Truth and Rigbt -God and our Country
Two Dollars per Annnia.
VOLUME 13.
BLOOMSBURG. COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY JULY 3, 1861.
NUMBER 26.
IF, ii. JACOBF, Proprietor.;
OP TIT r? Mnf?TFT I
s . i
W. fl. JiUOBY,
emceon EttiIIM.,lfa&qnar8 oelOW m arset, -
v TERMS: Two Dollars per annum it paid their masters. lathers found in thio area
within si months from the time of siibscri- BOn for di88oIuiion of the Union'?
bine: two dollars, and fifty cents ii not paid ,. . , - ,- . . ,
within the year. No subscription taken for I a1 lh slaTe S,ate ar.9 nt)l "cognized
"a less period than, six months; no discon- J as equal in the Confederacy, has, for sever
'tinuaoces permitted until all arrearages are al years, been the cry' of demagogues and
paid, unless at "the option of the editor. ' ' j conspirators. But what is the truth Not
Ike terms of advertising tout be as follows:' '. , ... .. u ... . i
'One square; twelve line!, three times, $1 00 ' 0lil' "cording to the theory, but the actual
"C .. I '. . . : nrufiir nf thn fin worn mnul . lhrt jilaVA State
liiciy buuscuciu luseitiuu, . ...... i9 .
tOne square, three mouths, 3 00
One year, . .' . ..... 8 Oo
t . i
UFCRt THE GLORIOUS BiXXEB.
, . ... - '
Unfurl the slorioos banner, ;
Let it sway upon the breeze, ..
The emblem of onr country's pride,
On land and on seas
The emblem of our liberty,
. Borne proudly in the war,
The hope of everr freeman
The gleaming Stripes and Stars.
The glorious band of patriots,
- Who eave the Flag, it's birth;
Have writ with steel in history, '
The record nl it; worth ;
From East to West, from sea to sea,
. From pole to tropic sun. ,
Will eye crow breh,t. and hearty throb high.
At the name of WXSFUNGTON.
Ah, proudly shou'd we beat if,
, And euard thi flasr.rd onrs,
Borne bravely in its infancy,
Amid the darker hours !
Only the brave may beat it,
, A guardian it shall be.
For those wbo well have won,
, The right to boast of liberty.
. Ex-Seerelarj Dolt on Secession Conspiracy.
DUTY OP'kFJtTlirKY.TO SUPPORT
'I UEGOVF.ltNMENT.
xektu'KY's nkctralttt. . I
The Legislature, ' seems, has determined
ty resolution that the Mate. pending the pre
ent unhappy war, shall occupy neutral
ground I must say. in all ' frankness, and
without desiring to reflect upon t the course
'or sentiments of any, that, in this straggle
for the existence of our Government, f can
'neither practice nor profess, nor feel neu
trality.' I would as soon think of being
neutral in a contest between an officer of i
justice and an incendiary arrested: in the
attempt to fire the dwelling over my head;
for the Government whose overthrow is
nought, is for me the f-helter not only , of
home, kindrec and friends, but ot every
i,;k i , i om i
on this side of the era ve. If, however, , CJ th new Republic, that is all. Alas,
'rroro a natural horror of fratricidal strife, or ! forjlhat dream of the- Presidency of
from intimate, social and business reUtions Soitthern Republic which has disturbed
With the Soutb, Kentucky shall determine manT P':low in tn South, aud perhaps,
to maintain the neutral attitude assumed ' 'e ia tLe w8t ,?0 and whoe lurid
Ior her by her LejfisUture, ber position will , ght like a demon 's torch, is leading a na
'Mill be an honorable one, ihonah falling , 'n to perdition I The 'clamor that is in-
hort of that full meagre of lovalty which
her history has so constantly illustrated.-
Iler F.xecmive ignoring as l am happy to '
believe alike the popular and legislative violated, should not receive a mo
sentiments of ih State, has, by ' proclama- ment's -consideration. Popular government
lion, forbidden the Government of the Uni-1 do8 indeed, rest upon the consent of the
ted States from marching troops across her !
territory. This is in no sense a nentral step !
bot one of aggressive hostility. The troops
of the Federal Government hare as clear a j
constitutional right to pass over the soil of !
Kentnckv as ther have to march along the i
j j ,
meet of Washington and could ibis pro-J
hibition be effective, it would not only be a j
violation of the fundamental law", but would
in all its tendencies, be directly in advance
ment of the revolution, and. might, in an
'emergency easily imagined compromise
the highest national interests. I was re
joiced that the Legislature 60 promptly re
fused to endorse this proclamation as ex
pressive ot the true policy of .-.the State
Bat I torn away from even this to the bal
lot box, and find an abundant consolation
in the conviction it inspires, that the popu
lar heart of Kentucky, in its devotion to the
Unino is far in advance alike of legislative
resolve and Executive proclamation.
'" 1HC CPJtCT Or THS B VOLUTION.
'The object of the revolution as avowed
by all who are pressing it forward, is the'
permanent dismemberment of the Confed
eracy. The dream of reconstruction used
'during the last winter as a lure to draw the ;
hesUatingof the hopeful into the movement
has been formally abandoned. If Ken
tucky separate herself from .the .Union, it
Vnnst be upon the basis that the separation,
is to be final and eternal. Is there aught
in the organization or administration ot the
United States to justify, on; her part, an ict
fco solerrn and so perilous? Could' the
wisest of her layer if called upon,' find
inaierial for her indictment in any or in' all
the pages of the history of the Republic?
Coa'd the most leprous lipped of its calum
niators point to a single State or Terriory
bV community or citizen that it has wrong
ed cr oppressed J It would be impossible.
TB (LAVS STATES ALWAYS PROTECTED BTTHK
' . COKSTITOTIOK, ' ' '
So far as the Slave States are concerned
their protection has been complete; and if
it has not-been, it haa tfe'eji the fault of
thVir statesmen, who have had the 'control
'cf tha Government "since its foundation.
TLs' ceases returns show, that during the
year iSiO the Fo&itive Slave law was eie
cnteJ more faithfully aod successfully than
it had lean during tha preceding ten years.
lnca tie installation 'of President Lincoln,
jouaii has arisen in which the fcgitive
een
returned, and that, too, ws'.a-
cut :
iy opposition freni the people. In-'
li.3 fidelity wi:h which it warcnJe'r -
mini8lratl0n lo enforce the provisions of
this law has caused a perfect panic among
the runaway slaves in the free States, and
they have been 'escaping in multitudes to
Canada unpursued and , unreclaimed by
- ,
have ever been and still are, in all respects,
the peers of the free. '
' Of"the 'fourteen" Presidents who have
been elected, seven were citizens of the
slave States, and of the seven remaining,
three represented Southern principles, and
received the votes of 'tlTe Southern people ;
so that, in our whole history, but four Presi
dents have been chosen who can be claim
ed as trie special champions of the policy
and principles of ' the free States, and even
these so only in a modified sense. Does
this look as if the South had ever been de-
' prived of her equal share of the honors and
powers of the Government ? The Supreme
Court Las decided that the citizens oi the
Slave States can, at will, take their slaves
into all the territories of the United States ;
and this decision, .which has 'never been
resisted or interfered with in a single case,
is the law of the land, and the whole pow
er of the Government is pledged to enforce
it. That it will be loyally 'enforced tiy the
present Administration, 1 entertain . no
doubt. A Republican Congress, at the late
session, organized three new territories and
in the crganic law of neither Was theFs in
troduced or attempted to be introduced, the
slightest restriction of the Southern emi
grant to bring hi slaves with him. At this
mbment, "therefore and 1 state it without
qualification there is not a territory be-
longing to the United States, banks robbed
f large amounts of money .States into which
the Southern people may not introduce their
staves at pleasure, and enloy their com
plete protection. . Kentucky should consid- I
er this great and undeniable fact before
which all the frothy rant of demagogues
and disunionfsts must disappear as a bauk
of fog before the wind. .
WHAT WILL tCNTCCKV GAIN ?
For this catalogue of w hat Kentucky most
su9er in abandoning her present honor and
secare position and becoming a member
of the Southern Confederacy, what will be
her indemnity 1 Nothing, absolutely noth
ing. The ill-woven ambition of some of
ber sons may possibly reach the Presiden-
ing upon tne s-ootn ooey ing' tne laws,
the great principle that all popular govern-
ment rests upon the consent of the govern-
governed, but it is the consent not tf all, but
mjr,ity of Iht governed. -Criminals are
every day punished and made to obey the
laws, certainly against their will, and no
mansupposes that the principle referred to
thereby invaded. A bill passes by Leg-
islaturej the majority of a single vote only,
though the 'constituents of all who voted
against it should b'e in fact as they are held j
to be in theory,- opposed to its provisions,
still is not less operative as a law, and no
right of self-government is thereby trampled
on. The clamor alluded to assumes that
the States are separate and independent
governments, and thai Taws enacted under
the authority of all may be resisted and re
pealed at the pleasure of each. The peo
ple of the United Stales, so far as the pow
ers of the General Government are concern
ed, are a unit, and laws passed by a major-
ily of all are binding upon all. The laws
and Constitution, however, which the South
now resists, have been adopted by her
eanction, and the right she now claims is
that of a feeble minority to repeal what a
majority has adopted. Nothing could be
more fallacious. Civil war, under ail cir
cumstances, is a terrible calamity; and
yet, from the selfish ambition and wickeJ
nes of men, the best governments have
not been able to etcpd it. In regarding
that which has been forced apon the Gov
erumeut of the United Stales, Kentucky
bhbuld not look - so much at the means
which may be necessarily employed la its
prosecution as iL'e machitiations'by which
this national tragedy has been brought tipi
on us. Vheii I Iook'cpon this bright land,
a few months since to prosperous, so tran
qoifr and ea free, had now behold it deso
lated by war, and the firesides of its' thirty
millions of people darkened, and their bo
som wrung with .anguish, and know, as I
do, that all this is the work of a score or two
of men who over ail this national ruin acd
despair are prepairing to carve with the
sword their way to seats of permanent pow
er, I cannot bat feel that th'ej are accdma
lating epbri their souls tin amount of gniit
hardly equalled in all the atrocities of rea
son and of homicide that have disgraced
the aonals ot our race froth the foundations
of the world. ; Kentucky ma rest well as
sured that thin conflict, which is one of self
defence, will be pursued on the part of the
I Gdvernrheat la the paternal spirit in which
a father seeks to reclaim h:4 erring oilsprmg
ho conqest, in ellusion of blood . is 6O0hl
' In sorrow, net in anger tha prayer of all 151
of "life or waste of 'property. Among the
most powerful instrumentalities relied on
for establishing the authority of the Govern
ment is that Union sentiment of the South(
sustained by a liberated press. It is now'
trodden to the' earth under a reign ot terror
ism which has no parallel but in the worst
days of the French Revolution. The pres
ence of the Government will enable it to
rebound, and look its oppressors in the
lace. At present we are assured that in
the seceded States no man expresses an
opinion opposed to the revolution but at
the hazard of his lite and property. The
only light which is admitted in political
discussion is that which flashes from the
sword or rom giiterir.fr. bayonets A few
days since one of the United State Senators
from "Virginia published a manifesto in
which he announces, with oracular solem
nity and severity, that all ''citizens who
Xvould not vote lor secession, but were in
favor cf the Union should or ought to
must leave the State" These words
have in them decidedly the crack of the
overseer's whip. The Senator 'evidently
treats Virginia as a great negro quarter, in
which the Iaoh is the appropriate emblem
cf authority, and the only argument he will
condescend to nse. However the freemen
of other parts of the State may abase them
selves under the exercise of his insolent
and-proscriptive tyranny, should the Sena
tor, with the scourge of slaves, endeavor to
drive the people of Western Virginia from
their homes I would only saj, in the lan
guage of the narrative of Gilpin's ride :
"May I be there to see."
It would certainly piove a deeply inter
esling spectacle.
THE CONTEST A MOMENTUOL'S ODE.
Said 2 Fould, the great French states
man, to an American citizen, a few weeks
since: "Your republic is dead, and it is
probably the last the'world will ever see.
You will have a reign of terrorism, and
after that two or three monarchies." All
this may be verified, should this revolution
succeed. Let ua then twine each thread
on lLe glorious tissue of our country's flag
about our heart-strings, and looking upon
our homes and catchinz the spirit that
breathes upon us from the battle-fields of
our fathers, let ub resolve that, come weal
or woe, we will in life and in death, now
and forever, 6tand by the Stars and Stripes.
They have floated over our cradles, let it
be our prayer and our struggle that they
6hall. float over our graver. 1 hey have
been unfurled from ihe snows of Canada to J anc dodging in and out of the burning buil
the plains of New Orleans, and lb the Halls j dings, their British associates as busily en
of the Alontezumas and arnid the solitudes gaged in tha work of plunder as the sava
of every bea, and everywhere, as the lumi- ees,whi!e obscene oaths tad drunken songs
nous symbol refisdessand beneficient pow- ates;ed their eternal ioy.
'er, Ihey have led the brave and the free to
victory and to glory. It has been my for
tune to look upon this flag in foreign lands
and amid the gloom of an Oriental despot
ism, and right well do I know by contrast,
how bright are its stars and how sublime
are its inspirations ! If the banner, the em-
biem for use of all that is grand in human i
nistory, and of all that is transporting in
hope, is to be sacrificed on the altars of a
Satanic ambition, and thus disappear for
ever amid the night and tempest of revolu
tion, then will I feel and who shall esti
mate the desolation of that feeling ? that
the eun has indeed been stricken from the
ky ot our lives, and that henceforth we
shall be but wanderers and outcast with
nought but the bread of sorrow and penury
for our lips, and with hands ever out
stretched in feebleness and supplication,
on which, in any hour, a millitary tyrant
may rivet the fetters of despairing bondage.
May God in his infinite mercy save you
and me, and the land we so much love,
from the doom of such a degradation.
No contest eo momentuons as this has
arisen in human history, for, and amid all
the conflicts of men and of nations, the life
of no such Government as ours has ever
been at stake. Our fathers won the inde
pendence by the blood and sacrifice of a
I Beven 'ear war anu we nave wainiainea
i it against the assaults of the greatest power
uPo eatln and tne question now is,
whether we are to perish by our hands and
have the epitaph of suicide written upon
onr tomb. The ordeal through which we
are passing must involve immense suffer
ing and losses for us all, but the expendi
ture of not merely hundreds of millions,
but of billions of treasures will be well
made, if the result shall be the preservation
of our institutions. '
Closing Up The close of the week
, . . . , .
how gratefully it comes to toiling and wea
ry milliotis ! Fven those wbo reject reli
gion and its institutions, acknowledge the
wise, if not divine, ordination of the Sab
batha day of rest, and peace wise, be
cause it answers one of the greatest wants,
as no other devise conld. As the shadows
of evening fall on Saturday night, the me
chanic and artizan will lay down their toil
armor, and the finger-worn needle woman
will fold up ber work that brings, alas too
scanty a pittance and homeward from ev
ery busy haunt will go the host whose
hands supply os with the comforts and lux
uries of lite. .And how quiet will become
the great city, just so foil of the music of
diverse yet mingling labor ! The sound of
the hammer and trowel cease, aud the an
thems of wheels die away over the deser
ted streets, and solitude comes so welcome
to every batter sense. Repose, so sweet
after the week's toil, to be unbroken for a
day repose, which brings reflection ihd
meditation, culturing the mind by a review
of the experience through which it has pass
ed. May they ever strengthen us all, to re-
new the basils of life with prff
Incident of the War cf 1812.
About the middle of December, 1812 the
garrison in charge of Fort Niagara, at the
moutn ot tne Niagara river, was sarpnsea baUerie8 on the geU1 of baie) in COnnec
by a large party of British and Indians, ..on whh lroops of infantry or cavalry,
whereby the American frontiers, from j A baUery con(i8ts of six or eight pieces,
Youngstown to Buffalo, was laid open to four Qf gx o which ;re gun8 anj lV70 are
the depredations of the savages. ; i howitzers. ,
One of the most flourishing American j Sjx pouni1er batteries are composed of
viilages'on'ihe Niagara was Lewistown, sit- ( Bjx pount,er guns and ,welve pounder how-
nnied onnnsito to the Canadian village Ot ,
Queeriistown, and as the inhabitants of Lew
istown had been active in the defence of
ihe frontier, the enemy doomed the place
to speedy destruction.
When the flames and snioke were ascen
ding from the wanton . conflagration of
Youngstown, and the parlies of villagers
flying from the murderous savages notified
the people of Lewistown of what would
soon be the fate of their own homes and
families, every one was thrown into the
most confusion and alarm, and sought safe
ty in flight.
Among the last to escape were two broth
ers, named Lothrop and Bates Cook, the
former of whom, a few days previous, had
had his right leg amputated above the knee
and was now a helpless invalid.
'Lothrop, who in his crippled condition,
had no hope of escaping the scalping knife
of the eavaaes, begged his brother to leave
him and fly for his lile. But the generous
man had no such intention.
With all the haste possible, Bates, after
getting the team and bleigh to the door;
managed to "drag the bed on which his
brother lay, upon ihe vehicle, and throwing
in clothing and "such other necessaries as
came nearest to hand, started of! in the
rear of the flying fugitives. But so rough
was the grout.d '.he youth could endure no
other than the slowpst motion.
Bates, therefore, found it necessary for
him to restrain his team to the slowest walk
while he coulJ see in his rear the flames
bursting out of the doors and windows of
the house they bad just quitted, and the
yells and war hoops of the drunken Indians
rang with startling effect in his ears.
House after house was fired, and before
the young men had reached the top of the
hill on their way out of the place, the entire
village was wrapped in flames.
They could see the painted warriors, wild
with drink and bedecked with the plunder
of ihe stores, dancing and howling in the
streets, like &o many incarnate demons;
and mingling here and there among them,
On the other hand, a t
they moved slowly
along, they could see teams and groups of
their neighbors and friends disappearing
rapidly in the distance, while they were
forced to move along slowly and exposed
to th0 first party of drunken and infuriated
, ravages vrho might espy them. Moving!
thu8 along, they had proceeded something
like half a mile from the smoking village,
when on ascending an eminence, Bates was rnents; and then commences the almost ganize immense armies, there is one other
startled by a fierce war hoop ir. the rear, continuous explosion, the cannon vomitinj ! . The Corps is composed of two or more
and to his horror discovered a band of sav- ; forth incessant charges of shot and shell, or ; Divisions, frequently of four or five. The
sges in pursuit of them, and wildly gestic- canister and grape, till the proud lines of i corps is, in the French service, properly
ulating for them to stop. j ihe adversary are riddled and shivered, and i commanded by a field marshal an officer
In the excitement of the moment he urg-i hurled back on themselves in dismay ;, unknown to our country and the corps is
ed his team to a faster gait; but a cry of ! while the ground is 6lrewed with human ; properlj a complete army in itself,
pain from Lothrop caused him lo slacken flesh, quivering in the agonies of death. In Napoleon's march on Russia, he had
his speed again ; ar.d catching up a gun he j At this moment it only remains for the eight or ten of these corps in active service
had forclhousht to throw into the 6leigh, he infantry to charge and sweep the field with ' making a field army of from 250:0o0 to
prepared to defend his helpless brother to ' the bayonet, and the day is gained j 300,000 men. From the elements we have
the last. It is the suddeness of the attack, tne ra- given, it will be seen that however large
Lothrop now perceived the danger they j p;j;ly 0f the movements and the terrible ef- j an arrny may be, it is so organized as to be
were in, and knowing in his feeble condi- j jeCl w h ic fi the shot tell upon the ranks ; perfect in all its parts and moves with an
lion, that escape was hopeless unless pwift- I of lhe enemyt lrial render this kind of ser j exact order and dicipline. In the field all
er progress could be made, begred h:s I 'v;ce fe0 atlract;ng to Dj gunners; hence, ' orders and operations are carried on through
brother to drive on. At least it could only , tney wiHhever enlist in any other branch j the siaff of the army, and when we come
could be death to him ; and if the motion of ( Df tjje ser,iCQ j there is a possible opporv to active service, the staff is the most im
the sleigh over the rough ground should kill ; tunj,y for them to get into the artillery. i portattt pan of the army ; for, thi being a
him. he thought it woulJ certainly be belter j The amounl Df labor to be performed by i vast machine. of which each part is perfectly
than to fall into the hands of their merciless
pursuers.
The Indians dashing on, were soon in
hailing distance, and in broken English,
threatened Bates, with the most cruel tor-
........ If V. A . mlnr Kut Via rafneorl in I
obey.
Soon coming up with the sleigh, the sav
ages began to chase Bates round and round
it, but from some oversight paid no atten
tion to his helpless brother. At last Bates
snatched up the gun from the sleigh and
ran off to one side of the road, to draw the
Indians, if possible, away from Lothrop
The ruse partially succeeded ; but as a
tierce looking Indfan pursued Bates more
closely than was consistent with his safety,
he turned saddenly, and leveling his gun
at the savage, fired. The Indian gave a
terrific yell, leaped into the air, ran a few
paces, and fell dead. The death of their
leader exasperated the savages to the last
degree, and they were about to wreak their
vengeance on the brothers, when upon
their right, on the mountain, they heard a
wild, ringing war hoop, and the next min
ute a volley of rifle" shots whistled towards
them, and several of the pursuers fell killed
and wounded to the ground.
The new party proved to be a band of
friendiy Tuscaroras, ljnder Little Chief , who
bearing the firing along the road, hastened
to reconnoitre, and seeing the two brothers,
whom they immediately recognized, thus
beset, ran down the hill to their relief, and
of the fifteen or twenty savages who pur
sued the villagers, scarcely one-third re
turned to tell the fate of their companions.
Bates Cook alterward became Controller
j of the Slate
.Lrr;"l"
of New York", and Lothrop oc-
Light Artillery.
Light, or Field Artillery, is that branch of
wf perv;ce ,nat maiiceuvers with the j
ilzers, and twelve pounder batteries are
composed of twelve pounder guns, and
thenty-four or thirty-two pounder howitzers
Six or eight hores are assigned to each
piece, with its ammunition carriage or cais
soon.
The number of men in a company of ar
tillery varies from eighty to one hundred
and fifty, including one Capjain, three or
four Lieutenants, four to eight Sergeants,
eight to twelve Corporals, two to six Artifi
ce rs. two Buglers, twenty-lour to fifty-two
drivers, and thirty four to seventy can
noneers.
Cannon are cast from iron or from bronze
commonly called brass. Bronze pieces are
preferable to iron, because they are less
liable to burst. ...
Projectiles for field artillery are round
shot (solid,) shell (hollow,) canister, grape
and spherical case shot. The shell is filled
with powder which is fired by means of a
fuze, and the fuze is ignited by the dis
charge, the length of ih9 fuze is graduated
to the distance to be traversed.
The canister consists cf a tin cylinder fill
ed with cast iron 6hot which vary in size
with the calibre of the pieces; canisters for
guns contain 27 phots, for howitzers, 48.
Grape consists of large shot, usually nine,
sewed into cylindrical bags
The spherical case shot differs from the
shell in having a thinner shell or case, and
in being filled mos;ly with musket balls,
only sufficient powder being inserted to
burst the shot, and scatter its contents ; this
is intened to take place fifty or seventy five
yards short of the object aimed at.
In a six pounder case shot, there, are ?7
musket balls ; in a twelve pounder 76 ; in a
twenty four pounder, 175; and in a thirty
two pounder, 245.
Each .battery is attended by one travelling
forge and one battery wagon, containing
tools and materials for shoeing horses, re
pairing harness, saddle, &c.
A battery thus folly equipped, and served
by active, strong and intelligent men, be
comes the most formidable implement of
modern warfare.
Called into an engagement usually at the
most critical moment, at a time when the
lines of the enemy are advancing exulting
Iy, perhaps, in the hope of an easy victory, i
J at a moment when the destiny of empires j
; ;s quivering in the, balance, the light artill- ;
ery sweeps forward to its position at the j
, buIe call for the "advance,'' the earfh sha- j
king beneath the tramp of the horses and
, the heavy rumble of the guns
In a moment the pieces are nnlimbered,
' loaded and pointed, with a rapidity too great
for the eye to analyze the different move-
I ,jie arii;ieryman differs very materially from
J lDat required of the inlantry soldier hav-
jg no musket, he is not required to do gen-
. eraj gxMttd service, so while detachments of
the infantry are pacing back and forth, at
their posts, through the long weary night,
the artillerymen are sleeping quietly iu their
quarters.
The mariuel of the piece is much more
simple than that of the musket, and there- ! Adjutant General ail orders are conveyed to
fore more easily learned. each particular part. By the Quarter mas-
Again, the gunner has but his side arms ter General all transportations, and vehicles
to carrjr, while the soldier of the Sine must I and horses are furnished ; by the Commis
always carry his musket, knapsack, car-1 sary all supplies ; by ihe engineer the to-
tndge box, kc , and this on foot, while the
cannoneer is mounted either on horseback,
or on his gun-carriage.
It is for this kind of service that recruits
are now enlisting in Danville and Blooms
burg. . . ' .
None but strong, active and intelligent
men are accepted, and none are desired to
enlist unless they are perfectly willing to
undertake the duties and endure the hard
ships that may be incident to the service
Men who enlist simply because . others
do, or from any other than patriotic motives
are apt to become disaffected or dissatisfied,
as soon as they are required to perform any
duties of an unpleasant nature ; hence, we
would rather represent the worst features
of the service and let the men be agreeably
disappointed than lo hear any complaint
afterwards. .
The uniforms for these recruits are ready
now, or will be by the time they can reach
camp; two or three months time will be
given for learning the drill; arms of the
most approved patern wilt be furnished ;
and every facility offered for making this
regiment of artillery, for which we are re
cruiting, an honor to our npble old com
monwealth, and a necessary part of the
Organization of the 'Army.
Below we lay before our readers an arti-
cle upon array matters, that, in the present i
warlike state of affairs will be read with ;
general interest, and be found of great val
ue. Our army is essentially formed after
the French school, which is in its general
plan probably the best in the world :
The number in companies, regiments,
&c , varies at different times and varies by
law. In time of peace the rank and file are
reduced to a skeleton, and the officers re-
tained, (we speak of regulars,) so that in j kinds of manufactures were greatly increas.
time of waMhey can soon be filled up j ed. It was soon discovered that.the manu
The outline elements of an army are these: i facturers of the Eastero States, those e.n
A company is the unit of an army, and is j gaged in the iron trade in Pennsylvania,
supposed to average on the war basis .one and ihe producers of wool and hemp in
hundred men, officers included. The gen- j the Northern arid Western Slates, who con
eral rule for the organization of such com- stiluted the roost important porions of the
pany gives one captain;two liectenants,five , mercantile community in the nation, were
sergeants anil four corporals and eighty-five j not sufficiently protected by this tariff
men. Former!) each company had an ec- Accordingly, in the session of Congress of
sign who carried the flag ; but his place is 1827-'8, after a long and desperate conflict
now sopplied by the color sergeant. There ;
is one more sergeant than corporals, tha ;
first lieutenant being called the orderly ser
geant, and is, next to the captain, ihe mo.t
important man in the company carrying
the bocks of the. company, and calling, the
roll, morning and evening. The company
is formed, when in column, into two pla
toons and four flections, each platoon com
manded by a lieutenant, aud each sectim
by a sergeant.
A regiment is regu'arly composed of ten
companies or two balalions; a battal.oi
being half a regiment, composed of five
companies one of thera.called a light or
route company, intended regular for service
to operate outside of the heavy columns, as
flankinz parties, guards, etc.
The officers, of a regiment, independent of
company officers, are a colonel, lieutenant
col. two major, adjutant,quartermaster and
commissary. Each separate body of troops
mut have a commissary and quartermas
ter, but in a large army they are apportion
ed to reeiments or brigades. A regiment,
when constituted will be formed thus: one
colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one adju.
tant, one quartermaster, one commissary,
two majors, ten captains, twenty lieuten
ants, fifty sergeant?, forty corporals, and
eiht hundred and fifty private men ma
king nine hnndred and seventy-five, but in
realty there are some others ; each com
pany has regularly a drummer and fifer,
which make a regimemal band of twenty,
besides the drum major. Then the regi
ment, when full, is mad9 up regularly to
one thousand men.
A brigade should be composed of two
regiments, a squadron of cavalry, and a
corps of field artillery. If these were all
full, a complete brigade operating aione,
would in our service, or in the Erench,make
5,400 men. .
A Division is composed r,f two brigades,
; with additional corps of cavalry and artill
erv, making in our army, including the
! whole staff and music, abon 5,000. men
f This is the highest element of organization
' in our service ; but in France, as they or
' obedient to, and directed by the head, it is
! evident that all must depend on the skill,
, ability ; ar.d discernment of ihe staff through
j which it act. It is in vain that Scott, or
I any great Gen eral ccrrirnands, if the etatf
; officers are incompetent.
! The staff consists of the aids, the adjutant
! General, the engineer, the Quarter master,
I and Commissary
Generals.
Through the
pography of the country is thoroughly ex
amined, the practicability of passes deter
mined, fortifications built or attached.
Then the staff of an army becomes its eyes
and its facilities, the General simply deci
ding the movements of the army on the
facts and elements thus furnished. In the
prand French armies there was a chief of
! the staff, or head of th active Military Bu
reau. In Napolearvs time, the chief of the
staff was Marshal Berthier, deemed one of
the ablest officers of the French army.. Na
poleon knew the value of a good staff and
had abler men in it than were at the head
of the divisions. If any extensive army
shonld be lormedjthis should always be the
case.
In the statements we have msde, it will
be seen there is a s'rong similarity between
a modern army, well organized, and that of
Romans. Onr company corresponds with
the Roman Century, and onr division to the,
Roman Legion. The Roman Legion, when
full, contained 6.000 men, which compre,
hended a portion of auxiliaries and .were
divided So as toinclnde all kinds of service.
A Roman Legion was a complete army in
itself, and the experience then snd now.
that a compact body or force of six thon
sand men is as urge n can ne org nrrrqTt7,
The Free Trade Policy of Sonth Carolina.
In the year 1816 an Act was passed by
Congress, by which a reduction
per cejrit.w.ss made on imported woollen and
cotton goods. The people and the states
men of the country, who . were in favor of
j, the. policy, ot protection were opposed to this
reduction, and determined as soon as pos
sible to secure the adoption of a higer tariff.
Accordingly, in 21, Henry Clay and Mr.
Adams succeeded in obtaining the passage
.of ajaw by which the .profits of certain
with the advocates of the one single staple
of the South namely, cotton a bill was
passed imposing a tariff of duties the aver
age rate of which was nearly fifty per cent,
on imports. This Act received the votes of
all the representatives of the nation except
these of the more prominent Southern
States. The latter, condemned it in the
most violent terms, stigmatized it as a 'bill
of abonvnations," and began to mutter
threats ofresistar.ee and vengeance.
POSITION Of JOHN C CALHOCN.
t.At: that period the most distinguished
member of Congress from the South, with
the single exception of the patriotic Henry
viay, was Jonn Caldwell Calhoun, of South
Carolina. No .man .excel (.ed him, among
that high and brilliant galaxy of genius, in
logical acuteness, in close, clear, demon
strative reasoning, in his general knowl
edge of the principles of international and
municipal law, and in the boldness and
fearlessness of his tempter. He was even
then the Ma.u$ Apollo of sectionalism.;
and asFOon as the tariff of 1828 was passed
in spite of his opposition and that of bis
confederates, by which the intereste of the
Cotton States were made secondary to the
welfare of the whole nation, he commenced
to revolve.in his mind the great and des
perate scheme or Nullification If the Na
tional Government would not become sub
servient to the promotion of the interests oi
the South, could it not be possible to resist
and overpower that Government within the
limits of the offended States ? Calhoun's
answer was an affirmative one.
Immediately after the adoption of this high
tariff, meeiings were held in several por
tions of South Carolina, in which the policy
of Nullification was broached, discussed
and finally commended. ., At the request of
some of his constituents. Mr. Calhoun pre
pared a documr.t, in July, 1R31, which
defended this policy under the existing
state of affairs. This production he styled
"The South Carolina Exposition and Pro
test on the Sut ject of the Tariff," and was
addressed to the Legislature of the State
That body ordered a large number of copies
to be printed and distributed and afterward
passed a resolation which declared the Tar.
:ff Acts of Congress for the protection of the
manufacturers of the North and East uncon
stitutional; asserted that they ought to bm
resisted ; and invited other States of the
Sooth to unite with South Carolina in resist
ing the execution of those Acts within their
respective limits.
At that period Andrew Jackson and Mr.
Calhoun were personal and political friends.
But anon the latter became dissatisfied with,
the administration of the former, and wu
gradually alienated from him. The Presi
dent did not condemn the high tariff, as
Mr. Calhoun believed it his duty to do;
and fron the year 1831 Mr. Calhoun took
the position of an open enemy to his policy
and his person. One caue of the hostility
which henceforth existed between these
remarkable men was the fact that at that
period Gen. Jackson discovered that Mr,
Calhoun had, while a member of Monroe's
Cabinet, advised that he should be repri
manded for his . conduct during the Semi
nole war in putting Arbuthqot and Arm
bruster to death. Thenceforth there was a
bitter and implacable hostility between
them, which ended only w'uh their lives.
A correspondent of the Mobile ASveriiner
exhorts hisj fellow citizen to send their
watches, chai.ns, jewelry and silver plate to :
be coined. He even suggests with. a re
freshing neglect of the assumed rights of
the confederate government, that they could,
extemporize a mint in Mobile in a few
days.
. . . ...
Hatwt i mimtidi rtnpiitTho n tim
ber of troops tendered by responsible par
ties to the President is 575,(0&. It is be
lieved that it would be no difficult matter
for the War Department to pot an addition
al force of ore hnndred thousand men in.
the field, in thirty days from the dele of the
order. ... -
When is iron like a bank note ? When
it is forged. When is.it like a public bouse?
When it is a bar. When is it like a stone
thrown in the air ? When it's cast. When
would it do to make sausages ofl When
it's pig iron. ....
A lazy fellow begged alms, saying thai
he could not find bread for his family.
is; "Nor I," replied an industrious mechanic;
- 1 ,4I am obliged to work for it."
,!- .
t"