B. W. Weaver, ProprleUr.]
VOLUME 9.
TIIE STAR OP THE NORTH
is PUBLISHED EVERT WEDNESDAY MORNING BT
It. W. WEAVKR.
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TUB WUKLU WITHIN.
Many tell us of tlis beauties
Of the world wherein we dwell;
Of the foreal, rock and fountain,
Of the crystal light and dell,
Of the onward ties that chain uz
With a holy binding spell;
Of the gentle word ol kindness,
That invite us—that it well.
Still there's a worlj of beamjr
Lies hidden from the view—
The sacred world within us,
With its varied shape and hue.
Who can read the happy spirit 1
Who can paint the pleasing scone !
Are not thoughts that thus inherit
Brighter far then gems may seem ?
Have not hopes more verdant foliage
Than the palm or lorest tree?
Do not thoughts more gently ripple
Than a peaceful moiiiidit sea !
Though the storms of adverse fortune
On the outward world may frown,
Still the inward world may glisten
With a radiance all its own.
Thejrock majestic towering,
The cuvein-bounded shore,
May be matched in mind's imagining
Till time shall tie no more;
The ocean'* v at expansion,
With its fathomless abyss,
And treasures deeply hidden,
Are small compared this.
The mind s insatiate longing
With emt|es motion* ule,
Knows no ending or u limit
Through tho active path of life;
Even then its powers expanding
When this world no more is seen,
Proves the beautiful enduring
Of the world that dwells within.
Frt i-7i Matoulny's History of England.
Tltut dates mid Ikitnw-Notliliigi-m in 10*0
iu England.
One Titus Ovtcs, a clergyman of the Church j
of England, haJ, by his disorderly life and !
heterodox doctrine, drawn on him the cen
sure of his spiritual superiors, had been com- i
polled to quit his benefice, and had ever
sines led a vagrant life. Ho had once pro- ■
fessed himself a Roman Catholic, and had
passed some lime on the Continent in Eng
lish colleges of the order of Jesus. In those
seminaries he had heard much wild talk
about the best means of bringing England
back to tlie'true Church. From hints thus
furnished he constructed a hideous romance,
resembling rather the dream of a sick matt ,
than any transaction which ever took place
in the real world. The pope, he said, hid
intrusted the government ol England to the
Jesuits. The Jesuits had, by commissions
under ilia great seal of their society, appoint
ed Catholic clergymen, noblemen, and gen- j
tleman to all the highest offices in Chttrclt j
and State. The papists had burned down
London once. They had tried to burn it ;
down again. They wera at that momeut
planning a scheme for setting fire to all the i
•hipping in the Thames. They were to rise
at the signal and massacre all their Tioles. 1
tant neighbors. A French army was at the
same time to land in Ireland. All the lead- j
ing statesmen and divines of England were
to be murJered. Three or four schemes had
been formed lor assassinating the king. He
was to be stabbed. He was to be poisoned
in hit medicine. He was to be shot with
silver bullets. The public mind was so sore
and excitable that these lies readily found
credit wi:h the vulgar; and two events which
speedily took place led even some reflecting
men to suspect that the tale, though evidently
distorted and exaggerated, might have some
foundation.
Edward Coleman, a very busy and not
very honest Roman Catholic intriguer, had
been among the persons accused. Search
was made for hit papers. It was found that
he had just destroyed the greater part of
them; but a few which had eseaped con
tained eome passages which, to minds
etrongly prepossessed, might 6eem to confirm
the evidence of Oates. Those passages in
deed, when candidly construed, appear to
express little more than the hopes which the
posture of affairs, the predilections of Charles,
the still stronger predilections of James, and
the relatione existing between the French
•nd English courts, might naturally excite
in the mind of a Roman Catholic strongly
attached to the interests of his Church. But
the country was not then inclined to construe
I lie letters of papists candidly; and it was
urged, with some show ol reason, that if pa
pers which had been passed over as unim
portant were filled with matter so suspicious,
some great mystery of iniquity must have
been contained in those documents which
had been carefully committed to the flames.
A lew days later it wis known that Sir
Edraonrfsburv Godfrey, an eminent jnstice
of the peace, who had taken the depositions
of Oates against Coleman, bed disappeared.
Search was made, and Godfrey's corpse was
found in a field near London. It was clear
that be had died by violence. It was equally
clear thsl he had riot been set upon by rob
bers. His fate is to this day a secret. Some
think that he perished by hi* own band;
some, that ha was slain, by a prise le enemy.
The gnoet improbable supposition is, that bs
BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY,: PA., WEDNESDAY. FEBRUARY 18. 1857.
w murdered by the party hostile to the
court, in order to give color to the story of
the plot. The most piobtble supposition
seems, on the whole, to be that some hot
headed Roman Catholic, driven to phrensy
by the lies of Oatcs and by the insults of the
multitude, and not nicely distinguishing be
tween the perjured accuser and the innocent
magistrate, had taken revenge of" which the
history of persecuted sects furnishes but too
many examples. If this were so, the assas
sin must have afterwards bitterly execrated
his own wickedness and folly. The capital
and the whole nation went mau with hatred
and fear. The penal laws, which had begun
to Jose something ol their edge, were shar
pened anew. Everywhere justices were bu
sied in searching houses and seizing papers.
All the jails wero filled with papists. Lon
don had the aspect of a city in a stale of
siege. The train-bands wero tinder arms all
night Preparations were made for barrica
ding the great thoroughfares. Patrols march
ed up and down the streets. Cannon were
planted round Whitehall. No citizen thought
himself safe unless he carried under his coat
a small flail loaded with lead to brain the
popislt assassins. The corpse of the mur
dered magistrate was exhibited during seve
ral days to tho gore of great multitudes, and
was then committed to the grave with strange
and terrible ceremonies, which indicated
rather fear and the thirst of vengeauce than
sortow or religious hopes Tho houses in
sisted that a guard should be placed in the
vaults over which they sat, iu order to se
cure them against a second gunpowder plot.
All their proceedings were of a piece with
this demand. Ever since the reign of Eliza
beth tho Oath of Supremacy had been ox
acted from members of the House of C om
motis. Some Roman Catholics, however,
had contrived so to interpret that oath that
they could lake it without scruple. A more
stringent test was now added, and tho Ro
man Catholic lords were for the first time
time excluded from their seats in Parliament.
The Puke uf York was driven from the Privy
Council. Sirong resolutions were adopted
against the Queen. The Commons threw
one of the secretaries of state into prison lor
having countersigned commissions directed
to gentlemen who were not good Protestants.
They impeached the lord treasurer of high
treason ; nay, they so far forgot the doctrine
which, while the memory of the civil war
was P'ill recent, they had loudly professed,
that they even attempted to wrest the com
mand ol the militia out of tho King's hands.
To such a temper had eighteen years of mis
government brought the most loyal Parlia
ment that had ever met in England.
Yet it may ncem strange that, even in that
extremity, the King should have ventured to
appeal to the people, for the people were
more excited than their representatives. Tito
Lower House,discontented as it was,contained
a larger number of Cavaliers than were likely
to find seats again. Bat it was thought that
a dissolution would put a stop to the prose
cution of tho lord treasurer; a prosecution
which might probably bring to light all the
guilty mjsteries of the French alliance, and
might*lhoi cause extreme personal annoy
ance and embarrassment to Charles. Ac-
cordingly, in January, 1679, the Parbament,
which hud been in existence ever since the
beginning of the year 1661, was dissolved,
and writs wero issued for a general elec
tion.
During some weeks the contention over
the whole country was fierce and obstinate
beyond example. Unprecedented sums were
expended. New tactics were employed. It
was remarked by the pamphleteers ol that
time as something extraordinary, that horses
were hired at a great charge for the convey
ance of electors. The practice of splitting
freeholds for the purpose of multiplying votes
dates from this memorable struggle. Dis
senting preachers, wl o had !ong hidden
themselves in quiet nooks from persecution,
now emerged from their retreats, and rode
from village to village lor the purpose of re
kindling the zeal of the scattered people of
God. The fide ran strong against the gov
ernment. Most of the new members came
tip to Westminster in a mood little differing
from that of their predecessors who had sent
Strafford and Laud to the Tower.
I Meanwhile the courts of justice, which
1 ought to be, in the midst of political commo
j tions, euro places of refuge for the innocent
i of every parly, were disgraced by wilder
I passions and fouler corruptions than were to
j be found even on the hustings. The tale of
Oates, though it had sufficed to convulse the
i whole realm, would not, until confirmed by
' other evidence, suffice to destroy the hum
blest of those whom he had accused; for,
by the old law of England, two witnesses
are necessary to establish a charge of trea
son. But the success of the first irnposter
produced its natural consequences. In a few
weeks he had been raised from penury and
obscurity to oppulence, to power which
made him the dread of princes and nobles,
anu to notoriety such as has for low and bad
minds all the attractions of glory. He was
not long without coadjutors and rivals.—
A wretch named Carstairs, who had earned
a living in Scotland by going disguised to
conventicles and then in'orming against the
preachers, led the way. Bedloe, a noted
swindler, followed; and soon, from all the
brothels, gambling-houses, and sponging
houses of London, false witnesses poured
forth to swear away the lives of Roman
Catholics. One came with a slot) about an
army of thirty thousand men who wore to
muster in the dirguise of pilgrims at Cor
ronra, and to sail thence to Wales. Another
had been promised canonixstion sod five
hundred pounds to murder the Kid'g. A
third had stepped into an eating-house in
Covent Garden, and there had heard a great
Romsn Catholic banker vow, In the hearing
of all the guests and drawers, to kill the he
retical tyrant. Oatrs, that ho might not bo
eclipsed by his imitators, soon added a large
supplement to his original narrative. He
had the portentous impudence to affirm,
among other things, that lie had once stood
behind a door which was ajar, and had there
heard tho Queen declare that she hail re
solved to give her consent to the assassina
tion of her husband. The vulgar believed,
and the highest magistrates pretended to bo
lieve, even such fictions as these. The
chief judges of the realm were corrupt,
cruel, and timid. The lenders of the coun
try parly encouraged the delusion. The
most respectable among them, indeed, were
themselves so lor deluded as to believe the
greater part of the evidence of the plot to be
true. Such men os Shnftsbury and Buck
ingham doubtless perceived that tho whole
was a romance ; but it was a romance which
served their turn, and to their seared con
sciences the death of an innocent man gave
no more uneasiness titan the death of a part
ridge. The juries partook ol tho feelings
then common throughout the nation, and
were encouraged by tho bench to indulge
those leelings without restraint. The multi
tude applauded Oatcs and his confederates,
hooted and pelted tho witnesses who appear
ed on behalf of the accused, anil shouted
with joy when the vordiot of guilty was pro
nounced. It was in vain that the sufferers
appealed ,to tho respectability of their past
lives; for the public mind was possessed
with the belief that the more conscientous a
papist was, tho more likely he must be to
plot against a Protestant government. It was
in vain that, just before the cart passed from
under their feet, they resolutely affirmed
their innocence; for the general opinion was,
that a good papist considered all lies which
were serviceable to his Church as hot only
excusable, but meritorious.
While innocent Mood was shedding under
the lorms of justice, iMo new Parliament
met; and such was tho violence of the pre
dominant party, that even men whose youth
had been passed amid revolutions—men
who remembered the attainder of Slraflord,
the attempt on the five members, the aboli
tion of the House of Lords, the execution of
the King—stood aghast at the aspect of pub
lic affairs. The impeachment of Danby was
resumed. Ho pleaded the royat pardon; but
the Commons treated the plea with contempt,
and insisted that the trial should proceed.—
Danby, however, was not their chief object.
They were convinced that the only effectual
way of securing the liberties and religion of
the nation was to exclude tho Duke of York
from the thione.
I Ire ii in s nml A ppiruttons.
From the experience of many observers,
and my own,* (says Dr. Forbes Winslow ) it
i seems evident that in all cases of incubus, a
| disturbance of the circulation is the predis
j posing cause, and the dreamer thus affected
invariably seems to lose all power over the
voluntary muscles, and this condition of the
muscular system differs from others to be
subsequently indicated. And, further, we
make remark, that in true incubus the inter
costal muscles are implicated, hence the im
potent efforts of (hedtearoer to resist attacks,
and so forth. One example will suffice to
illustrate the latter statement:—
"A gentleman of our acquaintance, of a
robust, active temperament, and well formed
head, dreamed that he saw a low, dirty look
ing boy open his bed room door, and in the
most impudent manner stare him in the
face, seemingly without heeding that ho was
wide awake : and from this circumstance he
became alarmed, from a conviction that
there was some adult associate at the out
side of the bed-room; that lie attempted,
nevertheless, to speak to the intruder, but he
could not; and yet he saw. with a sense of
indignation, the jtiyenile thief open different
drawers, from one of which he extracted a
gold watch, and diamond stud 9 and rings,
with a handful of notes and a bag of sover
eigns ; and after packing them up, deliber
ately, the delinquent came up to his bedside,
and with a most impudent leer, nodded his
head, and said, ''Good night, old chap." The
wrath ol the sleeper was so great that he
tried hard to rise and seize the thief, but he
could not; he was equally impotent in the
attempt to throw something at him, or to
make ar.y r.oise to arouse his servants. But
these efforts awoke him, lying upon Ilia left
side, and his arm pressed against the heart,
while his lower extremeties were cold."
We may, therefore, reasonably suppose,
the whole phenomena to the fact, that some
of the muscles were deprived of a due sup
ply of blood, and 10 an excessive supply of
this fluid to the braio.
The Norwegian and Swedish Lapps make
cheese of reindeer milk, and carefully save
for use all the whey, &c. They milk their
animals summer and winter, and freeze the
milk which is set apart foi cheese. The wo
men consider this ns a great luxury. It is
remarkable for its pleasant odor, and has a
ready sale in Norway at a rather high price.
The Russian Lapps have no idea of making
cheese from their reindeer milk, although
the manufacture, beyond a doubt, would be
of great advantageto them. The milk iadis
tinguisbed for its excellent flavor ; in color
and consistency it is like (hick cream from
the milk of cows, and is remarkably nour
ishing. ,
iy Wealth oreatea more wanta than it
supplies.
Trath and Right Cod up our Country.
LitmNDANI) ITS INHABITANTS.
The number of the Russian Lapps does not
exceed 2,000 ; those of the Swedish Lapland
were estimated in 1844 at 4,000. and those of
Northern-Norway 5,000 —n aggregate of only
11,000 souls. Besides the Lapp population,
there are to be found o:t the shore of tho
While Sea several villages of Hussians,
stretching along liom Keren to the Bay of
Kandalasch (or Candalax.) Between the vil
lage of Kandalaschka and Kola, on the coast
at the mouth of the Touloma, a distance of
213 wersts,—l4l miles—there are seven post
stations, the mails being carried from one to
another by reindeer, four of which animals
are kept at each station. This mode of trans
port, however, is only employed in winter;
in summer everything being transported first
a few miles by land to Luke lmandra,
then the whole length of that fine body of
water some sixty mites) thence across to the
River Touloma, nnd down that stream to
Kola. The navigation of tho lake, by the
way, is not always free from danger.
The language of the Lapps is similar to
that of the Finns, from which race they ore
originally an offshoot. The Lapps are gen
eially of middle stature. They have large
heads, short necks, small brown-rod eyes,
owing to tho constant smoke in their nuts,
high cheek bones, thin beords and large
hands. Those of Norway uro distinguish
ed from the Russian Lapps by the blackness,
luxuriance and gloss of their hair; the more
northern portion of the race ore somewhat
larger, more mascular and ol a lighter com
plexion than the rest. Those of Sweden and
Norway are to some extent more cultivated,
enterprising and industrious than those of
Russia, and make light of the greatest priva
tions and hardships. The richest ol the lat
ter have not more than 800 reindeer, while
the former possess Irom 2,000, lo 3,000. In
Sweden and Norway, whoever owns from
400 lo 500 passes lor n man in moderate cir
cumstances; with 200 a small family with
proper prudence can live without suffering
from want but less than this number plunges
a family into all the troubles of poverty.—
Whoever has not more than 50, adds his
beard to that of some rich man, and becomes
his servant—almost his slave, and he is bound
in tho proper season lo lollow him lo the
hunting or fishing grounds.
Fish, game and the flesh of the reindeer
are the usual food of the Lapps. Bread Ihev
never cat, though of the rye meal which they
procure in Koto or ol rtm It.tiainron In trmier
for the products ol their reindeer herds, they
make a sort of flat or pan cake, mingling the
meal with the pounded bark oi trees. For
this purpose the meal is first soaked in cold
water, and the cakes baked upon a hot iron.
They are eaten with butler or codfish oil,
which is esteemed a great luxury. The min
gling of the bark with the meal is not done
merely for the sake of economy, the Lapps
considering it an excellent anti-scorbutic.—
They are very fond of salt, and eat nothing
uncooked. Their cookery is all done in un
linned copper vessels, perhaps becan-e in all
Lapland there are no pewterers; more prob
ably, however, it is a long-descended cus
tom, sinco in all Northern Asia the use of
copper was formerly universal, and the art of
overlaying that metal could hardly be known
by the rude inhabitants. Nevertheless cases
of poisoning from the copper never occur,
being rendered impossible by the perfeot
cleanliness of the copper vessels, which after
every meal are scoured with sand till they
shine like mirrors. Besides, after the food
is rufficiently cooked it is immediately pour
ed into wooden vessels ol home mauulac
ture.
A Clean Sell,
j A shrewd countryman was in New York
the other day, gawky, uncouth, and innocent
enough in appearance, but in reality with
his eye teeth cut. Passing up Chatham
street, through the Jew's quarter, he was
continually encountered with importunities
|to buy. From almost every store one rushed
out, in accordance with the annoying cus
tom of that street, to seize upon and try to
force him to buy. At last a dirty looking
fellow caught him by the arm, and clamor
ously urged him to become a customer.
"Have you got any shirts V inquired the
countryman with a very innocent look.
"A splendid assortment, sir. Step in sir.
| Every price, sir, and every style. The cheap
| est in the street, sir."
I "Are they clean *"
"To be sure sir, step in sir."
"Then," resumed the countryman with
perfect gravity, "put one on for you need
it."
The rage of the shop keeper may be ima
gined, as the countryman, turning upon his
heel, quietly pursued his way.
IV Eliza Emery warns all girls in the
South and West to look out for her gay, de
ceiving runaway husband, David. Thinks
he may be easily known; nnd to prove so,
says "David has a scar oa his nose where I
scratched him."
If A law in Kentucky allows any widow
who has a child between six and eighteen
years of age, to vote in the school district
meetings.
cy it ia a singular fact, that when the In-'
dian swears he swears in English. There
are no oaths in the Indian vernacular.
E7* An old maid, speaking of marriuge,
says it is like any otter disease—while there
ia life there ia hope.
OP Hope ia the light of the lamp, but
Faith is the light oi the sun.
THE MISERIES Of lIUUPS.
Hoops mske useful, pretty toys
For active little gir's and hoys ;
But hoops on woman, gentle.
Are things to snaer at and to scoff,
And like the whoop of a whooping cough,
Neither useful nor ornamental.
For while frail woman bones her skirls,
And with a skeleton Haunts and flirts,
She ha* so much to carry,
Alan finds it hard with her to talk,
And harder still to sit or walk,
But hardest of all to marry.
For when a smitten wretch has seen,
Among the lost in crinoline,
Tho one his heart holds dearer,
Oh ! what a chill to ardent passion,
To feel that lliro' this hollow lush ion,
He never can bo nearer!
That instead of timidly drawing near,
And pouring into tne thrilling ear
The flood of his soul's devotion,
H must stand and bellow in thunder tones,
Across a hall acre of skirts and bones,
As if hailing a ship on the ocean!
And if, by chance, the maid of his choice,
Shall faintly hear tier lover's voice,
And smiles her condescension—
\\ by he captures a mass ot hoops and rings,
Skeletons, hones, and other tilings
Too horrible to mention.
Thus lovely woman hoops to lolly,
And drives poor man to melancholy,
By her great frigid zones;
Then let tier hear a warning voice,
Between Iter hoops and hopes make choice,
And give the dog. her bones.
Hard Study versus Hard Filling.
; Students and dyspeptics, read this article
from Hall's New York Journal of Health:
Hard study hurls nobody, but hard eating
does. It is a very common thir.g to attribute
the premature disability or death of students
and eminent men to 100 close application to
their studies. It has now come to he a gen
erally admitted truth, that hard study, us it
is culled, endangers life. It is a mUehiovous
error that severe mental application under
mines health. Unthinking people will dis
miss this with the exclamation o( "Thai's
all stuff, ' or something equally conclusive.
To those who search alter truth, in the love
of it, we wish to offer some suggestions.
Many German scholars have studied for a
lifetime, for sixteen hours out of the twenty
four, and a very large number, from twelve
to fifteen hours ; lived in comparative health
and died beyond the sixties.
One of llie most sterling living minds,
Professor KiU'imnn, the elder, is now, in
midwinter, traveling, through the country, at
the age of nearly eighty years and in good
health, delivering geological lectures, living
mentally on hard rocks, iron, irridium and
the like. Another strong example of the
truth that health and hard study are not in
compatible, is found in the great Missourian,
Thomas 11. Benton, now past three score and
ten, and in the enjoyment'of vigorous health;
a more severe student than he has been and
is now, the American public does not know.
Dr. Charles Caldwell, our honored precep
tor, lived beyond the eighties, with high
bodily health, remarkable physical vigor,
and mental force scarcely abated; yet for a
great part of his life, lie studied fifteen hours
out of the twenty-four, and at one lime gave
but'four hours to sleep. John Quincy Ad
ams, "the old man eloquent," is another
I equally strong example of our position. All
j these men, with the venerable Dr. Nott, now
! more than eighty years old, made the pres
! ervation of health a scientific study, and by
\ systematic temperance, neither blind nor
I spasmodic, secured the prize for which they
i labored, and with it, years, usefulness, and
honor. The inculcation of these important
truth* was precisely the object we had in
view, in the projection of ibis journal, with
the more immediate practical application to
■ the clergy of this country, whom we see
j daily disabled or dying scorns of years be
i fore their lime; not as is uniformly benevo
; lently stated, from their "arduous labors,"
j but by a persistent and inexcusable ignorance
ol the laws of life and health, and wicked
; neglect of them. We use this strong lan
guage purposely, for the ignorance of duly
j to their own souls; for upon both classes of
] duly the lights brightly shir.e, full bright
I enough for all practical of
| nature, of science, of experience, and of
grace. How much of the hard intolerant
theology of the times was concocted and
perpetuated by dyspeptic stomscbs, rellect
ing men can readily conjecture. We take it
upon ourselves to guard and guide the shep
herds. We would like to say much more
on this subject, but long articles are neither
read nor copied, and by many a long cigar or
a long quid would be preferred. For the
present, therefore, we content ourselves with
the enunciation of the gist of this article.—
Students and professional men are not so
much injured by hard study as by hard eat
ing; nor is severe study for a lifetime, ol
itself incompatible with mental and bodily i
vigor to the full age of threescore \ ears and
ten.
WHO Owns LAUD IN GREAT BRITAIN.—In!
Great Britain about sixty thousand families
own all the territory, which is occupied by I
over twenty-seven millions of inhabitants.—
Five noblemen—the Marquis of Breadal
bane, the Dukes of Argyle, Athol, Sunder
land and Rucrleugh— own, perheps, one
fourth of Scotland. The estate of the Duae :
of Sunderland comprises about seventy thou
sand acres, or more than one thousand square
miles.
CAN IT SB TRUE.'—The New York Even
ing Post saye there ere at leatt two thcusanu
gambling houses in that city, and probably
a hundred faro bank*
| Ancient nud Modern Water Works uud
Tunnel*.
! We are liable to (orget the great works of
j tho past, in our admiration of the present age,
lionce it is a good thing sometimes to recall
what the old engineers have accomplished,
as a healthful stimulant to exuite our modern
I engineers to greater efforts.
The old Roman aqueduct*, for supplying
that city with water, in the days of its glory,
when compared with the greatest of modern
works of this kind, dwarf them into insignifi
cance. Rome had one aqueduct—Aqua Apia
—ten miles long all underground ; another—
Anio Vetus—forty-threo miles and neatly all
underground also; another—Aqua Marcia—
fifty miles long, and tho Anoi Nevus fifty
nino miles long, with arches 109 fret high.
I'here were also four other aqueducts a-
I mounting to nine altogether, for supplying
| Rome with water by gravitation, for there
wero no steam engines m those to pump it up
from tho adjacent river Tiber for city u, ti
is now done in Philadelphia, Chicago, Cleve
land and other of our cities.
The noblest work of modem engine -ring
for supplying any city with water i* undoubt
edly the Croton Water Work* ol New York
It* artificial tunnels aro carried over vallies,
through hills, and over a distance ol
forty miles. Tho work is stupendous In be
sure, lor it carries a condensed rivet (mm the
mountains into the City, but compared to tin
old Roman water tunnels is not so much to
boast of.
Tho city of Montreal has recently finished
some great work ol engineering for supplying
itself with in the same manner as lite city ol
Philadelphia, by employing the water power
of the river In pump itself up to an olevated
reservoir. Tho water from tho St. Lawrence
immediately above the rapids, is connected
by canal five miles long to a basin where two
large wheels 30 feet in diameter work force
pumps, which drive tho water through iron
pipes lor about three miles to a double res
ervoir situated on the mountain behind the
city, at a height of 200 feel above tho river
level. Thee reservoirs contain 20,000 000
gallons, ami were cut out of tho solid rock.—
Thus froin tho elevation of 200 loot the wa
ter is conducted through the whole city
Next to the Croton Water works those of Mon
treal, we understand ore the greatest of tho
kind iu our continent.
From present indications there ara a num
ber of cities in llip United Slates which will
1 yet surpass old Home in extent and popula-
I lion, and which must he supplied with wan r
from distant sources. As no city can be be it
s elean ant! healthy without a good supply of
I water, we tell Miein to go to Home fur er
j couragement and example,
j .Soma great works of tunneling or boring
; through mountains, have, within a few year*,
i been executed in Knrope and in our own cou.i
--: try, for carrying railroads thro' ilpm, and ihe
1 tunnel now boring through die Green Moun-
I tains, three miles long, is considered to ha
the most expensive work of the kind ever
attempted by our engineers; hut we have
only begun to exeeu'e works of this kind,
and we require in he stimulated. The Aila
glienies, the Uncky Mountains and other
| mountains have yet to be tunneled to make
pathways through them for the '-Iron shred."
Look at what the old Unmans did. Tbey cut
a tunnel as part of a drain for Luke Fue:uc.
and it was bored one mile through a moun
tain of bard cornelian. It was in the form
ol an arch, nine feet w.de and nineteen feet
high. There wos no gunpowder then to as
sist the miners in blasting; all ihe work of
rutting was executed inch by inch by etp.v'y
labor with the pick, wedge and chisel. Con
sidering the amount of labor required for this
work, our engineers have much to incite
them — Scientific American.
AN UNFORTUNATE MAN. —Shc-rifl I
Wright of Northampton, Mass., is some hi u
of a wag. A few days ago a scurvy - look ii: •
stranger presented him with a paper, ear
nestly begging for money. Believing him
an tmposter, Mr. Wright banded back the
paper, saying: '•( presume you woulJ'n:
have asked me if you had known my situa
tion ; for whether you believe it or not, ev
ery bit of property I have in the world u in
the Kinds of the Sheriff.'* The astonished atid
compassionate stare of the fellow's eves a*
that monveal- was a sight to see.— Sprinpficl I
Republican.
PRECOCIOUS CIIII.P.AEV.—A writer i: 5' .1-
irood's Migatiut has the foil 'wing sensrb'e
remarks upon the system of u '.natural forc
ing many parents adopt in traini g thel:
children in order to gratify their own p-.de
with their pnteraatural displays of smart
ness :
" How I have heard you. Eusebius p y
the poor children! 1 remember you look;..:
at a group of them, an J reflecting. 'Fo • .'
such is the kingdom of heaven." an i tut -
ing away thoughtfully, and sa\ i g. -O
is the kingdom of trade!" k child of t'.tr • •
years of age. with a book in its i tit
hauds, is a fearful sight! It ;s too often the
dca'h warrant, such as tie condemned >. J
piditv looks at —fatal, yet beyond Us com
prehension. What should a child V roe
years old—nay. five or si \ years old— ■
taught! Strong meats for weak digestions
make not bodily strength. Let there be
nursery talcs and nursery thymes I would
say to every parent, especially to every
mother, sing to your children; tell them
pleasant stories; if iti the country, be not,
too careful lest flicy get a little dirt upon
their hands and clothes: each is very much
akin to us *ll, and in children's out of- f
door play soils them not inwardly. There .
is in it a kind of consanguinity between j
all creatures; by we touch upon
[Two Dollars per Annas.
NUMBER 5.
tlio common sympathy of our first sub
stance, and begot a kindness for our poor
relations, the brutes. Let children have a
free, open-air sport, and fear not though
they make acquaintance with the pigs, the
donkeys, and the chickens—they may lorse
worse friendships with wiser-looking ones ;
encourage a familiarity with all that love to
court them—dumb animals love children,
and children love thorn. There is a lan
guage among them which the world's lan
guage obliterates in the elders. It is of more
importance that you should mak" vur chil
dren lovii g, than that you should make
them wise, that is, book-wise. Above all
things, make them loving: then w ill :hey
be gentle and obedient: then. also, parents,
if you become old and poor these will !•<4
be'ter thnn friends ' w ill never nc,;h :t
you. Children Lnu?.-i up lovingly ai your
knees, wil' never shut iheir doors upon you,
nod point where :l, -y would have von go."
n.tKATHlMj.—There arc cortai > physiolog
ical laws which, from their simplicity as •
well as their importance, i liould be tnmiliar
lo every person. These principles can l.ard
lv be too often urged upon the attention ot
the reading rommunily: for it is a melan
choly tact that with all that has been writ
ten and said upon tiro sul jeet of health,
there is a widespread ignorance or indif
ference in relation to its preservation.
The process of breathing i- verv simple,
though the machinery by which it is per
formed is complicated and wonderful. And
herein, at least, -all men are created equal;'
neither can man boast in this respect over
the brutes beneath him, for all existence is
sustained by the same process. Here the
prince and the beggar—,l.3 man of colossal
intellect and the meanest insect, ore upon
a common level.
Vet the art of breathing seems but ill
understood, or if understood but poorly prac
ticed. Certain it is that thousands of peo
ple of both sexes stop breathing altogether
long before they have lived to old age, for
the simple reason that they do not breathe
properly while tliey have a chance. Con
sumption. asthma, and kindred disorders,
that count their victims by multitudes which
no man can number, result in numerous
instances from this fruitful source o: mis
chief. The hurgs are ,-o constructed, that
the largest one (tiie right iung). when prop
erly used and developed, will c uc&ir. s gel
lon of air: yet it may b : so contracted as to
con'ain 110 more than a til. an i when tins
stage ol contraction i., reached, a nerson
nad be tor make his v.,. , an 1 all cher
necessary ar.a:.go.uc.,t ; . .hi LU untimely
den
It is jrtsf as easy to haye a i road chest
and fully developed longs a is to have
t'icm contracted; yet there is only one way
given, "under heaven or tiniuii" men,"'
whereby this reer.lt rr.iy t e grained. and
that i- to breathe r j-f v. 1. the first
place, if you v.ot. ddo t!. you mod keep
erect, whether -.ttir.g : standing: and then
you mitt breatlie faliy—that is you must
till the lungs to th. ir very lottom." Further
more, you should often give th- i.ngsati
extra, strength®:.irrg, 1 y throw! g back yntir
arms ar.d shoulder) as far sap legible draw
ing in all the ai- \ a "i. and • hen lefin it
ofl by the slowest process. This invigorate.,
the whole system, and soon becon es a lux
ury which one will not dispense with. It is
particularly necessary f r penoi > f -eJeu
tanii.-s. tea.-: e-. etc. T;.-:- 7 - aid
never allow thcmsol w • : - si-, jr - <tccping
posture: an : 25 c ion p.* sveiy half hour
should get up and fill their hr:, H the
luaitner just described.
lOUI r. ret;* " ■
h:.'i or higher tb~n the l ead Waat i§
more common than r? z nvin
• f - ' ' ' - •- a : .. •? o'c
' higher than his chair? T.e practice is
a; once vulgar and m . re fee a.- l. long
eon inued, car: but re.-ul: chsastr rcaly to tje
health.
I.te true position of he body is ir.dispet:*-
able. A person should make 1: a mage: of
serious ar.d soiernn duty net to get into the
habit of stooping. They cau soon get ac
customed to it. tnat it is as ea*v to stana
erect as to bend. Those in tie hat;: o:
•'coping may find : qt.ea struggle to over
come i•; but the reward vr.l. rick v rera v
the lab sr. Not o-.lv -uld hie s loping
posture be avoided throng it the day. bur
also in bed. Ta ■ position shi -id be such
during sees tha: e in; ,s i I imfice the
greatest .-oss.b e qua.- ,y c.
T. s leads us ta remark up tire reattl
ao: sleeping apartiae:::s. i. ;s ai; astas
ia ; lac: that hundreds or fan:. :es sleep witi
-1 :.c-h t:. cc re.'ul'y closi gah the doers
a . w ..ideas '.hat cau admit auw as tiiosfh
it were a.™ eueny against which they were
to barricade .I.e.- castle*, aigtead c a S M
w _ v.: .i v ea • t ve To a:
ot" a bedroom -bus v rs-i' ed ever and
over tga. .\1 .: bee - rep ere and u -
hc.i ... d b;- - the system is
IMIWSjiI. I disease s erg* ;b*ee -
Pee!'. ■* "u'd be be lit w 1 a- ere to
- i-pena.-: tru'or of ' laiioo: but
even where they are rot. a partial reetedy
•\i for a w tadow can be ra-ed, or a dec:
opened, or both.
Those suggestions, as we have aheadv
intimated, are 01 as sauavs k id, #*■ •
every perso-i can -asbaovswac aaia aaopt
Their importance can let be oversMOKa
tod The whole subject of pbys-oiogy is
oue ot the greatest importance, and ao was
should be tgnetaat is reiecion te ike strws
•rue ot his svstem end Ae proper use m
fuuerioos.—lf