BY D. A. & C. R. BUEHLER. ,
VOLUME XXII. I
LIKENESSES.
Photographic Likenesses taken by Da
guerreotype Process with all the color.
of nature beautipdly represented.
JR. WEAVER respectfully announ
• ces to his old friends and the citizens
generally, of Gettysburg, that he has com
menced a Daguerrean Gallery in the Old
Temperance House in Chambersburg st.,
where, being in possession of all the recent
improrminent in the art, he is prepared to
offer his best efforts to those who may de
sire pictures of themselves or friends.
He has . 'Wendy improved his facility
for taking miniatures, by the addition of
•splendid new and enlarged German Cam
'era, manufactured by ..Voigtlander and
Son," who are acknowledged to be the
most celebrated opticians in the world ;
thus the public can rest assured that he
is ready to execute pictures in the best pos
sible manner.
It needs but a remark to call the atten
tion of the reader to the regret expressed
by hundreds of not possessing an imagl of
an absent or departed relative or friend.—
Ladies and Gentlemen are therefore most
respectfully invited to embrace the favora
ble opportunity by calling at his 'Daguer
rean Gallery and have their miniatures
taken.
Miniatures taken for $11,25-to $6,421
in Pins or Lockets, $1,25 to $3,10
Groups proportionably low. Old pictures taken
over at half price.
When convenient, families wishing plc.
tures, to avoid detention. should engage
the hours beforehand. Invalids waited up.
on at their residences, and likenesses ta
ken of deceased persons.
Pictures taken without regard to weath
er and warranted not to fade. ('all and
examine specimens.
Juno 20, lB+sl.
The Philistines are Beaten, and
Samson's Ahead Again!
TAKE notice that SAMSON'S new
stock of fresh purchases are just ar
riving and whoever will, may step in and
be rigged from head to toe, in a neat and
complete, full suit, at prices that defy all
ompetition.! Ha CAN'T BIC BEAT!! lie
buys for Cash, and knows just when,
where, how and what to buy. He can
please customers of all ages and classes.
He can fit them all to their satisfaction.
Attention, then, is directed to his pres
ent stock which he is now forwarding, con
sisting of CO A:l'S, PANTS AN VESTS
Ail Superfine Cloths, Black, Blue, &c.—
press, Frock and suck Coats, Rounds
bouts, Pantaloons of all qualities, colors,
prices and sizes.
Clothing of SUMMER CLOTHS,
TWEEDS, LINEN, and other goods.—
Every thing needed for summer wear. , --
Call and allow us to show a suit and we
are certain to sell.
The old adage says "it's not all gold
that glitters," but SAMSON, can show
an assortment of JEWELRY, that will i
enable him to supply all demands in that
ins ; along side of which you rind musical
Instruments; Accordians, Violins and
GLIM" and a few CLOCKS of the same
gind lot he always kept.
He has various articles of linen goods,
such as shirts, bosoms and collars. Also
handkerchiefs, suspenders, socks, pen
knives and pistols, and a most excellent
article of razors. •
To protect your horses as well as your
selves
lie he has the largest assortment of
FLY NE7 S ever offered in these parts.
All sorts, sizes, colors, shades and shapes, s
of good, materials and low-priced.
The public generally are invited to call
and test the truth of these promises. We
have all these things, with many other as
tittles too numerous to specify. Many
-smotion" you can find at Samson's that
you can't get elsewhere.
We ask a chance to show our goods.—
We offer them for the public accommoda
tion, as their humble servant. We ask •
'but one price, and that put low to suit the
times.
icrSAMSON'S One price Clothing
and Notion Store is just Opposite th. bank.
Gettysburg, June 27, 1851—If
NOW FOR BARGAINSi
ELM KURTZ
INAS aililed to Id. usual large stook of
BOOKS & STATIONERY. a large
onaortment of.
HATS & CAPS, BOOTS &
• 'SHOES
of every variety, which will be sohd at
prices that can't be beat.
Irrettll and. see them.
May 23,.1851.
GENTYSBERG MARBLE YARD.
IL & w. R. MEALS,
igTILL; Cantinas the niarble-cutting bus
iness at their old stand in G'arlisle st.,
a few cldori'nbrth of the diamond, Gettys
burgyl ) l(4 and will tarnish every thing in
their 'lib; auch ao Marble Alaylles, Table
10p,,` Noriumentki i
Tombs;'rind . Head
srories, , of the foittit and ,handsomest
lan and Vermont Marble," tlf which tlicy
have jail procured a iarge mock, and feel
competent to drevivit • style which' can
not but'please. The charges, fob, will be
as larlis tpe city prices,— Orden, 'roma
distance prelel'ltY e ucuted *
ItitieM), 1848-6 m ,
EXTRACT OF COFFEE.
firtlit genuine ' , original EXTRACT
COFFEE, which has-been re.;
condi si extensively , brought into uscaa
a SUblitil4li ' for Coffee, and which mom
'mends itself by reason of its cheapness as
well as its pxcellence, oan be had, at all
inn; Ctle SUre of
S. lI—BUEHLER.
Drew, Goods.
A NOT H ER, Stoek of Dress Silks, Pop
lins. Bengalis !Alines, Berages, and
Mous. de Liaises, lianiloonie and vilely, at
FAIINESTOCK'S.
elm tan fivrfbeb•
A New Saucily just Received at
lIIANIERSLY'S
GROCERY & VARIETY STORE.
THE subscriber has just returned from
the city with a fresh assortment of
every variety of
GROCERIES ,
including prime Rio Coffee. N. Orleans,
efrushed, and loaf sugar. N. O. sugar-house
and syrup molasses, teas, dairy salt, extra
pure starch, saleratus, pepper, alspice,
ginger, cloves, mustard, rice, fresh mack
arel, tobacco, 'snuff, cigars, Pickles, crack
ers of different kinds, including water, but
ter, soda, Medford, &c. ; also
Fruits and Confections,
candies, raisins, figs, prunes, nuts, coaco
nuts, oranges, lemons, citron., almonds,
dtc. Also the best assortment of
QUEENSWARE
ever opened in aettysbnrg, embracing ev
ery thing in the Queens w. re line, from
common to heat china, britannia ware, glass
ware, together with a large variety of
Miscellaneous Goods,
such as cedar ware, tubs, baskets, buckets,
door mats, brooms, bed cords, grain and
manure forks, shovels, nails of all sites,
knives and forks, chains, spoons, brushes,
andirons, lead, powder and E hot—with a
little of every thing in the variety line.
Thankful for past favors, the subscriber
invites a call at his establishment ,oti the
north-west corner of the Diamond, as he
feels assured he can furnish goods at prices
that cannot be heat.
WM. W. HAMERSLY,
Gettysburg, A pril 25.
NW - :111W. 11LACT
HARDWIRE STORE.
TIM Subscribers would respectfully
announce to their friends and the
public, that they have opened a NEW
HARDWARE STORE in Baltimore at..
adjoining, the residence of DAVID ZIEGLER,
Gettysburg, in which they are opening a
large and general assortment of
HARDWARE, IRON, STEEL, •
GROCERIES,
CUTLERY, COACH TRIMMINGS,
Springs, Axles, Saddlery,
Cedar Ware, Shoe Findings,
Paints, Oils, & Dyestuffs,
in general, ineuding every description of
articles in the above line of business—to
which they invite the attention of Coach
makers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, Cabinet
makers, Shoemakers, Saddlers, and the
public generally.
Our stock having been selected with great;
care, and purcliashed for Cash, we part.
antee (for the Ready Money,) to dispose!
of any part of it on as reasonable terms as
they can he purchased any where.
We particularly request a call Irons our
friends, i.nd earnestly solicit a share of
public favor, as we are determined to es
•tablisli a character for selling Goods at
low prices and doing business on fair prin
ciples.
JOEL B. DANNER,
DAVID ZIEGLER.
Gettysburg, June 13, 1851.—tf.
DEW Gawps,.
GEORGE ARNOLD
HAVIN G
extended his business, is
Hnow opening as large a stock of
Fresh Goods as has been offered to the
public at any 61113 in this place. The stock
consisting of a general assortment of
DD IRS 7 COODS,
among which are superfine Cluths,Tweeds,
Caseimeres, Cashmerets,Cassinets, Janes,
Drillings, Summer Cloths and Plaids, with
many other articles for gentlemen's wear
—all very cheap. Call and litamitte.—
A Ise, a great ,variety of Ladies Fancy
Dress Goode, Silks, Plain, striped and
plaid, Calicoes, Ginghams, Mous. Dela nes,
!lenges and Berage Delaney, Shawls, Bon
note, Ribbons, Hosiery, Gloves, Laces and
Trimmings, with almost every article in
'the Dry Goodei
A large lot of Carpeting, Do
mestics, Fresh Groceries,
Queerisware,
Wooden-Ware; Stc., &e.
all of which will be sold as cheap as the
cheapest.' Please call, examine and judge
for yourselves. We pledge'ourselves not
to:be undersold in any article by any esti&
lishnientlin the place. What we , promise
we intend to do, and no mlistake. Give
ris a cap. •
GEO. ARNOLD.
Gettyrburg, April 4
tOCEST GROTE STEIN
INASMUCH as the streams are 'now
failing, the Farmers will *tole beer to
mind• that at this Esteblishment they' can
at all times have their grinding done on
sort notice and in the best manner.. Per
sons from • a 'distance; by Waiting fiver
night, eau take with them their gum men
ulactured as 'desired.' The building has
been much enlarged, and a large quantity
of grain can now be received.
11:7^Patronize this establishment—it
has been. built at heavy expense, for the
special convenience and accommodation
of the neighborhood and surrounding coun
try. GEO. ARNOLD.
Germany township, Juno tl—te
JUST received, a few more of those
cheap Cloth Sack COATS. Alt*,
some tine Cassimere PANTS, of every
variety, at SAMSON'S
April 25-11
GETTYSBURG, PA. FRIDAY EVENING, JULY 18, 1851.
ORATION OF MR. WEBSTER.
Delivered July 4th, 1851,
dlt the capitol, on the occasion of Laying
the Corner-Stone of the Extension of the
Capitol.
Fellow-Citizens :—I congratulate you ;
I give you joy on the return of this anni
versary ; and I felicitate you, also, on the
more particular purpose of which this ever
memorable day has been chosen to wit
ness the fulfilment. Hail !—All hail !
I see before and around me a mase of fa
ces, glowing with cheerfulness and patriot
ic pride. I see thousands of eyes turned
towards other eyes, all sparkling with grat
ification and delight. This is the New
World ! This is America I And this is
Washington. the capitol of these United
States. And where else among the na
tions, can the seat of government be sur
rounded, on any day of the year, by those
who. have more reason to rejoice in the
blessings which they possess? No where,
fellow-citizens ; assuredly, nowhere. Let
us, then, meet this rising sun with joy and
thanksgiving !
This is that day of the year which an
nounced to mankind the great fact of A
merican Independence. The fresh and
brilliant morning blesses our vision with
another beliolthg of the Birthday of• our
Nation ; and we see that nation of recent
origin, now among the most considerable
and powerful, and spreading over the con
tinent, from sea to sea. •
Among the first colonies from Europe
to this part of America, there were some,
doubtless, who contemplated the distant
consequences of their undertaking. and
; who saw a great furturity ; but, in getter
eral, their hopes were limited to the enjoy
ment of a safe asylum from tyranny, reli.
gious end civil, and to respectable sub
sistence, by industry end toil. A thick
Iveil hid our times from their view.—
But the progress of America. however
slow, could not but at length awaken ge
nius, and attract the attention of mankind.
In the early part of the next century,
Bishop Berkeley, who, it will be remem
bered, had resided for sonic time in New
port, in Rhode Island, wrote his well
known "Verses on the prospect of plant
ing Arts and Learning in America." The
lain stanza of this little Poem seems to have
been produced by a high touch of - poetical
inspiration :
'Westward the course of Empire takes its way ;
The four first vet. already peat,
A fifth theft close the drama with the day :
'I toe's noblest offapring is the last"
This extraordinary prophesy may be
considered only as the_ result of long fore
sight and uncommon sagacity : of a fore
, sight and sagacity stimulated, nevertheless,
by excited feeling and high enthusiasm.—
So clear a vision of what America would
become was not founded on square miles,
or on existing numbers, or on any vulgar
laws of statistics. It was an intuitive
glance into futurity ; it was a grand con
ception, strong, ardent, glowing, embracing
all time since the creation of the world,
and all regions of which that world is ,
composed; and judging of the future by '
just analogy with the past. And the nil-
m noble imagery and beauty with which I
! the thought is expresed, joined to the con
ception itself, renders it one of the most
striking passages in our language.
On the day of the declaration of hide
' pendenee our illustrious fathers perform
ed the first act in this drama—an, art, it:
real importance. infinitely exceeding that!
for which the great English poet int oked that!
for
of fire,
A kingdom for a stage, princes to net,
And monarchs to behold the dwelling seene !"
The Muse inspiring our Father* %vaii
the Genius of Liberty, all on fire with a
sense of oppression, and a resolution to
throw it MT ; the whale world wee the
stage, and higher character than princes,
trod it ; and instead of menarche, counties
tries and nations, the age beheld the swel
ling scene. How well the characters were
east, and how well each acted his part,
and what emotions the whole performance
excited, let history, now and hereafter,
tell.
At a subsequent period, hut before the
the declaration 01 Indepentlenee, the Bish
op of St.. Asaph published a Discourse,-in
which the following remarkabie passages
are found :
It is difficult for man to look into the destiny of
future a ges ; the designs of Providence are too vast
and chinplicated;and - ourrwn powers are too nar
row to admit of much satisfaction to our curiosity,
But, when we see many great and poWerful eau*.
es constantly at work we cannot doubt of their
producing proportiouable effects.
The colonies in North America have not only
takedroot and acquired strength, 6itt Unit Peden
ing with en accelerated progress to such a powerful
State as may introduce a new and limper - tam change
is human affairs.
Descended from • ancestors of the most homy
ed and enlightened part of the old world, they re-
Mies, as it were, by inherittnce, all the improve-.
meats and disioveries of their mother country.—
And It happens fortunately for them to commence
their flourishing State at a time when the human
understanding has attained to the free ase of Its
powers, and has learned.to act with vigor and
certainty. They may avail themselveemet only
of the experience and induetry. but even of the er
rors and utilities of farmer days. 'Let it be con
skjered for bow many ascii great port of the world
appear. not to have thought tai ell ;I how Many
more they have been busied in forming irritates
and conjectures, while meson has been lost in a
labyrinth of words and they never seem to have
suepected on what frivolous matter their miode
Were erelplOyed.
And let it be wall Understood what sapid
ferivemente, what important dikoserlis have been
wide,* slew year*, by; a: few Countries, with'
our own at their len4, which have at last dis
covered the right method of using their feculdea.
May are not reasonably expect that a number
ofprovincee, pewee& of these advantages, and
quickened by motet, emulation, with only the
cemnson program of the human mind, should very
'considerably enlarge the boundaries of science:
The vast continent itself over. which they are
gradually spreading, may be considered as atlas
sure yet untouched of natural productions that
shall hereafter afford ample :natter for commerce
and contemplation. And if wo reflect what a
stock of knowledge may lie accummulated by the
constant progress of industry and observation, fed
with fresh supplies frem the atoms of nature, as•
misted sometimes by those happy strokes of chance
which mock all the powers of invention, and
sometimes by those superior characters which a
rise occasionally to instruct and .enlighten the
world, it is difficult even to imagine to what height
of improvement their discoveries may extend.
.And perhaps airy may mala es considerable ad-,
..FEARLEBB AND FREE."
sauce in the arts of civil trovietsmetst and the cm.
duet of life. We have reason to be proud; and
even jealous, of our excellent constitution ; but
those equitable principles on which it was form
ed, an equal representation, (the best discovery of
political wisdom) and a Jim and commodious
distribution of power, which with us ware the
price of civil wars a nd the 'rewards of virtues arid
suffering of our ancestors, descend to them a na
tural inheritance, without tail or pain.
But must they rest here,. as in the utmost effbrt
of human 'gennius 1 Van chance std time. the
wisdom and experience of public men, suggest no
new remedy aginst the evils which vices end am
bitten are perpetually apt to cause 1 . 'May they
not hope without presumption, to preserve agreat.
er zeal for piety and public duration than we have
done 1 For surely it can hardly happen to them,
as it has to us, that when religion is best under
stood and rendered must pureinil reasonable, that
then should be the precise time when many cease
to believe and practice it, and all in general be
come most indifferent , to it
May they not possibly be More successful than
their mother country has been in preserving that
reverence and authority wnich is due to the lawsl
to those who make, and to those who execute
them 1 - May not • method bit invented of protu
ring some tolerable share of the comforts of Ilk to
those inferior useful ranks of men to whose in
duetrp we are indebted for thaprhole 1 'l'ime and
discipline may discover some means to correct the
extreme inequalities of condition between the rich
and poor, so dangerous to the innocence and hap
pineiis of both. They may fortunately be led by ha
bit end choke to demise that luxury which is
considered with no the true enjoyment of wealth.
They may have little relish fixr that easeless bur
ry of amusements .viiith is pursued in this coun
try without pleasure, exercise or employ mon% And
perhaps, alter trying some of our follies and -ca.
prices and rejecting the rest, they may be led by
reason and experiment to that old simplicity which
was first pointed out by Nature, and has produ
ced those models which we still admire in arts, elo
quence and manners. The diversity of new
scenes and situations, which so many growing
tits es must necessarily pars through, introduce
changes in the fluctuating opinions and manners
of Morn nhich we can form no conception of; and
net only the graciousilispositions of Providence,
but the visible preparafion ut cainiai„ mems.to in
dicate et.oul, tendencies towards a general im
provement."
Fellow-citizens. this . ..gracious disposi
tion of Providence" and this "visible pre
paration of causes" at lengh brought on
the hour for decisive action. On the 4th
of July, 1776, the Representatives of the
United States of Americe, in Congress as
sembled, declared that dim United Col
onies are, and of right-ought to be, free and
indepemknt Waifs:
This declaration, made by most patriot
ic and resolute men, trusting in the justice
of their cause and the protection °Men;
ven, and vet made not without deep soli
eitade and anxiety, has now stood for soy
enty-tive years, and still stands. It was
sealed in blood. It has met dangers, and
overcome them ; it has Itad enemies, and
it has conquered them ;. it haiehad
tors, and it has film:died them has
had doubling friend., hut it has cleared all
doubts away ; and now, to-day, rasing iii
august form higher than the douds, twenty
millions of people contemplate it with hal
lowed love, and the world beholds it, and
the consequences which have followed
from it, with profound admiration.
The anniversary anienates,and gladdents,
and unites all American hearts. On other
days of the year we may be party men,
indulging in controversies, more or less
impovtant to the public good; we may
have likes and dislikes, and we may mate
min our political dith:rences, often with
warm and sometimes with angry feelings.
But to-day, we are Amerkans all ; and
nothing but Americass. As the great
luminary over our heads, dissipating
mists and foga. now cheers the whole
hemisphere. so do the associations connec
ted with this day disperse all cloudy
and sullen weather, and all noxious ex
' halation. in the minds and feeling of
true Americans. Evers: man's heart
swells within him ; every man's port and
bearing become somewhat more proud and
lofty. as he remembers that 75 years have
rolled away, and that the great inheritance
of liberty is still his ; his, undiminished and
unimpaired: his in all its original glory ;
Ilia to enjoy ; his to protect: and and his
to transmit to future generations.
Fellow-citizens : This inheritance which
we enjoy to-day is not only en inheritance
of liberty. but of our own peculiar Anted
can liberty. Liberty has existed in other
times in other countries, and in other
farina. There has been a Grecian lib
erty. bold and powerful, full of spirit, e
loquence. and lire ; a liberty which pro
duced multitudes of great men, and has
transmitted one immortal name, the name
of Demosthenes, to posterity: But still it
was a liberty of discontented States, some
times united, indeed, by temporay leagues
and confederacies, but often involved in
wars between . themselves. The . s word of
Sparta turned its sharpest edge against A
thens. enslaved her, and devastated Greece;
and in her turn, Sparta war compelled to
bend before the power of Thebes. And
let it be ever - remembered, especially let
the truth sink deep intualiAmerican minds,
that it was the want of union tunongliel.
several States which finally gave the mas
tery triad Greece to Philip of Macedon .
" And there has also been a Roman liter
ty, a proud, ambitious, doinineering
professing tree and popular principleS' in
Rorne.itself, buti even in thalweg 'diys' of
.
the Republic, ready to carry 'slavery and
chains into her , provinees, and through ev
ery Country, over which . hir eagles could
be borne. Who ever heard of !then" itt
Spain, orGattl, or German*, or Britain in
Ike 'days of Rome t There was voile each.
As the Roman Empire declinetliterprova'
laces,. not instructed! in the Principles of
free popular government, one after another
declined also,..and when Rome heritelf fell
inihnsinl.« l l fell together. •
I have said, gentlemen, thitt . our inheri
tance is an inheritance of American liber;
ty. That our liberty is characteristic, pe
culler, and altogether our own. Nothing
like it existed in former timee, nor was
known in the moat enlightened States of
antiquity; while with wooly principles have
bedtime interwoven into the minds Of in
dividual melt. connected with our daily o
pinioris, and our dilly habits, until it iv, if
I may so say, an element of social as well
as of political life ; and the consequence is,
that to whatever region an American citi
zen carries himself, he takes with him, ful
ly developed in his own understanding and
experience, our Atherican principles and
opinions, and becomes ready at once, in
co-operation with others, to apply sham to
the formation of new governmenta. Of
this, a molt 'wonderful instance may be
seen in the history of the State of Calgor;
nia.
On a former occasion I have Ventured
to remark that, "It is very difficult to es
tablish a free conservatiie Government for
the equal advancentent of all the interests
of society. What has Germany' ,done;
learned Germany, fuller of ancient lore
titan all the world beside I Whit has It.,
ally done W hat hive they done who si Well
en the spot where Cicero lived I They
have not the power of self-gusernment
which 'a town meeting with us, posseesei," ,
"Yes, I say, that those matins who, hare
gone from our. town meeting" to dir•gold In
California, are more fit to Make a Repub
lican Government than any, body ofmen
in Germiny or Italy ; because ,
they
have learned thii - one great leased, that
thetois no sertirity without leaf, and that,
tinder the cirettinsuine;el in which they are
placed, Where there is no •militarY author
ity to cut their throats, there hi no sover
eign will but the will of the majority ; that,
I therefore, if they remain, they intuit sub
mit to that'avill," And this I belies' to be
strictly true.
Now, fellow-citizens, if your patience
will hold out, I will venture, before pro
ceeding to the more 'apPriipriate bud par
.ticular -duties of the day, to state ; in a few
words, what I take these American.politi
cal principfes in substance to be. they
consist, as I think, in the first place, in the
establishment of 'popular. governmen
the basis otrepresentatien ; for it is Plain
that a pure democracy, like that which ex
isted in some of the State" of Greece, in
which every individual hid a direct 'vote
in the enactment of all laws, caniwtpossi-
My exist in a country of wide extent.—
thia representation is - to . tre made as-equal .
as eirimaistancits will ow, Now, this
principal of popular representation, pre
vailing either in all the branches' of Guiti.
ernments, or in aortie of them, has exiated '
in States, almost from the days of the set..
dements at Juntestuivn and Plymouth ;
'borrowed, no diMbt, from the example of
• the popular branch of the British Legisla
ture. The representation of the people
in the British House ofemn,ntons wag, in;
deed, originally very unegial, and is not
yet equal. Indeed, it may be doubted
whether the appearance of .Knights and
Burgesses assembling un the semitone of
the Crown, was not intended at first as an
assistance and support to the RoYal
ativo, in matters of revenue and taxation-,
rather than as a mode of ascertatittiog pop
ular opinion. Nevertheless, representa
rloo had i popular origin, and saVored
more and more of the character. of that
I origin, as it acquired, by slow degrees,
greater and greater strength, in the actual
government of the country. In fact, the
constitutron of the House of Commons was
a form of representation, however unequal;
numbers were counted, and majorities pre
vailed, and when our ancestors, acting up
on this example, introduced more equality
of representation, the idea assumed a more
rational and distinct ithape. At any rate,
this manner of exercising meter power
was familiar to our fathers When they set
tied on this continent. They adopted it,
and generation has risen up after genera•
thin. all acknowledging it, and becoming
acquainted with its practice and' its Itirins.
And the next funda.nenial princple in
our system is, that the will of the ntalartiy,
fairly expressed thro' 1111.1811 b of represen
tation, shall have the force of law ; sod it
is quite evident that in it country without.
Thrones or Aristocracies or privileged
castes or dosses, there can be' no other
foundation fur law to stand upon.
And, as the necessary result of this, the
third element is; that the law is the su
preme rule for the government of all.—
The great sentiment'of Alcteus, do beatiti-'
fully presented to uttby Sir Wtliitiin duties,
is absolutely indispensable to the conetruc
tion and the maintainanee of our political
systems:
.0 What constitutes a State 1
Not high rated battlements or liboted mound,
Thick wall or mooted get.;
Not cities proud, with4spires and turrets
crown'd ;
Not bays and broad arlid ports,
Where, laughing at the atorinoich navies ride'{
Not starr'd and spangled courts,
Where low loosed bestows walla perfume to
pride. • ••
No—Mart, high.mituled Max, •
With power. as far abOve dull brutes endued..•
In forest, brake, or den,
As beams exoel cold rock"and brambles rude
Mem who their duties know,
But know their rights, and knowing;dare mallV•
twin •
Prevent the long altletl blow,
And crush the fy rant while they rend the chains
These constitute a State;
Alai SOlllllll4llO haw, that' State'a collected
will,
U'er thrones anti glob's elate,
Site emotes., crowtdcg goesj, tiptoeing ill."
Anti, finally, ennther , most important'
part of, the grant fabric of American liberty
is, that thererffiell be written-constitutions;
founded on the immediate authority of the
people themselves, and ;regulating and , . re.;
straining all -the, poem conferred upon
Goveroinent, w 10030 legialative, exeett
live, or judicial.
This, fellow-citizeneJruppose to be a
just summary of our American principles,
and (bare on this occasion sought to ex
press theth in the , plainest and in the few
mit words., The mummery may not be en
tirely exact, but,* hope it may be suffici-•
firstly so to .make manifest to the rising
generation among ourselves, and to those
elsewhere who may choose to inquire iv.
to the nature of our political institutions,
the general theory upon which they are
founded. And I now proceed to add, that
the strong and deep settled, conviction of
all intelligent persons amongst us is, that
in order to support a useful and wise Gov
ernment upon these popular principles.
the general education of the people, and
the wide diffusion of pure motality and
true religion are intleepensable. Whim!.
nal virtue is a part of pblic virtue. It is
difficult to conceive how there can remain
morality in the Government when it shall
cease to exist among the people ; or how
the aggregate of the political institinions,
all the organs of which consist only of nom,
should be vied, awl benfficent, aibleompe
tent to inspire confidence, if the opposite
qualities belong to individuals who consti
tute thoie organs, and make up that eggre
gate. , •
And,now, fellow-citivens, I take leave
of this part of the duty which I proposed
I to perform. and one* more felicitating you
au!l .myself that our eyes have seen the
light of this blessed morning, and that our
eery have heard the shouts with which the
joyous thousands welcome its return, and
joiniu4 with you in the hope that every
revolving year shall renew these rejoicings
to the end of time, 1 proceed to address
you t shortly, upon the particular occasion
of our assembling here to-day.
Fellow—citizens, by the act of Congress
of 30th 'September, 1850, provision was
made for the extension of the Capitol, ac
cording to such plan as might be approved
by the President of the United States, and I
the, necessary sums to be expended under
his, direction by such architect as lie might
appoint. This measure was imperatively
demanded for the use of the Legislative
and Judiciary departments, the public li
braries, the occasional aecomodation of the
Chief Executive Magistrate, and for other
objects. No act of Congress incurring a
lake expenditure has received more gener
al approbation , from the people. The Pres
ident has proceeded to execute this law.
fie has approved a plan ; lie has appoin
ted an architect ; and all things are now
`ready for the commencement of the work.
The Anniversary of National Indepen
deuce appeared to afford an auspicious arc.
Cation for laying the foundation stone of
the. additional building. That ceremony
has now been performed, by the President
himself, in the_presence and view of this
multitude. lie thought that the day and
the occsion midi) a united and an impera
tive call for some short address to the peo
ple here assembled, end it is at his request
that I have appeared before you to per
form that part of the duty which was deem
ed incumbent On us.
Beneath the stone is deposited, among
otberthings, a list of which will be publish
ed, the follr,iwing brief account of the pro
ceedings of this day, in my handwriting:
..On the ,morning of the first day of the Seventy
sixth yeat of the Independence of the United
*Otto of Artierlca,in the City of Waehinaton, be-
Inglis° 4th day of July,'lBsl, thin stone, designed
aelhe corner atone of the extension* of the Capitol,
according to a plan approved by the President, in
palomino@ of an act o(Congress, was laid by Mil-
lard Fillinele, President of the United States, aide
ted by lhe Grand Master of the Masonic Lodges,
in the presence of many members of Congress, of
offieere of the Egeeuttre and Judiciary Depart
ments. National; state, and district, of officers of
the slaty and navy, the-Corporate authorities of
this a n d neighboring cities, many associations,
civil and military and masonic, officers of the
Smithsonian Lnlaltution end National Institute,
professors of colleges' and teachers of schools of the
District, with their students and pupils, and a
vast concourse of people from places neer and re
mote, including a few surviving gentlemen who
wiuessed the laying of the corner-stone of the
I Capitol by President Washington, op the Oigh
teenth day of September, Seventeen hundred and
ninety-three.
If, therefore, it shall be hereafter the will of God
that this structure shall fall from its Wise, chat its
foundations lo upturned, end this deposits brought
to the eyes of men, be it then known, that on this i
day thcSolon of the United States of America'
stands rat, that their llonatitution 4111 exists un
impaired, and 'with all its original usefulness and
glory ; growing every day stronger and stronger
in the affections of the great body of the American
people, and attracting more and Mere the admire.
lion of the world. And alt here assembled. wheel
erhelooging to public life or to private %, with
hearte devoutly thankhd to Almighty God for the
liberty arid hapPineesof the country, onite le sin
cere and ferient prayers that the deposits, and the
walls end arches, the dinneaaud towers, the col
name and entablatures now to be erected over iy
may endure forever !
„ •
"r4JO eaVII 2.111 L uniTnn STATIe Of ,
sDANIII. WEE PER,
"Synemeg of &am of the Ma ed awes."
Fullow-Citikens r Fifty-. eight years ago
Washington smod. op this spot to execute
a duty like that which hasbeen performed.
Fle•thewlaid the corner-stone of, the origi
nal Capitol. tie- Was at tbe head Of the
Government, at that time weak in resew.-
cos. burdened with debt. just struggling!
into existence and . political res pectability,
and agitated bribe heaving wares which
were overturning-European thrones.. Hut
even then, in.matly impotent respects, the
Government was strong. It was strong
in Washioton's own great character ; it
was strong. in the wisdom and patriotism
of other eminent public men, his political
'associates and fellow laborers ; and it was
strOugin ihetwireotiontrof the people.
Since that time astonishing changes have
'been wrought the condition and pros
pects of the American People ; and a de
gree of progress Witnessed with which the
world can furnish no parallel. As we re
view the courie of that progress, wonder
and amasement arrest Our attention at eve
ry step. • The present occasion, although
allowing of no lengthened remarks, may
yet perhaps admit of a short comparative
statement between important subjects of
national interest as they existed at that day.
and as they now exist. I have adopted for
this purpose the tabular form of statement.
'tis being the most brief and the most accu
rate.
COMPARATIVE TABLE
Yes" 1793. YeselBsl
'Number of States 15 3t
Representatives mid Eien
', store in Congenital 195 7.55
Populations of the link•
lel doter 3,929.328 23,2.87,498
'Population of Baton 18,038 136.874
Population of Baltimore 13,503 19 9 . 1 ) 54
Population of Philadel
phia '42,520 409,045
Population of N. York 88,121 • 515,667
Population of Washington 40,073
Population of Richmond 4,000 27,382
Population of Choi lesion 16,850 . 49.993
Amount of receipts into the'
Truusury , $5,720,621 945,774,848
Amount of eapenditurea
of tha U. Status, 7,320,375 39,355,208
Amou'ot of impotui ' 31,000.00 H 178,198.31.8
Amount of export. 20.109,090 • 134808,720.
A mount of tonnaie 20,704 3,520,434
Arai of the United '
States ill square •
miles 805,461' 3,814,885
Rank ontl2lo of the.. —
-
army •1103090
Militia (colonil)
Navy of the U 3.
(vessols)• (340) ' 76
Navy arralllllllol (ord
uanoel
Treaties end convert.
Lions with focsigo
lowers 115 99
Light houses sad light.
, • ;
TWO DOI LXIIIC PM! . 444114•1711111
NUMBER- 19:
boats
Expenditures for do.
Are. of the first Capi
tol building, (Aquino
feet)
Area of the present Csp
itol, including extension
Lines of Railroads, in
miles
Linea of Telegraph do.
Number of post Aloes 209
Numbet of miles of
po t roma •
Amok' nt or revefico hum
104,741 ,11,701411
poet offices
Amount of expend'.
turns of Post Office
Department
Number of miles Mai
72.040 , *21052
transportation
Number nrcolleges
Public libraries
Volumes in do
School libraries
Volumes in dv
75,000 1t461C
1,000,000
In respect to the growth of Westein
trade and commerce, I extract few
sentences from a valuable address befell"
the Historical Society of Ohio, by Wil
liam D. Gallagher, Esq., 1850 :
"A few facts will exhibit as well al 11 enfants
the wonderful growth of Western trade and coin
merce Previous to the year 1800, some eight Or
ten keelboats, of twenty or twenty-flee tons each,
performed all the carrying trade between Cincin
nati and Pittsburg. In 1802 the first Govern.
merit newel appeared on Lake Erie. In 1811
the first steamboat (the Orleans) was latinclied
Pittsburg.of ln 1828 the waters of Michigan
were first ploughed by the keel of a steamboat. a
pleasure trip to I:reen Bay being -
Planned index
ecuted in the summer of this year. In 1882 a
steamboat first appeared nt Chicago. At the pre
sent time the entire number ufstermiboata running
on the hliesisslipi and Ohio, and their 46b1/erica,
is more probably over than under six hundred ;
the aggregate tonnage of which is not short of one
hundred end forty thousatul—a larger numbered .
86amhents than England can claim, and a great.
er steam commercial marine than that empinymi
by Great Britain and dependencies.'
And now, fellow-citizens, having stated
to you this infallible proof of the growth
, and prosperity of the nation, I ask you,
and I would ask ever man, whether the
Government which has been over us has
proved itself an affliction or a curse to the
country, or any part of it?
Ye men of the South, of all the original
Southern States, what say you to all this?
Are you, or any of you, ashamed of this
great work of your fathers t Your fathers,
were not they who atoned the prophets
and killed them. They were among the
I prophets ; they were themselves the pro
phets.
kmen of Virginia, what do you say to
all this ? Ye men of the Potomac, dwel.
' ling along the shores 9f, that river where
Washington lived, and-where lie died, and
whore his remains now rest Ye. so
many of whom may see the domes of the
I Capitol from your own homes--;.what, do
you say ?
Ye men of James river and the Bay,
places consecrated by the early settlement
of your commonwealth, what do you may
Do you desire, from the soil of your State,
or as you travel to the North, to see these
halls vacated, their beauty and ornaments
destroyed, and their national usefulness
clean gone forever I
Ye men beyond the Blue Ridge, many .
thousands of whom are nearer to this Cap
itol than to the seat of government of your
own State. what do you think of breaking
this great association into fragments of
States and of People? 1 know some of
you, and I believe you all, would be almost
as much shocked at the announcement of
such a catastrophe as if you were to he in
formed that the Blue Ridge itself would
soon totter from its base.' And ye men of
Western Virginia, who occupy the great
slope from the top of the Allegheny to the
Ohio and Kentucky, what course do you
propose to yourselves by disunion! If you
"secede," what do you "secede" from, and
what do you "accede;' to? Do you took
for the current of the Ohio to change, and
to bring you and your commerce to the
tide-waters of Eastern rivers? What man
in hi...senses can suppose that you will re
main part and parcel of Virginia a month
after Virinia should have ceased to be part
and 'parcel of the United States?
The secession of Virginia! the seeeseirm•
of Virginia, whether alone or in company,
is most improbable. the greatest of all im
probabilities. Virginia, to her everlastng
honor, acted a great part in framing and es
tablishing the present Constitution. She
ha% had her reward and her distiection.
Seven of her noble sons have each filled'
the Presidency, and enjoyed the- highest
honors of the country. Dolores Com
plaints come up to us from the South that
Virginia Will - not head the procession of
secession, and lead the other Southern
States out of the Union. This, lilt should
happen, would be something of a marvel.
certainly, considering how much pains
Virginia took to lead these same States in
to the Union, and considering, too, that,
she has partaken as largely of its benefits
and its government as any other State.
Arid ye men of the other Southern States,
members of the old thirteen ; yes, nrem
hereof the old thirteen; that always touch*
es my regard and my sympathies ; North
Carolina, Georgia. South Carolina !
What page in your history, or in the his
tory of any one of you, is brighter than
those which have been recorded since ,
the Union was formed 1 Or throUgh
W hat effect has your prosperity been great
er., or your peace and happiness better se
cured What names even has South Car
olina, now so much dissatisfied; what'
names has she 'of wit irh her intelligent
sons are more proud than those which
have been connected with the Government
of the United Slates. In , revelutiontory
times, and in the earliest days of this Con
, stindion. there was no Stets more honored.
or more descry hie to be honored. Where
is eke now I. Aud "what a fall is, there,
my countrymen !" But I leave bet to her
own reflections, commending to her, with
all my heart, the due considered.% s( beg ,
ovrn example in times now gone by.
Fallow-citisens,. there are some dhoti/ail
of Menthol as well as diseases of di-. boo,, -
41.41. 0 ea of communities as well as
ei orindiTiiittale , Mat must Ist left to thlthr •
own core ; at least it is wire to leave thews
so, until the last critical ,moment shell ar
rive.
I hope it is not irrererent.and cevesisly
is sot Wearied as reproash. whim 1 sty
. 1a pry
12,061 664051
14,041 •
)itg
' 1714142
46,48 Mall
4111
, 464