he would open
his library every weekend and allow
boys to borrow any books they
pleased. Carnegie was one of the
most eager readers.
"Only he who has longed as I did
for Saturdays to come," he has
said, "can understand what Colonel
Anderson did foe *iv and other boys
of Allegheny. Is It any wonder that
I resolved, if ever surplus wealth
came to me, I would use it imitat
ing my benefactor."
At 14, Carnegie emerged from the
engine cellar and became a telegraph
messenger. J. Douglas lteid, a
hunfermlino man, who had come to
America early, was head of the of
fice and he made Andrew his pro
tege. Telegraphy was then almost a
new thing. Nobody ventured to read
the dots and dashes by sound. They
were all impressed on tape. Car
negie is said to have been the third
operator in the United States to ac
complish the feat of reading mes
sages by sound alone. He practiced
mornings before the regular oper
ators came around.
' "One day a death message signal
came," he has related, "before the
operators arrived." "Jn those days
death messages were the most im
portant messages we handled. I
ventured to take this one."
Capitalist at If!
He did it correctly und delivered
the telegram before the regular
*nrce was on duty at all. It won
MONDAY EVENING.
ANDREW CARNEGIE, STEEL
MAGNATE AND PHILANTHROPIST
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him promotion to the key and
sounder. When the Pennsylvania
Railroad put up a telegraph wire of
its own he became clerk under Di
visional Superintendent Thomas A.
Scott. His salary jumped to $35 a
month. "Mr. Scott," he observed,
"was then receiving $125 a month,
and I used to wonder what on earth
he could do with so much money."
Andrew was 16 when his father
died, and he became at once the
breadwinner for the family and a
true capitalist. He had been told
by his trusted employer that ten
shares of Adams Express stock
could be had for SSOO, and it was a
good investment. At a family coun
cil that night, Carnegie's mother de
cided she would mortgage her little
home for SSOO. The stock was
bought, and it brought monthly
dividends of one per cent.
"I can see that first check of ten
dollars dividend money now." he
said when he became a retired iron
master with millions. "It was some
thing new to all of us, for none of us
had ever received anything but
from toil."
The next step toward independ
ence und fortune came when T. T.
Woodruff the inventor of the sleep
ing cur, approached him with a
model of the invention. "He had
not spoken to me a minute," Car
negie has since recalled, "before,
like a flash, the whole range of its
value burst upon me. 'Y'es,' I said,
'that is something which this conti
nent must have.' "
He consulted Scott, and the three
invested for the manufacture of the
cars. Carnegie, then earning SSO
monthly, had to borrow $2 00 as his
first instalment of capital, but later
when he sold out his interest to the
Pullman Company he had realized
SIO,OOO for the venture.
Carnegie was 26 when the Civil
War broke out and he saw his old
employer and friend Scott elevated
to the post of assistant secretary of
war. Carnegie in turn won an ap
pointment as director of government
railways and telegraphs. To the
carnage he saw at several battles
may be traced his lifelong belief in
the folly of warfare —"a blot upon
civilization."
Unwittingly following the lead of
a man who was later to eclipse him
in fortune building, Carnegie, at 30
years of age, invested in oil. As one
of a syndicate he bought up a vast
tract of oil land. In a year, to the
surprise of all the investors, it paid
the astonishing return of $1,000,000
in rash dividends upon a capital of
$40,000.
But iron was the magnet then at
tracting Carnegie. The railroads
were experimenting with cast iron
bridges. Carnegie foresaw the de
mand for a factory that could
turn out the iron parts, and
he formed the Keystone Rridge
Works. They built, as their first
great piece, a bridge over the Ohio
river, with a span of 300 feet. De
mand for similar structures became
general, and the Keystone works
got the big orders and profits.
Believed in Steel
Carnegie then began to see that
iron rails must be given up for steel.
On a visit to England in 186 8 he
discovered the success being obtain
ed there with the Bessemer process.
Carnegie quietly brought it home,
and before the English makers were
aware of the fact, he had adopted
it in his mills.
The romance of his success was
such that the immigrant boy of
1848 became some forty years later
the world's leading producer of steel,
a multimillionaire himself, and fust
bringing a score of other men into
the same category. Many square
miles of his mills surrounded Pitts
burgh. He reached into Upper
Michigan, 700 miles away, and ac
quired vast regions of ore land. He
established railway and steamship
lines to bring the ire to him. He
boasted of the reduction in price of
steel rails from $95 a ton down to
$26. His critics claimed that even
the lower figure was maintained only
by the fact that ho had monopolized
the industry. A former secretary
once divulged what was alleged to
have been official correspondence to
the effect that the Carnegie steel
combination could sell rails at a
profit us low as sl2 a ton.
It was certain that the grip which
he had upon the steel situation
made his elimination necessary if
others in quest of wealth in steel
were to realize millions they saw
going to him. He was, accordingly.
bought out in 1901. The syndicate
headed by J. P. Morgan, which de
sired to form the billion dollar
United States Steel Corporation,
paid $420,000,000 in their live per
cent, bonds for the Carnegie com
pany' holdings.
"What a fool I was," Carnegie
later said in a hearing before a
Congressional committee at Wash
ington, "to sell out to the steel
corporation for only $420,000,000.
I have since learned from the in
side that 1 could have received
$100,000,000 more from Mr. Morgan
if we had placed that value on our
properities." Carnegie's personal
share in these holdings netted him
about $250,000,000. His first actual
investment in iron had been $1,500
of borrowed money, 36 years before.
Cllose His Men
"The secret and method of my
success is simple," he said. "I or
ganized my business into depart
ments. I put the best men 1 could
find at the head of each depart
ment, held him responsible and
judged him by results. 1 have start
ed more than fifty men on the road
to millionaires."
Carnegie's mother, to whom he
repeatedly gave credit for all that
he wus, lived to be an octogenarian,
and so devoted was he to her that
he hesitated to marry. In 1888,
however, he married Louise 'White
field, of New York, by whom he
had one child, a daughter, Margaret,
born in 1897. His bride was twenty
years his junior. To her and her
daughter probably remains a large
fortune, notwithstanding Carnegie's
public gifts.
"As an American citizen he estab
lished a magnificent home in New
York, on Fifth avenue at Ninetieth
street, and at the same time negoti
ated the purchase of the celebrated
Skibo Castle, in Scotland. This mam
moth baronial structure he remodel
ed. bringing some steel for the pur
pose from Pittsburgh. The estate,
comprising many square miles along
the Highland coast of Scotland, has
excellent grouse moors, and fishing
brooks, in which Carnegie delighted,
a golf links which he established,
and a pier off which he kept his yacht
Seabreeze. One way or another he
had crossed the ocean some hundred
times, and once took a tour around
the world.
On his Skibo Castle flagstaff he
flew both the Stars and Stripes and
the Union Jack—sewed together.
His llooks
Intermittently, Carnegie made use of
his pen. His interviews with the
newspaper men invariably wound up
with an envious remark such as "t
would like nothing better than to be
a reporter." He wrote a little f ti
the press in the days of Horace Gree
ley, and later owned a paper for a
time. His books numbered about a
dozen, his first being a testimony >o
his love of coaching—"An American
Four-In-Hand in Great Britain"
(1883). The next year he wrote
"Around the World." Then "Trium
phant Democracy"—a review of 5o
years of the Republic. Upon his re
tirement from business in 1901, tm
wrote "The Gospel of Wealth," and
followed it with "The Umpire of
Business." In 1905 he, once an engi
neer in the factory cellar, wrote "The
Life of James Watt," the inventor of
the steam engine. His most recent
work was "Problems of To-day."
The attacks upon Carnegie were at
one time numerous. He was often
accused of having violated In prac
tice what lie had so conspicuously
preached in theory, regarding labor.
He saw the development of working
men's unions and sometimes was forced
to concede to their demands. He him
self claimed to have always main
tained a relatively higher wage in
his mills than any other manufactur
er.
Ills Terse Comments
His theory on this subject and oth
ers. is related at random in numerous
bits of epigrammatic phraseology
culled from his interviews, speeches,
and writings.
"The instinct which led the slave
holder to keep his slave in ignorance
was a true one. Educate man. and
his shackles fall." he said.
"Labor, capital and business ability
arc the three legs of a three- 'legged
stool; neither is first, neither is sec
ond, neither is third; there is no prec
edence. all being equally necessary.
He who would sow discord among the
three is an enemy to all."
"The day is coming, and already
we see it dawn, in which the man who
dies possessed of millions of avui,-
HAPJRISBURG TEI.EGRAPEC
; able wealth which was free and in
his hands ready to be distributed, will
die disgraced."
And along the same line he said:
I "Among the saddest of all spectacles
to me is that of an elderly man oc
cupying his last years grasping for
more dollars."
Pertaining to success: "Immense
power is acquired by assuring your
self in your secret reveries that you
were born !o -ontrol affairs."
Of the over-working tendency in
Amerieu: "I hope Americans will
someday find more time for play, like
their wiser brethren on the other
side."
On temperance: "The first and ar'st
seductive peril, and the destroyer of
most young men, is the drinking of
liquor." (Mr. Carnegie himself, was
a totul abstainer, and gave his em
ployes at Skibo Custle a 10 per cent.
' advance on their wages every year
| they reported they hud not touched
I liquor.)
• nn such subjects
and others without end —poverty as
. . access, mother love, busi
i ness organisation, good reading,
! home making and peace—he has sent
' tered through his books, even more
| widely than his grlncely gifts.
There are two Carnegie "gifts"
I which will be generally forgotten,
j since they were never accepted. It
' was reported that his anti-imperial
j ism prompted him to offer $25,000,000
I to the United States Government, if
I it would turn over the Philippines to
the natives for self-government. Lat
er when the question of "What shall
we do with our Ex-Presidents7" was
widely discussed, "Carnegie's imagi
nation solved the problem. He of
fered to support them on a $25,000
pension every year so long as they
£;_ Oxen and wooden plows have passed into history, as
f~- , ~ —definitely as stone axes and the rest of the crude implements
yz." ~ A of early history—
/ The horse is passing-—has, in fact, already passed as a
jd f\~ / means of transport. The automobile and the motor truck
/sr / have taken its place in the realm of transportation.
—-f Now the farmer's needs have outgrown the horse.
JSS.. The world's ever-increasing demand for greater food
fa mT ~. | production at lesser cost must be heeded.
= Power is the solution
I The limits of flesh and blood are always within sight;
■ ■ Brawn has long since been outdone by power-driven steel
■** 1 engines, in nearly every line of industry—Farming is the
J~ ; I greatest industry of all —The era of power farming is here.
Power farming- —farming with tractors —means the solu
tion of the help question. It means better farming; better
seed beds; increased crops; time saved; greater prosperity.
'W OW' /
mill I|B )*></' ee ow oH ver h as k e pt s t e P
tfMyjJ/lIM \\ Come to the Pennsylvania Tractor Demonstration, Tjes-
W vi day and Wednesday, August 12th and 13th, on the Bonnv
=>- niead Farms > near Harrisburg. Take Hummelstown car.
Oliver Chilled Plow Works
Harrisl>ur£ Branch, 14th and Howard Streets
j lived, and do the same for their wid
-1 ows as long as they remained unmar-
L ried. The proposition was frowned
j upon, and dropped.
Friends and Business
Associates Are Shocked
by His Sudden End
By Associated Press
] New York, August 11.— Although
| .Mr. Carnegie, who was In his 84th
' year had been an invalid since 1917,
I when he suffered an attack of grippe,
[ the news of his death was a shock to
I old friends and former business asso
ciates here. Since his previous seri-
I ous illness he had been under the
■ care of two nurses.
Identified so long with the inter
, national peace movement, Mr. Car
-1 nogie was said to have been more
| severely affected by the World War
than most men. it came as a hard
blow to him. and the cause which he
had so close at heart.
Owing to his ill health Mr. Carnegie
for some lime had led a secluded life,
| and his withdrawal from all public
j activities gave rise to frequent state
ments concerning his health. After
] his retirement lie was compelled to
| limit the number of his daily visit
] ors, and until his last illness he met
j and spoke with only a few of the
j oldest and closest friends. His phy
-1 sician decided be frequently over
j taxed his strength by seeing all call
j ers at his Fifth avenue home here,
j Two years ago, Mr. Carnegie found
| a refuge at "Shadow Brook," his now
summer home at Lenox, which he pur
j chased from the estate of Anson
• Phelps Stokes. Previously he had
spent his vacations at Skibo Castle, at I
JJumfermline, in Scotland. When he
purchased the property '.t was an- i
Pounced that neither he nor any I
member of his family probably ever |
again would visit Skibo because 01' j
changes, physical and sentimental, i
caused by the war.
Wedtliiig Last Social AiTair
The marriage of Mr. Carnegie's
only daughter, Margaret, 011 April
23, to Ensign Roswell Miller, U. is.
N., was the last social affair
the aged philanthropist and peace
advocate attended here. The cere
mony was performed at Mr. Car
negie's town house in the presence
of 100 guests, (he bride standing in
a Moral bower and Scotch bagpipes |
played in accordance with lieri
father's wish.
The bridegroom, son of a former j
president of the Chicago, Milwaukee |
and St. Paul railroad, who died in I
1913, had completed his college I
course when war was declared. In!
191f> he left Stevens Institute in j
Hoboken, where he was taking a
1 course in civil engineering, to drive j
an ambulance in France and when i
the United States became involved;
lie entered the Navy as an Ensign. !
Many Honors Bestowed
it was raid at the time of the I
wedding that after the honeymoon:
Mr. Miller and li s bride would go
to Princeton, N. J., where ho would
| complete his studies before entering
I upon a professional career. The!
former Miss Carnegie, heiress of her!
father's millions, is 22 years old.
Her husband is two years her
senior.
Mr. Carnegie at the time of his
death was the holder of numerous
honors and decorations bestowed oil
AUGUST 11, 1919.
hint by rulers and people all over
tho world. He received as a result
of his benefactions abroad the free
dom of 51 cities in Great Britain
and Ireland. Altogether he endowed
3,000 municipal libraries In the
United States, ii addition to his other
numerous philanthropic enterprises.
World Has Lost Great
Man Is Schwab's Tribute
By Associated Press.
Now York, Aug. 11.—"The world
has lost a great man and a great
! benefactor to humanity," was the
comment of Charles M. Schwab,
I chairman of the. Bethlehem Steel
Corporation, when informed to-day
j at his country home at Loretta, Pa.,
j of tho death of Mr. Carnegie.
"It would be difficult for me to
: find words to express my love and
i admiration for Mr. Carnegie, my
i friend, my partner and associate for
! forty years," said Mr. Schwab.
| "Ho was the greatest man P ever
• knew and he had a heart so filled
| with tender sentiment, especially
| with reference to his associates, as
| to make him beloved, as well as ad
j mired, by all those who came into
j business or social contact with him.
I "Mr. Carnegie possessed the fac
ulty of inspiring others to unusual
! efforts ir.- a greater measure than
| any man I ever knew, and he always
won by expressions of appreciation
rather than by criticism.
"The world has lost a great man
and a great benefactor to humanity,
and I have lost a friend greater than
whom no man ever had."
Pittsburgh Lowers All
Her Flags to Half Mas! f
By Associated Press
Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 11. The
city, where Andrew Carnegie laid
Ihe foundation for his vast fortuno
In the steel business, to-day paid
tribute to the dead magnate. Im
mediately after reading the Associ
ated Press dispatch announcing Mr.
Carnegie's death, Mayor 13. V. Bab
cock ordered all flags in Pittsburgh
lowered to half mast. At the Car- *
negie Institute, the scene of one of *
his philanthropic works, plans were
made to drape toe buildings with
crepe in respect t(, the benefactor.
News of Mr. Carnegie's sudden death
at Lenox spread rapidly through tho
city At the steel mills wlii* h bear In
his name, p-epaiations were made
to suspend work, and other insti
tutions in which he was 'nterested
planned similar action.
10,000 AT PICNIC
Ten thousand persons were in at
i tendance at the annual Blain picnic
] and Perry county home-coming re- v
i union, held in Sherman's Park, near
i Plain, on Saturday. The event took
somewhat of the form of a victory
celebration. James Macßarnett, of v
New Bloomfleld, was the principal
speaker. ;•
PICNIC AT HKItSIIKY
j lltimmelstown, Aug. 11.—The an -
I nual union picnic will be held at
Herithey Park to-morrow. Special
cars will leave the square at 8.15
o'clock in the morning and leave
Hershey in the evening for Hum
melstown at 8 o'cloek.
i Use McNeil's Cold Tablets. hdv.