The star of the north. (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1849-1866, October 11, 1855, Image 2

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    thay have dona for another country. Mr. <
Malthoa, one of the profoundest ihiakers of
hie day, calculated ibat the population ef
England would increase ao rapidly, suppo
sing it* natural growth to be unchecked, that
at the end of a certain lime the noil would
not yield a eubeitience for the half of the peo
ple. For the other balfatareation waa the on
ly proepeet, unleea a merciful Providence
would kindly send war, peatilenoe and plauue.
to thin them out, and reduce their number to
gluel with the quantity ol food, which they
Maid produce. Tlue dismal theory waa be
lieved by the foremen men in the world;
and it would have been true, if the land had
not afterwarda, been cultivated with greater
•kill, than before. But it turned out to be a
total miataka. The population of England
did increase, as rapidly aa Malthua predict
ed ; but the egricuitural products of the coun
try have increased in a ratio two hundred
and fifty'per cent, greater than the popula
tion. The people, who were to have been
starved long ago, or else prematurely cut off
by millions al a blow, are living better than
ever, with two and a half times aa much food
for each individual, aa they bad when the
theory waa announced.
With the system of collivaiion practised
now in some parts of Europe, the soil of
Pennsylvania, could be made 10 support fif
teen millions of persons. There are large
MgiOnt in Scotland, naturally poorer than
■ny land we have in this county, and under
• sky far leu genial than ours, covered all
over with crops, which lbs richest valleys in
the West, would not be ashamed of; and
wheat ia produced, bushel for bushel, at a
leu expense than it is here.
This is but the beginning ol the end. All
that has yet been done, is as noihing, com
"pared to what may yet come. Hitherto, Ag
riculture has been traveling over rough roads,
in an old fashioned slow coach. She is a
bout to lake the railroad, and with a mighty
train of her sister arts, she will go sweeping
•long. Not being either a prophet, or the
•on of a prophet, I have no right to predict
eoything. But one of these days, we may
he startled by some grand discovery, which
wilt bnrst upon the world, like the light of a
new sun. Very sober-minded men live in
tbe hope of seeing such things. Ona of the
moat successful farmers in this Sla£ has de
clared his conviction, that, before long, ma
nures will be so concentrated, that a man
can oarry out, in his pocket handkerchief,
what will enrich the land as much as a hun
dred wagon loads would now. This is very
extravagant, no doubt, and quite aa foolish '
as it would have been thirty years ago to
prophesy of railroads, telegraphs, or daguer
veotypes. About fifteen years since, a per
son, whose name I have forgotten, said, that
be knew how any plant, from the tallest for
•at tree, to (be tiniest blade of grass, could
be made to grow four limes as fast ss it does
naturally, and with almost no additional
trouble. The government refused to buy his
secret, though the most distinguished men
et Washington, lo whom it was confidential
ly revealed, certified their belief in it. If it
be really true, it will.be heard of again. It
would be something to raise four crops a
year, instead of one. Actual experiments
have repeatedly shewn, that a plant may be
made to germinate, rise above the ground,
unfold its leaves, and grow lo maturity so
rapidly, that it seems to the beholder like
magic- Electricity, I believe, is the stimu
lus used. A gentleman in England laid a
Wager, that he could raise a dish of salad,
fit for use, in less than three quarters of an
boat from the moment the seeds were depos
ited in the ground. He tried it, and won the
bet. Professor Espy has proved, in a man
ner which admits of no denial, that even the
• weather may be controlled, and extensive
rains ba produced, by artificial means. It
has been done, more than once in our Slate.
In Florida, where the materials can be easi
ly had, it ia no uncommon thing, in a dry
time, for persons to get up showers, at an
hour's notice, on their own private account.
Perhaps such facts as these are more curious
than important. I mention them, merely tn
•hew that there ia something to hope ior in
tbe future, not from these things only, but
etberr, as yet not dreamed of in your philos
ophy. These are but the shadows, which
coming events have cast before them. The
wave whiclf will bear us onward, has not
reached na. Bnl we feel it swelii ng beneath
US, and see its lofty crest in the dislsnce. In
• little while, it will lift us nearer to the stars
than we ever expected to be in this life.
But how are the Agricultural Societies to
help litis cause? I answer, much, every
way. No great change has ever been wrought
in the habits of any people, without a uni
ted effort. Political principles, moral re
forms, religion itself, are spread only by so
cieties. As a bundle of sticks, tied together,
is stronger than any separate stick, so is the
' united effort of an organised body of men,
more powerful than any separate efforts,
which can be made by the individual mem
bers. When yon have a building to raise,
you do not invite your neighbors lo come at
different times, and requesttsach one to take
a lift by himself. Io that way they might
break their backs without doing you any
good. The building will never go up, un
less they all lift together. If agriculture is to
be elevated, it can only be done by a simul
ianeona lift. At such a raising, you oan
wall afford to spend all tbe time that ia re
quired.
Tbe emulation exoiled by such a society,
though very important and useful in its ef
fects, ia the least of its advantages. The
County sociatiaa are in communication with
the State society, and with one another. A
good thought might be made to travel among
them almost aa fast as the telegraph could
qarry it, and a humbug exposed by one, need
never trouble the rest. All tbe societies in
the State ate, ia fact, but one; and you have
the multiplied strength of all to aid you in
•nv enterprise you wish to carry. But the
great purpose they serve, ia seen in these pe
- riodieal exhibitions. They are the beat means
ever yet invented, of collecting the eviden
eee. and satisfying the people, on tbe whole
subject. Tbe world ie full of imposture. No
man but a fool would ohaoge his mode of
cultivation, or throw away hie old imple
ments for other*', unleea ba kntu that ha waa
doing so for tha better. How can ha know,
unlet* be ba* an opportunity of examining 1
Seeing it believing. Here, all the success
ful experiment* made in the whole county,
(and many of those made flsewhera,) bra
annually brought together, tod subjected to
public inspection; and for each one of them
you tbe sensible and true avouch of your
own eyea. It was well said, in en address
delivered here about aix month* ago, that
we come here not to hear arguments, bat to
serr facts, and look al demonstration*.
1 ought lo remind you, that lha Stale Soci
ety ia not a mere voluntary association of pri
vate individuals, but a public Institution es
tablished, protected and gus.vded by law
Some or you may not know, that the profits
nf its exhibitions have already made it rioh.
One of its officers to',d me, a few weeks ago,
that it had shout forty thousand dollars in its
treasury. Forty thousand more were proba
bly added last week at Philadelphia. It ia
proposed to invest this fund, or a portion of
it, in the purchase of a large farm, and lo es
tablish a school there, at whioh scientific and
practical agriculture will be tally taught;and
' presume without any expense lo the pupil,
except the labor he bestows on tho farm-
Halt a dozen such schools may be establish
ed in the course of the next ten years, and it
will, perhaps, be your fault, if you do not
have one in this part of the State.
Every oitizen has an interest in this insti
tution—l mean the State Society. You have
a legal right 10 be represented in its coun
cils, and should see that you are. I do not
know, or believe, that it has yet been touch
ed by any man who ia not perfectly honest.
Its active members are certainly far apove
suspicion. But its funds are swelling rap
idly, and it seema very difficult in these
times, to have much treasure deposited any
where, so safely that thieves will not break
through and steal. Somerset County—and
every son that claims her for his birth place,
or hit abode, may speak it with honest prids
—has never produced a public defaulter, and
her people never knowingly sanc'ioned an
act of bad faith. From the highest lo the
lowest of her officers, every one, for sixty
years, has settled a clean acoount. In the
glory of this enviable distinction she stands
almost alone. It is fit that such a County
should be well represented, wherever there
is a common fund, that needs watching.
There are some other topics which ought
not to be overlooked oneuch an occasion as
this. But I have already taxed your pa
tience more than I intended.
The future of this great country ia full ol
exciting hope. But it depends entirely on
the tillers of the soil, whether that hope shall
Ibe realized, or not. The neglect lo improve
our agriculture will be followed by the de
cay of all else that we ought to cherish, in
morals and government, aa well as in the
arts. Mexico has gone all to pieces—the
property of her people is Ihe spoil of robbers,
and their liberty the plaything of a tyrant—
simply because her agriculture is half a cen
tury behind the age. But for this she would
have had an independent and stable govern
ment to-day, and might have laughed to
scorn the force we sent against her in the
late war. A well cultivated soil produces
not only grains, grasses, and fruits, hut an
other, and far more precious crop—men
men who know their rights, and date main
tain them—a bold, honest, aiTd intelligent
ppople—the just pride, and the sure defence
of every nation
On the other hand it startles the imagina
tion tn think what we may become in a few
years, if we adopt the improvements already
made, Bnd keep pace with those who are
yet to be. We have the grandest field to
work upon that was ever opened to tbe in
dustry of man. A territory is ours, stretch
ing through every variety of climate and soil, j
from the wheat lands ot New England, ly
ing, for half the year, four feet deep io snow,
to tbe orange groves of Texaa and New
Mexico, where winter never comes—valleys
of unbounded fertility—mountains filled with
inexhaustible wealth—lakes that spread out
with a sea-like expanse—rivers, which mske ,
those ol Europe seem like brooklets in com
parison—every thing, in short, made on a
scale of magnificent grandeur. The child
may now be born, whose old age will look
upon the American people and see them
three hundred millions strong. Suppose such
a population, doubling itself every twenty
two years and a half—living under a gov
ernment of equal laws—moving onward and
upward, with Ihe energy which freedom
alone can inspire—and aided by the highest ■
science in making the most of their natural
advantages. Who shall curb the career of
such a country, or set a limit to its deep
founded strength ? Milton himself never
dreamed of a power so boundless, or a peo
ple ao blest, even in that enrapturing vision,
when he saw, "a mighty, puissant nation,
rousing herself like a strong man alter sleep,
and shading her invincible leeks," or like an
eagle "rnuing her mighty youth, and kind
ling her undazzhd eye at the full blaze of
the mid-day beam; purging and scaling her
sight at the fountain itself of heavenly radi
ance. The man, who, with liia senses open
lo the truth, would thwart such a destiny, or
refuse bis aid lo accomplish it, as a traitor—
not to his country alonn—but lo tha beat in- I
terast, and highest hopes of the human
race.
NeweLrooe.— Of all the Statesmen of Eu
rope tnd America who look part in publio af
fairs at the fall of the first Napoleon, the only
one now remaining in place is thit Russian
Minister, who commenoed his political ca
reer as a powerful foe to the Napoleon dynas
ty, which he still lives lo combat. All the
publio men ol the United Slates, who were
then eminent in political life, have departed;
a new generation occupy their place, lo
Europe none remain but Nesselroile, the pa
triarch of statesmen, who has survived two
Imperial masters; who, as the first Minister
of Alexander Ihe First, opposed to the aggres
siont ot the great Napoleon, and now, as the
Minieter of Alexander the Second, is the vig
orous foe of Napoleon the Third.
tr The ludiana Presbytery, of the Cum
berland Presby'erian Cburob,bas suspended
from tbe ministry one of its clergymen for
"unchristian conduct," for asaiating slaves to
escape to free territory by the underground
railroad. Th* minister bed boasted or tha
number of slaves he had aided to escape in
this way.
STAR OF THE NOItTH.
R. V 7. WBAVBR, EDITOR.
Bloomsbnrg, Thursday, Oct. 11, 1895.
HISTORY OF SUMPTUARY LAWS.
Is tbe heat of political excitement the blood
all rushes to the bead, and even good and
honest men grow as blind to the light of rea
son as a bat lo the rays of the ann beam—
Now that the fever ia over, the patient may
be fit for cool reflection and rational counsel.
So let us reason together :
It is a little more than a year ago since tbe
leaders of the Temperance party sold them
selves to to the Know-Nothiiiga,and the cause
of moral aeourity wae prostituted to thesolfish
purposes of political partnership. For John
ston, Cameron, Hamilton and men ol that
class tbe te.nperance party was sold in return
for a few offices, from .a Flour-Inepeotorship
down to poor-overseerehip, The honest por
tion of the temperance man were deluded;
and those were aickeoed with hypocritical
cant who had helped to educate and mould
public opinion until the Buckalew law placed
sound landmarks npon the statute book, and
the Sunday liquor law told that another step
had been taken in the right direction. The
popular will was insulted by the passage of a
law which was founded on no correct prin
ciple of morals or public policy, and con
structed without consistency or the least knowl
edge ol jurisprudence. Members of the le
gislature voted for the law because they had
promised the temperance party to do so in re
turn for its votes, and not because they be
lieved in any moral principle of abstinence or
self-denial. Indeed men went for it whose
| lives and habits are a scandal to any pretence
of moral rectitude; and who were delight
ed to think that the law would in a year be
repealed.
Legislation alone ia not moral reform, any
more than definitions and recitations in them
selves are learning. There must be a stami
na behind in the minds of men, ar.d a spirit
to inspire, before we can look for any good
result. If legislation could create wealth,
labor would become obsolete; and if statutes
alone could make men moral there would no
longer be any need to teach %nd preach.
It doea uot prove that a man ia fit for a law
maker because he can dive deeper and come
u|fdirtier than tome other man in the cess
pool of political profligacy. To legislate wise
ly requires a full knowledge of the human
mind ; and an integrity that knows no fear.—
There are many strange corolaries iii mental
philosophy. But there are only two ways to
treat the aggregate mind of the public. Ei
ther the virtue and intelligence of the mass
ie sufficient guard against the frailty of human
nature in individuals, or the government of
the rulers is the only raiety and security to
"pro'ect" and think for the many. The first
is the basis of republican fraternity—tne last
the creed oi patriarchal despotism.
It seemed to us last winter that very few
if any members of the legislature were con
versant with the history of sumptuary laws.
They are no "new thing," but as old aa the
twelve tables of ancient Home which enn
trolled the wastefulness of prodigals, and
unnecessary expeaditure at funerals. The
I appetite for luxury increased with dominion
and riches, and sumptuary laws were from
time to time enacted tiom the 566 th year of
the city down to the time of lha emperors,
restraining, by eevere checks, luxury and ex
travagance in dress, furniture and food. They |
were absurdly and idly renewed by the most
extravagant and dissipated rulers—by such
conquerors as Sylla, Julius Cesar and Augus
tns.
During the middle ages, the English, French
anti other governments were accustomed to
limit, by positive laws, tbe extent of private
expenses, entertainments and dress. Some
traces of these sumptuary laws existed in
France as late aa the beginning of the last
century, and in Sweden in the latter part of
it. The statute ot 10 Edw. IIL prescribed
the number of diehes for dinner and supper,
and the quality of the dishes. The wsges of
labor und the prices of commodities and econ
omy in drees were regulated by law in the
earlieet settlement of that Massachusetts
bolony which buried the witches at Sa
lem. In 1778 there were acta of the legis
lature of Connecticut and New York limiting
tbe price of labor, the products of labor, and
! tavern charges. The statute f New York
was suspended within three months after it
was passed, and repealed within tbe tame
year.
In the Blue Lews tbe Puritans with terri
ble terseness enacted-—" No Quaker shall re
ceive nourishment or lodging. Whosoever
shall turn Quaker shall be banished and if
he return be hanged." The following are
•orne further extracts from the same code:—
"Art. xvii. No one shall run on the Lord's
dny, nor walk in his garden nor elsewhere,
but shall ouly walk lo and irom church witt
gravity.
Art. xviii. No one shall travel, nor cook,
nor make the beds, nor sweep lire house, nor
cut hair, nor shsva on the Lord's day.
Art. xxxi. Air are ferbidden to read the
English Liturgy, to keep Christmas, lo oiako
mime pies, lo dance, lo play upon any in
! strumem except the drum, the trumpet, or tha
jewshdrp.
Lying was punished with stripes, blaapba-
I my with pillory; and the use of tobacco waa
rigidly piohtbiied. "No man shall use to
bacco withoct having exhibited lo the magis
trate a certificate signed by a physician, set
ting forth that tbe use of tobacco is necessary
for him. Then hasball receive a license and
may smoke. It ie forbidden to all inhabi
tants of this colony to use tobacco upon tbe
highways." Extracts fretn the judicial rec
ords, at tbe period wffbn the blue laws were
in vogue, offer more coraioaNe tails, and are
of *o indecent a prudery that our pen refusee
to reproduoe more than an idea of their in
ctedible details.
In 1660, during the brilliant raign of Loaia
XIV., and the debauched reign of Charlee 11.,
was registered thus:
Mey let, 1660, —Jacob Maemurlin* and
Sarah Tuttle wars called before the courl tor
tha following reasons: On lb* marriage day
of John Poller, Sarah Tnillo waited Mm. Mao
ranrline lo ask for sotns thread. Mm. M.,
aent her into the room of bar daughters, where
aha found John Potter and his wife, both of
whom wero lame, and in apeeking to them
she made nee of very improper txpreasioni.
TherAame in Jacob Potter, brother of John
Potter, and Sarah Tattle baring let fall her
gloree, Jacob picked them up. Sarah asking
lor them, he refused unless she would gire
him a kise, whereupon both sat down, Sarah
Tattle with her arm on Jacob's shoulder, and
his about ber waist; tbay remained (bus near
ly half-an-hour, before Mary Ann and Susan,
who testify also that Jaoob did gire a kiss to
Sarah." Here comes in the testimony as to
where were the arms, foreheads, lips, analy
zing that kiss with a rigor beyond all oriti
oisnt, and filling three pages with more aston
ishing, prudish, immodest, serere, and in a
word licentious writing, than can be found
in any norel. Jacob and Sarah are both ad
monished and fined, the court declaring "that
> it is a singular and ever lo be deplored thing
that young people should hs.ve such ideas
and should thus mutually corrupt each other."
Sarah is of unjustifiable corruption in word
and speech, and Jacob's conduct and manner
are "uuoiril, immodest, corrupt, blasphe
mous and deriliah." So he must go to prison
and pay a fine.
Columbia County Klgbt Side Up.
Although the rote on last Tuasday was
rary light in this county, the returna aa far
as recsired indicate the election of the whole
Democratic county ticket, and also of Mont
gomery for Assembly. The majorities will
be small ranging probably from 300 lo 500.
A number of guerilla Democrats out the
ticket which they pretended to support, and
went for Cola and Staley, aa the returna indi
' cate.
We this (Wednesday) morning full
returns from seren townships which together
last fall gave Pollock 70 majority. Thia fall
the majorities in tbem sum up y follows:
Nicholson, ' 78
Sis ley 150
Cole, 140
This is about one third of the county, and
if the remaining townships run in the same
order the majorities for the Democratic tioket
would be about as follows:
Plumer 750
Montgomery 525
Millar 600
Harris, . . , ... 500
Fabringer, . . • . . 750
But as the townships lo come in yet are
generally Demoeratic and the yule light, the
majorities will uot range so high.
P. S. —Orange has since been received
which makes matters better for Montgomery
and worse for Harris. In Pine the vote runs
nearly even.
( olußbia County Election Returns.
Plumer. Ntchofton. Mont. Staley.
Bloom, 98 179 76 198
Briarcreek, 20m 23
Cattawissa, 28m 30
Franklin, 13m 15
Greenwood, 48m 50
Homlock, 110 30 107 43
Madison, 84 77 80 80
Orange, 110 16
Scott, 25 97 26 *96
Sheriff and Treaturer.
Miller. Fortner. Harm. Cole
Bloom, 88 187 88 187
Briarcreek, 34m 2ra
Cattawissa, 35 10
Franklin, 22m 10
Hemlock, 108 43 104 49
Madison, 83 76 79 83
Scott, 2? 96 27 97
Montour county
Monlgomer) will have a majority of about
350 in Montour. The township majorities
are
MONT. STALCT.
Danville, North Ward, 20
South Ward, 10
Liberty, 98
Valley, 5
West Hemlock, 19
Cooper, 16
May berry, 6
Mahoning, I
Plumer will have a majority of between
400 and 500. Wagner is elected Commis
sioner.
This is, we believe, the first time that the
Borough of Danville has given a De moors tic
majority since 1844
Not witty enough to pass for s Trick,
The Know-Nolhings feeling that they
could make no headway against the Demo
cratic ticket in this county, and that they
were in debt to us for many political blows
dealt them in the " Star" noon their vulner
able and sore spots, Ist their malice leak out
by voting for us for Auditor out of spUt. Their
wit seems to have been about as nearly ex
hausied as their strength, if they found any
sport in tbe operation.
It has been our pride to be a source of an
noyance to the midnight conspirators, and
the true Democrats of the county have con
gratulated us upon seaing that our dafenca of
the people's oafnse is apprkeialsd by incur
ring the malignity of the cowardly and mean,
The enmity oif such weak and narrow-mind
ed revenge as was attempted to be manifest
ed on Tuesday is creditable to an honest
man ; but this very movement of the Know-
Nothinge is e confession by them that their
touch is contamination; and that they them
selves know of nothiug more disgraoeful than
their support.
Ws have been need to stand in tbe van of
Democratic ranks end take the blows in
the contests; and if lifa and health is spared
ue, bigotry, intolerance and profligacy will
meet ns yet in many a fray.
• ■ The Kleetion-
Soms stray telegrams from Luzerne indi
cate tbe election of Harrison Wright Esq.,
Dem., to the Legislature.
In Danville Montgomery hatha majority ol
30. Plnmerone ot 62.
J edge Black's Address,
This classical production will come to our
readers like a genial sun after tie storm of
political elements. It will be reviving light
end wertnth to the mind of cultivated literary
taats; for it it donbtful whether any other
soholsr in Pennsylvania, oouldequal the fine
finished production.
The Medley Reformer.
This spirited eud energetic Journal is re
ceiving encouraging compliments for talent
and oorreot thought. The basis of the Eclec
tic school is, we believe, to seleet thoee prin
ciples and practioea which ara good, from
the several systems of medical praotice, and
to combine tbem aa tba correct method.—
Certain it is that medical leience needs ye'
much reform, and the world has been doctor
ed 100 much—with drugs. Whether the Re
formers will do better,experienoe must prove.
We have copied a number of interesting
articles from the Reformer ; and wa suppose
it ia generally understood that the typograph
ical part of that book ia done at this office.
We are prepared to do wotk of that kind in
a style to oompare with city jobs ; and with
such material as are not generally found in a
country printing office.
The Counsel of Age.
The following, which we cut from a Ten
nessee paper, is a portion of a letter from a
clergyman in Louisville, Ky., whose name is
not given, written te one of his flock.
"I am now in my 7<th year, and have been
in the ministerial office a little upward of a
half otntury. During the long course of my
ministry, ten years occupying the old home
stead, and upwards of forty in my present
location, and under different phases of the po
litical atmosphere, I never saw it my dnty,
or felt the slightest inclination to preach what
is generally called a political aermon. And if
by one word or even insinuation from the
pulpit, I ever disturbed or interrupted the
feelings of a politioal hearer, 1 never knew
it. I never entered the electioneering can
vass for any man, even my most favorite po
litical friends. And when I thought proper
to offer my suffrage at the polls, it was always
done by a silent vote, in an unobtrusive man
ner. Ido not know that 1 ever gained a vole
secretly or indirectly for any man. Indeed,
I alwaya thought it unbecoming the gravity,
the dignity and saeredness of the pulpit, as
well as deirimental to the spiritual edifica
tion of the people, for tha ambassador of
Heaven lo turn aside from his Master's work
to mingle with the multitude, where little else
is to be heard but wrangling aud jangling
about men and measures, without any addi
tion to, but most certainly detracting from,
the credit and influence of his clerical char
acter. Of all the offices ever held by man,
that of an ambassador of Christ is the most
dignified and responsible.
"No other post affords a place
Of equal honor or disgrace."
The Clergy sod the Prohibitory Law.
Tha Church Journal, lbs ablest organ of the
Episcopal Church, edited by Jobn H. Hop
kins, jr., son of Bishop Hopkins, of Vermoul,
assisted by several other Episcopal clergy
man, has published a striking article on tha
folly and fanaticism of the Prohibitory Law.
It argues that everything is good, if used in
moderation ; that the Maine Law is no reme
dy for intemperance; that the aim and end of
its supporters is a bad one; that it is folly ia
the extreme to attempt to remedy evils of
excess by forbidding altogether the moderate
use of things that of themselves are produc
tive o( benefit; that the wine used at the
supper table of Cana of Galilee, and all other
wines mentioned in the Scriptures, were in
toxicating; and thai the ban of the Almighty
rested not upon their use, but their abuse;
that wine-drinking is not the worst of social
evils, but (as we have often said) gluttony far
exceeds it; that it is nonsense to prohibit bad
liquors to the healthy and allow them to the
sick, ftc. The Church Journal deals a severe
blow; its article will sbock the fanatics; but
the argument ia marked by sterling good
sense throughout.
Tbe Harvest in France,
The falling off of the harvest in France is
a matter.ol deep concern in that country, as
it will impose great sacrifices on the country
which, with a long and expensive war, will
'presa severely upon the people. Tbe Paris
Moniteur, of the 21st ult., says the deficien
cy is one twelfth of the usual harvest, or about
two millions English quarters of grain, equal
to sixteen millions of buabels. The remedy
is to bold out tbe most liberal inducements
to importers, to allow tbe most perfect free
dom to transactions. The Mtfpiteursays if
the government was imprudent enough to
lower the average price ot grain, by causing
corn to be sold at a loss—if it should think
fit to take inquisitorial measures against tbe
holders—those resolutions would lead to a
result entirely to the contrary of the one de
sired, a panic would seize npon all corn-hold
ers, it would disappear from the market, and
foreign com would not enter France. Con
fidence and freedom of trade are the invari
able cunses of the prosperity of commerce,
and oonsequently the causes of abundance.
In Great Britain the crops appear to be about,
an average. In Western Germany there is
a deficiency, it is said, but a very large sur
plus oo the Danube. In Russia the harvest
is plentiful.
The Georgia Election.
COLUMBIA, S. C., Oct. 6. —The latest re
turns from ihe Georgia election render it ap
parent that the only American candidate cer
tainly elected to Congress, is Robert P.
Trippe, in the third district. The Democrat
ic oandidatea in the first, fourth, fifth, sixth
and eighth districts, Messrs. Seward, War
ner, Lumpkin, Cobb and A. A. Stephens, are
certainly eleoted. In the second ind sev
enth districts the result is still in doubt.
The majority of H. N. Johnson, the Dem
ocratic candidate for Governor, is about 5,-
000. The Legislature will have a Demo
cratic majority.
THE ELECTION IN GEORGIA, last week, wg9
one of the qaietest and most peaoeable ever
held in that State. Io Savannah, a commit
tee of citizens was appointed to preserve the
peace, and many of lbs proprietors of public
houses, at the request of the citizens, closed
up their establishments for the day.
OT Fashionable gentlemen and all the rest
of mankind can be suited with sometbina
new ar.d nice to decorate the outer man St
Dreifusa & Co's Clothing Store. Mr. Kline
has laid in a new assortment, and can accom
modate you.
EDUCATIONAL.
■ . . ,
To Directors.
Teacher 's Wages : Core plain Is are made
about the hardship (I) of enhanced Teacher's
wages. This depends upon circumstances.
The laborer ia worthy of his hire, and in this
field of labor the wages should correspond to
the qualifications of the applicant. Direc
tors should attend, and carefully watch, the
public examinations, and afterwards scruti
nize the certificates, and pay more or less
per month accordingly. In this way they
can always protect themselves against im
position. A good teacher is always worth
good wages, but not a poor one.
School Law and decisions: Directors and
other school officers, will govern themselves
by the pamphlet copy of the School Law and
Decisions, just issued by the Department,
to the exclusion of all former editions; which
last, from the nature and necessity of the
case, are absolete and no longer of author
ity.
Decisions.
1. Collection of old duplicates ■ Directors can
not compel the constable under the proviso
to the 31st section of the law of 1854, to col
lect old duplicates that have expired, together
with their warrants, by their own limitation.
The only legal remedy is by suit against the
delinquent tax-payers.
2. Yearly contracts with Teachers : There
is nothing in the school law, or sound policy,
to prevent Directors from employing teach
ers bv the yoar, instead of by the month or
quarter, if they prefer it. But great care
should be taken that no such contract be
made with an'unlried teacher—unless his
vouchers are indisputable—nor with one of
doubtful qualifications or character; or such
as might prove disastrous to the schools, or
create difficulties in the district.
HARPER FOR OCTOBER.—We have received
thin number from Mr. Poller of Brooklyn
The illustrated articles are on Nicarangua, by
E. G. Squier; Bears and Bear Hunting; the
Araucaniane, a Review of E. Revel Smith's
interesting notes of a tour in Southorn Chili;
the Panama Railroad, and the conclusion of
Thackeray's Newcomes. Other miscellane
ous papers of interest, and the usual record
of monthly events, literary notices, editorial
matters and fashions, with a comic illustra
tion ol Mr. Shot's piscatorial experiences,
make up an excellent number.
BT Somebody having started the report
that Horace Greeley was a K. N., a Mr. Po
sey wrote him inquiring into the truth ol the
charge; to whioh Horace thus pointedly re
plies : •
NEW YORE, Aug. 17, 1855.
Sir : —I was never consciously within
hi mile of a Know Nothing lodge, aud never
could have been induced to join one 011 any
account. By plaotng your foot against the
author of the filly report noticed in your let
ter, you will be certain to kick a great liar.
Yours, &c. HORACE GREELEY.
A. F. Posey, Esq.
CV A cheap food movement has been
atarted in Boston. It it intended to organ
ize an association o( citizens to purchase
food directly from the producers, and get rid
of the provision dealers, whose combination,
it is alleged, kaeps up priceß. A meeting
has been held to carry out '.his design, and a
great many facta were presented seemingly
confirming the belief of the existence of such
combinations ot speculators, aided by ac
commodations from banking institutitions
UT The Yellow Fever continues to rage
with much malignancy at Norfolk*and Ports
mouth, and a number of distinguished doc
tors and nurses are nmong the recent victims.
Fifty-four of the Southern Doctors and Nur
ses have left for their homes. The wife and
daughter of Chief Justice Taney died at Old
Point Comfort on Sunday—the daughter from
yellow fever.
fe*r- A Beudouin Arab stallion has just ar
rived in Philadelphia, of the celebrated Kylar.
breed in Eastern Arabia. Ha is of a grey
I color and fonr years old ; 810,000 has been
refused for him and his owner requires 812,-
500. The horse was 166 days on shipboard,
during wbich lime he never laid down. He
is said to be in excellent health.
TY MR. SINGLXTON MERCER, who twelve
years ago killed a man in Philadelphia, by
the name of Heberlon, for the seduction of
bis sister, died of yellow fever a few days
ago at the United States Marine Hospital,
Portsmouth, Va.
A REMUNERATIVE RAILROAD.— The receipts
of the Galena and Chicago (III.) railroad
have been over 81,200,000 for the past six
months—enough, after allowing 50 per cent,
running expenses, to pay a half yearly divi
dend of 11 percent, on the cost of the road,
85,600,000. The length of the road is 221
miles.
LARGE REWARD. —The American Express
Co. have offered a reward of 810,000 for the
recovery of the 850,000 in gold, alleged to
be abstracted or stolen during the course of
transmission Irom the land office in Detroit
to the sub-treasury in New York, and an ad
dition*! 85000 for the arrest and conviction
of the persons who committed the fraud.
A FIGHT BETWEEN DIGNITARIES. —The Lou
isville Courier states that a fight ocourred in
Richmond, Mo., the other day, between Hon.
M. Oliver and Gov. King. They were sepa
rated just as the Governor was in * (sir wav
of getting well whipped. The Governor struck
the first tick. The quarrel occurred in lb#
court-room, and originated in the examina
tion of witnesses. The Judge fined Ibem
850 each.
THt LONDON TIMES ON KINO BOMBA. —The
Time* winds up a desdription of the Neapol
itan tyrant as follows:—"Let the meanest
ma i in these kingdoms—steeped though he
may be in poverty even to the lips—afflicted
by all the afflictions which can try humanity
—all Job's miseries upon him without Job's
patience—(all down upon his knees and
thank God that be is not as the king of Na
ples."
Know-Nothing Convention.
BOSTON, Oct 3.—Tbn Know Nothing Slats
Convention assembled at thn Tremont Tem
ple, to-day, and '.be attendance waa large -
Henry J. Uardir.er, the present Governor, waa
unanimously renominated.
Henry W. Bonchly, President of the last
Senate, was nominated for Lieutenant Gover
nor.
A full ticket was nominated, and the plat
form adopted at Springfield re-affirmed.
Gov. Gardiner has accepted the nomina
tion, and in doing so, defined his position at
length. His speech elicited much enthusi
asm.
The Convention then adjourned sine die
The Kansas Election.
ST. Louis, Oct .8 —RelurnaJjom the Kansas
election state that in Atchison connty and
Leavenworth City, all the votes were given
for Mr. Whitefield, the pro-slavery candidal*
for Delegate to Cnr.greea. Partial retorn
from Doniphan show the election there to
have also been all on one side, Whitefield
receiving all the votes cast.
a Ihe Konsns Election.
KANSAS, Oct. 2—The returns from three
counties show a heavy vols for Whitefield,
pro-slavery. Shawraee and Indian counties
are supposed to be pro-slavery. A few votes
were polled for Reeiler, but the Free-Soilere
generally did not vote. All is quiet .
Democratic Convention.
BOSTON, Oct. 4—The Democrats of Salem,
Mass., met yesterday and appointed Dele
gates to the State Democratic Convention.
The Convention unanimously adopted a
resolution recommending the re-nomiuatiou
of President Pierce.
Frightful Explosiou and Loss of Llin.
I'oTTsvn.HjOct. 4—We have ■ report from
Minersville, of n frightful fire damp explosion
in the minetftjl Gideon Bast, on Wolf Creek,
near Minersville, by which five petsons were
instantly killed am) many were wounded.
AN AWFUL BORE.—The Honsac Tunnel, in
Massachusetts, for railway purposes, wjll
not be completed lor four or five years to
come. A new machine, of great power, ia
now in course of construction at New York,
to be used in boring the drift, or headway,
the old one being found 100 cumbrous to be
easily managed. The plan of culling out
the entire cavity of the tunnel, 24 feet in di
ameter, by the machino, has been aban
doned, and the new one is to be bore a
shaft of but eight feet in diameter after
which the work of blasting will be com
paratively easy.
Bounty Land Warrants. —The number ot
applications received at the Pension Bureau
is 218,900, allowed 40,228 warrants issued
36,956. The applicants will be pleased to
learn that arrangements hsve now been per
fected which will insure the issuing ot five
hundred bounty-land warrants per dsy from
the Pension Office. The labor attendant on
the preparation of auch a daily number of
warrants can be only understood and appre
ciated by those familiar with the great care
and accuracy with which all the business of
this office has necessarily been transacted.
CHEMISTS have found our terraqueous globe
made up of sixty-three so-called elements ;
of these, thirteen are most widely distribu
ted, and of the latter again, one—oxygen
composes about two-thirds of our globe If
is present as gas in our atmosphere; we
drink it liquid as water, and carry it about
with us aa part of our nerves, our muscles,
and our clothing; it feeds our blast-furnaces
ar.d quenches our fires, while vast stores of
it are locked up in IhesoliTl rock.
Effects of Slate and County Fairs —When
the first State Fair was held in Ohio, about
six years ago, there was scarcely one store
in the State for the sale of agricultural im
plements. Now, nearly every county town
not only boasts of such a convenience, but
the farmers will buy none but the latest im
provements.
Price of Bread in France. —Bread in Paris
ie now at If. the 41b. loaf, and out of Pari* If.
10c. and If. 20c. even. This for any one
who knows what the poor man'* life i* in
France, is truly serious. Recently in Paris,
several bakers were fined for not having suf
ficient quantity of bread in the;r shops.
HIST TO GRAIN SPECULATOR*. —Seven thou
sand bushels of wheat were purohaeed in Lo
gan county, Ky., last week, at Si per bush
el.
IV Mr. Mensch, at the "cheap corner,"
has openeil a new lot of fine goods Tor the
fall and winter trade. And what is more, he
sells at the cheapest rates.
In Bloomsbnrg. on the 20th all, at the
house of Col. John Purse I, by the Rev. H
Tnllidge, Mr. STIAWBRIDCE A. WILSON, to
Miss CAROLINE PURSEL, all of Bloomsbnrg.
On the 18th ult., by Rev. J. S. McMorray,
Mr. THOMAS C. ELSE, ol Montoorsville, (now
of Bloomsbnrg,) to Miss MART FESSLER, of
New Berry.
In Bloomsbnrg; September 26, by Rev. E.
A. Sharretts, AUGUSTUS GROVE, to Mr*. CHAR
LOTTE JONES, of Bloomsburg.
THE BEST ARE THE
csaociaadExcPDßst3 i a , e
EMPLOY the BEST TEACHEHS and use
the BEST BOOKS in your schools and
your children will learn more in six months
than iq three years with inferior ones, and
you will
SAVE TIME AND MONEY BY IT
BANDE&'s NEW are the best Readers.
WEBSTER'S are the best Dictionaries*
GREENLEAF S SERIES ARE THE BESt
ARITHMETICS.
PELTON'S IS THE BEST SYSTEM OF
Splendid Outline IHapa.
WILSON'S ARE THE BEST SERIES OF
LAMBERTS ARE THEBEST WORKS ON
xrarsisaoiMMHro
s blower Sc Barnei,
Publishers, Booksellers If Stationsn,
39 North Third Strset,
PHILADELPHIA.
October 11, 1855.—3 m.