Truth and Kight God and our Country.
Two Dollars per Annum.
VOLUME 12.
BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 7, 1860.
NUMBER 44
IV. II. JAC0B1Y Proprietor.
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EVEATIDE.
In the summer evenings, .
When the wind blew low,
And the skys were radiant
Willi the sunset glow
Thou and 1 were happy,
Long, loug year ago !
Love, the young and hopeful,
Hover'd o'er us twain,
Fill'd us with sad pleasure
And delicious pain
In the summer evenings,
Wandering: in the lane.
In the winter evenings.
When the wild winds roar.
Blustering at the chimney,
Piping at' the door
Thou and I are happy
As in the day ot yore.
Love still hovers o'er ns,
- Robed in white attire,
Drawing heavenly tnuio
From an earthly lyre
In the winter eveniugs,
Siuiur by the fire.
, For the Star cflhe Kot th.
An Incident in my Life.
BT CAS LOS.
i Juan Caverillo, the Jesuitical hiah priest
of Cuzco, was my most intimate friend ;
and the many acts of kindness done me by
him showed that he was sincere. My
official position secured me the respect ot
the army and officers of ' the Government,
while the fact of my being the only Young
American ever in Cuzco, wou me the atten
lion of the ladies of thai place Not only was
1 universally kuowu, but all seemed to vie
in extending the hospitalities of their several
mansions. But the priedhood in general,
and the Jesuits in particular, were my firm
friends, actuated, '.hough, by the laudable
desire of converting me from my heresies
1 have neither time r.or space to relate how
many conversations were held with me on
1be subject how appeals were addressed
to my judgment as well as my ambition
how entreaties were mingled with threats
nor how arrangements had been made
by the ladies of the City to havo ma pub
licly baptized in the Cathedral, where the
Bishop was to associate as my God-father
and La 6enora Yaldiviesoas myCod-moiher.
Suffice it to know that nothing was left un
done to secure my conversion, ;he Cuzco
tiians regarding the presence of a Protestant
4n their midst as an evil not to be borne.
Conveots and monasteries opened at my
request, a privilege never granted to even
the parents of the nuns. Even the myste
ries of the "tejar" were revealed to my
-carious eyes. Let me give you a faiut idea
of it. ;
Every year the female portion of the
community are required to spend nine days j
in the Itjar, in order to get purified. They
re placed in damp, subterranean cells,
from which even the light of day is ex--claded.
About twenty Indians, negresses,
hybrids, and white women are put in each,
no distinction being made as to position or
olor. The coarsest kind of food is eiven
them, whit e none but their confessors have
access to their dismal abode. At midnight
they are awakened, and required to scourge
their naked backs with an iron instrument
constructed for that purpose ; and the dark
in asses of clotted blood on the brick floor
And on the surrounding walls, attested the
eeverity with which the scourge had been
applied. , . .
- Joan Caverillo agreed to show me the
subterranean passages, (constructed 300
years ago,) and by means of which the
priests communicate in the different con
rents. t Jo this connection 1 may state, that
Cuzco was the seat of the Spanish Inquisi
tion. - My companion first took the precau
tion of swearing me to secreey during his
Jifei Armed with long' torches, we de
cended the vaults of ' San Diego, and
Ira versed the long, gloomy galleries, which
the fitful glare of the torches only served to
make "darkness visible," and occasionally
revealed to my shuddering view, long, slimy
lizards, which crawled in immense nurn
fceM, in ; the - green mold at my feet i After
mbarring a huge .iron door, we were nsh
cretl into a small, arched room, where stood
three athletic men, who were completely
"masked. They seized me, and despite ray
istruggjes, succeeded; in forcing ' o. gag " into
rny month andy blindfolding rwy eyes. . 1
'was then 'carried opie A jdistacce farther,
Closely followed by my supposed riend
jaarr, who- only -gave: a f mournful smile
.while my assistants were binding me. Oa
.the termination of the journey, I was freed,
end fonnd myself r in sl , huge, underground
stpartrnentlhe size" of which I was unable
Id discern, owing to the semi-obscurity.
Cal-iui cl: white-robed priests and youthfid
lindens" chanted in a low and solemn tons
haired priest approached, and in Spanish
bade me renounce my heretical opinions,
and adopt the tenets of the Holy Catholic
Church. This of course I refused; and
then demanded my instant release, staling
that such an insult to the person of an
American would not be Ions; without redress
from my country. The old man regarded
me for a moment with a derisite smile, and
then led me into an adjoining cell, where I
beheld in endless profusion, instruments of
torture, mixed with the dried skeletons of
men and women, whose grinning skulls
were fearfully distinct. 1 then learned that
I was iu the room of the Grand Inquisitor.
Alter minutely explaining the modes of ap
plying the various instruments, and seeing
the cold drops of sweat standing on my
brow, he informed me that my friends had
already received word of my having perish
ed in the Muchangara river; and again, in
the name of his holiness the Pope of Rome,
he commanded me to abjure my religion.
I ga"m refused. He then dismissed the
maidens, among whom I recognized Isa
bellita as she cast an imploring glance be
hind her. I was again seized, and the
terrible screws applied to my thumbs. I
endeavored to convince myself that I was
the victim of some night mare, or that they
were merely jesting ; but the granduess and
solemnity of the scene, together with the
sharp pains shooting through my body,
gave fearful evidence of its reality. I had
often braved death before, but then itntuie
was the ageiit,and not man, -Am my friends
would have been 'certain of my fate, now
little imagining the terrible ordeal I was !
undergoing for the sake of those truths
taught me by a fond mother, years ago,
when I was a lisping child. 1 thought of
that mother, who, even then, perhaps, was
praying for the safety of her son. I thought
of her as when with tearful eyes, and faint
ing steps, she said, "Albert, I fear I never
shall bee you again" Visions of a gray
haired and invalid fa.her, whose stay I had
been, also fljated before my mind's eye ;
and with them, the thoughts of a brother
and sister, now thousands of miles away
In mental agony I groaned ; but instead of
pitying roe, my tormentors only smiled in
derision. .
But a low, rumbling sound interrupted
the prayer which was being offered up to
God for strength. The ground began to
quiver and undulate beneath my feel like
the waves of the ocean, and the noise in
creased lo the roar of the hurricane. Those
around me fell upon their knees, began Jo
tell their beads, and repeat the "Ave
Maria " It was an earthquake ! A thund
ering, louder than the fir.t, announced the
second shook. Apparently, the earth oscil
lated to and fro like the pendulum of a
clock. The adjacent volcauoes gave forth
their heated lava and fire amidst horrible
thuuderings, while the crash of the crum
bling edifices above my head, and ihe
shrieks bursting from 70,000 hearts, gave
evidence of the fearful convulsions of Na
ture. Then succeeded a silence as un
earthly as the din a moment previous. I
called loudly to those who had surrounded
me, but bo voice replied. ' The torches
were quenched, but an unearthly and sul
phureous haze filled the place. The band
of priests had been swallowed up in a
yawning chasm at my side, which was
gradually filling with a black, murky sub
stance. Juan, my guide, lay beside me, a
falling pillar having instantly killed him.
Seeing a female form some distance from
me in the posture of prayer, I diseugaged
myself from the painful thumb screws, and
hastened lo her. Ii was labellila, though
alas ! life was extinct. Overpowered by
my feelings, 1 then sank to the floor, court
ing death as the speediest relief from pres
ent sufferings.
Ihe Presidential Eace.
BY SiM BILLINGS.
"Well, bnys, doz yon bleeve in dreams?
I duz. You all 'member that dreem I had
had 'bout Jim bein elected ?"'
"Jim who, Sam ?"
Jim Buchanan, of conrse. Who else 1
Why I drempt I saw him an' Fillmore, an'
Fremont, all playin 6even -up, an' when
Jim an' Fillmore was both six an' six what
dnz Jim do but turn np Jack an' git out
The very next thing we heerd after that wuz
Jim was 'lected. I rote to Jim 'bout it, but
he forgot io anser my. letter. 1 tell you,
boys, it's no use tawking. I knows what's
what, an' ef you only node what I drempt
last nite, you'd know' more than yon knows
now. .
Take a drink, Sam, and tell ns all aboat it-
Don?t keer ef I do. Well, yon see arter 1
left you, boyb. last nite, I wuz jest as sober
as I ever wnz. You all knows that, 'ciuse
I' never drinks 'cept on speshul occasions.
I did stumble a leetle just a leetle bnt
that wuz .'cause t wuz thinking so hard on
what Bill thar had sed 'bout us gittin Cuber
ef cld Breck wuz 'lected, an' how nice it
would be to put each fellers as us down
thar to take keer of the Dons and Senoriters:
It wnz too much trubble to shuck my coat,
or pull off my bates, so 1 laid down jest as I
wnz. Let us lake adrink'---r-i.
Well, as soon as Morfos had japt me in
sleep I begun to dream I thort a grate big
feller, with a cocked hat an' a sword by his
side teeht me on the shoulder an' aved me I
wouldn't go to the race j I lole him 1 wood
go enywhar fur fun, an', axed him to pitch
ahed. As soon a? we got to the dore, thar
git in and then followed hisself. After we
wuz in 1 didn't saj nuthin, an' he did'nt
nether, an' so we both wuz silent. The
carrije went mity fast, and in aboot an hour
an' a half we slopt. I forgot to menshun
that there wuz a black bottle 'tween the
cushuns, an' that both of us tuck several j
drinks, ef not more. Boys, lei's take wun
now.
. We got out uv the carrije on the groun,
an' looked round us. I frunt. but a little to
the rite, wnz a grate big white house, and
the rode frum the gate wuz so fizt thai you
could cum to the door frum any side you
pleased. All the way round wuz about a
quarter of a mile. I then turned round to
look at the people who was thar. They
wuz about twenty in all. Rite in front was
Jim:
Mister Buchanan, says the man who
brought me, allow me to
Pshaw ! sez I ; I knows him well enuf ;
I'm the man what done so much for him an'
Breck to runVintown How do you do, ole
feller? How hev you been? How's all?
an' what's the news ? .
I'm fust rite, thank you, sez he, emilin'
and bowin' ,-nity perlite. How's all to
P'jnkingtown ?
Oh, we're all so-so, sez I ; but what's to
pay here ?
Why, we're going to hev the race, pes
Jim, speaking low to me, and looking mity
solemn, an' I sent fur you to stan an' judge
who beats. Cum along, now, and let me
interduce you to the folks.
Air those fillers in the rode the candi
dates ? ses I.
Yes, ses he, and them other men out thar
is their fried da and bakkers. But here we
air. Gentlemen, allow me to introduce my
particler friend, Mister Billings Mister
Houston, Mister Billings, Mister Bell, Mister
Bdlings; Mister Lincoln, Mister Billings;
Mifcter Douglas, Mister Billings; Mister
Breckinridge, Mister Billings ; Mister Bil
lings, gentlemen, will take his stan here
and juje who beats the race. Excuse me
for a minit, as I mus seo if the track is
clear.
It seems to me, I've met you somewhar
before, Mister Billings, ses Mr. Bell, an'
yourn is a face what can't be easy forgot.
I don't recollec, 6es I ; for I seed what he
was arter.
It mus be so, ses he, for I've been every -whar
thro' this glorious Union. This glo
rious Union, Mr. Billings, mus be preserved,
an' the eagle mus bear aloft on magnaiinous
pinyuns the banner uf the 6tars, an' skreem
defiance at the violaters uf the resplendent
Constitution.
Jes so, ses I.
I'll tell you what, Mister Billing, pes
Dou 'las. wavin his arm, this here scene,
with all these people lookin' on, an' you to
pass your free jugineut 'bout this race, re
minded me powerfully of Poplar Suvrmty.
That air the doctrine, sir. All of us is free
an' independent. Ef I want to do anything
ef I wants to cut my tbrote who's to
prevent me ?
Nobody, of course, ses I.
This race is to be wuu by runnin', ses
Houston : I don't like runnin', and never
did, speshully for the Presidency, but ihe j tails on end to us. The calf's neck was in
people would make me, an' I had to. But ; the tiger's month, whose large paws era
1 tell you, Mister Billings, you orter see me j braced his victim. I looked, waiting for
in a fite. I kinder guess I can kill aii' ele ! oiue change in le position of the body to
as many Mexikens as the nex man.
Shouldn't be surprised, ses I.
I'd scorn lo try an' influence you, Mister
Billings, pes ole Abe, though there is sura
as I knows as does it. But I would merely
mention, uf a piece of nuse, which, per
haps, you have not heern of, that I think
the Gineral Government ought to make a
few internal improvements mity close to
Punkintown.
Yon don't say so 1 ses I.
As fur me, sep old Breck, all I want is a
fare trac and no favers.
All rite, ole hoss, ses I. And now gen
tilmin, yon must take your places ac' git
ready.
They then turned in lo pitchin' up half a
dollar, till they all got their places. Abe
was on the inside trac ; Breck nex ; Doug-,
las nex; Bell nex, an' ole Sam on the out
side. Well, they- all got in a line, and I gave
the word, and they started. Ole Sam hadn't
got twenty Btepa before he slumpt his foot,
an' kerslap he went to the groun. At la6t
they got about half way round, an' Douglas
begun to fall behind. Thinks I ole hoss,
your legs is too short. Bell, too, was a
blowin' mighty hard an' I seed 'the race
was between Breck and ole Abe. They
jes cum a tearin' down that rode, I tell you.
When they was within about fifty yards of
the 6tartin' place, them two was jest brest
an' brest. Bell was several yards behind,
and Stephen in his wake. As for Houston,
he jest laid whar he fell. Well, bojs, on
they cum like race horses, an' all the look
ers on, enssia' and swearin' es ef they was
mad. Breck's bottom was surpri'in' but
old Abe's long legs was also carryin' him
mity fast, I tell yon. They had got within
about three feet of the lice, an I . wuz
tremblin' all over, I wuz so ankshus, when
all. at wuns both give a lunge forard, an
. Which won, Sam ; which wun ? '
I'll tell yon arter the fi ret Tuesday in
November. ' Boys, let's lake a drink.
Charleston Courier.. .
Some people's highest"idea of content
ment is to sit in the house and see others
get stack in the mud.
A Night with the Tigers.
Of a pitch dark night, if a tiger jumps in-
to a camp and seizes any one, he is out of
it again with one bound. My own plan is
to tire ofl the heaviest charged piece at
hand ; as at the sound of the sudden shot,
ihere is a good chance of the tiger dropping
his victim, who, unless killed by the spring
or first blow, may ihus be recovered.
All that night the lungoor these are the
baboons of India, and stand, when on their
hindjegs, five and a half feet high were
chattering and hooting on Ihe branches of
the trees, up to ihe very edge of the camp.
These animals, which live in the mountains
with the tigers and panthers, never allow
them to move without following them, and
by jumping from branch to branch of the
trees, over their heads, they warn other ani
mals and man of the tiger's approach. The
horses, also, this night were very uneasy ;
but the fires and the constant watch of the
sentries kept the tigers out.
I watched for daj light with much anxie
ty ; and directly there was sufficient light,
rubbing the cotlen of my rifle-sights, I got
in' people up and started for the place
where the calf had been tied. The kullal
or wine-maker was taken as a guide, lest
we should lose ourselves in the jungle, and
also 10 carry the drink water. Scarcely two
hundred yards had been passed when we
heard the tiger, which infested that part of
the forest, roar londly. The poor villager,
the father of the remaining family, whisp
ed, "Wuh hal that is he ! that's the tiger
who owns my village." I replied, '-If you
run you are a dead man : keep behind us."
Placing in front my head shikaree, Mang
kalee; who has very good sight, while in
the dusk my own is very bad, we hurried
along the path. Coming to some rocks
from which I knew that the tted-up calf
could be seen, and thinking that the shika
ree might not have remembered the spot, 1
pulled him back cautiously. I looked.
There was the white calf apparently dead.
Mangkalee remarked as much in a whisper.
The younger shikaree, Nursoo, was behind
me on the left. We all gazed al a tail. The
distance was some sixty yards from us, but
we could not make out the tiger. At length
the end of the tail moved. Nursoo, making
a similar motion with his forefinger, whisp-
ered in my tar, Doom-hilta-hai" ("The
tail's moving"). 1 now made out the body
ol the animal clear enough. Not a blade of
the grass nor leaf was between us. A sin
gle forest tree, without a branch on it for
thirty feet from the ground, was twenty
yards nearer the tiger.
It was very probable that he would see
ns, but it must be risked; to, pressing down
J my shikaree, Alangkalee, with my hand be
j hind me, and keeping the trunk of the iree
beween Ihe foe and me, while 1 said with
in myself "God be with me ! If I got be
hind that tree, without your Beeing me,
you're a dead tiger." I past rapidly for
ward. So intent was the huge beast upon
the poor calf that he did not hear me. I
placed the barrels of my rifio against the
tree, bul was obliged to wait.
The tiger aud the calf lay contiguous,
allow me to aim al a vital part.
There were some forty paces between us.
As all rifle shooters know, this a very un
certain distance, and one at which all the
polygrooved rifles with a large charge of
powder, that I have seen tried, riso from
four to six inches.
The weapon I had in my hand was a
very broad-belted, two grooved rifle, carry
ing balls ten to the pound; and only four
days before this I had proved that, when
loaded with the bullet mould full of powder,
it carried its ball point blank, without rising
or falling, fcr ninety yards. Strange it was
that I had this rifle by me for three years,
but owing to having a very favorite double
polygrooved rifle some pounds heavier, by
Westly Richards, to which I was much- at
tached, I had but very rarely U6ed the Wilk
inson. At length the calf gave a struggle and
kicked the tiger, on which the latter clasp
ed him nearer, arching his own body, and
exposing the white of his belly and chest.
1 pulled ihe trigger very slowly, aiming for
bis heart he was on his left side as if I
were firing at an egg lor a thousand pounds.
, 1 knew that I hit the ppot aimed at ; but
to my astonishment, the tiger sprung up
several feet in the air with a roar, rolled
over and toward me for he was on higher
ground than I was when, bounding to his
feet, as if unscathed, he made for the
mountains, the last rock of which was with
in forty yards of hira. ,
t I must acknowledge that firing at a beast
of this sort, with no . vital part to aim at,
standing as 1 was for some lime looking al
him, and on lower ground, my heart beat
rather quicker than was its wont. Albeit I
had never turned my back lo any animal
iu the jungles, and not one had. ever seen
its 6hape. 1 was confident, loo, in my own
nerve and shooting, for . I had cut down,
with one exception and that one had cut
me down as the 6cythe does the grass ev
ery wild beast of the forest. .
Immediately the tiger. sprang to his feet
and exposed his : broad left side to me, I
stepped from behind the tree, looked at him
in the face with contempt, as if he had been
a sheep, and while he passed tne with every
hair set, his beautiful white beard and
each bound covering fifteen feet al least, for
twenty five 3'ards, and then fell on his head
under the lowest rock of the mountain in
which wan his strong hold. Up went into
the air his thick stumpy tail. Seizing my
other rifle, I walked up to about fifteen
yards of him for he was still opening his
mouth and gaspingand broke his back
Turning round to the poor villager who,
knew that the tiger was dead, was afraid
to corne near him, I patted him on the
shoulder and said, ''There is your enemy,
old man, now, where does ihe tigress live?"
"I know nothing about her," said the man
trembling all over and no wonder "this
was ihe owner of the village. I know noth-
ng al all of the tigress. She takes her wa
ter at the other side of the village, and a
long way off.'
I returned to my camp, only fonr hun
dred yards off, took a cup ol ten, and order
ed them to brin in the man-eater. He was
the largest as far as bulk and muscular
power, of any tiger 1 had ever seen. His
extreme length, as he lay dead, was ten ;
feet eight inches ; his tad was only three
feet three an extraordinary short tail. This '
it was, with its great thickness, which i
made us notice it. His head was very
large. The points of all the large fangs
were considerably broker ; this had saved
the calf, who, though scratched, and is now
well and happy with my milch cattle at
Nagpore.
inejngmar anerj , yw.k.- u.
ways has to divide in order to luck the
rrt I tl . : - - ?
bioou, nau oeen missca ; mougi., uouuuo, education lhi9 unfortunate system brings
in another minute, the poor calf's head j hytlrau,ic presMlre t0 bear with remorse
would have been munched off. The villa- j crupl,y npm ,he irnmalure intellect of
gers irom an s.ues nocKeu io eo ino man- ;
eater. The raj-ih, or rather the l&ndholJer
of the district, sent many congratulations
and thanks. Thirteen quarts of .at were
taken from this lusty animal.
A Sailor's Spree.
At a dinner a sea captain told the follow
ing story :
Ladies and gentlemen, when I was sec
ond mate with Capl. Brown, I went up
town and drew my pay for the voyage just
completed. Falling in with some ship- j ferred lo j3 an outrage upon humanity, and
mates, we went into a grogshop and treated a crime against society. Teachers deplore
all around, so that each of n had at least x jtj p0pi!s pink under it, medical authorities
half a dozen glasses of brandy stowed away je,l0nnce iti cemeteries and iusane asylums
beforo we separated. I intended lo go on are replenished by it, but private interests
board again, and remain by the ship, for I aj a mWgnMed public opinion permit, as
had agreed to go another voyage in her j vet no adequate reform.
What became of me during a month after-j The opinion seems lo prevail that be
wards, I cannot recall even at this day. I ' caUs0 hard-headed lawyers, or energetic
only remember having been tumbled neck j merchants, in the maturity of a vigorous
and heels out of a house and picking my- J manhood, can bend their utmost powers of
self up from the gutter. 1 fancied lhat I , m'md, early and late 10 their respective pur
was in the infernal regions, surrounded by j BUlls during term-time or tho spring sales,
fiends that were tearing the very flesh from , e B&mQ fierce intensity of prolonged men-
my oones. iney seeraeu 10 enier my
mouth, my ears, my eyes ; I felt them feat-
ing on my heart, l liearu inetn screaming in
my ears.
Burning, at the same time, within and
without, I rushed to the wharf to jump over
board, but they held me back, and threw
me down upon a door-step in Commercial
street, telling me that they intended to keep
me there, and pick my bones bare, and 1
then burn me lo ashes. 1 cried :or ieip,
but they laughed at me ; 1 tried to rise, and
they held me down ; I shut my eyes that I
might not see, and they tore them open ; I
COUlu uo nounng uui suiici , i nuu ciou
lost the power to kill myself. Words can
not describe my sufferings. Aboui day
break a man who came to open the store,
upon the door step of which I lay, raised
me, and seeing my condition, advised me
very kindly to go home, and never drink
any more rum, but get religion. I told him
to go to h 1 ! and staggaied across the : by a1 means. Directors are trustees for
street to reach the wharf with the intention tb( aa:j ti10 imperative official obli-
of jumping overboard; bul again the fiends galion rCbl'ins Up0n them is to discharge
threw me down and laughed at me. I felt tBheir dulJ. jQ guch a way ai W1ji best sub
myself moved from place to place, and ev. J a he blIc iuleresU entrusted in their
ery one who moved me gave the same ad
vice not to drink any more rum. In my
heart I wished them all roasting At last
relief came. A man, who had been a sail
or, took me by the arm and led mo iuto a
grogshop.
lie 6aid to the barkeeper "Brandy, your
best," and handed me a glass; but my
hand trembled so much that I could not
hold it. He then placed me on a chair, and
poured the liquor down my throat, but up
came again through mouth and nose, all
over him, my stomach would not receive it.
Next he poured water into my mouth, and
seeing that it remained down, he nearly
filled another tumbler with brandy, and
made me take it by mouthfuls, till it was
all stowed away. In an instant the fiends
vanished, the warm blood coursed through
my veins, my sight was clear, ray step firm,
I was a new man. My friend for such I
shall always regard hinv took mo to the
Mariner's House, then kept by Mr. Broad
heap, and in a lew minutes had me naked
in the bath, washing me naked in the bath
room. He first gave me 'a warm bath,
washing me with his hands, and then near
ly sent the soul out ot my body, by letting
fail a cold shower upon me.
I sprang a fathom out of the tub, and
would have ihroitled him, but he 6tepped
out of tho way. After a thorough rub down,
he put me in bed.then went out and brought
me more brandy with laudanum in it, which
he made me drink. I slept nearly forty
hours, and though stupid when I awoke,
yet felt refreshed. My friend called to see
me, and gave me half a dollar to taper off
wilh thai was to take an occasional glass
of "TO" if I felt 1 could not do withont it :
his neck by a ribbon)" is my. tapering off
token. He called frequently afterwards to
see me; and his parting 'advice was
"When you want to drink rum, fall down
upon your knees and ask God, for Christ's
sake, to protect you ; this you will find bet
ter than signing any pledge. And he was
right.
Educational.
We make the following extracts from the
State Superintendent's annual report for
1859, which we commend lo the good sense
of Directors and patrons of the schools of
our county :
MISDIRECTED rPVCATIOK.
In pome of the rural districts directors per
sist, regardless of complaints and remon
strance, in keeping the schools open seven
and eight hours a day, often only a short in
termission at noon, and the school houses
not always properly furnished and ventila
ted. The practice apparently originates in
an unconsciousness of the radical difference
belwen mental and nianuai labor;andthe
beHef that ;f ff)f ;nfttancCj a robust wood.
, u: v ,11 .I u,nn.
UV L' vail Dn nig ijw cav i. uui "titiu.t
injury the brain-work of growing children
can be adjusted lo a similar standard.
These errors ol enlightened ignorance
find their counter-parkin more enlightened
communities, in the forcing system of tui
tion still too often encouraged in both pub
lie and private schools in onr commercial
metropolis, and Pome of our interior cities
, arge towng iistaUirig knowiedg0 for
., - . . or dawn;n2 woraan
hooJ Wth a caU,ogue of lext books and
KluJies lliat might atlonish a university;
j j5 rrolific of 60perficial attainments, or
feebla health, broken constitutions and pre
mature graves, that are ignorantly, but not
the le?s falsely and irreverently charged to
"a mysterious Providence," instead of inex
cusable violations of the physical laws of
our being, fo obvious and palbable, that he
who runs may read. In its immediate ap-
plication and ultimate results, the policy re
, taj application 1? proper lor children ana
I voutU) and can salely be exacted of them ;
and thus tho period of lile that should be
one of genial culture, and the gradual, nat
ural, healthful development of the whole
being, becomes one of painful sacrifice and
misdirected self-destroying effort.
CHOICE OF TEACHERS.
Two applicants presented themselves for
employment by a board of directors One
1 of lhem liejj a good certificate, had taught
j ihe gchoo, or tWQ gaVQ general sat-
1 isfactioilf and wa9 decided choice of a large
majorily of lhe patrons of the school. The
other had taught two shert terras, at inter
vals of several years, did not hold so good
a certificate as the other, and was a justice
of ihe peace, and expected to attend to his
duties as such while teaching. The board
desiro tho opinion of the Department as to
which of the two should be employed. The
1 emphatic answer is, tho first named leacher
care. 1 nu can oniy ue uuuh, uy iuo em
ployment of tho best teachers amongst those
r. . 1 - V . I U tU am
I who prcfent themselves, or can be had,
wherever there is a material dirtereace in
their qualifications. Again, teaching is a
difficult a.id arduous vocation, requiring
closo application, and taxing the time,
thoughts and energies of those who fol
low it, and should be the principal, if not
the exclusive business of those engaged in
it, and not an incident, or appendage to
other interests or pursuits, aud least of all
subordinate to them. The practice of teach
ing merely as a help weight to some other
interest or pursuit, belongs to a past age,
and directors owe it to their constituents,
and the latter have a right to demand, that
it shall not be sanctioned except in cases of
extreme necessity ; and where a competent
teacher, devoted to the business, presents
himself iu competition with one of inferior
qualifications, and who, as in this case, in
tends to engage in other pursuits, directors
should unhesitatingly employ the former
and reject the latter.
teachers' wages.
Economy is always a commendable vir
tue in school directors, provided it be gen
uine, and does not degenerate in parsimony.
But the last place to economize is in
teachers' wages, and the directors cannot
practice the virtue in ihis direction, without
losing vastly more than they hope lo gain
by the operation. Skillful and successful
teachers are entitled to full compensation
and can fairly earn it ; and if it cannot be
bad, .they will as a matter of course go
where they can get it, or quit the business ;
whilst half price teachers are a dear bar-
is lo-t, for the teacher could not earn it,
and the pupils have spent their time with
out being benefitted, and quite likely will
have to unlearn what they did attempt to
acquire. A low priced teacher is not a cheap
teacher, and it is a great misfortune that this '
fact is not more generally understood.
Pennsylvania loses a large per centage of
her best teachers, because they are - not
properly compensated at home. Some of
the western counties have been deprived
this fall, ol many of their most worthy
teachers, because of the large reduction iu
the wages offered ; and wherever this has
been the case, the schools will go back
ward more during the coming winter, than
they could go forward in two winters in the
hands of good teachers Even "hard times"
and the "frosi" do not justify ihe employ
ment of low priced, incompeleat teachers.
It is ar. unwise and unprofitable business
every way. Teachers' examinations can
not build up the system, so long as those
who merit and receive first-class certifi
cates, are driven out of the schools by the '
inadequate compensation offered.
There is another crying evil, and it is this:
"Paying fair wages to inferior teachers,
that should; not be "paid to any but good
teachers. The wages thould always he grad
uated to the qualifications of teachers. Pay a
good teacher, good wages ; and if yon mut
put up with an inferior teacher, cut down
the wages, until he qualifies himself, or a
better one can be had, and then raise the
wages accordingly. But don't cut the
throat of the school system by paying good
wages to good and bad teachers alike, for it
is only offering a premium to incompe
tency. School directors are the back
bone of the school system. Ther have
more power and responsibility than all the
other officers of the system put together.
And this is right ; but they can only "mag
nify their office" and uphold the system, by
looking at their duty, in this respect, in its
true light, and then faithfully performing it,
with the same practical shrewdness and
sound judgment that they would exhibit in
the management of their own private busi
ness affairs. The principle is the same,
the policy the same, and, applied to lha
common schools, the results cannot be
otherwise than eminently beneficial ; while
the contrary policy must, every where and
always, prove disastrous.
PROVISIONAL CER11FICATCS ; ALTER ATI0M9.
To prevent alterations in the provisional
certificate after it is granted to teachers,
Superintendents are advised to write the
words "one," "two," "three," &c , opposite
the respective branches, instead of using the
figures, "1." "2," "3," Lc. This Till more
effectually prevent erasure or alteration of
figures of a low grade, and thesubstilulien
of those of higher value, which is some
times attempted by dishonest teachers.
IIow a Lady Preserved Webster's Eeplj to
llayne.
The Taunton (Mass.) Gazette incorpo
rates the following interesting reminiscence
in a notice of the article on "The National
Intelligencer and its editor," in the last
Atlantic Monthly.
"It will be seen from this Interesting nar
rative that there was a time when Joseph
Gales 6tood alone among Congressional re
porters ; and to still further illoslrate hs
position in that line, we call to mind what
we once heard an intimate friend of Mr.
Webster say we owed to him and his wife
with regard to the celebrated reply to Mr.
Hayue. Meeting the Massachusetts Sena
tor as he was going to the Capitol oc that
morning, Mr. Gales inquired of him how
long he intended to speak ; aboul half an
hour was the reply. The editor's duties at
that time were pressing; but he ventured
to take 60 much time from them. Mr.
Webster, however, shortly after met Judge
Story, who eaid lhat be thought the timo
bad come to give the country his views ou
the Constitution.
Mr. Gales took up his pencil unaware of
the new arrangement, and alike uncon
scious of lha lapse of lime under the en
chantment of the orator, and consequently
he wrote on until the close of the spell.
Some days passed away, and the "proof
of the speech not appearing, Mr. Webster
called on the reporter, and made inquiry.
"I have the notes," said Mr. Gales, "and
Ihey are at your service, as 1 shall never
find time to write tbem out." This led to
some remonstrance and persuasion, but the
overtasked editor siood firm. Then Mrs.
Gales came to his rescue, by saying that
she thought she could decipher her hns.
band's hort hand, as she had formerly oc
casionally done po Mr. Gales doubted,
seeing that it was fifteen years since she
had tried it But she bad heard the speech,'
and a the resistless sweep of its arguments
and the gorgeous aud massive magnificence
of its imagery were yet vivid on her mind,
she persisted in undertaking the difficult
work. In due time thereafter, the fair
manuscript came to the hand of Mr. Web
ster for final correction. Scarcely a word
needed to be changed ; and soon a set of
diamonds costing a thousand dollars, ac
companied the rick thanks of the eloquent
statesman. Thus was saved to literalure
the most memorable oration of ihe American
Senate.
It is conferring a kindness to deny at once
a favor which yon intend to refuse at last.
Neoro Eqcalitt. The voters of New
tv3
3 . i cn