4
LESSON TEACHES OF
IST GREAT FEMINIST
Deborah, Leader of Women's
Movements, a Prophetess
and Emancipator
LED HER PEOPLE FOR YEARS
Devised and Executed Master
Stroke That Won Judge's
Liberty
The International Sunday School les
son For January 10 Is ••Deborah
and Barak l>Hlvcr Israel"
—Judjr. 1:4-23; 3;1*2!
By William T. Kills
If leaders in the modern women's!
movement knew their Bibles better
we should hear oftener of the (Irst
feminist in history, Deborah th pro
phetess and emancipator. It Is true
that Miriam, the sister of Moses,
broke forth into song: upon one trium
phant occasion, but the next emi
nent ■woman who tipures in the Bible
story, Deborah, really led and inspir
ed lier people over a course of years,
during the troubled period of the
judgres. The master stroke that won
them liberty was of her devising and
execution, and it was she who com
posed the wonderful pean of rejoic
inp which celebrated the event.
The husband might as well be call
ed Mr. Dehorah, for Lippidoth is
merely mentioned as being the hus
band of the prophetess. Was it a hard |
role that he had to play in being j
merely the helpmate of a public wo- ]
man? Perhaps our own times will
evolve a code for the man placed in
this now common position.
Dehorah was greater than her hus
band. The work to which she was
called was one which could not be
done through him: for not even the
wisest wife can impart force of char
acter. vision and the qualities of lea
dership to a man. So Deborah dared,
in a period when usage prescribed se
questration and a secondary place for
her s«x. to translate into action her
great ideals for her people.
Tlic Woman Who Lead
Britain had her Boadicea, France
her Joan of Arc, Germany her Queen
Louise. America her Lucretia Mott.
Susan B. Anthony and Frances Will
ord. AU down the highway of his
tory we see shining occasional wo
men who. when men's hearts failed
or their eyes were dimmed, rose to
the role of leaders and deliverers. In
the great emergencies of America's
pioneer days, and of the war between
the States, women by the hundreds
proved themselves heritors of the
highest traditions of womanly hero
ism.
What is the most characteristic
quality of womanhood, if it is not in
sight, "vision, idealism and a liighloy
alty? Who feels a nation's wrongs so
keenly as its women? Who are the
flaming pioneers of all social reforms
but women? Why are they foremost
in the missionary and temperance en
terprise?
Soul-sensitiveness eplains it. That
quality made Deborah a seer and a
propagandist. She had greatness and
fineness of spirit. Justice and patriot
ism were really master passions with
her. Every wrong done to her op
pressed countrymen by the proud and
cruel Canaanites entered her heart as
a sword. Her loyalty to Jehovah, and
her zeal for him, made her great. In
a dark day when the ordained eccles
iastical leaders proved futile, she led
her people back to God.
So Deborah moved from the land of
Isaachar south to that of Benjamin,
where she would be free to counsel and
confer. Thlsh suggests a word about the
geography of the story: and present
world events are newly teaching peo
ple the importance of geoaraphv. The
scene of the battle lies back of Mt.
Carmel. that long "mountain of a
thousand valleys" by the sea. where
the modern city of Haifa, with its
German colony, its harbor and its
terminus of the Damascus Railway is
now situated. The scene of the de
feat of Sisera is about the same as
that of the slaughter of the priests of
Baal, after Elijah's dramatic contest
on Mt. Carmel. To the eastward, al
m»st in a line with the Lake of Gali
lee, rose symmetrical Mt. Tabor, which
figures in the story as the resort of
Barak's army. Issachar, Deborah's
home, lay directly south, but she
went still further southward, almost
to Jerusalem, to a spot between Bethel
and Bamah to establish herself as a
prophetess to whom the people couid
rcscrt for counsel and inspiration.
There, under the palm tree by the
door of her tent, Deborah sat and re
ceived her people. The picture is
suggc-sUve. A proud woman, of finely
chiselled features, with the reserved
demeanor of a greatly burdened soul,
she sat day by day and received depu
tations in ever-increasing .numbers,
as her reputation grew. Family strife
and village quarrel were adjudicated
by her. The stream of victims of
Canaanitish oppression brought their
woes to her. The perplexed heads of
communities driven desperate by in-
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FRIDAY EVENING, HARRISBURG TELEGRAPH JANUARY 8, 1915.
KAUFMAN'S fo READ
n*". "• SEMI - ANNUAL r ,w
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Saturday ~ OfVl J 4 ZwWfU* Page
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ij Men s, Boys & Women s sweaters ;• j <Bri ng This ww, you) i: Men's 50c Dress Shirts f
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justice piled upon injustice, conferred
with this patriotic, wide-visioned wo
men. Into all the Hebrew nation were
carried her words of patriotism and I
religion. She lighted anew the fire?;
of loyalty to the dream of Abraham j
and to the covenant-keeping Jehovah.
By lifting aloft the common ideals,
she created once more something akin j
to a true national sentiment.
When the Hour Struck
Long Deborah had been firing some I
hearts and restraining others. Patriots;
must have patience. Slowly but in
evitably the time ripened to the hour'
of deliverance. The arrogance and j
high-handedness of the Canaanites ■
grew worse and worse. The very na-1
tional life of Israel was threatened.
All the while the alliance of the Jews
grew stronger. This wonderful wo-
I man bound to herself, by confidence
lin her judgment and patriotism, the
[natural leaders of her people,
i At last the hour struck for which
the patriots had prayed and prepared.
Deborah sent the word to brave Ba
rak. up in Kedesh-Xaphtali, to rally
the ten thousand true men of Naph
tali and Zebulun to Mt. Tabor, and
she would by means not divulged,
draw forth Sisera to battle and de
feat.
Right here Barak proved himself
a man of first grade, for he was will
ing to take second place. He agreed
to the plan proposed, provided only
that Deborah herself would lead the
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host into battle. Tills meant resign
ill}; the glory of the defeat of Sisera
into a woman's hand. But Barak was
that sort of true patriot who puts the
common cause above personal glory.
Barak realized that the host would
follow famous Deborah, whom they
knew as the oracle of God. She, to be >
utterly fair to him, with frank words, |
reminded the leader of the ten thou- 1
sand that he was relinquishing into i
the hands of a woman the credit for aj
memorable victory. Sisera's defeat
was sure, and famous would be that j
leader before whom he should fall.
Barak was willing to have his own
fame obscured, if thereby the enemy i
of his people might be co,nquered.
A Cowardly Cairtaln and a Cruel
Woman
War, our saddened hearts now real
ize, Is not very different to-day from
what It has always been, except that
It is somewhat more deadly. The clash
of man with man, in a struggle of
death, is essentially the same In
France and Poland to-day as it was
when the host of Deborah and Barak |
swept down from symmetrical Tabor
upon the chariots and horsemen of
Sisera in the great plain of Esdraelon
below.
By some providence which Is not
made clear, "The Lord discomfited
Sisera and all his chariots." and the
Israelites were given a complete and
overwhelming victory. Evidently,
from the song of Deborah, the river
Klshon, a thrilling stream ordinarily,
overflowed its banks in a sudden
storm and the chartota were engulfed
or so sorely hindered that they could
not fight.
As for the famous captain of the
Canaanitcs. Sisera proved himself
somewhat less than a hero. Instead
of staying by his troops to the end, and
dving like a brave general, he slip
ped out from the melee and sought to
save his own life by ignominious flight.
History is full of shameful episodes
like this, of great leaders who. in a
crisis, prove pusillanimous, prizing
their own safety above honor and
duty. Sisera's message to the youth
of to-day Is to learn to die nobly,
rather than to live cowardly.
Had he died or been captured like
ia brave soldier Sisera would have es
'caped the Ignominious end which was
his, a fate like that of a wild animal. {
In iiis flight, he came to a Bedouin
encampment. The tents were those
of a partv of neutral Kenites. The
men were all absent, and the rigid
etiquette of the time and the people
demanded that Sisera should pass by
the unprotected households. In his
.unmanly terror, he committed the
folly and ofTence of s«eklng to hide
in the women's quarters of Heber's
tent. Jael, the wife, quick of wit, re
sorted to guile. She welcomed hint,
fed him from the goatskin full of
curdled milk, and when he fell swift
ly into the sleep of utter exhaustion,
she slew- him.
A foul deed was Jael's. Clever
commentators have tried to explain
away, on the grounds of Sisera's vio
lence of the desert code, and on the
basis of Jaei's loyalty to Israel, her
cruel and monstrous act, in driving
a tent peg through the temple of the
sleeping guest. We know that the
Orient does not have our standards
of a fair fight; I have seen men
scratching, biting or kicking each
other: and we also know that cruelty
is commoner in the East. Neverthe
less, the deed was fiendish, even if it
did serve the welfare of the chosen
people, and consummate the victory
of Barak. Making all allowance for
(the standards of the times, there are
some acts that cannot be condoned;
exactly as all the subtle apologists in
Europe cannot explain away certain
undoubted offenses against civiliza
tion in the present war.
The Battle Song of Victory
I,ike so much of the Bible, the
Song of Deborah Is best interpreted
in the light of the usages of the Kast.
Once, down along the Tigris river, I
had put to confusion a petty Turkish
official, and rnv old raftsman (I call
ed him "Hamlet," because he was
such a melancholy Dane) lifted up
his cracked voice and in a loud and
boastful recitative sang the triumph
as if it had been one of Alexander's
victories. That is the custom in Bible
lands to-day, as for thousands of
years past. Every Arab skirmish pro
duces a crop of epics. Your western
poet must chew a penholder for a time
ere he can produce a little verse; but
your Arab, with the swing and vigor
and stateliness of Deborah's pfean,
will improvise his poetry for every
occasion. Every village and tribe has
its poet laureate whose efficiency,
relatively, is greater than that of Bri
tain's.
A stately, noble song was that of
Deborah, and worthy of close study.
In it she not only sounded the note of
triumph, and exulted in the fall of
the foe, and rehearsed the events of
the battle, and derided the craven
Israelites who had skulked at home
in the hour of need, but she also, and
chiefly, set forth the majesty and
might of Jehovah, as the real victor.
The poem, like all true poetry, pene
trated straightway to the heart of
the matter, and in lofty strain, exalt
ed the (lod who gave the victory.
Aside from its inherent interest, this
great conquest over the Canaanites
helped determine the solidarity of the
Hebrew people. The event was a
turning point in the history of Israel.
Deborah stands, a regal figure, at a
crossroads in the life of her nation;
and she upholds and represents the
twin truths of patriotism and rell
giom
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