EV r
... T U. JACODT, Proprietor
Trulh and Right- God and oar Couatrj.
Two Dollars per Annum.
VOLUME 13.
BLOOMS BURG. COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY DECEMBER II, 1861.
NUMBER 49.
r
STAR: OF THE NORTH
.PUILIBBXP 1T1BT WfDimOiT iT
.7- . wn u. jaujbv -
Crfltc on Main St., Jrd Square below Market,
TEKMS: Two Dollars par annum ii pa.d
withiu six months from the lime ol subi-cr.-biag
; two dollars and fifty cents If not -paid
within the year. . No subscription taken k r
a less petioJ than six mouths no discon
tinaar.ee permitted on'ril alt arrearages are
paid, unless at the option of l fie editor.
2 a let ms of advertising trill bt as follows
One square, twelve lines, three limes, SI CO
Every subsequent insertion, ..... . 25
One square, three months, ...... . 3 00
Oi.e year, . ............. . . 8 00
. '1 UC FJIESIDEM'S MESSACiJ.
fellow citizens of the Senate and House
5 of Representative v
. In the midst of . unprecedented political
troubles we have cause of great graiitude
to God, for unusual good health and most
abundant harvests. You. will not be sur-
prised to karn that, in the peculiar .exi-
gencies of the times, oar intercourse with
foreign nations has beeu a: tended with
proi'ound solicitude, chiefly turning ' uuon
our own domestic affairs. A dis. oval por
tion of the American people have, during
the whole year, been engaged in aa at
tempt to divide and destroy the Unioa.
A nation which endures factious domes
tic division is exposed to disrespect abroad,
and one party, if not both, is sure sooner
or later to invite foreign intervention.
Nations thus tempted to interfere, are not
always able to resist the counsels of seeming-expediency
and ungenerous ambition,
although measures adopted under such in
fluences seldom fail to be unfortunate and
injurious to those adopting them.
The disloyal citizens of the United States,
who have oifered the ruin of our country
in return for the aid and comfort which
they have invoked abroad, have received
less patronage and encouragement than
they probably expected. If it were just
to suppose, as the iusurgt nts have seemed
to ' assume, that foreigu nations, in this
ease,' discarding all moral, boii-tl an 1
treaty obligations, would act so'ely and
selfishity for the mo;t speedy restoration
of commerce, especially th acquisition of
cotton, those nations appear as yet not to
have seen their way to their object more
directly or clearly through the destruction
than through the preservation of the
Union."
If we could dare to believe that foreign
nations are actuated by no higher princi
ple than this, I am q lite sure a sound
argument could be made to show them
that they can reach their aim more readily
and easily by aiding to cra-h this rebel
lion, than by giving encouragement to it.
The principal lever relied on by the insur
gents for exciting foreign nations to hos
tility against us, as already intimated, is
the embarrassment of commerce Those
nations, however, not improbably saw
from the first, that it was the Union which
made as well our foreign as our domestic
oommerce. I hej can scarcely have fail-
d to perceive that the effort for disunion
produces the existing difficulty, and that
one strong nation promises more durable
a ..w.,...; ..,n,M..
merca than can the same nation brokeu into
hostile fragments.
It is not mv puip se
to review our discussions with, foreign
States, because, whatever might be their
wishes or dispositions, the integrity of our
country, and the stability of our Govern
ment mainly 'depended not upon them,
but on the loyalty, virtue, patriotism and
intelligence of the American people.
The correspondence itself,., with the
usual reservations, is herewith submitted.
I venture to hope it will appear that we
Lave practised prudence and liberality
towards foreign Powers, averting causes
of irritation,' and with firmness maintain
ing our, own rights and honor. - Since,
however, it is apparent that here, as in
every other State, foreign dangers neces
sarily attend domestic difficulties, 1 reco
mend that adequate and ample measures
be adopted ' for maintaining the public de
fenses on every side. While under this
general recommendation provisions for de
fending our sea-coast line occur to the
mind,T also, in the same connection, ask
the attention of Congress to our great
lakes and rivers.
! It is believed that some fortifications
and depots of arm3 and inunitious, with
harbor and navigation improvements, all
at well -selected points upon these, would
. be of great importance to the national dc
fenee and preservation.' -
I ask attention to the views of ' the Sec
retary of , War, expressed in his report
upon the same general subject. I deem it
of importance that the loyal regions of
- -
East Tennessee and Western North Caro-
lina ahould be connected with Kentucky
and other faithful parts of the Union by
railroad.
I therefore recommend, as a ' military
measure) that Congress provide for the
construction of such : road as speedily as
possible. Kentucky, no doubt," will co-
operate and, through her - Legislature, -
xnaxe.-tne. moss juutcious selection oi a
line: ".Tho northern terminus . must con
nect -with some existin railroad, and
i . .-1 . m
-whether the route shall be from LeTinrton
or Nicholasville to the Cumberland Gap,
sor from Lebanon to the Tennessee line, in
the direction 'of Knoxville, or on some 1
cittf j:it t
iv uiucrcub uiau. ft uixftc&&iiij liuc t:du
readily
be determined. Kentucky and
r.ir.rd nnrnmiT .nnoim. v,
-work can be completed in a very short
time, and, when done, it will be not only
'of vast present "usefulness, hut, also, a
yalaalle permanent . improvement, worth
its cost in all the future. - . ?
Some treaties, designed
chiefiy for the
rests" of ' commerce.
and ' havin?r no
grave political importance, have been ne
gotiatedand will be eabmittcd to the
L';tit3 for their consideration.
Although we have failed to induce
some of the commercial powers to adopt a
desirable melioration ot the risror ot a
maritime war, we have removed all ob- By mere omission, I presume, Congress them, in a more acceptable and Tntelligi
structions from" the way " of this humano has failed to provide Chaplains for hospi- b!e form, the laws which so deeply concern
reform, except such as are merely of tern- tals occupied by volunteers. This subject their interests and their duties. I am iu
porary and accidental oceurrance. j was brought to my notice, and I was in- formed by Borne, whose opinious I respect,
I invite yeur attention to the oorrespon- duced to draw up the form of a letter, one that all the acts of Congress now in force,
deuce between Her Britannic Majesty's copy of which, properly addressed,, has and of a permanent and general nature,
Minister, accredited to tins Government been delivered to each of the persons, and . might be revised and re-written, so as to
and the Secretary of State relative to the : at the dates, respectively named, stated in be embraced in one volume, or, at most, in
destination of the British ship Perthshire a schedule containing also the form of the two volumes, of ordinary and coujUiertia.1
in June last, by the United States steam- letter (letter marked A,) and herewith size, and 1 respcctiully recommend to
er Massachusetts,' for. a supposed breach transmitted. . '" . ! Congress to con-idor ou tho subject, and
of the blockade. As this detention was j The gentlemen I understood entered ; if my -uggettion be approved, to devise
occasioned by an obvious misapprehension ;
of the facts, and as justice requires that
we should commit no belligerent act not
founded in strict right as sanctioned by
public law, I recommend that an appro
priatiou be made to satisfy the.reasouable
demand of the owners of the vessel for her
detention.
I repeat the recommendation of my pre-
decessor, in his Annual Message to Con-
gress, in December last, in regard to the
disposition of the surplus which will prob-
abl.v remain after satisfying the claims of
Vmcrican citizens agaiut China, pursuant
to the awards of the Commisoioner3 under
the act of the 3d of March, lbol).
If, however, it should not be deemed
advisable to carry that recommendation
into cifect, I would suggest that authority
be given investigating the principal of the
surplus referred to in good securities, with
a view to the satisfaction of such other
jut claims of our citizens against China
as are not unlikely to arise hereafter in
the course of our extensivs trade with
that empire.
By the act of the 5th of August last,
Congress authorized he President to in
struct the Commanders of suitable vessels
to defend themselves against and capture
pirates. This authority has been exer
cised in a tingle instance only. For the
more effectual protection of our extensive
aud valuable commerce in the Eastern
seas especially, it seems to me that it
would also be advisable to authorize the
comuiandtrs of-sailing vessels to recapture
any prizes .which pirates may make of
Unite 1 ttatos vessels and their cargoes,
and the Consular Courts" now estauli hed
by law in Eastern cuutries to adjudicate
the cases, iu th-j event that this should not
be objected to by the local authorities.
If any good reason exists why we
should persevere longer in withholding
our recognition of the independence aud
sovereignty of Ilavti, I am unable to dis
cover it. Unwilling, however, to inaugu
rate a novel policy iu regard to them with
out the approbation of Congress, 1 submit
for vour consideration the expediency of
an
l appropriation tor matntsuuiug a Charge
Affaires near each of those new States ;
d
it does not admit of a.doubt that important
commercial advantages might be secured
by favorable treaties with them.
lhe operations of the lreasury during
tne Per,oa wmcu na eiapscu since your
., I , 1
adjournment, have been conducted with
61SQal success. The patriotism of the
Pe0Ple has Place? at the -pow of hf
Government, the large means demanded
bv the uublie exijreucies Much of the
National Loan has been taken by citixens
ol kue muunrui classes, iruw cuimucuw:
tl . A - ..1. .....I I AM.rai.
iu tucir ouuLry a laiuu auu &cai, mi iut
coutitry's deliverance from the present
peril have induced them to contribute to
the support of the Government the whole
of their limited acquisitions. This fact
imposes peculiar obligations upon us to
ecouomy in disbursement and
action.
cnergv in
lhe revenues from all sources.including ;
loans for the financial year, endiug ou tho
3Uth of June 1661, was 860,35, y(t 27,
and the expenditures for the same period,
including payments ou account of the pub- j
lie debt, were S4,578,634 37, leaving a;
balance iu the Treasury, on the 1st" of Ju- ,
. ly, of 2,252,035 Bu. For the first quar- t
terofthe financial -'year,' endiug ou the j
30th of September, ld61,the receipts from J
1 ,t of Jl v. wprn SI 02.532.509 27. and
- t w 1 -7
LU. .AL.ftft. V"Sf,.w,. J .
balance on the 1st of October. 1661. of
4,192,776 18,
Estimates for the remaining three quar
ters of the year, and for the financial year
of 1S63, together with his views of ways
aud means for meetiug the demands con
templated by them will be submitted to
Congress by the Secretary of the Treas
ury. It is gratifying to know fhat the expen
ditures made necessary by the rebellion,
are not beyond the resources of the loyal
people, and to believe that the same patri
otis in which has thus far sustained the
Government will continue to sustain it till
Peace and union sna11 aSaiQ blea tUe ltud-
respeciiuiiy reier io me report oi me
Secretary of War for iu;ormation respect
ing the numerical strength of the army
and for recommendations, having in view
an iucrease of its efficiency and the well
being of the various brauehes of the ser
V1'ce entrusted to his car. It is gratify
ing to know that the patriotism of the peo
ple has proved equal to the occasion, and
that the number of troops tendered great-
rlj exceeds the force which
Con -nress
au-
thonzed me to call into tbe held.
1 refer pleasure to those portions
of hw rePott hich niake allusion to the
credible dearee of discin ine alreadv at
o i -
taoed by our troops ana to ine excellent
sanitarv condition of the entire army.
- The recommendation of the . becretary
r an organization of the militia upon a
uniform basis, is a subject of vital impor-
t&nce to the future safety of the country,
and is commended to the serioiu attention
of Co o cress. . .
The large addition to regular army.' may consbt, with tha fullness anl precis
in connection with the ; defection that has jon of the Legislature and the pirspicuity
bo considerably diminished the iiumber of,- 0f its language. - This, well dom , would,I
its c Ulcers, give3 peculi tr importance to think, greatly facilitate tha labor t of those
his recommendation for increasing the
corps of Cadets to the greatest capacity of
the Military Academ v.
auht:i:x j -
upon the duties designated at the times re-
spectively stated in the. schedule and have j
J labored laithfully ' there ever since. I '
therefore recommend that they be compen- j One of the unavoidable consequences of
sated at the same rate as Chaplains in the the presseut insurrection is the entire sup
Army, further suggesting that general. pro- pression in many places of all the ordinary
vision be made for Chaplains to serve at means of aduiiuistcriug- civil justice by the
Hospitals as well as with regiments. The
report of the Secretary of the Navy pre
sents in detail he operations of thaw branch l
oi tue service, tne activity and euergy
which have characterized its administra
tion and the results of the measures to in
crease its efficiency and power.
Such have been the additions by con
struction and purchase, that it may almost
be said a Navy has been created and
brought into service since our difficulties
commenced. Besides blockading our ex
tensive coast, squadrons larger than ever
before assembled under our flag, have
been put afloat and performed deeds which
have increased our naval renown.
I would invite special attention to the
recommendations of the Secretary for a
more perfect organization of the Navy, by
introducing additional grade3 in the ser
vice. The present organization is defect
ive and unsatisfactory, aud the suggestions
submitted by the Department will, it is be
lieved, if adopted, obviate the difficulties
alluded to, promote harmony and increase
the efficiency of the Navy.
There are three vacancies on the bench
of the Supreme Court; two by the decease
of Justices Daniel and McLean, and one
by the resignation of Justice Campbill.
I have so far forborne making nominations
to till these vacancies tor reasons which 1 parts of the insurgent atates and lerrito
will now state : Two of the outgoing Judges ries as may be under the control of this
re.-ided within the States now overrun by
revolt, so that if their successors were ap- turn to allegiance and order, or by the t It is believed that upon the repossession
pointed iu the same localities, they could . power of our arms. Jt of the country by the Federal forces the
not now serve upon their circuit, aud ma- ; This, however, is not to be a permanent Indians will readi y cease all hostile da
i y of the most competeut men there proba- institution, but a temporary institute, aud monstration, aud resume their former re
bly would not take the personal hazard of to cease as soon as the ordinary Courts can latious to the Government,
accepting to serve, even here, upon the be re established in peace. It is impor-j Agriculture, confessedly the largest in
Supreme Bench. I have been unwilling tant that some more convenient m am terest of the nation, hns not a department
to throw all the appointments Northward, shall be provided, it possible for the ad
thus wisab.ine mvst-lf from doiuir justice to iustment of claims agaiust the Cov
the South ou the return ot peace, although
my remark that to transfer to the North
orie wuich has heretofore been in the South
would not, with reference to territory aud
DODuiation. be unjust
During the long and brilliant judicial
career oi Judge iUCLiean, nis circuit grew
into an empire altogether too large for
any one Judge to give the Courts therein
more than a nominal attendance, rising in
population from 1,470,010 in ls30, to
6,151,405 in 1860. Besides this, the
nnuntrv crenerallv has outgrown our pres-
entiudicial system. If uniformity was at all
-J O- y o
intended, tne system requires mat an me
States Shall De accOHiniOUaiea WUU Vyirc'uli
.-. , 1 . 1 '1 1
VJourLs aiLcUUCU UV O' urcuic o uui;eD,vr uiiv
ia fact. WUcousiu M,L,.otft1lo'.a.Kan-
fV.nrn arwndp.d bv s Dreme J udrcs.while
sas, Florida, Texas, California aad Ore
gon have never had any such Courts-
Nor can this well be remedied, without
a change of tbe hystein, because the add
ing of Judges to the Supreme Court euough
for the accommodating of all parts of the
couutry with Circuit Courts, would create
a Court altogether too numerous for a ju
dicial body of any sort. Aud the evil,ifit
jjc one, will increase as new States come
jnt0 tue Union. Circuit Courts are Useful
or tuov are not useful. If useful, no State
6hould be denied them. If not ucful, mo
fctate should have them. Let them be
provided for all, or abolished by all.
I Thre modifications occur to e, either ;
. ,..r,., ill
I of which I think would be an improve-
,
meut P o
present system. Let the
Supreme Uourt be ot convenient number
in any event, rhen, first, let the whole
country be divided into circuits of convtn-
a number of them corresponing t their
own number, and independent Circuit
Judges be provided for all the rest ; or,
secondly, let the Supreme Judges be re-
lieved from Circuit duties, and Circuit
Judges provided for all the Circuits ; or, (
thirdly, dispense with the Circuit Courts ;
altogether, leaving the Judicial functions j
whollv to the District Court and an inde-
pendent Supreme Court.
I respectfully recommend fo the con
sideration of Congress the present condi
tion of the Statute Laws, with the hope
that Congress will be able to fiml an easy
remedy lor many of the inconveniences
and evils which constantly embarrass those
engaged in the practical administration of
them. Since the organization of Govern
ment, Congress has enacted some five
thousand actsand joint resolutions .which fill
more thau six thousand closely printed pa
ges, and are scattered through uany vol
umes. Many of these act3 have been drawn in
haste and without sufficient cioition, so
that their provisions are often obscure in
themselves, or in connici witn earn oiner ;
or at least, bo doubttul as to renaer it
very difficult for even the best informed
per8on ,to ascertain precisely"; what the
j gtatute law really is. It seems t me very
. important that the statute laws saould be
1 made as plain and intelligible as possible,
and le reduced to as small a co;npass
as
whose duty it is to assist in the adniinis -
tration of the laws, and would be alas ing
; t f . . . i , , , .
benefit to the neonl bv Tdif.nr lfY,
auch plau a to their wisdom shall seem
moot proper for the attainment of the end
proposed.
ofheers in the form of existing law. This
is the case in whole or in part in all the
insurgent States and as our armies ad
vance and take possession of parts of those
states the practical evil becomes more ap
parent There are no courts nor officers
to whom the citizens of other States may
apply for the enforcement of their lawful
claims against citizens of the insurgent
States, and there is a vat amount of debt
constituting such claims ; home have esti
mated it as high as $200,000,000. due in
large part from iusurgeuts iu open rebel
lion to loyal citizens who are even now
making great sacrifices iu the discharge of
their patriotic duty to support the Govern
ment. Under these circumstances, I have
beeu urgently solicited to establish, by
military power, courts to administer sum
mary justice, in such cases. I have thus
far declined to do it, not because I had
any doubt that the end propo-ed - the col
lection of the debts- was just and right iu
itself, but "ecaue I have been unwilling
to go beyond the pressure of necessity in
the unusual exercise of power. But the
powers of Cougress, I suppose, are equal
to the anom ilous occasion, and, therefore,
I refer the whole matter to Congr ss, with
', the hope that a plan may be devised for
the administration of justice in all such
Government, whether by a voluntary re-
eminent, especially in view of their
in
creased number, by reasou of the war. It
is as much the duty of Government to ren
der prompt justice against itself iu favor
' of citizens, as it is to administer the same
between private individuals. I he investi-
gallon auu aujuaicauou oi ciaims in mar
nature belong to the judicial department,
Besides, it is apparent that the attention
of Congress will be more thau usually eu
gaged for some time to come with great
national questions. It was intended by
the organization of the Court of Claims
... ,
mainly to remove this branch of business
iroiu me nans oi juugress , uui nunc iuc
Jours uas proveu 10 uc au euet.ive auu
1 ftl. I ft I - U ..... ... 4
valuable means ot investigation, it, in a
v diuauiu uiuaua u iftiivoi.iftiifti.iuii, ii, w
great degr.e, fail, to ., tbo object ofit,
creation for want of the power to make its
judgments final. Fully aware of the deli- ' that the efforts which hive beeu made for
cacy, not to say the danger of the sulj ct, ! the suppression of this inhuman trafic have
I commend to your carelul consideration ' been reoeutly attended with unusual suc
whelber this power of m iking judgments : ce-.
final may not properly be invcu to the
Court; reserving the riht of appeal on
questions of law to the Supreme Court,
with such other provisions as expericuce
may have shown to be necessary,
I ask attention to the report of the
Postmaster General, the following being
a summary statement of the condition
the Department : The revenue irom
all
' sources during the fiscal year ending June
30, lb61, including the annual permaueut
1 . a-?ini imii i t
niiuiuuiidiiuu ui jiwu.ui'w ii i. in no-
'iT . ninttam 5!J
K(lf. , , , . ..... tn i. '
thau he reycue fo ,b6j Thu tx lidi.
ture3 wfiM - u 6U6 ?5y j u Showil r a
, decrease of moru tLau y ceut. a, c0lI.
pared with those of tke previous year, and
leaving an excess of expenditures over the
revenue for the last fiscal year of 34,0.:37,-
4b.7y. lhe gross revenue tor the year
euijing June 30. 1k-1, is estimated at an
increase of four per cent, on that of l ?bl,
making d,0S3,000, to which should be
added the eamingi ot the D.par'ment in
carrying free matter, via : $U0,()00, ma-
kiug SU.3rjJ,000,
The total expenditures for 1603 are es
timated at 8l2,52r, 000, leaving au esti
mated deficiency of S3,i45,U0U to be sup
plied from the Treasury, m the permanent
appropriation
The present insurrection shows, I thiak,
that the extension of this I istritt across
the I'otomac river at the time of estab
lishing the Capitol here, .was emineutly
wise, and, consequently, that the relin
quishment of that portion of it which lies
withiu the tate of Virginia was unwise
and dangerous. I submit for your con
sideration the expediency of acquiring that
part of the District and the restoration of
the origional boundaries thereof, through
negotiation with the State of yirginia.
The report of the Secretary of the in
terior, with the accompanying documents,
exhibits the condition of the several bran
chw3 of the public business pertaiuing to
that Department. The depressive influen
ces of the insurrection have been espec- j
ially felt in the operations of the Patent
and General Land Offices
: - The cash receipts from the sale of pub-
lie lands during the past year have ex
ceeded tho expenses of our land system on- i
, . i . rmriA aaa rut 1 - - 1 1.
IV anout iivu.vi".f, j,ef-v'p,,o-?--
1 entirely suspended in the Southern States,
while the interruption of the business of
t . , . .. .
tne country, ana the diversion ot large
nunbers of men to' militarv service have
obstrucied settlements in the new States
and Territories of the Northwest.
The receipts of the Patent Office have
declined iu nine mouths about 8100,000,
rendering a large reduction of the force
employed necessary to make it self-sustaining.
The demands upon tho Pension office
will be largely increased by the insurrec
tion. Numerous applicctions for pensions,
based upon the causalties of the existing
war, have already been made. There is
reason to believe that many who are now
upou the pension roll, and in the receipt
of the bounty of the Government, are in
the insurgent army, or giving them aid
aud comfort. The Secretary of the Inte
rior has directed a suspension of the pay
ment of the pensions of such persOus,upon
proof of their disloyalty.
1 recommend, that Congress authorize
that officer to cause the names of such per
sons to be ktricken from the pension rolls.
The relations of the Government with
the Indian tribes have beeu greatly dis
turbrd by the insurrection, especially in
the Southern Superintc udeney aud in that
of New Mexico. I he Indian country
south of Kansas is in the pos-eHsiou of the
insurgcut- from Texas and Aikausas.
The ag nts of the United Mates Gov
ernmeut apnoiuted since the 4th of .March,
lor this bupcrintcudeuey, have been enable
to reach tbi ir coasts, while the most of
those who were iu oflice before that time,
have espoused the insurrectionary cause
aud assume to exercise the powors of agents
by virtue of commissions from the insurrectionist-.
It has been stated in the public press
that a portion of these Indians have been
organized as a military force and re at
tached to the army of the in-urgents. Al
though the Government has no official in
formation upon this subject, letters have
been written to the Coumiis-ioner of In
dian Affairs by several prominent Chiefs,
giving assurance of their loyalty to the
United States and expressing a wi-h for
the presence of Federal troops to protect
, them
nor a bureau, but a clerk.-b.ip only assigned
to it in the Government. While it is for
tunate that this groat interest is so inde
pendent in its nature as to not have de
manded and extorted more from the Gov
ernment, I respectfully ask Congress to
consider whether somtthinz more cannot
; be given voluntarily with general advau
, tagc
Annual reports, exhibiting the condition
of our agriculture, commerce aud manu
facture, would present a fuud of informa
tion of great practical value to the country.
While I make no suggestion to details, I
veti'ure the opinion that an agricultural
and statistical bureau might profitably be
organiz'.'d.
The execution of the laws for the sup
of the African slave trade has
, uicssiuu ui iuo aiiivju oijic nam, ue3
, L nriM to ,b, .IH-.. of tbe
pressiou
j Interior. It is a subject of gtatulation
rive vessels being htted out lor the slave
trade have beeu seized and condemned.
Two mates of vessels eiiaed in the trade
and one person engaged iu equipping a
slavtr have beeu committed, and subjected
; to thepeiia ty of fine and imprisonment ;
' aud one captain, taken with a caro of
of i Africans on board his vessel, has been
t convicted of the highest grade of offence
j uuder our laws, the punishment of
which
, u death
The Territories of Colorado, Pakotah,
aud Nevada, created by the la-t Congress
have been orgauuid, and civil aiiuiiuistra
tion has been inaugurated therein under
aii-pices especially gratifyiug, wh n it is
considered that the leaven of tr asou was
found existing iu some of these lcW cun-
tries
i there
when the Federal officers arrived
The abundant maratime resources
of the.-e territories, with the security and.'
protection afforded by au organized gov- j
eminent, will doubtless invite to them a
large immigration when peace shall restore
; the business of the country to
its accus
resolutions j tomed channels. I submit the
of the L-gisUture of Colorado, which
evid nee the patriotic spirit of the people
of the territory
So far the authority of the United States
... .. m
has been upheld in all the Territories, as
it is hoped it will be in the future. I
commend their interests and defence to the ';
I enlightened and eeuerous care of Congress. '.
,i o a i
I recommend to the favorable consider
ation ol Congress the interests ol tne Dis
trict ot Columbia. The ii.surrection has
teen the cati-e cil much suffering and sac
rifice to its inhabitants, and a they hare no
Representative in Cuimress, that ihey idiould
not overlook their ju-t chums upon the Gov
ernment At your late ess'iou. a joint resolution was
adopted, authorizing the President to lake
measures for faciiitatini; a proper represen
tation ot lhe indn-trial interests of the Uni
ted Stalest at the Kvhihition of the Ir.dusiry
of all Nai ons, to be holden at Loudon, in
lhe year l62.
I regret to say 1 have been unable to cive
personal attention to this subject a subject
at once so interesting in iteli, and t-a ex
teiisively and intimately connected with the
material pro-perity of me world. Through the
Secretaries o! Siate and of the Interior.a plan
or system has been devised and parily ma
tured, and which wilt be laid before you.
Under and by virtue of the act of Con-
used for insurrectionary purposes," approv
ed August 6th, 1861, tire legal claims of
certain persons to the labor atid service of
certain other person have become forleited
and numbers of lhe latter thus libented, are
a I re .uly dependent on tue United iSlates.aud
must Le provided for in some way. Be
sides this, it is not impossible that some of
the Slate will pass similar enacirnenla for
their own benefit respectively, and by op
era'ion ol which person ot the same clas
will be thrown upon ihem for disposal. In
Midi Cbsen 1 recommend inai congress i loirunaie circumstance mai neiuier iu uuuu
provide for accepting such persons Irom cil or coantry was there, sO far as I know,
such Mates, according to some mode of val- any difference of opinion as td the proper
uaiion in hen pio tanlo of direct taxes, or peron lo be selected. The retiring Chief
upon some oilier plan to bo agreed upon, I repeatedly expressed his judgement in fan
witfi Mich S ales respectively thai such per- j vor of General McClellan tor the position,
so'io or such accepiences by the General ' and in this the nation seemed to give a
Government be at once deemed free and unanimous concurrence, lhe designation
ti at, in any event, sieps be taken lor colon- j of General McClellau if, therefore, iu a con
izing bom classes (or the one first mention- j eiderable degree the selection of the coun
cil, it the other shall no: be brought into ex- try as well a of the Executive, and- hence,
leieuce.) at some place or place in a cb- there is better reason to hope that there will
male congenial to them. It might be well j be given him the confidence and cordial
to consider too, w hether the tree colored 1 support thns, by fair implication, promised
people already iu the United Stales, could j and without which he cannot, with so fall
not so Ur a- individuals may desire, be iu- j efficiency, serve the country. It has been,
eluded in such colonization. j said that one bad general is belter than
lo carry out the pian of cuiouizatim may j two good ones, and the saying is true if tan
invo'.e the acquiring of teriitoTy, and, also, ken to mean no more than that oar army hi
ihe appropriation ot money beyor.d thai to beuer directed by a tingle mind, though ia
be expended in the terriional acquisition. J ferior thau by two superior ones at variance
lUvuiij practiced Tho acquisition ol territory ' and cross purposes with each other. And
lor nearly sixty years, the question of the i the same is true in ad joint operations, where
constiiuiional rower in do so is no longer j
a:i opon one with us lhe p.iwer was
questioned a. lirt by Mr Jkffkk-on, who.
however, in the purchase ot Louisiana,
yielded his scruples on the plea of great
expediency.
If n be sai l thai the only legitimate effect
! of acuuirn. territory is to turuisii homes
tor w Jnie men, tins measure etlrfet m il oo
ieci, for the emigration ol colored men
leaves additional room tor white men re
rn lining or cornnist here Mr. Jkffehs n,
however, placed lhe importance of procu
ring Louisiana more o.-i political arid corn
mercial grounds ihau on providing room lor
population.
On Ins whole proposition, including the
' appropriation ol money wtia the acquisi
i lion ot territory, does nt the etped.ency
j amount to ausolut; necessity, thai without
,' which lhe Guernrneii' iiseit cannot be per-
pe uated it the war continues ?
i Iu coinider iii the policy to be adopted
for suppressing the insurrection, I have
been anxio is and carelul that the mevilaoie
conllic lor lfiii purpose shall not degener
ate into a v.o eui aud remor-elens revlu
' t onary i-imle. I have therefore, in every
c ite lhoii-hi it proper to keep the irregri y J
, oi tne Liiioii prominent, as tne primary oa
jet ol ili contest o;i our part, leaving ail
question wlner, are not ot vital military
iiiip'inance (o lhe more deliberate action of
lhe Lejii-laiur..
. In iti. exerci-e of my best discretion 1
! have adhered to lhe blockade ot the polls
held by lhe insurgents, instead of p itting
in lorce, by prociamauou. the law ot Con
gress en.i. tcl at ihe late session tor closiiia
those ports. r3.,also,'t)ey it-js tne dic;a..is of
pruuence as well a- the obligations ol ia-v,
instead of transcending, 1 have adhered lo
the act of Congress to contiscaio property
U-ed for in-uriectioiiary purpues. It a
new law upon the sa ne subject shall be
proposed us propriety will be du.y cousid
e;ed.
The Union must be preserved, and hence
all ind.epeiisanle means must be employed.
We should not be in haste to determine
that radical and extreme measure-, which
may reacn the loyal as wed as lhe disloyal,
are indispensable
1 he inaugural address at the beginning
of the Administration, and the message lo
Conresi, a; uie laie special sesiou, were
boili mainly Uevoied lo Ui domes'ie con
troversy out ol which lhe insurrection and
consequent war tiavo spruna. ioimri
more occurs to add or subtract lo or trorn the
Z STZT T " "l.
e.pres-ed in thai document. I ne last ray
; iipe lor preserving ttie U:uon paceaDly
expired at tni assault upon Ken Sumter,
a. id a yenerai review of wt.at has occurred
sl ice tii) not be tin protiiaoie
vVn.u as .,u:i'i.i. j uncertain then is
mucti beuer ilehned and more d i-tincl now,
and ttie progress in t-vai- i p aiuly in ttie
tiitil direetio i. The instireiit- cnniiuentiy
cltirneda stroiiii support Irom Norm of Ala
so i aiul 1 i o ri s lit. e. and the I le ids ot the
L'inon were r.ot Iree irotu appri'tiension on
In. it paint. Tnis, however, was aoon ae tied 1
deiirmely and o i the riht eide j
Soutu ol ttie line noo n Imie De'aware led
otf nhi irom lhe first M iry land was rnde 1
to seem aainsl ttie Union Our soldi.-rs j
Wf re a-sauiied, bridges were burned and:
ra iioa.!- torn up witnin her limits, and we
wt-re many days at one !ime viihoul the
ability to brn. a single regiin-nt over her
s il to :fie capi.al. Now her bridges and
railroads are re pared and oen to the Gov
rneni. 5t e already ivts seven teuiuieuts
to tne Crtii-e ol i he Union and no ie to ihe
enemy, and tier p-ople, at a r-gular elec
tion, have sustained the Union ny a larger (
Minority a d a larger aiega.e vote than
t .ey ever betore gave lo any candidate ou ;
any question.
Kentucky too. for some lime in doubt, is '
now decidedly and I think ur.chaueably
irtU-'ed mi the side of the Union. Missouri
is com, ara ivly quiet, and I be!iev9 cau- .
not ag uii 1-e overrun by the insurrectionists, j
Tht s- nri-e S;aies ol Marj laud, Kentucky j
aud Missouri, neti er ol wnich would prom- !
i-e a siale soldier at tirst, .have now an i
a4. rebate oi no les- than tony thousand in (
tne beld lor me Union, wni-e oi ineir cu-
iz-ns cerninly not more man a third ot that
j......i... i.i vi .i..i Kt l.,l lolkrMlinnlfiT
iiiin-.br and they ol doubtful whereabouts
a ;d doubttul existence, are in arms against j
it Afier a somewhat oloody struggle o'
A . It :
mon lis, winter closes on me union peo.e
ot U'es ern Virginia, leaving them masters
of their own country.
An insurgent force ol aboat fifteen hun-
' dred for months dominating he narrow peu
' insular region of the counties oi Accomac
; and Northampton and known as the Easi
i em shor ol Virginia, together wuti some
conni;. ous parts ot Mrlaiid have laid
j down the i arms, and the people there have
t renewed their allegiance to ar.d accepted
tne protection ol lhe old tta mis leaves
no ruied insurreciionists N-rth ol the l'o-
tomac or Lasi ot the Chesep'-ake
Also, we have olitaitied a tooting at eacn
of lhe isolated points on ihe southern coasi
of Haitera.-, Pori lloyai, lybee Island near
Sanannah.and Mnp Island.and we likewise
hae some general accounts ol popular
movements in pehad of tbe Union in North
Carolina and Tennessee. Tiese things
demonstrate that the cause of Uie Union is
advancing steadily southward.
Since your last adjournment, Lieut.-Gen
e'.al Scoti has retired Irom the head of the
calling to mind, how faithfully, ably add
bri.Iunnv he has served hifc country for a
time fir back in our history, when few of
the now living had been born, and thence
forward continually, I cannot but think ws
are still his debtors. 1 submit, lherelore,for
your consideration, what further mark of
recognition is due to him aud io ourselves
as a grateul people. '
Wi'.h be retirement of General Scott cams
the Executive duty of appointing in nil stead
a General in -chief of the army. It was ft
in those enaijed can have none but a com
mon end in viw, aud cau differ only as to
the choice of means.
In a siorra at ea, no one on board can
wish lhe ship to sink, and yet not .onfre
qiieutly all go down together, because too
many will direct and no single mind can be
a. lowed to control.
It coi.iinues lo develop that lhe insurreo
'.ion is larcy if not excluively,a war upon
the first principles of popular government
tne rights ot the people. Conclusive evi
dence ot this is found iu the most grave and
maturely considered public documents, aa
well as in the general lone of the insol
vents. In these documents we find the ack'nowl
edemeni of the existing right of suffrage,
and the d-nial to the people of all right to
participate in lhe selection of public officers
except lhe Legislative, boldly advocated,
wuh labored arguments to prove that a larga
control oi the people in Government is tho
source of all political evil.
Monarchy itselt is sometimes hinted at aa
a po.ible reluge from the power of tha
peopie
In' mv breent position I could scarcely
be instilled were 1 to omit
raising a warn-
in.: voice against tnis approacn oi reiutu
in despotism It is noi needed nor filling
heie that a general argument should b&
made m favor of popular institutions. :
Bul.there is one point with its connections,
not so hackneyed as most others, to which
I Hsk a brief attention. It is the efiort to
pl.tce capital on an equal footing with, if
not above, labor, iu lhe structure of tho
Government.
It is assumed that labor is available only
in conneciiuii with capital trial uobody la
bors unless somebody else owning capital,
somenow by the use of it, inuuees him to
labor. This assumed, it is next considered
whether it is best tu-t capital shall hire laborer-.,
aud thus .induce them to work By
their own consent, or buy ihem aud drive
them to it without tiieir consent.
Having proceeded so iar, it is naturally
concluded that all laborers are either hired
laborers or what we call slaves And fur
ther, it is assumedjhat whoever is oace a
hired laborer Is fixed in that condition lor
life. Now here is no such reUtion between
cauital and labor, as assumed, nor is there
. i -
an v
such ihiui as a iree man oeing nxeu.
for life iu :he condition of a hired laborer.
Both these assumptions are false.and all in-
tarhireiiees Irom them are groundless. La-
Dor ls prior lo atlvl independent of capital.
, - - .
MW.'ffi'iSU'Sf.
isted. Labor is the super. or of capital, and
deserves much the higner consideration.
Capital has its rights, which are as worthy
ot protection as any other rights. Nor is it
denied that there is anJ probably always
will be a relnion between capital and labor
producing mutual benefits. The error is in
assumini lhal the whole labor of the com
"inuuny exists within that relation.
A tew men own capital, and that few
avoid labor themselves, and with their cap
ital hire or buy another few to labor lot
them. A lare majority belong to neither
class nei.her work tor otners nor have oth
ers working tor them.
In most of the Southern Slates a majority
of ine whole peopie. oT all coloas.are neither
sUves nor masters, while in the Northern a
lare majority are neither hirers nor hired.
Attain, as has a'read? been said, there is,
not, oi nece-sity, any such thing as the)
tree hired laborer being fixed to that con
dition lor life. Many independent menj
everywhere in these State, a few years
back in their lives were hired laborers.
The prudent, peniless beginner in the)
world, labors for wages awhile, saves a sur
plus with which to buy tools or land for
himself, than labors on his own account
another while and at length hires another
ue beginner to help him.
This is the just and generous and prosper
ous system which opens the way to all
eives'hope to all. and consequently energy
and progress and improvement of tha
condition ol all.
No men livina are more worthy to be
nvnr nave exisieu 11 laoot usu uui uiat o.-
truted than those who toil np from poverty
noe e9, ,cIined to take or touch aught
. . .,. -. I . f rft.
which thy have not hone-tly earned. Let
them beware of surrendering a political
power whicM thy already posess, and
which, if surrendered, will sorly be used
to close the door of advancement against
sjch as they, and to fix new disabilities and
burdens upon them till all of liberty .shall
be lo-t.
From the firt taking of our National
Censu d the last are seventy years,
and we find our population at the end of tha
period eight times as great as it wa at the
Tln increase of those other things which,
me deem desirable has been greater.
We hu have at one view what the pop
ular principle appbed to Government-
ih.ron.ih the machinery of the Slates and the
Union has produced in a given time, and
aUo what, if firmly maintained, it promises
for ihe future.
There are already among n tboe who,
iTthe Union be prrvpd, will live to see)
it contain two hundred and fifty millions.
Th slrii22le of to-day is not altogether for
to day. it is for a vast future also. With a
reliance on Providfnse nil the more firut
and earnest, let ns proceed in the great task;
which event have devolved npon o-