The star of the north. (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, August 20, 1856, Image 1
/ THE STAR OF THE NORTH. B. W. Weaver, Proprietor.] .Volume 8. "fHE STAR OF THE NORTH ■ U PUBLISHED EVERT WEDNESDAY MORNING BY R. XV. WEAVER, OFFICE— Up stairs, in the new brick build ingltm the south side of Main Street, third square below Market. TERMS :—Two Dollars per annum, if paid within six months from the time of sub scribing: two dollars and fifty cents if not paid within the year. No subscription re ceived for a less period than six months; no discontinuance permitted unlit all arrearages are paid, unless at the option of the editor. ADVERTISEMENTS not exceeding one square will be inserted three times for One Dollar and twenty-five cents for eaob additional in sertion. A liberal discount will be made lo those who advertise by the ye*r. Pod rj). STRAY THOUGHTS. BT W. SEAMAN DC ARE. I'm fitting in a corner Of my cosy little room ; I'm thinking of the laces That mark my distant home. A quiet, hoi) whisper Steals o'er the sacred spell; I smile, whilst faintly sighing, The reason shall f tell t My heart is quickly beating A true, responsive strain, . It murmurs lorth a melody, if * And murmurs not in vain; £ Each though! is fondly uttered, Each note breathes forth a thrill, That seems to waft an echo From hearts not with me still. Oh, deem it not a fancy, A day-dream of the heart, To cling to by-gone pleasures, Where friendship played a part; The blood that daily quickens Emotion's hidden stream, (A Irom its depths reflecting An ever vcplconie stream— A calm, a soul lit dawning— A pure and sieadlaet light, Is gently, softly spreading Its halo purely bright ; And from the distant mountain Come stealing with the gloom, A ray that ever kindles A love, a thought of home. A tear may longer glisten— A sigh, unknown, may rise— The heart in silence struggle, Each thought may yield the prize: But still they ever mingle A soothing draft with rare, From absent hearts distilling The love still centered there. TIIK GLORIOUS VICTORY IN KEN. j TUCKY. The Democratic victory in Kentucky i ' overwhelming. Nobly have the old line j Whigs of that gallant Slate carried out their nrincfples in acting as our allies in this im portant contest. Everywhere are the doing the same, acting with and for the only Na- ■ tional parly now in existence in the country. The Louisville Courier, an old line Whig pa- J per, has the following gratifying intelligence: i The Result in Kentucky. —We have returns by telegraph from several of the most impor tant points of the State They all indicate very large and decisive gains for the Anti- : Know-Nothings. Indeed, we have no doubt : but (hat the result of yesterday's election in ' Kentucky will show a majority of ten thou sand for the Democtacy. The issue of party ! politics in this election wis forced upon the 1 Democratic party, and it has manfully, and triumphantly met the issue. This result ia hut a foretaste of November. Throughout Kentucky the love of the Union preponder ates above all oath-bound and secret faotions. The news strikes the enemies of the Union with consternation. Their hopes are blasted in every quarter. lowa as good as lost to the Republicans, Indiana and Illinois sure lo vote the Democratic ticket, with the chances that Ohio will do the same—no hope for them in Wisconsin, very little in Michigan, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, New ; Hampshire, Maine, or Rhode Island, it ia no wonder that the hxmonters have such long I faces end heavy hearts. The Louisville Times explains the causes that operated to swell the Know Nothing ma jority in that city. Tbey will hardly be al- j lowed lo operate al the Presidential election in November, so we may confidently expect a still'greater majority al that lime than the one we have now obtained. The following is the article to which we have alluded: 7hi Election in Louisville. —There was an •lection held in this city yesterday, but the Know-Notbings bad it all tffelr own way.— But few Democrats went to the polls, nor could tbey be persuaded to do so. Numbers of the very best Democrats in the city posi tively refaeed to vole. Tbey preferred that the election should go by default, than to en ter the contest unorganized and unprepared, . where but a pailial Democratic vole could be given. As fot the Germsni they nedtly - -all left the cily, with their fantilier, on Sat urday, Sunday, and yesterday morning, ap prehending rioting and mobs on the part of the Know-Notbings. The city is yet under •tfco reign of terror,' although there was no riffling yesterday. The Know-Nothings were busy all day, and doubtless voted their full strength. SHAHMAM AND RANDOLPH. —Mr. Sherman was srepaesenistive in Congress from Con necticut , bis business had been that of mak ing shoes. John Randolph, vr'ti had Indian blood in cum,rose and with bis usual squeak ing sounds said, "I should like to know what the gentleman did with his leather apron be fore he set out for Washington." Mr. Sher man replied, imitating the same squeak, "I cut it up, sir, to make moocasina for the de scendants o< Pocahontas I'* QT There' is something oesectially shallow in the play of character, until feeling gives U play and intensity.' BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA PA-WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1856. OTFBLOOK NOTHING. Some persons seem to go through the world with (heir eyea shut, others keep them al ways open. The latter, at every step, are adding to their elock of knowledge and cor recting and improving their judgmei*, by ex perience and Observation. They keep their minds ever awake and active, and on the alert, gathering instruction from every occur rence, watching for favorable opportunities, and seeking, if possible to turn even their failures and mischances to their advantage. Such persons will rarely have occasion to say, "I have lost a day" or " To weep o'er that flew More idly than the summer's wind." They will make every event the occa6.on of improvement, and will find " Boooks in the running brooks, Sermons in stones, and good in everything." To the attentive observer, even irature it self will appear a vast scroll, written over by the finger of God, with instructive, though sometimes mysterious, cheracters, while to the careless it would seem at best but a blank or scene of confusion "without form or come liness," possessing little to excite curiosity or admiration. To the yonng especially, we would recom mend the habits of close and careful observa tion. Wo .would say to them, "overlook nothing, do not despise the day of small things. Endeavor to turn the leisure time you may hare, the money you mayeeatm t or inherit, the privileges you may enjoy, in short, everything to the best account. Take care of the minutes and pence, and the hours and pounds will take care of themselves. He who learns lo regard his leisure mo ments as valueless, and habitually-squanders for trifles the small sums of money he may have, because they are small, will never be learned or rich. I lie secret of succe.s is to be careful of little things. " Spend no moment but in the purchase of its worth, And what its worth, ask deathbeds—they can tell." Hints to Yonng Learners. Noah Webster, in his manual, says : In early life, duriog my course of education, much time was spent in learning what I nev er had orcaeion to apply lo any purpose what ever, and a great part of which has long since been forgotten ; but I neglected to learn many things which I have had occasion to use all my life. A great deal of time and labor was employed, for the most part, was wasted, in reading, or reading and studying without any specifio object. It "bras not (ill I commenced the study of law that I discovered the mistake. I then changed my conree of oiudy, and to. stead of reading to learn general facts and principles, many of which could not be re tained in the memory, I directed my atten tion to particular questions or points, each separately, and thus was able to become fully possessed of each subject, and to recollect boih facts and principles. A mistake like this is probably not ur.com l mon. It often occurs in sohools in which , children are directed to learn definitions, or , general principles, without any, application 1 of them to particular objects or cases. These, of course, make little impression on the mind, and many of Ihem are soon forgot , ten." tbenp Premium ol Insurance- George Sumner lately lectured in New York upon the Educational characteristics of Europe, where he spent several years. We extract the following paragraph ; 11 If there be any moral to the tale I have told, it may be enmmed up in a few wordi. Pay your school lax without grumbling: it is the cheapest premium of insurance on your propriety. You are educating those who are to make laws for yourselves and your child* ren. In this State you are educating those who are to elect your judges. Build more school houses ; they will spare you the build ing of more jails. Remember the experi ment of other countries shows that the de velopment of free and extended education has been followed by public and private prosperity; that financial "success and politi cal tranquility hare blessed the lands which have recognized itc importance. Remember j that education without freedom is barren in its results; that freedom without (he educa tion of the moral sooiitnems soon runs into anarchy and despotism ; and that liberty, ev er vigilant herself, demands ceaseless vigil ance in her votaries—liberty will not linger long in these lands, where her (win-sister knowledge was neglected. Indian Summer r Life. In (he life of the good man there is an In dian summer more beautiful than (hat of the seasons; richer, sunnier, and more sublime than the most glorious Icdian summer which the world knew—it is the Indian summer of the soul. When the glow of youth has de parted, when the warmth of middle age is gone, and the buds and blossoms of spring •re changing to the sere and yellow leaf, then the mind of the good man, still ripe and vig orous, relaxes its labors, end the memories of a well-spent life gush forth from their re cret fountains, enriching, rejoicing and fer- < tiiizing; then the tiustful resignation of the Cbristiau sheds around a sweet aud holy warmth, and the soul, assuming a heavenly lustre, is no longer Testricted to the nairow confines of business, but soars far beyond the winter of hoary age, and dwells peace fully and happily upon that bright apricg and summer that await bini within the gates of Paradise, evermore. Let us strive for and look trustingly forward to an Indian summer litre this. A STORY FOR BOYS. It is related of a Persian mother, that on giving her eon forty pieces of silver as hie portion, she made him swear never to tell a lie, and said, "Go my son, I consign thee to God, and we shall not meet again till the day of judgment. The youth went away, and the party he traveled with were asaulted by robbers. One fellow asked the boy what he had got, and he said, "forty dinars are sewed up in my garments." He laughed, thinking he jested. Another asked the acme* question and re ceived the same answer. At last the chief called him,and asked him the same question, and he said, "I have told two of yoar people already that I have forty dinars sewed up in my clothes." He ordered the clothes to be ripped open, and found the money. "And bow cute you to tell this?" said he. * " Because," replied the child, "I would not be false to my mother, when I promised nev er to tell a lie." "Child," said the robber, "art Ihou so mindluOof tby duly to thy mother at tffy years, and I am insensible al my age of the duty I owe lo God 1 Give me tby hand that I may swear repentance on it." He did so, and his followers were all struck with the scene. " You have been our leader in guilt," said they to the chief, "be the same in the path of virtue;" and tbey instantly made restitution of their spoils, and vowed repentance on the boy's hand. •' There is a moral in this story, which goes beyond the direot influence of the mother on the child. The noble sentiment infused into the breast of the child, is again transformed from breast to breast, till tbose who feel it know not whence it came.— Mrs. Whittlesey's Magazine. Minerals we Km. "All know," says the Portland Transcript, "that many men have a great deal of brass in their composition, but perhaps all are not aware of'.he variety of materials that enter in to and form a part of the hnman system." A writer in Dickens' Household Work thus tells the story : " These minerals, which are inlerwoven with the living stractureof the plant, are taken up into the fabric of the animal. And to tis they are as important as the meanest vegeta ble that grows. I, who write this, boast my self living flesh and blood. But lime strength ens my bones ; iron flows in my blood ; flint bristles in my hair; sulphur and phosphor ous quiver in my flesh. In the hnman frame tho rock moves, the metal flows, and tne ma terials ol the earth, snatched by the divine power of vitalitf from the realms of inertia, live and move, jnd form part of a soul-ten anted I rams. Ia (be very secret chamber of the brain there lies a gland, gritty with earth ly mineral matter, which Descartes did not scruple with a crude scientific imoiety to as sign as the residence of the soul. You could no more have lived nor grown nor flourished without iron, and silicia, and potash, and so dium, and magnetism, than wheat could flourish without phosphorous, grass without silicia, cress without iodir.e, orclover without lime. We are all of us, indeed, of earth, earthly." Female Character^ Daughters should thoroughly acquaint them - selves with the hgsiness and cares of a fam ily. These are among the first object of a woman's creation ; they ought to be among the first branches of her education. They should learn neatness, economy, industry and sobriety. These will constitute their orna ments. Nature will appear in all her loveli ness of probation, of beauty ; and modesty, unaffected genlleoess of maner, will render them amiable in the kitchen and dining-room, and ornaments in the sitting-room and parlor. Everything, domeatio or social depends on female character. As daughters and sisters they decide the character of the family. As wives, they emphatically decide the charac ter of their husbands, and their condition also. It has been, not unmeaningly, said that the i husband may ask the wife whether he may be respected. He certainly must inquire at the altar whether he may be prosperous and happy. As mothers, they decide the char acter of the children. Nature has construct ed them as the early guardians and instruct ors of their children, and clothed them with sympathies suited to this end.. "THOUGHTS FROM CHANNING.—Do not, as some do, look on the child as born under the curse of God, as natural hostile to ail good oesa and trnth. What! the child totally de praved I Can it be that such a thought ever entered the mind Of a human being, espe cially a parent? What! in the beauty of childhood and youth, iu that open brow, that cbeerfnl smile, do you see the band of total corruption ? Is it a little fiend who sleeps so { sweetly on his mother's breast? Was it an infant demon which Jesus look in his arms and said, "Of sueb is the kingdom of heav en ?" Is the child who, as you relate a story of suffering or generosity, listens with a tear ful or kindling aye and a throbbing heart, is be a child of hell ? As soon conld I look on the countenance of childhood and youth, and see total depravity written there. IdT" Tiic iageof the Buffalo Republic thinks that <if a young man spends two hours with • lady every evening, and bar old folks don't make any fuse about it, and his old folks don't make any fusa about it.theyoung folas may be said to be engaged.' Truth Ami Bight Sod Aid oir Country. COMMITTEES OF VIGII.ACNE. " The following tre the Committee* of Vig ilance appfimed in the sf veral townships of Columbia county by the Democratic Stand ing Committee: Bloom— Daniel Lee, M;C. Woodward, Ja cob R. Grool. Benton —Richard Stilea ( " Samuel Rhone, Alonzo M. Baldwin. Briar creek —Hudson Owpn, Dayid Shaffer, Nathan Seely. Beaver —Charlea Michael, Moses Shlicher, Samuel Johnson. Centre—Charles H. Dietench, Joseph Pohe, Henry D. Knorr. Cattawissa —Casper Rahn,fsaiah John, Pe ter Bodine. Conyngham— Dr. R. Wolfarth. Franklin —Reuben Knittle, Wm. Robrbaoh, Peter Kline. onae- Doty, Apple man, £larman Labor. Greenwood— Samoel Gillespy, Isaac De wilt, Elijah Albsrtson. Hemlock —Jesse Ohl, Isaac Leidy, Win. 11. Shoemaker. Jackson —John McHenry, jr., Iram Derr Thomas W. Young. Locust —David Yeager, Jacob Sline, Leon ard Adams. Mifflin —J. C. Hetler, Jno. Michael, Chris tian Wolf. Maine —Jacob Sbugar, Jos. Geiger, Isaac Yeller. Mountpleasant —Sam'l Johnson, PhilipKis tier, John Mordao. Montour —Evan Welliver, Jacob Leiby, W. G. Quick. Madison—J. A. Funston, Schoo'.ey Allen, John Fruit. Orange —Hiram R. Kline, John Megargle, John Lazarus. - • - Pine —John Leggett, Albert Hunter, Enoch Fox. Roaringcreek— John C. Myers, George W. Dreisbach, M. FoeHeroff. Scott— John H. Dewitt, Enoch Howell, Charles Bachmah. • • Sugar loaf —Alinas Cole, W. B. Peterman David Lewis. Iv BACON'S APOPTHEMS (NO. S3) we find mention of the Fable imputed to Charles Lamb, but whether assumed by him we know not. ''When his lordship was newly advanc ed to the Great Seal, Gondomar came to visit him; my lord said, that he was to thank God and the King for that l.onoi; but yet, so he might be rid of the burthen, he might very willingly forbear the honor; and that he for merly had a desire, and the deFire remained with-him yet to lead a private hie. Gondo mar answered that he would tell him the tale •f •<> old ral, who, must needs leave the world, end acquainted the young rats that he would retire into bis hole, and spend the rest of his days solitarily, and would enjoy no more comfort; and commanded them upon his high displeasure not to come to see him. They forbear two or three days. At last, one that was more tardy than the rest, incited some of his fellows to go in with him, and he would venture to see how bis father did; for be might be dead. They went in and found the old rat sitting in the midst of a rich Par mizan cheese. So be applied the Fable af ter this witty manner."" Lamb has tel l the story somewhat differ ently and decidedly better, as follows: A Fable.—By Charles Lamb. —" My dear children,." said an old rat to his young ones, "the infirmities of old stge are pressing so heavily upon me, that 1 have determined to dedicate the remainder of my days to morti fication and penance, in a narrow aud lone, ly hole which I have lately discovered; but let me not interfere with your enjoyments. Youth is the season lor pleasure; be happy, therefore, and only obey my last injunction— Never come near trie in my retreat. God bless you all." Deeply affected, sniveling audibly, and wiping bis paternal eyes with his tail, the old rat withdrew, and was seen no more for several days; when his youugest daughter, moved rather with filial affection than by that curiosity which has been attrib uted to the sex, stole to bis cell of morlica lion, wbioh turned out to be a hole, made by his own teeth, in an enormous Cheshire cheese I" a EF" THE CHEERFUL TEACHIB— X cheerful, kind-hearted teacher will always be welcome to his pupils. They will rejoice to see him approaph-the school house, even if the hour of study has not yet arrived ; because tbey know he rejoices in seeing them happy, and will not interrupt their amusement before the regular time. But the morose and ill-natured teacher is ever unwelcome, and hated by his scholars. He is regarded as the enemy of their happiness, and rarely enjoys the confi dence of his school. On the other hand, the teacher, especially of large boys, should not forget the dignity of his profession, nor place himself entirely on a level with bis pupils.— They should be taught to respect, as well as to love and confide in him. While itiaprop er that be should witness, approve and con trol their recreations, we think it in general unadvisabls for him to participate in them. HUSBAND AND WlFE.— With a dug wife, the husband's faults shouldbe a secret. A worn, an forgets what is done to herself when she condescends to that refuge of weakness, a female confident. A wile's bosom should be the tomb of her husband's failings, and his character far more valuable, in her esti - mation, than his life.. %3t " Some of the domestic evils of drunk enness," says Franklin, "are houses without windows, gardens without tillage, bams with out roofs, children without clothing, princi > pies, or maoners." SUM MKR. Like a maiden lightly laden, Silken summer sweet and fair, With the flowers wreathed by hours In her flowing golden hair, Comes in shadows o'er the meadows Strewing sunshine everywhere. Winds are blowing bland, and sowing Life and fragrance on the breeze, Or a-Maying blithely playing Hide and seek me through the tree, Or a skipping light and tripping Winsome dances o'er tiie seas. Father, mother, sister, brother, Youthful, aged, rioh and poor, Merrily weaving songs, are leaving Gloomy room and dusky door, For the fountains in the mountains With their gladness running o'er. What a feeling must be stealing Through the city's panting clay, As the singing birds are flinging Hints about the fields away, Where the showers clothe the flowers In the velvet robe and gay. Day resuming life is pluming Giant pinions in the sky, So that slumber shall not cumbet Life and action till it die; Waking ever great endeavor To the deed sublime and high. Day reclining is resigning Life and action to the night, While the paling moon is falling O'er the valleys sweet and light, So the spiiit cannot bear it, But in dreamland takes a flight. Livid moonlight, pallied moonlight, Spreads a sheet upon the plain, While the cleaving books are weaving Threads of silver with a strain Of jich laughter babbling after Lovers happy in their puin. BAYARD TAYLOR is the author of the follow ing little gem : AT HOME. * The rain is sobbing on the world, The house is dsrk, the hearth is cold; And stretching drear and ashy gray Beyond the cedars lies the bay. My neighbor at his window stands, His youngest baby in his hands; The others seek his tender kiss, And one sweet woman crowns his bliss. t look upon the rainy wild; I have no wife, I have no child ; There is no fire upon my hearth, And none to love me on the earth. 17 Arnvine says of Slieiidan—"This able, eloqueot and polite man, was the sou of an actor without any fortune except his educa tion, contrived in early life to purchase the half of Durry Lane Theatre, without a shil ling of property, and to live the greater part of his life in princely splendour. And what is more extraordinary, he acquired such con fidence In the princes of the blood royal that, when the regency government was formed ia 1811, and a family counsel was held at Carleton House after midnight, to arrange the policy of the government, he was the only person nt*"of blood royal present, and was the chief and almost the only speaker in ef fecting the important arrangements." 17 One of the principal actors at the Com edie Francois stopped short in a tragedy at this passage, "I was in Rome." It was in vain that he began the passage several times ; ha never could get farther than Rome. At last, seeing there was no help for it, and the prompter as embarras#ed as himself, was unable to find the place, or to give him any assistance, he turned his eyes coolly upon him and said with an air of dignity, " Well, •ir, what was I doing in Rome!" GT Count D'orsay in his book on etiquette has the following. It is a noble sentiment; " Gentility is neither in birth, manner nor fashion—hut in THE MIND. A high sense of honor—a determination never to take a mean advantage of another—an adherenoe to trnlb, delicacy and politeness towards those with whom yon have dealings, are the essential and distinguished characteristics of a UENTLE MAN." f?" The celebrated Comedian, Finn, is sued the day previous to one of his benefits at the Tremont Theatre in '.he city of Bos ton— i Like a grate full of coals 1 burn, A great full house to see ; And, if I prove not grateful too, A great fool I shall be. HT It was after Burke's celebrated speech at the trial of Hastinge, that a friend of the latter wrote the following impromptu, which to our mind can hardly be surpassed : Oft have I wondered, that on Irish ground, No venomous reptile ever yet was found; The secret stands revealed in nature's work— She saved her venom to create a Burke." 17 Franklin was an observing end sensi ' ble man, ar.d his conclusions were seldom incorrect. He said that a newspaper and bi ble in every house, and a good scbool in ev ery district—all studied and appreciated as merited—are the principal supporters of vir. tue, morality and civil liberty. 17 Words are little things, but they strike bard. We wield them so easily that we are apt to forget tbeir hidden power. Fi'ly spo ken, they will fall like the sunshine, the dew and fertilizing rain, but when unfitly, like tbe frost, the hail and the desolating tem pest. 13T In Bacon's Apopthema the following is Tetnsrked of Queen Elizabeth : The Queen used to eay in her instructions to her great officers, 'they were like to garments, straight at first putting on, but dicl, by aod by, weßr loose enough.' 17 When a man dies, people generally inquire what properly belts* left behind. Tbe angels will ask what gdbd deeds he ha* sent before him. u' From the Medical Reformer. INFLAMMATION. at JOHN B. PRETTTMAN, M. D. The term Inflammation is applied to a col lection of phenomenon that are found asso ciated together in any portion of the organ ism where a sufficient obstruction to the vi tal functions exists. These phenomena are all the result of the increased amount of blood determined to the part by a kind of vital, vegetal action peculiar to all the high er grades of organized bodies. It is unnecessary that we enter into an original minute description of all the ana tomical, physiological and pathological changes that occur from the inception to the termination of the inflammatory condition, for in such a case it would necessarily be a repetition of what had been well said by many writes of modern times, and perhaps by no One better ami more concisely than by the world renowned author of "Lectures on die Principles and Practice of Physic," Thomas Watson, M. D., etc., froni whom for, the purpose of analysis and induction, as well as for the description, we shall quote: Let us suppose, that a healthy man re ceives some local, mechanical injury—thai he falls, for instance against a window, and gets a piece of glass stuck into his arm. In a short time he begins to have pain in that part of the arm, and this is soon succeeded by redness, and increased heat and swel ling. The skin becomes of a bright red col or; the swelling increases. In the immedi ate place of the injury the swelling is firm and hard, and exquisitely tender: at some distance from that centre, although there is still swelling, the parts are softer and more yie'ding. In the seat of the redness and swelling the patient experiences a sense of heat, a burning pain; the part is sensibly hotter than natural to the touch of a by stander ; and if its actual temperature be measured by means of a thermometer, it will be found to exceed the temperature of the neighboring surface. Theparlisit\flamed. The first condition here noticed is one of injury to the vital organs of the part. Our author states that in a short time he begins to have pain in the part; but it is very cer tain that the sensation of pain is felt on the instant the injury is inflicted. This messen ger (pain) instantly conveys to the sensori um an indication of the injury, and the con tinued presence of an irritant, keeps up this effect upon the nerve, which constitutes ir ritation. Irritation then is a vital act, exci ted and maintained by any thing that inter feres with the integrity of the organism. It is simply a continuation and exaltation of sensibility, in consequence of the continued application of the cause or condition that excites it. Irritation then, may be consider ed the first step, on the part of the organ ism, toward inflammation. The sensation received by the nerves at the seat at tack, by a reflex action, excites a change in the circulation of the part and the bloodves sels are seen to contract, (Paget's Lectures on surgical pathology p. 198,) and their con tents are forced onward more rapidly. If now the excitant or the condition that gave rise to this action is removed, this state grad ually ceases and the vessels antl the circu lation through them assume again their av erage or normal slate. But in the case pro posed by Mr. Watson the remote or exciting cause is still continued and wo soon have the second step in the inflammatory pro cess, active congestion, fully developed. This stato consists in a general enlarge ment of the blood-vessels of the part, with an increased flow of the blood in them, ac companied by redness, heat and swelling. I "In the immediate place of the injury the | swelling is firm and hard, and exquisitely tender: at some distance from that centre, I although there is still swelling, the parts : are softer and more yielding." In the im | mediate place of the injury, the power and j olasticity of the vessels is weakened and ! overcome; consequently they are unable to i force the blood, that is driven into them from the sound and healthy arteries, on, in its | natural channels. This state of the vessels, I a state of loss or debility of function, is a j sine qua non of the inflammatory process. ! The inability of action on the part of the in jured vessels admits all the blood that can be forced into them, without the power on their part to expel it. This constitutes a state of "passive congestion" at the imme diate seat of the injury, and plainly indi cates the reason of the firmness of the swel ling at that part; while the sound vessel of the immediate vicinity are in a condition of "active conjestion," until their natural con tractility is overcome by the encroachments of the 'passive conjestion' at the seat of the injury. In every case of inflammation we have these two conditions of the circulation plainly manifest. That of "passive conges tion" at the immediate seat of the injury, as the legitimate result of a loss of function, and that of "active congestion" consequent upon an exaltation of function in the sound and unobstructed vessels of the immediate vicinity. In consequence of the loss of func tion in the vessels, that are the seat of the "passive conjestion" the circulation in that part ultimately ceases, and the blood looses its vitality, when a destructive chemical process is set up by which the solids and fluids that have been deprived of their vital ity are changed into pus. The symptoms of this second stage of the inflammatory process, are increased red ness, heat, pain and swelling; let us exam ine them. The redness is increased because the ves sels of the part are fuller than usual of red fluid, viz: the blood. This symptom requires no comment. It is a well ascertained fact, as long ago demonstrated by the immortal Hunter, that the temperature of an inflamed part never ; exceeds that of the hjood at the time. The ' natural heat of the blood is about 98* (F ) ■■ M. i— : ■ [Two Dtllars per Annua. NUMBER 31. -b, v-.u- ilm.circulation, in fa ret and severe inflammatory affections, IU temperainre of this fluid 'often rises to 108*, or even more, and this degree of heat is of ten manifested in the tissues that are the seat of inflammation. Through the circu lation, the animal heat generated in the lungs, is transmitted to every part of the body, and if an unusual quantity of blood is sont to any particular locality, the temperature of that part is increased ill a corresponding ra tio: but this temperature never can &xceM that of the scource from which it is derived. The pain of inflammation seems to be en tirely dependent upon the amount of com pression exerted upon the nerves of the part by the unusual fullness of the blood-vessels and tissues of that locality. Hence in the more dense and inelastic tissues, the paid accompanying inflammation is, cccteris par ibus, much more severe than in the muscu lar aud more elastic structures of the body. I An inflamed tendon is much more pain : ful under an equal ambiint of inflammation; than a muscle, because the latter structure, more than the former, yields to the pres sure applied. The tenderness or extreme sensibility of the inflamed part when pres sure is applied, is in a great measure the result of the same condition; the pressure increases the compression, and consequent ly the pain. It is but another turn of the screw of the vice that is already compres sing the intervening finger to a very painful degree. That there is an exaltation of func tion in tho nerves of the part, we do, and have horelofore admitted, in the beginning of this chapter, and is it not that this should occur? Irritability is a vital property .of nervous matter, and this prop erty may be excited far beyond its normal exhibitions by the continued application of an irritant, as is lite case in the condition under consideration. Apart from the con- tinued irritation applied to the ndtves of,an inflamed part by the compression to which they arc subjected, it is not an unreasona ble inference that the increased flow of blood through the uninjured and unobstruct ed vessels ol the inflamed vicinity, should imparl an increase in the nutrient materia! of the nervous structure tvlioreby its natufal function is iucreased. Sitnon, (general pa thology p. 55) tells us, that, "the use of an organ, in proportion as it is intense and long continued, occasions an additional abund ance of developmental blastema to exist in that organ, as is evidenced by the greater rapidity with which the elements of the or' gan are reproduced.'"' Another of lhe symptoms of iqflatnijia tion, and one which perhaps requires a more extended analysis is that of swelling. This phenomenoji depends also an a great degreo upon the unusual distension of the vessels of the inflamed part. Ii all the blood ves sels with which an inflamed locality is sup plied are filled to their utmost capacity, swelled out, enlarged, this must give an in-" crease of bulk to the whole part in which the condition obtains. But much of this phenomenon is the result of another change which is of great interest and importance td the student of pathology; I refer to tfiat of effusion. It is a well established physio logical fact that the difforent tissues of the body are nourished from the blood by a sys tem of capillary exudation in which the no trient material passes through the delicate coats of the capillary vessels. Says the author last quoted, (same book, p. 51,) "If the capillaries did not suffer this certain quantity to transudo for feeding the parus to which they are distributed, then the circula tion would be a fruitless performance; the blood might as well bo in a bottle. You may saj of all growing parts of the body that their elements lie in an atmosphere of fluid material derived by transudation from the capillary blood-vessels—material con stantly renewed from the same source, and possessing all the characteristics of the orig inal fluid, (i. e. of the liquor sanguinis,) with no other differences than those of a varying concentration." In inflammation this transudation is great ly increased, owing to the increase of hy drostatic pressure made upon the column of blood in tho capillary vossels by the increas ed determination of this fluid toward the inflamed locality. This increase in the phys iological activity of the circulation must be followed by a corresponding increase in the natural exudation of the ultimate vossels; and when the inflammatory action is in tense, the character of the exudation par takes more of the more solid and plastic constituents of the blood; and the force with which the circulation is driven to the part may be so great, as, in some debilitated con dition of the vessels, to even rupture their delicalo coats and allow all the constituents of the blood to pass into the interstices of the tissues. This increase in the' nutrient exudation of an inflamed part fills Up the cellular tissue and augments the phenome non of which we speak. In describing the condition of an inflam ed part tho fluid which find their way into' the interstices of the tissues are by patholo gists generally reckoned as the result of effusion. But it must be evident that there can be no effusion, properly speaking, ex cept the coals of the vessels are ruptured either by the force of the original remote cause of the inflammation, or by the amount of pressure exerted by the congestion. Tho exudation through the porous coats of the capillary vessels may be so considerable as to produce all the symptoms characteris tic of effusion, but the product in such a condition does not contain all the constitu ents of effused blood, and the terminations of such a condition will be . quite different from that in which effusion, properly speak ing. is foundr I" 'ho former case the termi nation will usually be in resolution, in tho latter suppuration. But, lest -1 anticipate my subject, let me proceed to a continua tion of the quotation from the learned au thor, and leave tho further discussion of this subject to occupy its appropriate place, a mong the "terminations of inflammation."'