NOTE INDICATES THAT THE U. S. HAS APPROACHED END OF ITS PATIENCE, BUT WILL ENTER WAR ONLY FOR DEFENSE
Gravest Consequences
Will Result if Carranza
Carries Out His Threat
[Continued From First Page]
The text of the note says:
"The Secretary of State to the Secre
tary of Foreign Relations of the de
facto government of Mexico:
"DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
••WASHINGTON, June 20. 1916.
"Sir: I have read your communi
cation which was delivered to me on
May 22. 1916, under Instructions of
the Chief Executive of the de facto
government of Mexico, on the subject
of the presence of American troops
in Mexican territory, and I would be
wanting in candor If I did not, before
making answer to the allegations of
fact and the conclusions reached by
your government, express the surprise
and regret which have been caused
this government by the discourteous
tone and temper of this last communi
cation of the de facto government of
Mexico.
Continuous Bloodshed
"The government of the United
States has viewed with deep concern
and increasing disappointment the
progress of the revolution in Mexico.
Continuous bloodshed and disorders
have marked its progress. For three
years the Mexican republic has been
torn with civil strife; the lives of
Americans and other aliens have been
sacrificed; vast properties developed
by American capital and enterprise
have been destroyed or rendered non
productive: bandits have been permit
ted to roam at will through the terri
tory contiguous to the United States
and to seize, without punishment or
without effective attempt at punish
ment, the property of Americans,
while the lives of citizens of the
United States who ventured to remain
In Mexican territory or to return there
to protect their interests have been
taken, in some cases barbarously
taken, and the murderers have neither
been apprehended nor brought to Jus
tice. It would be difficult to find in
the annals of the history of Mexico
conditions more deplorable than those
which have existed there during these
recent years of civil war.
Atrocity After Atrocity
"lt would be tedious to recount in
stance after instance, outrage after
outrage, atrocity after atrocity, to il
lustrate the true nature and extent of
the widespread conditions of lawless
ness and violence which have pre
vailed. During the past nine months
in particular the frontier of the
United States along the lower Rio
Grande has been thrown Into a state
of constant apprehension and turmoil !
because of frequent and sudden in- !
cursions into American territory and
depredations and murders on Ameri
can soil hy Mexican bandits, who have 1
take the lives and destroyed the prop- ]
erty of American citizens, sometimes
carrying American citizens across the
inlernational boundary with the booty
seized. American garrisons have I
been attacked at night, American sol- j
niers killed and their equipment and
horses stoien, American ranches have
been raided, property stolen and de- !
stroyed and American trains were
wrecked and plundered. The attacks
on Brownsville, Red House Ferry, !
Progreso Post Office and Las Paladas
all occurring during September past
are typical.
Acts Reprehensible
"In these attacks on American ter
ritory, Carranzista adherents and even i
Carranzista soldiers took part in the i
looting, burning and killing. Not onlv !
were these murders characterized by
brutality, but uncivilized acts 1
of mutilation were perpetrated. Rep- i
resentations were made to General j
< arranza and he was emphatically re
quested to stop these reprehensible I
acts in a section which he has long
claimed to be under the complete
domination of his authority. Notwith
standing these representations and the
promise of General Nafarrete to pre
vent attacks along the international
boundary, in the following month of
October a passenger train was I
wrecked by bandits and several per
sons killed seven miles north of|
Brownsville and an attack was made 1
upon United States troops at the !
same place several days later.
llaiidits Enjoy Impunity
•Since these attacks, leaders of the I
bandits well known both to Mexican
civil and military authorities as well 1
as to American officers have been en- ,
joyin : with impunity the liberty of the
towns of northern Mexico. So'far has
the Indifference of the de facto gov- I
ernment to these atrocities gone that I
some of these leaders, as I am ad- '
vised, have received not only the pro- !
tection of that government, but en- !
couragement and aid as well.
Innumerable Depredations
"Depredations upon American per
sons and property within Mexican
jurisdiction have been still more mi
merous. This government has repeat- j
edly requested in the strongest terms
that the de facto government safe- I
guard the lives and homes of Ameri- I
can citizens and furnish the protec- i
tion which international obligation im
poses to American interests in the
northern states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo !
Leone, Coahuila, Chihuahua and So
nora and also in the states to the
south. For example, on January 3 |
troops were requested to punish the
band of outlaws which looted the Cusi 1
mining property, eighty miles west of
Chihuahua, but no effective results
came from this request. During the
following week the bandit Villa with
his band of about 200 men was op
erating without opposition between
Rubio and Santa Ysabel, a fact well
known to Carranzista authorities.
Cites Great Massacre
"Meanwhile a party of unfortunate
Americans started by train from Chi
huahua to visit the Cusi mines, after
having received assurances from the
Oarranzista authorities in the state of
Chihuahua that the country was safe
and that a guard on the train was not
necessary. The Americans held pass
ports or safe conducts issued by au
thorities of the de facto government.
On January 10 the train was stopped
by Villa bandits and eighteen of the
American party were stripped of their
clothing and shot in cold blood in what
is now known as the 'Santa Ysabel
massacre.'
"General Carranza stated to the
agent of the Department of State that
lie had Issued orders for thp imme
diate pursuit, capture and punishment
of those responsible for this atrocious
crime and appealed to this government
and to the American people to con
sider the difficulties of according pro
tection along the railroad where the
» massacre occurred. Assurances were
also given by Mr. Arredondo, pre
sumably under instructions from the
de facto government that the mur
derers would be brought to Justice and
that steps would also be taken to
remedy the lawless conditions existing
In the state of Durango.
Only One Punished
"It Is true that Villa. Gastro and
Lopez were publicly declared to be
outlaws and subject to apprehension
and execution, but so far as known
only a single man personally connected
with this massacre has been brought
to justice by Mexican authorities.
Within a month after this barbarous
slaughter of Inoffensive Americans it
was notorious that Villa was operating
within twenty miles of Cuslhuiriachlc
and publicly stated that his purpose
TUESDAY EVENING,
was to destroy American lives and
property. Despite repeated and Insist
ent demands that military protection
should be furnished to Americans,
Villa openly carried on his operations,
constantly approaching closer and
closer to the border. He was not in
tercepted nor were hi? movements Im
peded by troops of the de facto gov
ernment and no effectual attempt
made to frustrate his hostile designs
against Americans. In fact, as I am In
formed, while Villa and his band were
slowly moving toward the American
frontier in the neighborhood of Co
lumlius. N. M., not a single Mexican
soldier was seen In his vicinity. Yet
the Mexican authorities were fully
cognizant of his movements, for on
March «, as General Gavira publicly
announced, he advised the American
military authorities of the outlaw's
approach to the border so that they
might be prepared to prevent him
from crossing the boundary.
No Kffort to Get Ailla
"Villa's unhindered activities cul
minated In the unprovoked and cold
blooded attack upon American soldiers
and citizens in the town of Columbus
on the night of March 9. the details
of which do not need repetition here
in order to refresh yuur memory with
the helnousness of the crime. After
murdering, burning and plundering.
Villa and his bandits, fleeing south,
passed within sight of the Carranza
military post at Ca. c as Grandes and no
effort was made to stop him by the
officers and garrison of the de facto
government stationed there.
Had Xo Other Recourse
"In the face of these depredations
not only on American lives and prop
ertv on Mexican soil but on American
soldiers, citizens and homes on Amer
ican territory, the perpetrators of
which General Carranza was unable
or possibly considered it inadvisable
to apprehend and punish, the United
States had no recourse other than to
employ force to disperse the bands
of Mexican outlaws who were with in
creasing boldness systematically raid
ing across the international boundary.
The marauders engaged in the attack
on Columbus were driven back across
the border by American cavalry, and
subsequently soon as a sufficient
fore» to Co'. ■ -f 'i the band could be
collected, v irsued into Mexico in
an effort t- "re or destroy them.
Without Cf lon or assistance In
the fleld o" »art of the de facto
government. Lite repeated requests
by the Unit'o Slates. and without ap
parent recognition on its part of the
desirability of putting an end to these
systematic raids, or of punishing the
chief perpetrators of the crimes com
mitted, because they menaced the
good relations Of the two countries.
American forces pursued the lawless
bands us far as Parral, where the
pursuit was halted by the hostility of
Mexicans, presumed to be loyal to the
de facto government, who arrayed
themselves on the side of outlawry
and became in effect the protectors of
Villa and his band.
Carranza Placed limitations
"In this manner and for these rea
sons have the American forces en
tered Mexican territory. Knowing
fully the circumstances set forth, the
de facto government cannot be blind
to the necessity which compelled this
government to act and yet it has seen
fit to recite groundless sentiments of
hostility toward the expedition and to
impute to this government ulterior
motives for the continued presence of
American troops on Mexican soil. It
is charged that these troops crossed
the frontier without first obtaining
the consent or permission of the de
facto government. Obviously, an Im
mediate action alone could avail,
there was no opportunity to reach an
agreement (other than that of March
10-13 now repudiated by General
Carranza) prior to the entrance of
such an expedition into Mexico if the
expedition was to be effective. Sub
sequent events and correspondence
have demonstrated to the satisfaction
of this government that General Car
ranza would not have entered into
any agreement providing for an ef
fective plan for the capture and de
struction of the Villa bands. While
the American troops were moving
rapidly southward in pursuit of the
raiders, It was the form and nature
of the agreement that occupied the
attention of General Carranza rather
than the practical object which it was
to attain—the number of limitations
that could be imposed upon the
American forces to impede their prog
ress rather than the obstacles that
could be raised to prevent the escape
of the outlaws."
Had Not Agreed to Quit
"It was Genera! Carranza who sus
pended through your note of April 12
all discussions and negotiations for
an agreement along the lines of the
protocols between the United States
and Mexico concluded during the
period 1882-lS9fi, under which the
two countries had so successfully re
stored peaceful conditions on their
common boundary. It may be men
tioned here that, notwithstanding the
statement in your note that "the
American government gave no answer
to the note of the 12tli of April," this
note was replied to on April 14th,
when the department instructed Mr.
Rodgers by telegraph to deliver this
government's answer to General Car
ranza. Shortly after this reply the
conferences between Generals Scott.
Funston and Obregon began at Ei
Paso, during which they signed on
May 2 a project of a memorandum ad
referendum regarding the withdrawal
of American troops as an indication
of the alleged bad faith of the Amer
ican government, you state that
though General Scott declared in this
memorandum that the destruction and
dispersion of the Villa band "had
been accomplished." yet American
forces are not withdrawn from Mex
ico. It Is only necessary to read the
memorandum, which is in the English
language, to ascertain that this is
clearly a misstatement, for the memo
randum states that "the American
punitive expeditionary forces have de
stroyed or dispersed many of the law
less elements and bandits, • • •
or have driven them far Into the in
terior of the republic of Mexico," and
further that the United States forces
were then "carrying on a vigorous
pursuit of such small numbers of
bandits or lawless elements as may
have escaped." The context of your
note gives the impression that the ob
ject of the expedition being admittedly
accomplished, the United States had
agreed in the memorandum to begin
the withdrawal of its troops.
Gradually Withdrawn
"The memorandum shows, however,
that it was not alone on account of
partial disposition of the bandits that
it was decided to begin the withdrawal
of American forces, hut equally on
account of the assurances of the Mexi
can government that their forces were
'at the present time being augmented
and strengthened to such an extent
that they will be able to prevent any
disorders occurring in Mexico that
would in any way endanger American
territory,' and that they would 'con
tinue to diligently pursue, capture or
destroy any lawless bands of bandits
that may still exist or hereafter exist
in the northern part of Mexico,' and
, that it would 'make a proper distri-
NATIONAL GUARD MOBILIZED FOR BORDER DEFENSE
I ' ' 1111 I B
■N.V. .NATIONAL GUARD MACHINE GUN- ttAJ-<3£N. <JOHN F.OiRaTAN'
The National Guards of all the States are now mobilizing for the defense of the Mexican border in the latest
crisis with Mexico, to relieve the regulars, who may be sent over the boundary line.
, The accompanying picture shows one of the motorcycle machine guns, of the New York National Guard, and
' Major-General John F. O'Ryan, commander of the New York State troops, who is in charge of the mobilization.
bution of such of Its forces as may
be necessary to prevent the possibility I
of invasion of American territory from j
Mexico.' It was because of these as- I
surances and because of General j
Scott's confidence that they would be j
carried out that he stated in the j
memorandum that the American;
forces would be 'gradually withdrawn.' j
It is to be noted, that while the Amer- J
ican government was willing to ratify !
this agreement General Carranza re- j
fused to do so, as General Obregon j
stated, because, among other things, i
it imposed improper conditions upon j
the Mexican government.
Have Made No Pursuit
"Notwithstanding the assurances in 1
the memorandum, it is well known
that the forces of the de facto govern- j
ment have not carried on a vigorous
pursuit of the remaining bandits and
that no proper distribution of forces j
jto prevent the invasion of American
territory has been made as will be j
shown by the further facts hereinafter I
set forth. lam reluctant to be forced |
to the conclusion which might be
drawn from these circumstances that i
the de facto .government, in spite of
the crimes committed and the sinister
designs of Villa and his follows, did
not and does not now intend or desire
that these outlaws should be captured,
destroyed or dispersed by American
troops or at the request of this gov
ernment, by Mexican troops.
Attacked During Conference
"While the conferences at El Paso j
were in progress, and after the Ameri- ,
can conferees had been assured on I
May 2 that the Mexican forces In thej
northern part of the. republic were|
then being augmented so as to be able
to prevent any disorders that would
endanger American Territory by bands;
of Mexicans, on the night of May 5, j
made an attack at Glenn Springs,;
Texas, about 20 miles north of the
border, killing American soldiers and
civilians, burning and sacking prop- i
erty and carrying off two Americans as
prisoners. Subsequent to this event
the Mexican government, as you state, j
'gave instructions to General Obregon j
to notify that of the United States J
that it would not permit the further j
passage of American troops into Mex- ;
ico on this account and that orders i
had been given to all military com
manders along the frontier not to:
consent to same."
"This government is of course not in a j
position to dispute the statement that
these instructions had been given to I
General Obregon, but it can decisively;
assert that General Obregon never
gave any such notification to General |
Scott or General Funston or, so far as;
known to any other American official, j
General Obregon did, however, inquire j
as to whether American troops had j
entered Mexico in pursuit of the Glenn
Springs raiders, and General Funston
stated that no orders had been issued
to American troops to cross the fron
tier on account of the raid, but this
statement was made before any such
orders had been issued, and not af
terwards, as the erroneous account of
the interview given in your note |
would appear to indicate.'
".Further discussion of the Glenn |
Springs raid, the note says, is not
necessary, 'because the American j
forces sent in pursuit of the bandits
recrossed Into Texas on the morning!
of May 22, the date of your note un-j
der consideration —a further proof of i
the singleness of purpose of this gov- j
ernment in endeavoring to quell dls- |
order and stamp out lawlessness along
the border.' » * •
IT. S. Attitude Mistaken
"I have noted the fact that your
communication is not limited to a dis- '
cussion of the deplorable conditions
existing along the border and their
important bearing on the peaceful re
lations of our governments, but that!
an effort is made'to connect It. with j
other circumstances in order to sup- ,
port if possible, a mistaken interpre
tation of the attitude of the govern- !
ment of the United States toward
i Mexico. You state In effect that the
American government has placed
| every obstacle in the way of attain
| ing the pacification of Mexico and
ithat this is shown by the volume of
diplomatic representations in behalf
of American interests which constant
ly impede efforts to reorganize the po
litical, economical and social condi
tions of the country; by the decided
aid lent at one time to Villa by Amer
ican officers and by the Department of
State; by the aid extended by the
American 'Catholic clergy to that of
Mexico; by the constant activity of the
I American press in favor of interven
tion and the interests of American
j businessmen; by the shelter and sup
ply of rebels and conspirators on
] American territory; by the detention
I of shipments of arms and munitions
j purchased by the Mexican govern
| ment, and by the detention of ma
chinery intended for their manufac
ture.
Every Possible Encouragement
In reply to this sweeping charge. I
can truthfully affirm that the Amer
ican government has given every pos-
I sible encouragement to the de facto
1 government in the pacification and
! rehabilitation of Mexico. From the
moment of its recognition it has had
; the undivided support of this govern
! ment. An embargo was placed upon
arms and ammunition going into
! Chihuahua, Sonora and Lower Cali
j fornia. in order to prevent their fa.ll
! ing into the hands of the armed op
; nor.ents of the de facto government.
[ Permission has been gran Led from
HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH
time to time, as requested, for Mex-
I lean troops and equipment to traverse
j American territory from one point to
' another in Mexico in order that the
I operations of Mexican troops against j
I Villa and his forces might be facilitat
| e<2. In view of these friendly acts, -I
jam surprised that the de facto gov-1
j ernment has construed diplomatic [
representations in regard to the un- i
! just treatment accorded American in
terests, private assistance to opponents I
| to the de facto government by sym
; pathizers in a foreign country and the !
| activity of a foreign press as inter-!
! ference by the United States govern
j ment in the domestic politics of Mex-1
ico. If a denial is needed that this
government has had ulterior and lm- i
proper motives in its diplomatic rep
\ resentations, or has countenanced the
activities of American sympathizers
and the American press opposed to
I the de facto government. I am glad
most emphatically to deny it.
"It is, however, a matter of com-
I mon knowledge that the Mexican
| press has been more active than the
press in the United States in endeavor
i irt," to inflame the two peoples against
I each other and to force the two coun
j tries into hostilities. Wifh the power
j of censorship of the Mexican press, so
| rigorously exercised by the de facto
! government, the responsibility for this
j activity cannot, it would seem, be
avoided by that government and the
itsue of the appeal of General Car-
I ranza himself in the press of March
12, calling upon the Mexican people to
be prepared for any emergency which
j might arise and Intimating that war
: with the United States was imminent,
evidences the attitude of the de facto
j government towards these publica
tions. It should not be a matter of
surprise that, after such manifesta
; tions of hostile feeling the United
I Slates was doubtful of the purpose for
i which the large amount of ammuni
tion was to be used which the de facto
government appeared eager to im
i port from this country. Moreover, the
policy of the de facto government In
refusing to co-operate and in failing
to act independently in destroying the
! Villa bandits and in otherwise sup
pressing outlawry in the vicinity, of
| the border so as to remove the danger
! of war materials, while passing south
j ward through this zone, falling Into
t the hands of the enemies of law and
! order is, in the opinion of this govern
! ment, a sufficient ground, even if there
i were no other for the refusal to allow
! such materials to cross the boundary
j into the bandit-infested region. To
have permitted these shipments with
| out careful scrutiny would, in the cir
| cumstances. have been to manifest a
1 sense of security which would have
I been unjustified.
Hostility Unconcealed
"Candor compeis me to add that the
unconcealed hostility of the subordi
nate military commanders of the de
facto government toward the Ameri
can troops engaged in pursuing the
Villa bands and the efforts of the
de facto government to compel their
withdrawal from Mexican territory by
threats and show of military force in
stead of by aiding in'the capture of
! the outlaws constitute a menace to the
j safety of the American troops and to
! the peace of the border. As long as
| this menace continues and there is any
! evidence of an intention on the part of
| the de facto government or its military
! commanders to use force against the
| American troops Instead of co
operating with them, the government
' of the United States will not permit
: munitions of war or machinery for
| their manufacture to be exported from
j this country to Mexico.
Arrest Conspirators
"As to the shelter and supply of
! rebels and conspirators on American
j territory, I can state that vigorous
efforts have been and are being made
by the agents of the United States to
! apprehend and bring to justice all per
sons found to be conspiring to violate
' the laws of the United States by or
! ganizing to oppose with arms the de
facto government of Mexico. Political
j refugees have undoubtedly sought asy
lum in the United States, but this gov
ernment has vigilantly kept them
! under surveillance and has not hesi
tated to apprehend them upon proof
of their criminal intentions, as the
arrest of General Huerta and others
fully attests.
"Having corrected the erronepus
| statements of fact to which I have
; adverted, the real situation . stands
I forth in its true light. It is admitted
i that American troops have crossed the
| international boundary in hot pursuit
! of the Columbus raiders and without
I notice to or the consent of your gov
! ernment, but the several protestations
on the part of this department
i and other American authorities that
: the object of the expedition was
!to capture, destroy or completely
disperse the Villa bands of out
laws or to ' turn this duty over to
the Mexican authorities when assured
i that It will be effectively fulfilled have
! been carried out in perfect good faith
|by the United States. Its efforts, how
i ever, have been obstructed at every
i point: first, by insistence on a palpably
; useless agreement which you admit
was either not to arply to the present
1 expedition or was to contain imprae
l ticable restrictions on its organization
s and operation: then by actual oppo
sition, encouraged and fostered by the
: de facto government, to the further
advance of the expedition into Villa
i territory, which was followed by the
I sudden suspension of all negotiations
for an arrangement for the pursuit of
j Villa and his followers and the protec
-1 tion of the frontier, and finally by a
> j demand lor the immediate withdrawal
of the American troops. Meantime,
conditions of anarchy in the border
states of Mexico were continually
growing worse.
Unreasonable Demand
In view of this increasing menace,
of the inactivity of the Carranza forces,
of the lack of co-operation In the ap
prehension of the Villa bands and of
the known encouragement and aid
given to bandit leaders, it is unreason
able to expect the United States to
withdraw its forces from Mexican ter
ritory or to prevent tneir entry again
when their presence is the only check
upon further bandit outrages und the
only efficient means of protecting
American lives and homes—safeguards
which General Carrunza, though inter
nationally obligated to supply, is mani
festly unable or unwilling to give.
"In view of the actual state of af
fairs as I have outlined it above, I am
now in a position to consider the con
clusions which you have drawn in
your note under acknowledgment from
the erroneous statements of fact which
you have set forth.
Intimates Distrustful Attitude
"Your government intimates, if does
not openly charge, that the attitude
of the United Stales is one of in
sincerity, distrust and suspicion to
ward the de facto government of Mex
ico and that the intention of the U. S.
is to extend its sovereignty over
Mexican territory, and not merely for
the purpose of pursuing marauders
and preventing future raids across the
border. The de facto government
charges by implication which admits
of but one interpretation, that this
government has as its object territorial
aggrandizement even at the expense
of a war of aggression against a
neighbor weakened by years of civil
strife. The government of the United
States, if it had had designs upon the
territory of Mexico would have had no
difficulty in finding during this period
of revolution and disorder many
plausible arguments for intervention
in Mexican affairs. Hoping, however,
that the people of Mexico would
through their own efforts restore
peace and establish an orderly gov
ernment, trie United States has await
ed with patience the consummation of
the revolution.
Imputations Not Justified
"In the face of constantly renewed
evidences of the patience and restraint
of this government In circumstances
which only a government imbued with
unselfishness and a sincere desire to
respect to the full the sovereign rights
and national dignity of the Mexican
people would have endured, doubts
and suspicions as to the motives of
the government of the United States
are expressed in your communication
of May 22, for which I can imagine no
purpose but to Impugn the good faith
of this government for I find it hard
to believe that such imputations are
not universally known to be without
the least shadow of Justification in
fact.
Frontier Must He Protected
"I have, of course, given considera
tion to your argument that the re
sponsibility for the present situation
rests largely upon this government.
In the first place, you state that even
the American forces along the border
whose attention is undivided by other
military operations, 'find themselves
physically unable to protect effectively
the frontier on the American side.'
Obviously, if there is no means of
reaching bands roving on Mexican
territory and making sudden dashes
at night into American territory, It is
impossible to prevent such invasions
unless the frontier Is protected by a
cordon of troops. No government
could be expected to maintain a force
of this strength along the boundary
of a nation with which it is at peace
for the purpose of resisting the on
slaughts of a few bands of lawless
men, especially when the neighboring
State makes no effort to pevent these
attacks. The most effective method
of preventing raids of this nature, as
past experience has fully demonstrated,
1B to visit punishment or destruction
on the raiders. It is precisely this
plan which the United States desires
to follow. It Is in fact protection to
American lives and property about
which the United States is solicitous
ana not the methods or ways in which
that protection shall be accomplished.
If the Mexican government is unwill
ing or unable to give this protection
by preventing its territory from being
the rendezvous and refugee of murder
err and plunderers, that does not re
lieve this Hovernment from its duty to
take all the steps necessary to safe
guard American citizens on American
soil. The United States government
cannot and will not allow bands of
lawless men to establish themselves
upon its borders with liberty to Invade
and plunder American territory with
Impunity and, when pursued, to seek
safety across the Rio Grande, relying
upon the plea of their government
thst the integrity of the soil of the
Mexican republic must not be
violated.
"The de facto government finally
argued that "if the frontier were duly
protected from incursions from Mex
ico there would be no reason for the
existing difficulty;' thus the defacto
government attempt to absolve Itself
from the first duty of any government,
namely, the protection of life and
property. This is the paramount obli
gation for which governments are In
stituted and governments neglecting
or failing to perform it are not worthy
of the name. This is the duty for
i which General Carranza, It must he
1 assumed, Initiated his revolution in
j Mexico and organised the present gov.
, eminent and lor which the United
JUNE 20, 1916.
GUARD NEARING
WAR STRENGTH
Brisk Recruiting Completing
Units; Police Hold Eager
Applicants in Line
Philadelphia, June 20. Recruiting
was proceeding rapidly to-day
throughout Pennsylvania, New Jersey
and Delaware and It was predicted by
officers in charge of the work that the
different National Guard units would
be brought up to full war strength
within a short time. Some of the or
ganizations had already been filled
and were awaiting orders to move to
the mobilization camp at Mount Gret
na on Saturday.
Governor Brumbaugh's order of
mobilization, which was received by
Brigade commanders early to-day, was
that all units must go to camp with at
least minimum peace strength and
that recruitment should continue at
the home stations under the directions
of first lieutenants.
Brigadier General Wtlliam G. Price,
Jr., commanding the First Brigade,
with headquarters In Philadelphia,
said to-day that his men would be
ready to move to Mt. Gretna Saturday
morning and that he expected his regi
ments to be recruited to their full
strength by that time. Similar reports
were received from other sections of
the State.
live Aviators Offer
Not since the days preceding the
Spanish-American war has this city
experienced such an outburst of pat
riotism. Many large corporations, de
partment stores and other business
houses announced that men in their
employ who were members of the Na
tional Guard would not lose their posi
tions while away and many of thein
said the men's salaries would go on
the same as if they were working and
they would be in line for promotion
regardless of how long they might
be absent.
Mayor Smith, in a statement said
that he would take up the matter of
paying employes of the city who join
their regiments with the law depart
ment, and if it is legal he will approve
of it. The Mayor issued a proclama
tion requesting all business establish
ments and residents of the city to dis
play American flags during the mob
ilization period. Prospects of active
service in Mexico also stimulated re
cruiting here for the regular army
and a new high record was established
yesterday in the number of applicants
for one day. All of the men accepted
will be assigned to the cavalry, it was
stated. The Pennsylvania Aero Club
offered the services of five aviators
with their machines.
Recruiting Bri.sk
Officials of the Pennsylvania, Read
ing and other railroads assured Na
tional Guard officials that trains will
be in readiness to move the troops
when the order is given.
Recruitings in Delaware was so
brisk that in "Wilmington it was neces
sary to call on the police to control the
crowds. - The State's two battalions
were quickly filled to war strength
and are in their armories awaiting or
ders to go to the State range. Officers
of the National Guard said ihey easily
could have recruited another battalion.
Major J. Warner Reed is in command.
New Jersey's contingent assembled
at Newark, Jersey City and Paterson
to-day and later were to proceed to
the camp grounds at Sea Girt.
PHYSICIANS OFFER SERVICE
Dr. John L. Good and Dr. John D.
Crist, resident physicians at the Har
risburg hospital, last night offered
their services to any medical corps of
the State militia, in letters to Gover
nor Brumbaugh. Both will have serv
ed a year at the Harrisburg hospital
on July 1.
Mobilizing N. Y. Guard
With Record Rapidity
Peekskill, N. Y., June 20. After
reading telegraph reports from all
parts of the State indicating that
mobilization of the New York Na
tional Guard is proceeding with record
rapidity. Major General John F.
O'Ryan, commanding the State militia,
left for New York to confer with
Major General Leonard Wood. He
expects to remove his headquarters to
("amp Whitman at Beekman to-mor
row or Thursday.
It was stated here to-day that the
problem of concentrating the troops
is so tremendous that physical condi
tions will make it mandatory for the
regiments to arrive at Canip Whitman
a few at a time, but that the mobiliza
tion is expected to be completed by
Monday night or Tuesday morning.
States government recognized his gov
ernment as the de facto government
of Mexico. Protection of American
lives and property, then in the United
States is first the obligation of this
government and in Mexico, is, first, the
obligation of Mexico, and second, the
obligation of the United States. In
securing this protection along the
common boundary the United States
has a right to expect the co-operation
of its neighboring republic; and yet,
instead of taking steps to check or
punish the raiders, the de facto gov
ernment demurs and objects to meas
ures taken by the United States. The
government of the United States does
not wish to believe that the de facto
government approves these marauding
attacks, yet as they continue to be
made, they show that the Mexican
government is unable to repress
them. » ♦ »
Duty Not Sought
"In conclusion, the Mexican govern
ment invites the United States to sup
port its 'assurances of friendship with
real and effective acts' which 'can be
not other than the immediate with
drawal of the American troops' for the
reasons I have herein fully set forth,
this request of the de facto govern
ment cannot now be entertained. The
United States has not sought the duty
which has been forced upon it of pur
suing bandits who under fundamental
principles of municipal and interna
tional law, ought to be pursued and
arrested and punished by Mexican au
thorities. Whenever Mexico will as
sume and effectively exercise that re
sponsibility the United States, as it
has many times before publicly de
clared, will be glad to have this obli
gation fulfilled by the de facto gov
ernment of Mexico. If on the con
trary, the de facto government is
pleased to ignore this obligation and
to believe that 'in case of a refusal to
retire these troops there is no further
recourse than to defend its territory
by an appeal to arms,' the government
of the United States should be lacking
In sincerity and friendship If it did not
frankly impress upon the de facto
government that the execution of this
threat will lead to the gravest conse
quences. While this government
would deeply regret such a result it
eannot recede from its settled de
termination to maintain its national
rights and to perform its full duty in
preventing further invasions of the
territory of the United States and in
removing the peril which Americans
along the international boundary have
borne so long with patience and fore
bearance.
".ROBERT LANSING."
PEONS FLOCKING
TO GEN. CARRANZA
Driven by Hunger They Enlist;
25,000 in Chihuahua; Muster
ing in Boys of 10
By .Associated Press
El Paso. Texas, June 20. Hunger
Is swelling the army that General
Carranza is recruiting in Northern
Mexico, in preparation for possible
hostilities with the United States, ac
cording to stories brought here to-day
by Americans arriving from the in
terior.
Peons, who for some time have been
on the verge of starvation, have been
flocking to his standard in the last few .
days, in return for promises of food
and clothing, they said. No applicants
have been rejected, according to
stories, which told of boys of ten and
twelve years of age and old men being
recruited. One of the arrivals, an
American businessman of Mexico City
estimated that there are now 25,000
Carranza troops in Chihuahua State,
of whom about 2,000 are In Chihuahua
City. Four thousand in Juarez, and
5,000 in Villa Ahumada, the North
ern Chihuahua base, which is 93 miles
south of El Paso. The remainder
practically surround the American
expeditionary command on the south,
east and west. He said also that sev
eral thousand troops, wliluh had been
at Chihuahua recently were sent to
ward San Antonio and Madera
ostensibly to he stationed along the
line of the Mexican Northwestern
Railway south of General Pershing's
command.
Ate Raw Reims
The refugees brought with them
graphic stories of economic condi
tions. One man said that he and his
fellow passengers would have starved
had not the train stopped at times
long enough to allow them to get out
ani. est raw beans from fields. An
other said he had vainly offered fKo '
dollars American gold for a tortilla.
Desperately Hungry
"The Mexicans are desperate," a
refuges from the El Valle district
said. "Even though their attitudo
might be friendly, hunger Is apt to
force them to attack an American
supply train."
Both El Paso and Juarez remained
outwardly calm to-day, but In both
towns soldiers were kept close to their
camps. The number of Americans
crossing into Juarez to-day was
smaller than usual but none of them
reported any manifestations of hostility
Educated Mexicans, some of whom
have been living in El Paso, and
others who have arrived here recently
from interior points in the United
States have been crossing the frontier
in large numbers recently, asserting
that their place In the crisis is with
their people.
T. D. Edwards, counsel In Juarez,
established a desk in the American
crstoms house for the transaction of
diplomatic business. He denied that
the consulate is to be closed but said
thai it is to remain In charge of a
clerk for the transaction of com
mercial business. Detachments de
tailed by General Francisco Gonzales,
on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande
and General George Bell, Jr., on tho
American side, to investigate report t
that the body of an American, killed
in Texas, had been found on the
Chihuahua side reported they were
unable to find any trace of such a
i body.
New York Guardsmen Are
Nearly Ready to Leave
For Their Camp Ground
By .Associated rrtss
New York, June 20. Hundreds
lof members of the national guard
[ regiments remained in their armories
! last night and at all armories officers
and men are preparing for mobiliza
tion at Reekman, N. Y. Some of the
troops expected orders to start for the
camp to-day but the majority of the
regiments are not likely to ler.'-'i? W»»
| fore to-morrow or Thursday.
Recruiting for most of the regi
j ments to bring them up to their full
, war strength of 150 men to u com
pany of Infantry Is proceeding rapidly.
| Adopt'ng the example set by the
j mayor many employers of guardsmen
announced that the pay of the men
refponding to the call would be con
tinued in full or in part. The West
ern Union Telegraph Company an
nounced that any of its employes in
any part of the country who have
beer, in the service of the company
for more than a year will receive half
pay during their military service pro
i vided this, with a military pay docs
j not exceed their normal salaries.
Chicago Railroads Are
Ready to Move 25,000
Men to Border Each Day
| Mexico, June 20. Railroads cen
tering in Chicago and having direct
j communication with the Mexican bor
| dtr will be able to move approxi
! mately 25,000 soldiers daily, accord
ing to statements by railroad officials
i to-day. officials of the various roads
have notified the authorities at Wash
ington that they are ready for orders,
but ea l.v to-day they had received no
definite information as to what is ex-
I pccted of them.
Plans are practically complete,
! however, for coping with a situation
• which is expected to develop' the
moment the various State contingents
|of troops are started for the. Mexican
border. Louis S. Hungerford, general
i manager of the Pullman Company,
sale" his company already had live
hundred large tourist cars awaiting
orders. "That means we can trans
port 24.000 soldiers on one trip of
letch car," he sain. It is said that the
comfort of the soldiers who are to
go to the border will be one of the
chief aims of the various transporta
tion companies. Efforts will be made
to provide sleeping accommodations
for every guardsman.
FORD SKI;* "POLITIC AL PI.AY"
Hut liaubtH If President Would he
Moved to llrliiK on War
Special to the Telegraph
Detroit, Mich.. June 20. "\\'e do not
know the situation In Mexico, therefore
we should not criticise too freely," said
Henrv Ford yesterday. "It looks as if
the interests were stirring things up
down there, but it is almost impossible
to get at the real situation.
"While It looks like a political play,
■ this calling out the militia, it might be
going too far to say the President
would involve our country in war for
political reasons.
"There has been some question about
our consistency in talking against pre
paredness. All this talk about pre
paredness both political parties are
making is simply a political play. Both
1 the Democrats and Republicans are
! talking preparedness for that purpose
only." /
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