D. A. BUEHLER, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR
VOL. XI X.-45.1
BTEYERMARK-A BEAUTIFUL POEM
In Steyermark—green Stayermark,
The fields arc bright and the forests dark--
Bright with the maids that bind the sheaves,
Dark with the solemn arch of lava!
Voices end streams and sweet bells chime
Over the land, In the harvest-time,
And the blithest songs of the finch and lark
Are heard in the orchards of Stryennark !
In Etteyennark--old Steyermark,
The mountain.summito are white and stark ;
The rough winds furrow their trackless mow,
but the mirrors of ehrystal are smooth below ;
The stormy Danube chirps the wave
That downward sweeps with the Drave and Save,
And the Euxine is whitened with many a bark,
Freighted with ores of Steyertnark !
In Steyermark—rough ISteyerniarb,
The anvils ring from dawn till dark
The molten streams of the furnace glans,
Slurring with crimson the midnight air;
The lusty voices of the forgcsrom chord,
Chanting the ballad of " Siegfried's sword,"
While ponderous hammers the chorus mark,
And this is the music of Btcyermark !
In Steyermark--dear Steyermark,
Hearts atv glad as the soaring lark;
There men are framed in the manly mould
Of ;heir stalwart sires, of the days of old ;
iitinny blue of the Styrian sky
Crows soft in the timid maiden's eve,
When love descends with the twilight dark,
In the beechen groves of Steyermark.
In Stryermark—bnive Steyermark,
The flame of Freedom has left a spark.
Whose lingering glow. in her rudest glen,
I. kept alive with the iron men !
Ere long the slaves of a tyrant's breath
Hindi be driven beyond the Hills of Death,
And the beam,' snows of her mountains mark
The barriemoteanaomed Steyermark !
SKETCHES OF CALIFORNIA.
The Sierra Nemula—the Great Basin—
the Valk'', of the Sacramento null Sun
Joaquin—the Bay of San Francisco,
Sc.,' 4T.
The excitement in relation to the newly discov.
ered trrasures in California, and the movement
thitherwanl is such, that the following sketches of
the country embracing the gold region upon the
Sacramento and an Joaquin rivers, the Great
Basin, and the :Salt Lakes, cannot prove otherwise
than entertaining. They are taken front Colonel
Fremont'a geograpical memoir of the country,
lately addressed to the United. Slates Senate.—
The population of !{nn Francisco and of th e go ld
region. ■nd for a hundred miler; around, was in
July lasi., about 5,000 souls, including men, wo
men anil•ehildren. The emigration from other
parts ofrGaliforisis, of the disbanded soldiers of
Colonel raterenson'a rrgimetli, and of the run sway
swiloni from sllitot, will itroltihly itterenovi the pop.
ithittion to 1500 more. On r Government hap pent
riot 1000 "olilieni, and the numerous xhips adver
timed to will will eyed' cony out more or lease par,
senora, winle iieveral expedition. have gone by
Lind 111 ertlall the continent, ae that it is 'estimated
that by the fiat of Sune hest, there will be a pop-
Illation of 'from twelve to lifters thousand, which
during the coming Rummer—Nutt, will he the tide
of resignation from dee 'West. on woe as shipping
opens—.array lie overly doubled.
•
SIERRA NEV A 1)A
The Sierra Nevada is a part of the
great maintain range, which, under differ
ent names and with different elevations,
but with much uniformity of dissection
and general proximity to the roast, ex
tends from the peninsula of California to
Russian America, and without a gap in the
distance through which the water of the
Rocky mountains could reach the Pacific
ocean, except at the two places where the
the Columbia and Frazer's river respect
ively find their passage. This great range
is remarkable for its length, its proximity
and parallelism to the sea coast, its • great
elevatian, often more lofty than the Rocky
mountains, and its many grand volcanic
peaks, reaching high into the region of per
petual snow. Rising singly, like pyre
midi., from heavily timbered plateaux, to
the height of fourteen and seventeen thou
atand feet above the sea, these snowy peaks
.constitute the characterizing feature range. '
and distinguish it from the Rocky moun
tains *ad all ethers on our part of the con
tinent.
. That part of this range which traverses
the Aka California is called the 'Sierra ./Ve
mode. (Snowy Menntain)--• name in it
calf implying a great elevation, as it is
oldy applied, in Spanish geography, to the
mountains whose . summits penetrate the
region of perpetual snow. It is a grand
feature of California, and a dominating
one, and must be well understood before
the aructure of the country and the char
acter of its different divisions can be com
prehended. It divides California into two
parts, and exercises a decided intluenee on
the climate, soil, and productions of each.
Stretched along the coast, and at the gen
eral distance of 100 miles from it, this
greet mountain wall receives the warm
winds, charged with vapor, which sweep
across the ocean, precipitate* their aecn
minted moisture in fertilizing rains and
snows upon its western flank, and leaves
cold and dry winds to pan on to the east.
Hence the characteristic dif f erences of the
two reglons--mildness, fertility, and a au.
porb vegetable kingdom on one side, com
parative barrenness and cold on the other.
The two Side; of the Sierra exhibit two
distinct climates; The state of vegeta
tion, in connection with some thermomot
rice' Oheervalindil made during the recent
pxploring expedition so California. will es.
tublish cad Illustrate this difference. In
the beginning of December, 1845, we
crossed this Sierra, at latitude 30° 17' 12",
at the present usual emigrant pass, at the
head of the Salmon Trout river, 40 miles
north of Now Helvetia, and made observa
tions at each base,' and in the same lati
tude, to 'determine the respective temper
atures; the two bases being, respectively,
the western about 500, and the eastern a
bout 4,000 foot above the level of the sea ;
and the Pass 7,200 feet. The mean re
sult of the observations were, on the east
ern, at sunrise, 0° ; at noon, 44° ; at sun
set, 30°; the state of vegetation and the
apptaranee of the country being at the
same time (secontlweek of December)
that ofeonfirmed winter; the rivers frozen
over, snow on the ridges, annual plants
dead, grass dry, and deciduous trees strip
ped of their foliage. At the western base
the mean temperature during a correspond
ing week was, at sunrise, 29°, and at sun
set 52° ; the state of the atmosphere and
of vegetation that of advancing spring;
grass fresh and green, four to eight inches
high. vernal plants in bloom ; the air soft,
and all the streams free of ice. Thus
December, on one aide of the mountain,
was winter; on the other it was spring.
THE GREAT BASIN.
East of the Sierra Nevada, and between
it and the Rocky mountains, is that aflame
sinus feature in our continent, the Great
Basin, the existence of which was advan
ced as a theory after the second expedition,
and is now established as a geographical
fact. It is a singular feature; a basin of
some five hundred miles every way, be
tween four and five thousand feet above
the sea, shut in all around by mountains,
with its own apstem of lakes and rivers,
and having no connection whatever with
the sea. Partly arid and sparsely inhabi
ted, the general character of the Great Ba
sin is that of desert, but with great excep
tions, there being many parts of it fit for
the residence of a civilized people ; and.of
these parts, the Mormons have lately es
tablished themselves in one of the largest
and best. Mountain is the predominating
structure of the interior of the Basin, with
plains between--the mountains wooded
and watered, the plains arid and sterile.—
The interior mountains conform to the
law which governs the course of the
Rocky mountains and of the Sierra Neva
da, ranging nearly north and south, and
present a very uniform character of abrupt- '
mils, rising suddenly from a narrow base
of ten to twenty miles, and attaining an
elevation of ;wo to five thousand feet above
the level of the country. They are grassy
and wooded, showing snow on their sum
mit peaks 'luring the greater part of the
year, and affording small streams of water
front five to fifty feet wide, which lose
themselves, some in lakes, sonic in dry
plains, and some in the belt of alluvial soil
at the base ; fir these mountains have
very uniformly this belt of alluvion, the
wash and abrasion of their sides, rich in
excellent grass, fertile, and light and loose
enough to absorb small streams. Between
these mountains arc the arid plains which
receive and deserve the name of desert.—
Such is the general structure of the inte
rior of the Great Basin, more Asiatic than
American in its character, and much re
sembling the elevated region between the
Caspian sea and northeru Persia. The
rim of this Basin is massive ranges
of mountains, of which the Sierra Nevada
on the west, and the Walt-satch and Tim
panogos chains on the east, are the most
conspicuous. On the north, it is separated
from the waters of the Columbia by a
branch of the Rocky mountains, and from
the gulf of California, on the south, by a
bed of mountainous ranges, of which the
existence has been only recently determin
ed. Snow abounds on them all; on some.
in their loftier parts, the whole year, with
wood and grass ; with copious streams of
water, sometimes amounting to considera
ble riv ric ei l m il wing inwards, and forming
ing la sinking in the sands. Belts
or benches of good allusion are usually
found at their base.
The Groat Salt Lake and the Utah Lake
are in this Basin, towards its eastern rim,
and constitute its most interesting' feature
one, a saturated solution of common salt
—the other, fresh—the Utah about one
hundred feet above the level of the Salt
lake, which is. itself four thousand two
hundred feet above the level of the sea.
um) connected by a strait, or river, thirty
five miles long. These lakes drain an
area often or twelve thousand square miles,
and have, on the east, along the base of the
Mountain, the Usual bench of alluvion,
which extends to a distance of three hun
dred miles, with wood and water, and a
bundant grass. The Mormons have es
tablished themselves on the strait between
these two lakes, and will find sufficient
arabktland for a large settlement—impor
tant from its positkon as intermediate be
tween the Mississippi valley and the Pa
cific mean, and on the line of commanies- 1
don' to CalWornieand' Oregon.
1.14 is about ifiTity-five miles king.
and is remarkable, for tho numerous and I
bold streams which it receives, coming
down from the mountains on the south
east,all fresh water, althouglia large forma
GETTYSBURG, PA. FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 19, 1849.
tion of rock salt, imbedded in red clay, is
found within the area bn the south-east,
which it drains. The lake and its affluents
afford large trout and other fish in great
numbers, which constitute the food of the
Utah Indians during the fishing season.—
'rho Great Salt Lake has a very irregular
outline, greatly extended at time of melting
snows. It is about seventy miles in length,
both lakes ranging nearly north and south,
in conformity to the range of mountains,
and is remarkable for its predominance of
salt. The whole lake waters seem thor
oughly saturated with it, and every evap
oration 'of the water leaves salt behind.—
The rocky shores of the islands are whit
ened by the spray, which leaves salt on
everything it touches, and a covering lik e
ice forms over the water, which the waves
throw among the rucks. The shores of
the lake in the dry season, when the wa
ters recede, and especially on the south
side, are whitened with encrustations of
fine white salt; the shallow arms of tho
lake, at the same time, under a slight cov
ering of briny water, present beds of salt
for miles, resembling softened ice, into
which the horses' feet sink to the fetlock.
Plants and bushes, blown by the wind
upon these fields, are - entirely encrusted
with crystalized salt more than an inch in
thickness. Upon this lake of salt the
fresh water received, though great in quan
tity, has no perceptible effect. No fish,
or animal life of any kind is found in it;
the /arm on the shore being found to be- ,
long to winged insects. A geological ex
emulation of the bed and shores of this
lake is of the highest interest.
MARATIME REGION WEST OF THE SI
ERRA NEVADA.
West of the Sierra Nevada, and between
that mountain and the sea, is the second
grand division of California, and the only
part to which the name applies in the cur
rent language of the country. It is the oc
cupied and inhabited part, and so different
in character—so divided by the mountain
wall of the Sierra from the Great Basin
above—as to constitute a region to itself,
with a structure and configuration—a soil,
climate, and productions—of its own ; and
as northern . Persia may be referred to as
some type of the former, so may Italy be
referred to as some point of comparison
for the latter. North and south, this re
gion. embraces about ten degrees of latitude
—from 32°, where it touches the peninsu
la of California, to 42°, where it bounds
on Oregon. East and west from the Si
erra Nevada to the sea, it will average, in
the middle parts, 150 miles ; in the north
ern parts 200—giving an area of above one
hundred thousand square miles. Looking
westward from the summit of the Sierra,
the main feature presented is the long,
low, broad valley of the Joaquin and Sac
ramento rivers—the two valleys forming
one—five hundred miles long and fifty
broad, lying along the base of the Sierra,
and bounded to the west by the low coast
range of mountains, which separates it
from the sea. Long, dark lines of tim
ber indicate the streams, and bright spots
mark the intervening plains. Lateral ran
ges, parallel to the Sierra Nevada and the
coast, make the structure of the country
and break it into a-surface of valleys and
mountains—the valleys a few hundred,
and the mountains two to four thousand
feet above the sea. These form greater
masses, and become more elevated in the
north, where some peaks. as .9. basil, enter
the regions of perpetual snow. Stretched
along the mild coast of the Pacific, with a
general elevation in its plains and valleys
of only a few hundred feet above the level
of the sea—and backed by the long and
lofty wall of the Sierra—mildness and ge
niality may be assumed as the character
of its clithate. The inhabitants of corres
ponding latitudes on the Atlantic side of
this continent can with difficulty conceive
of the soft air and southern productions
under the same latitudes in the maratime
regions of Upper California. The singu
lar beauty and purity of the sky in the
south of this region is characterized by
Humboldt ass rare phenomenon, and all
travellers realize the truth of, his descrip
tion.
The present condition of the country af
fords but slight data for forming correct
opinions of the agricultural capacity and
fertility of the soil. Vancouver found, at
the mission of San Buenaventura, in 1792,
latitude 34 deg. 18 min., apples, pears,
plums, figs, oranges, grapes, peaches, and
pomegranates growing together with the
plantaton, banana, cocoa -nut, sugar-cane
and indigo, all yielding knit in in abun
dance and of excellent quality. Uwnholdt
mentions the olive oil of California as e
qual to that of Andalusia,and the Wine like
that Of the Canary Islands. Atresent bet
little remains of the - high and various cul
tivation which bad been attained at the mis
sion., Under the mild and paternal ad
ministration of the “Rathers,". the docile
character of the Iddian was made availa
ble for labor, and thousands wire emilo3r
ed in the flails, the Orchards and the vino.
yards. At present, but little of this for
cultivation id seen. The fertile val
leys are overgrown with wild mustard ;
vineyards and oliveorehurda, decayed and
neglected, are among the remaining veati-
, FgARLE9B: AND !'RELY."
gee ; only in some places do we see the
evidences of what the country is capable.
At. San Buenaventura we found the olive
trees, in January, bending under the weight
of neglected fruit; and the mission of San
Obispo (latitude 35 deg.) it still distin
guished for the excellence of its olives, con
sidered finer and larger than those of the
Mediterranean.
The productions of the South differ from
those of the north and of the middle.—
grapes, olives, Indian, corn, have been its
staples, with many assimilated fruits and
grains. Tobacco has been recently intro-,
duced ; and the uniform summer heat which
follows the wet season, and is uninterrupt
ed by rain, welsh] make the southern coun
try well adapted to cotton. Wheat is the
first product of the north, where it always
constituted the principal cultivation of the
missions. This - promises to be the grain
growing region of California. The mois
ture of the coast seems particularly suited
to the potato and to the vegetables com
mon to the Uunited States, which grow to
an extraordinary size.
Perhaps few parts of the world can pro
duce in such . perfeetioe so great a variety
of fruits and grains as the large and .v ari
ous regions enclosing the Bay of San Fran-
niece and drained by its waters. A view
of the map will show that region and its
great extent, comprehending the entire val
leys at the Sacramento and Joaquin, and
the whole western slope of the Sierra Ne
vada. General phrases fail to give precise
ideas, and I have recourse to the notes in
my journal to show its climate and flro
ductions by the test of the thermometer
and the state of the vegetable kingdom.
VALLEY OF THE SACRAMENTO AND
SAN JOAQUIN.
These valleys are one, discriminated on
ly by the names of the rivers which tra-
verse it. It is a single valley—a single ge
ographical formation—near 500 miles long',
lying.at the western base of the Sierra Ne
vada, and between it and the coast range
of mountains, and stretching across the
head of the bay of San Francisco, with
which a delta of twenty-five miles connects
it. The two rivers,. San Joaquin and Sa
cramento, rise at opposite ends of this long
valley, receive numerous streams, many
of them bold rivers, from the Sierra Ne
vada, become themselves navigable rivers,
flow towards each other, meet half way,
and enter the bay of San Francisco to
gether, in the region of tide water, ma
king a continuous line from one end to the
other.
The valley of the San Joaquin is about
300 miles long and 00 broad, between the
slopes of tho coast mountain and the Sier
ra N evade, with a general elevation of on
ly a tow hundred feet above the level of
the sea. It presents a variety of soil, from
dry and unproductive to well watered and
luxuriantly fertile. The eastern, (which
is the fertile) side of the valley is intersect
ed with numerous streams, forming large
and very beautiful bottoms of fertile land,
wooded principally with white oaks (per
ms longiglunda, Torr. and Prem.) in op
en groves of handsome trees, often five or
six feet in diameter, and sixty to eighty
feet high. Only the larger streams, which
are fifty to one hundred and fifty yards
wide, and drain the upper parts of the
mountains, pass entirely across the valley,
forming the Tulare lakes and the San Jo
aquin river, which, in the rainy season,
make a continuous stream from the head
of the valley to the bay. The fool hills
of the Sierra Ne/4ada, which limit the val
ley, make a woodland country, diversified
with undulating grounds and pretty valleys,
and watered with numerous small streams,
which reach only a few miles beyond the
hills, the springs which supply them not
being copious enough to carry them across
the plains. These afford many advanta
geous spots for farms, making sometimes
large bottoms of rich moist land. The
rolling surface of the hills presents sunny
exposures, sheltered from the winds, and
having a highly favorable climate and Suit-
able soil, are considered to be well adapted
to 'the cultivation of the grape, and will
probably become the principal vine grow
ing region of California. The uplands
bordering the valleys of the large atreanis
are usually wooded with evergreen oaks,
and the intervening plains are timbered
with groves or belts of evergreen and white
oaks among prairie and open land. The
surface of the valley consists of level plains
along the Tulare lakes anttElan Joaquin
river, ehanging:into undulating and rolling
ground heater the foot hills of themoun
tains.
The moan temperature in theloaquin
valley, during the journey, from the middle
of December to the middle of January,
was at sunrise 29°, and at sunset 629, with
generally a taint breeze from the snowy
mountains in'the morning, end calm weath
er at the evening. This was a lower tem
perature than we had found in the oak re
gion of the raonnishis bet:tiering the valley,
beiatteit 1,000 and 5,000 feel above the le
,
vel of the, sea, tyhere. throtighout Califor
nia, 1 have retparkettthe tepring to he more
forward than in the open valleys below.
During a journey through the valley,
between the head of thu Tulare lake* and
the mouth of the San Joaquin. from the
19th January to the 12th February, the
the main temperattire was 38°, at sumise,
and 68°, at sunset, with frequent rains.-4.
At the end of January, the river bottoms,
in many places, were thickly covered with
luxuriant grass, more than halls foot high.
Wild horses were fat, arid a. grisly, bear,
killed on the 2d February, had four inches
thickness of fat on his back and belly, and
was estimated to weigh a thousand pounds.
Salmon was first obtained on the 4th Feb
ruary in the To-wal-um-ne river, which,
according to the Indians, is the most south
erly stream in the 'valley in which this
fish is found. By the middle of March the
whole valley of the San Joaquin was in the
full glory of spring; the evergreen °ski
were in flower, geranium eittaariwn was
generally infiloom, occupying the place of
the grass, and making all the uplands.*
close swami. The higher prairies between
the rivers presented unbroken fields of yel
low and oronLe. c_oln.rod flowers. varieties
of Layia and Esdachollzia Calffornica,
and large bequets of the blue flowering
nemophila nearer the streams. These
made the prevailing Moons; and the sunny
hill slopes to the river bottoms showed a
varied growth of luxuriant flowers. The
white oaks were not yet in bloom.
l'he valley of the Sacramento is divided
into upper and lower—the lower two hun
dred miles long, the upper about one hun
dred ; and the latter not merely entitled to
the distinction of upper, as being higher
up on the river, but also as having a supe
rior elevation of some thouitenk 'lf feat a
bove it. The division is strongly and ge
ographically marked. The Shard peak
stands at the head of the lower valley in
the forks of the river, rising from the base
of about one thousand feet, out of a-forest
of heavy .timber. It ascends like an im
mense column upwards of 14,000 feet,
(nearly the height of Mont Blanc,) the
summit glistening with snow, and visible
from favorable points of view, et a distance
of 140 miles down the valley. The river
here, in decending from the upper valley,
plunges down through a canon, falling
2000 feet in twenty miles. This upper
valley is 100 miles long, heavily timbered,
the climate and productions modified by
its altitude, its more northern position, and
the proximity and elevation of the neigh.
boring mountains ..covered with snow. It
contains valleys of arable land and is deem
ed capable of settlement. Added to the
lower valley, it makes the whole valley of
the Sacramento 300 miles long.
BAY OF BAN FRA?iCIROO AND DEPEN
DENT COUNTRY.
The bay of San Francisco hatthesen cel
ebrated from the time of its first discovery,
as one of the• finest in the world, and is
justly entitled to that character even under
the seaman's view as a mere harbor.—
But when all the accessory advantages
which belong to it—fertile and picturesque
dependent country ; mildness and salubri
ty of climate ; connection with the great
interior valley of the Sacramento and San
Joaquin ; its vast resources for ship tim
ber, grain and cattle—when those advan
tages are taken into the account. with its
geographical position on the line of com
munication with Asia, it rises into au im
portance far above that of a more harbor,
and deserves a particular notice in any ac
count of maritime California. Its latitu
dinal position is that of Lisbon ; its cli
mate that of Southern Italy ; setdoments
upon it for more than halfa century attest
its healthiness ; bold shore! and moun
tains give it grandeur ; the extent and fer
tility of its dependent country give it great
resources for agriculture, commerce and
population.
The bay of San Francisco is seperated
from the sea by low mountainous ran
ges. Looking from the peaks of the Sierra
Nevada, the coast mountains present an
apparently continuous line, with only a
single gap, resembling a mountain pass.—
This is the entrance of the great bay, and
is the only water communication from the
coast to the interior country. Approach
ing from the sea, the coast presents a bold
outline. On the South, the bordering
mountains come down in a narrow ridge
of broken hilla, terminating in a precipi
tous point against which the sea breaks
heavily. Co the northern side, the mouli.
tain presents a bold promontory, rising in
a few miles to a height of two or three
thousand feet. Between these points ii
the strait - -about one mile broad, in the
narrowest part, and five miles long from
the sea to the bay. Passing through this
gate, the bay opens to the right and left,
extending in each direction about 85 miles,
having a total length of more than 'Maud
a coast of about 275 miles. It is divided
by straits and projecting points, into three
seperate hays, of which the northern two
are called San Pablo and Suisoon bays.o—
the view presented is of* limn
whines country, the bey resembling an
interior fake of deep water, lying betwecta
parallel rangesof high mountains. Islands,
which have the Aoki characters ofthe shores
, --ktoirte mere putties of rock, and others
grasspatered, rising to the height of three
and eight hundred feet—break its surface
-and add to its Picturesque appearance.—
pirectly fronting the entrance, muutitaius
a few miles from the shtuvi rise about two
thousand feet above the water. crowned by
a forest oldielofty cyiirrs which is visi
ble from the sea, and makes a conspicuous
landmark fot vessels enteiing the bay.
THR ,GOLD REGION-THE CLIMATE
The gold region of California is in the
Sacramento and rte tributaries. The cli
mate of the country has no winter in the
valley, but the rainy season and the dry.—
The rainy lesion begins in November and
continues to the middle of February or the
beginning of March ; the rest of the year
is without rain but the, streams from the
Sierra Nevada allbrd.ai the facilities for
irrigation in the heats of July and August.
The whole valley abounds in wild cattle,
wild ,
horses, elks, deer. antelopes, grizzly
Wan, paattidges, water fowl, salmon, &e.
MI the products of the United Suites, from
apples to oranges, frOnt potatoes to sugar-
Cane, may be produced in the valley of the
San Joaquin and .thsertnente. The cli
mate is remarkably healthy.
Such is the California on the Pacific—
the richest, most picturesque, and , beautiful
region, for its extent, upon the , (bee of the
earth. Such L. the. El Dorado ot the. gold
mines ; such is the great acquisition of
the late wet with Mexico.
LOOK OUT FOR THE ENGINE WHILE
THE HELL 18 RINGING.
With luny of fire, and sibs of steed,
With sighing 'sloe, andpsening wheel,
With startling /ClOlllll and giant stinks,
With *ewe= of sparks, end amide of sest&n.
The iron steel the train' is bringing '
So look out while the bell is rissiiiiit
The gulag, gaping crowd stands back—
• Will ye be crushed. antiwar UN.teack
Now, all aboard and off spin !
The drones behind putt teeth the treks.;
They stumble where the switch is swinging.,
So look out while the bell is ringing! •
Just so the engine of OM*
Rolls on, through sunshine and lineugh sterns,
O'er hinge initi.Vol l 4o9. etownitniad *claw
Through illstspy crowds of Idle. skew;
'Tis heellote's song the maw gni niftier-1
So look out while the bell is ringing
The slave will doff kb yoke end chain, '
The drunkard will not drink again,
The soldier throw bit sword awity.
We see the dawn of that , bright del I
Glad news the hanweessi lightning bringing
Bolook out while the bell is singing I
Tun I.4lllCalAn Raritan= AND rr. Paos
racre.'--President Roberts,besides getting
the independence of Liberia eclknowledged
by England and - France, and having com
mercial treaties formed, and securing their
naval aid to suppress the slave trade at New
Cessters, obtained the assurance of the
Russian Minister in London, that his
Government would follow their example.
Mr. Roberts, in his letter of Dec.' 6, (the
day following whir b he was to leave Eng
land in her Majesty's ship Amazon) states
that he has not been able to visit any of
the German States. At Brussels, he found
the Government so much en,gaged as not
to be able to pay much attention to' his
business.. In conclusion, the Writer adds :
MI have every reason to believe that my
visit so Europe will result in great good
to Africa in general, and to Liberia in par
'
titular. I found much ignorance here
WitAregard to Liberia, and the operation*
of the Society, and many sincere good
friends of the African race totally mein.
formed with respect to the real object of
the Colonization Society, and in mute.
querice prejudiced :against it: During my
sojourn Imre ' I have converied freely with
many who hitherto have been violent in
their opposition to the society ; and think
in many instances I have sneettedett in
correcting their erroneous impressions,"
- -
The New York Legislature has edopt,
ed,by a very large vote, resolutions against
the extension of slavery into California and
New Nterxico, and further expressed a
wish that the slave trade , in the. District of
Colombia ahall be modified or dbolished.
Every Senator present voted for-theist:‘
DORRIS/I In Law.--In the Supreme
Court at Washington, on Tuesday last,
the chief Justice delivered an elaborate
and able opinion upon the R. Island Don
ase, affirming
R.
judgment of the . Cir
colt Court of R. Island. The Court met
the question in all its forme, and are anent
imous in their judgment of condemnation
of the Dorr rebellion. Every point raised
by the counsel for the plaintiff has been
overruled by the Court, and every point
save one; by every Judge of the Court.—
Mr. Woodbury dissented (it is his habit to
dissent upon some point'orother in almost
every important queation,) from the opin
ion of the Court upon the question of Mar
tial Law. The Judges, save one, all af
firm the
,right of the State to protect itself
iu this form, but Mr. Wroodbtiry doubts,
or rather non-concur., embodying his
judgment in a lengthy appeal.
RUBIIIAN RILIIRENCK %INT.
We learn from `the Washington Union
Mat the residence of , Mr, Bedlam the
Russian, Minister, about three miles from
that city, was desiroyed by fire on the I Ith
inst., at 8 o'clock in the morning. his
supposed to , have been the Me work of an
incendiary.
Darraticrivn lies.—A fire broke out
in Philadelphia on Saturday morning et 8
O'clock, in the offiee of the Presbyterfati
Board of Publication, on Chestnut street,
:those Eighth, destroying. the second and
third stories, with a loss of about •16,•
000, most of which was insured.
TWO DOLL►S TWX,AiMM )1.;
NEW SERIES-NIL
TAVISRN Licausas.—The able and Int
cellent Judge Parsons of Philadelphia, has
set his face against granting new tavern li
censes. At a recent session of the Court
of Common Pleas in that city, the names
of the persons applying for licenses were
publicly called out by the Clerk and the
question asked by Judge Parsons in s.
loud voice, whether any persons present
had any objections to make to the grant
ing of the prayer of the petitioners. The
applications for new houses were invari
bly rejected, Judge Parsons remarking that
he would not vote for an increase of tart
er:lBin the city or county of Philadelphia,
but whenever he could do so he would
vote to diminish, and ho should like to ret
duce the number at least one hundred. A:
large number of the licenses for old stands
were rejected in consequence of their be
ing no necessity for them. A number of
the members of the bar were engaged in
Procuring and opposing the licences ati:
plied for.
Ancrrnsa Vicrat.--Hotry Champen
our was found dead ~ o the morning of the
22d tilt. near plane 10 having fallen over
the'steep bank near the head of the IPlute
while in a state of intoxication. These
facWarfl all set forth in the proceedings of
the inquest. A flask which had contained
whiskey was found in his pocket.
,He
leaves, %relearn. a wife and twelve children;
to mourn hie fate. How long the list of
victims to intemperance grows I Will the
dogma never be satisfied t On whose,
heed-lies the blood of this victim ?
A GOAD HlL—The Madison Cowries,
remarking upon the rage of the public for
oewsPatiers containing an extra amount
of reading Matter, says, "if reading mailer
alone be their object, they will find enough
that is new to many of them in the Bible A
arul it is good reading too."
SPAIII Or • TIMPICRANCE tilrairurrion; - =
We find in the Washington News the A)l 4
lowing extract from the report to them,-
nual meeting of the National Division; in
June, 1548:
Number of Divielons in the U. States, 4,661
" Members initiated during
du; past year, 14215 i
Whole number of membeirn, 1411,1f*
Whets amount of reatipta of subonli• •
' nolo Divithnnt in tits U. antes, 11474,11t1fe1i7 .
Win* amount of besedts pad int, 1.40,04111
• , Cash on band, .1046.11
Ntltibrm or owl* • r'n*
Toe POOR Bov's Oot.r.sol. albs
printing ellice,", says the N. York 06 1 Pir
"has indeed proved a botter college to eisr
ny a poor boy,--has graduated ,monsues
lul and cotisplcuous • member, of Oriel
..-1111/11/0001f more hitelket, and tist*
into preolical, marred channels, asialiees,4
more rninel,generated more active and cis,
'rued thought, than any of the literary lot
loges of the wintry. How many idtratiti
has passed through these colleges with nee
tangible proofed' his fitness other than his
inanimate, piece of parchment, himself'
more inanimate than his leathern diploma
There is something in the very summ
photo of a'printing-Mfice 6alculated to it=
waken the mind scut inspire a thirst, for
knowledge. A boy who commences kt
such' a school will have his talents brought
Out ; if he has no mind to draw out, the
boy himself 'will be driven out."
,
At theezernination of a parochial wheels
a reverend gentleman was asking web*
the meaning of the words. Theyinnivrifir
ed very Well till he gave. “backhiter."4.
'flue tiele***d * FIY/4ler. It wpnl d***P
the close till it came, to a
chin.. who, looked sheepishly knowing,.
'slid said, .vit witty be a jka."
A pedants!' who had a warm side for la
young lady 'Was making fun of a ,sacit.
which she wore.
mYou'd *ter keep quiet. or 11l giro yetr
the sack," replied the lady archly.
should be molt happy's' was the dal
tine* Iv/poise. 4. if you would gire, it to
me as it is, faith yourself inside Y:
As well might the farmer have the•
Venus de Medicis placed in his !atelier.
for a wile," say's the Rer. Honry Cole
man in one of his agricultural leetures,..as
some of our fashionable women., Wl*
it would be better to bare Lot's wife
standing there, for she might answer one
useful purpose—she might salt his brtemi.,7
Sions.---Some young ladies, honkslN
-7
grieved by the severity with which th eir
friends speculated un their gay plusitnn,
flounces, necklaces, rings, etc., wenti4 the
pastor to learn hi■ opinion. “Do
think," said they, "there ran be
propriety in wearing these things r'•
..By no means," was the prosaisiNo
"when the heart 'is full of ridiculous, IRS
lions, it is perfectly proper to hang out the
THE POPE IN AlltllCA.Vilft . New
York Sun of Wednesday. says : .
..lii. said - that a large number'
. elor
most in fl uential Roman OW& , ,
intend calling a public turmilet alori
day for the purpoee of inviiinghle H
Pope Pius IX. to take up hilf
residence in this, country. , ,
temporal power of the Pope' bei' '
from hint, it is not unlikely That he Sit? .
find a WWI: in our happy republic" .
~