PRESIDENT WILSON
EXPLAINS ARMY
DRAFT MEASURE
By Associated Press
Washington, April 20.—As one step
toward meeting opposition in Con
gress Uie administration's army
plans. President Wilson yesterday sent
0 a letter to Representative Helvering,
of Kansas, explaining what is meant
by selective draft, and expressing ear
nest hope tii&t the bill drafted by the
War Department would be passed.
The letter said:
"I welcome the inquiry of your
letter of April 19, because I have
realized the truth of what you
say from my own observations,
namely, that what is meant to be
understood by the selective draft
is not generally understood
throughout the country.
"The process of the draft is, I
think, very clearly set forth in
the bill drafted by the War De
partment and which I so earnest
ly hope the Congress will adopt,
but it is worth while to state the
idea which underlies the bill a
little more fully.
"X took occasion the other day
in an address to the people of
the country to point out the
many forms of patriotic service
that were open to them and to
emphasize the fact that the mili
tary part of the service was by
no means the only part, and per
haps, all things considered, not
the most vital part. Our object
is a mobilization of all the pro
ductive and active forces of the
nation and their development to
the highest point of co-operation
and efficiency and the idea of the
selective draft is that those
should be chosen tor service in
the army who can be most read-
Amazing Power of Bon-Opio
To Make Weak Eyes Strong
Doctor Says It Strengthens
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Victims of eye' strain and other eye
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Dr. Lewis there is real hope and help for
them. Many whose eyes were foiling say
they have had their eyes restored by this
remarkable prescription and many who
once wore glasses say they have thrown
them away. One man says, after using
it: "I was almost blind. Couid not see
to read at all. Now I can read every
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the time. It was like a miracle to me."
A lady who used it says: "The atmos
phere seemed hazy with or without
glasses, but after using this prescription
for fifteen days everything seems clear
I can read even fine print without
glasses." Another who used it says: "I
was bothered with eye strain caused by
▼./erworked, tired eyes, which induced
fierce headaches. I have worn glasses for
several years, both for distance and work,
and without them I could not read my
own name on an envelope or the type
writing on the machine before me. I
can do both now and have discarded my
long distance glasses altogether. I can
count the fluttering leaves on the trees
across the street now, whieh for several
years have looked like a dim green blur
to me I cannot express my jov at what
It has done for mo.
It is believed that thousands who wear
glasses can now discard them in a reason-
I)r. Ferdinand King, a New Yoork City Physician and Medical Author says:
"There can be no strong, vigorous, Iron men nor beautiful, healthy, rosy
cheeked women without Iron—N'uxated Iron taken three times per day after
meals will increase the strength and endurance of weak, nervous, run-down
folks 100 per cent. In two weeks' time in many instances. Avoid the old forms
of metallic iron which may injure the teeth, corrode the stomach, and thereby
do more harm than good. Take only organic iron—Xuxatcd Iron.'' It is dis
pensed In this city by Croll Keller, G. A. Gorgas, J. Nelson Clark and all good
druggists.
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FKRDAR EVENING,
ily spared from the prosecution of
the other activities which the
country must engage in and to
which it must devote a great deal
of its best energy and capacity.
"The volunteer system does not
do this. When men choose them
• selves they sometimes choose
without due regard to their other
responsibilities. Men may come
from the farms or from the
mines or from the factories or
centers of business who ought not
to come, but ought to stand back
of the armies in the field and see
that they get everything that
they need and that the people of
the country are sustained in the
meantime.
"The principle of the selective
draft, in short, has at its heart
this idea, that there is a universal
obligation to serve and that a
public authority should choose
those upon whom the obligation
of military service shall rest, and
also in a sense choose those who
shall do the rest of the nation's
■work. The bill, if adopted, will
do more, I believe, than any
other single instrumentality to
create the Impression of universal
military service in the army and
out of it, and if properly adminis
tered will be a great source of
stimulation.
"Those who feel that we are
turning away altogether from the
voluntary principle seem to for
get that some 600,000 men will
be needed to fill the ranks of the
regular army and the National
Guard and that a very great field
of individual - enthusiasm lies
there wide open."
able time and multitudes more will be
able ti> strengthen their eyes so as to be
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getting glasses. Eye troubles of many
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Go to any active drug store and get a
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a little it is your duty to take steps to
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Many hopelessly blind might have saved
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eyes in time.
Note: Another prominent Physician to whom
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the Bon-Opto prescription is truly a wonderful
eye remedy. Its constituent ingredients are well
known to eminent eye specialists and widely
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almost every family." Bon-Opto. referred to
above, is not a patent medicine or a secret
remedy. It is an ethical preparation, the for
mula being printed on the package. The man
ufacturers guarantee it to strengthen eyesight
50 percent in one week's time in many instances
or refund the money. It can be obtained from
any good druggist and is sold in this city by
GRANT'S GRANDSON
IS IN THE WAR
Algernon Sartoris Is With
Foreign Legion Fighting
For France
New York, April 20. —"At last X am
able to be proud thatl am an Ameri
can citizen and a daughter of France
at the same time! And I am proud,
too, that my husband, the grandson
of General Grant, is serving as a pri
vate in the Foreign Legion of
France."
Mrs. Algeron Sartoris, daughter of
France and adopted daughter of the
United States since she became the
wife of Captain Algeron Sartoris,
grandson of the eighteenth President
of the United States, made this decla
ration at the Ritz-Carlton hotel, where
she has been staying since her arrival
In New York with her friend, Coun
tess Regis, to raise afund for the re
storation of the historic buildings of
her native land.
"America's entrance into the war Is
one of the brightest days In the history
of my country," continued Mrs. Sar
toris. "Before I came to America I
had to make many explanations to
my French friends as to why America
did not espouse the cause of th ellies.
After the Lusitania they said: 'What
next?' and I who lost eleven friends
on the Lusitania answered: 'lt will be
soon.' Then the Falaba came. Then
the others: my friends would shrug
their shoulders and say, 'What of
your America now'." and I would an
swer, 'Wait you will see.' And now in
this magnificent way President Wilson
has answered all his critics and has
given France new cause and justifica
tion for the love which it hasalways
feltfor America.
"For France really loves America.
We understand America as we will
never understand the English. The
English are our allies —noble, splen
did—and it is quite true that the
hardest lesson the English troops had
to learn was to retreat. But France
and America have the bond of people
who feel the same things In the same
way. It is a comradeship of emo
tion."
Himb;itul \s I'rivnlo
At this point Mrs. Sartoris showed
me a postal card photograph of her
husband, Captain Algernon Sartoris, in
the uniform of a French private.
Captain Sartoris won that ranking
in thewa with Spain, when he sedved
on General Fitzhugh Lee's staff.
"Captain Sartoris wanted to serve
in England," explained the French
granddaughter-in-law of General
Grant, "but the English will not take
anyone who will not swear allegiance
to Great Britain and giveup citizen
ship in his own country—that is, they
will accept Americans only for avia
tion and for ambulance service. That
is'why my husband enlisted as a pri
vate in the Foreign Legion. There he
swore allegiance to France for the
duration of the war, but did not for
feit his American citizenship. Our
10-year-old son wants to go to Anna
polis and Is already a great strategist.
He knows al the names of the French,
British and German generals, the size
of thecontending fleets, and from time
to time he has said to me. 'Why don't
WE Americans go in and lick them,
mother?' "
"You have spoken of the French at
titude toward American entrance in
the war. What is the French attitude
toward peace?" I asked.
No Peace Till Victory
"There can be no peace—until peace
is possible—that is, there can be no
peace without victory," Mrs. Sartoris
answered. "France does not demand
impossible terms, but it has lost mil
lions of its bravest and best. France
was attacked without warning, aqd if
the Belgians had not made their rhag
niflcent resistance it is almost sure the
Germans would have gotten to Paris.
Never was a nation so unprepared.
Why, the day beforewar was declared
I was playing tennis in Brittany with
a French officer, who said to me, "They
say we shall have war, but it Is non
sense." The next afternoon mobiliza
tion orders were posted in the village.
Generally, you know a discount of 20
per cent, of men who do notrespond to
the mobilization order, is antciipated.
But in France no one man failed to
answer.
"I came to America," Mrs. Sartoris
continued, "to interest my fellow
Americans in a fund to restore the
historic buildings In France after the
war. Some of these buildings, of
course, will not be restored. It is
planned to leave the great ruins of
Reims Cathedral exactly as it is, ex
cept that it will be propped up. and
to place underneath themiraculourfly
preserved statue of the Virgin a sign,
'This way the Germans passed.'
"I think it would be a splendid
thing if France could owe to America
the restoration of its cathedrals and
public buildings." Mrs. Sartoris was a
war nurse before she came to this
country on her mission.—By Nixon
Greeley Smith in the New York Even
ing World.
Rhodes Scholars Get Leaves
to Aid Red Cross Work
Oxford, England, April 20.—Ob
serving that "the war has continued
throughout the academic year to in
terfere with the normal operation of
the scholarship system," a statement
of the Rhodes Trust just issued says
that leaves of absence have been
granted for periods of three months,
six months or a year to eighten Ameri
can Rhodes scholars "who wished to
take part in the work of the Red Cross
Society and Young Men's Christian
Association." A number took similar
work for a month or six weeks in the
vacations. Seventy-six Americans
and eighten colonials have been at
Oxford for the whole or a part of the
of the past year.
The trust announces Its Intention of
distributing the recently cancelled
German scholarships "among com
munities within the British empire
not provided for under Mr. Rhodes'
will."
Don Jamie's Pro-German
Ardor Considerably Cooled
Madrid, Spain, April 20.—Don
Jaime, of Bourbon, who has been re
peatedly classed among the Spanish
partisans of the German cause, is
said now by his _ former secretary,
Don Francisco Melgar, to entertain
quite opposite sentiments. Senor Mel
gar declared recently that coldness
prevailed between Emperor William
and Don Jaime, despite the statements
to the contrary by the so-called Car
list papers that are Germanophlle.
In a letter to Senor Melgar, Don
Jaime says: "You know that tho kind
of friendship shown me In Berlin on
the occasion of my last trip there
consisted in having me arrested and
in behaving with incredible rudeness
tojward me."
SWEEDS RIDE SECON DCLASS
Stockholm, April 20.—First class
coaches are no longer carried by the
Swedish trains. While they were
profitable from a financial standpoint,
their abolition makes posnlbel a re
duction of the number of cars drawn
by each locomotive and helps husbund
Sweden's dwindling stock of coal.
HAB RISBURG SSS&I TELEGRXPK
Australia Does Rushing
Business Selling Europe
Jack Rabbits For Meat
Melbourne, Australia, April 20. —
Rabbit-trapping and exportation of re
frigerated rabbits has experienced a
boom as a result of the war. Hereto
fore the rabbits have been a curse to
Australia and millions of pounds sterl
ing have been expended in an effort
to eradicate them.
Lately, however, the commonwealth
authorities have been taking an ac
tive interest in rabbits for consump
tion both in Australia and abroad. The
view that the rabbit is a pest which
should be extirpated is not being en
couraged. Steps have been taken by
the government to have the poisoning
of the animals suspended, and trap
pers are being urged to maintain the
output for consumption.
Undoubtedly this policy is a. result
of the war strain upon food supplies
in Great Britain and among the other
Entente allies. A month or two ago
the British government notified the
Commonwealth government that it
had decided to buy the whole of the
surplus of Australian refrigerated rab
bits for the season of 1917. The trans
action will involve about $2,500,000.
Last season Australia exported 10,-
296,000 panrs of rabbits, showing the
extent of the supply which Great
Britain has contracted to take.
Drinking Not Encouraged
in the British Armies
London, April 20. —In reply to an
appeal from temperance societies that
"teetotalers serving in the army should
not be given orders which involve the
breaking of their pledge," Arthur
Henderson, labor member of the war
cabinet, sent a statement on behalf
of the cabinet, saying:
"As regards the army, both from
what I have seen and what I have
heard, I am satisfied that the stand
ard of sobriety and good conduct
among the men generally is higher
than It has ever been before, and
compares favorably with that pre
vailing among the civil population.
There is no reason to fear that a
young man of good principles and
careful training will be exposed to
special temptations as a soldier, or
that he will find himself unsupported
in standing to his convitions."
ENGLISH SMOKE MUCH
London, April 21. —Despite the gov
ernment's restrictions against tobac
co importations, last year showed a
heavy Increase in the amount con
sumed in Great Britain. A total of
48,600,000 pounds sterling was spent
last year for 130,700,000 pounds of
tobacco, as against 40,000,00 pounds
sterling on 126,000,000 pounds the
previous year. England's tobacco ex
penditure per heard for the year was
$5.25,
BRITISH NAVY SOBER
London, April 20.—Statistics gath
ered by the admiralty show that there
are 47.000 total abstainers in the Brit
ish navy.
How America Will
Recruit Her Army
Raising- arnyes is more difficult, as well as more important, than raising flags, and one of the chief
difficulties in the United States is the feeling against conscription.
"There is enough patriotism in this country to get a volunteer army, and until that is demon
strated untrue we should not resort to conscription," declares Senator Thomas of Colorado, while
Senators Stone of Missouri, and Gallinger of New Hampshire are among those who think the re
cruiting problem can be best solved by increasing the soldiers' pay. Among Southern congressmen
also, we find opposition to universal service on the ground that it would be inadvisable to give thou
sands of negroes training in the use of arms. Samuel Gompers is also reported to be against conscrip
tion.
On the other hand, a recent canvass of 476 newspapers by the National Security League revealed
270 of thenrin favor of universal military training, 49 opposed to it, and 157 non-committal.
The Milwaukee Sentinel may be said to reflect the consensus of argument in favor of obligatory
military training: "Under the voluntary system in time of war, the serviceable manhood of the na
tion is divided into two parts. There are the patriotic young men who volunteer to go to the front
and, if need be, die in order that the nation may live; and there are the slackers who are perfectly will
ing to sacrifice the other fellows on the altar of patriotism. That is not a democratic arrangement.
A Democracy which offers equality of opportunity, has a right to exact in return equality of service."
Read THE LITERARY DIGEST for April 21st in order to get every view-point upon the great
est problem that is now confronting the Government.
Among other articles in this number that are of unusual public interest are:
Who Will Foot the War-Bill
The Various Plans For Raising the Vast Sums Required and How They Affect the Individual Pocket
book.
Casting Bread Across the Waters German Plots Among Negroes
Britain's Achievement at Arre- Forming the All-American War-Group
Moral Climax of the War Germany Annoyed With President Wilson
Ireland's Evil Genius Saving the Soldiers From Wound-Infection
Passing of the Auto-Gear Patent Medicine Poetry
Concrete Ships Albert Ryder—A Poet's Painter
D'Annunzio Salutes Us What Shell-Fire Has Done to Reims
Can Billy Sunday Win New York? The Unseemliness of Funerals
Striking Illustrations, Including Humorous Cartoons
"The Digest" Policy in War and Peace
The entry of this- nation into the war will have no interest of our country, THE DIGEST will continue to
effect upon the general policy of THE LITERARY print the news, from whatever point it may come, holding
DIGEST to give all the news from all sides. Every loyal it to be the desire of every true patriot to know the exact
American and Canadian will be anxious to know what situation. To crystalize the viewpoint of the day in all
the enemy is saying and doing, to understand his view- lands, including our own, and to present it as accurately
point, and to form as clear a idea as possible of the trend as possible to the reader, is the aim, now as ever, of this
of public feeling among the nations arrayed against us. foremost of news-magazines. Read it and judge the re-
To the extent, then, that this is compatible with the suit for yourself.
April 21st Number on Sale To-day—All News Dealers—lo Cents
"VTT7 , T7'C r\r A T T7T> C 1 ma y obtain copies of "The Literary Digest"
rNIL W DIRECT by applying to the Publishers
Til The B"X • i m
f Distinction to 1 j TT/MCllKif 7 B |fA^\C\T
lllcra L/KpSl
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY (Publisher of the Famous NEW Standard Dictionary), NEW YORK
WAR JUSTICE IS
. NOT OVER HARSH
i
Court-Martial Sentences Nearly
Always Suspended in the
French Army
By Associated Press
Paris, April 20.—Two-thirds of the
court-martial cases at the war front
and immediately behind the front
have developed from either drunken
ness or fear, sometimes from both,
according to Monsieur Kene de Plan
hol, who has had more than two
years' experience as counsel for the
defense in such cases. Drum-head
court martials, with summary execu
tions of spices and deserters, have
been far less frequent than might be
imagined. Not only have sentences to
death been infrequent, but. extraordi
nary as it appears, the verdicts of jus
tice at the front are seldom executed.
Thegeneral in command of the sec
tor has the power of suspending all
court-martial sentences until the end
of the -war, and he exercises that pre
rogative nearly always, even in cases
of second offenses. The only penalties
immediately applied are those of
death and punishment that involves
military degradation. Even in these
cases the condemned man usually begs
to be sent back to the battle line and
his request is sometimes accorded aft
er a certain lapse of time.
Sentences to prison and hard labor
are few. It is considered absurd to
lodge in prison rugged soldiers whose
misdeeds would thus have the effect
of relieving them from fighting while
well behaved soldiers are risking their
lives. That is why military jurisdic
tion at the front has become essential
ly a jurisdiction of honor.
More Latitude Given
The changed conditions of warfare
have developed situations to which old
martial laws are not adaptable. A
much disputed point is: When has an
infraction of discipline or a crime
been committed "in the presence of
the enemy," an aggravating circum
stance under military jurisprudence.
In trench warfare the old definitions
of "presence of the enemy" have be
come obsolete; great latitude is now
given for leniency on this point and
it is exercised in all but the most
flagrant cases.
Under the old martial laws the sus
pension of sentences for first offenses
was not obligatory but was simply a
matter of discretion on the part of
the general commanding. Amend
ments passed by Parliament in the
course of the present war make such
extensions of sentence obligatory for
all cases excepting those of capital
offense.
Drunkenness, the most frequent of
all infractions of law and discipline,
is punished by imprisonment from two
months upward.
A frequent and effective means of
defense invoked by counsel for ac
cused soldiers is the citation for gal
lant conduct on the battlefield. It
APRIL 20, 1917
often happens that a soldier refractory
to army discipline is a great fighter
an, between court-martials, accumu
lates honors and decorations that it Is
difficult to ignore.
"Nerve Wear"
One of the most obstinate drinkers
and most insolent men of his regiment
when under the influence of liquor,
went back to the front b'* favor ot a
suspended sentence and won the sig
nal honor of an individual citation in
an engagement in which his regiment
was collectively cited. He appeared
before the court-martial with a new
bar on his war cross ribbon and his
judges couldn't refuse his request for
"another chance at the Germans."
Cases of desertion with downright
fear as the cause are not uncommon,
and Monsieur de Planhol concludes
that very few soldiers are totally ex
empt from fear. Men who have fought
bravely in numerous actions, he says,
finally give way to what he calls
"never wear;" their moral courage is
no longer sufficient to overcome physi
cal fear and they run away from dan
ger. Their number, though, is small
In comparison with those who forget
"TIZ" FOR FEET'
No More Sore, Tired, Tender Feet; No Puffed-up,
Calloused Feet or Painful Corns-Try "Tiz"
Why go limping around with ach
ing, pufted-up feet—feet so tired,
chafed, sore and swollen you can
hardly get your shoes on or off? Why
don't you get a 25-cent box of "Tiz"
from the drug store now and gladden
your tortured feet?
"Tiz" makes your feet glow with
comfort; takes down swellings and
their duty In the stpefactlon of ex
cessive drinking. Even these, con.
sldering the millions of men mobilized,
are so small a percentage as to coji*
stltute no reflection on the army as
a whole.
Anyone, from a private to a colonel,
may act as a defender of the court
martlaled soldier. Civilians also ars
allowed to represent them and somo
eminent French lawyers, such as
Maltro Demange who was the chief
counsel for Captain Dreyfus, Maitra
Michel Pelletier, and Maitre Henri
Gerand have acted as counsel for thtf
defense of soldiers at the front.
GOVERNMENT BUYS THE BEST*
Chicago, April 20. One milllo
pounds of bacon at 35 cents a poun<£
has been purchased here by the
ernnieDt in the last few days. This is
the highest grade of bacon. Among
packers it was said that a modification
of Government specifications as trf
bacon would make for economy.
Ned sausage and canned cornbeef als(>
has been bought in considerable
quantities.
draws the soreness and misery right
out of feet that chafe, smart and
burn. "Tiz" instantly stops pain in
corns, callouses and bunions. "Tiz" is
glorious for tired, aching, sore feet.
No more shoe tightness—no more
foot torture.
Ask for "Tiz." Get only "Tiz." —
Adv.
9