THE STAR OF THE NORTH.
It. W. Weaver Proprietor.]
VOLUME 7.
THE STAR OF THE NORTH
1* RUSMSHED EVERY THURSDAY MORNJXG BY
R. W. WEAVER,
•FFim— Up stairs, in the new brick build
ing;, on the south side of Main St)eel,
thud square below Market.
TER9IB .—Two Dullars per annum, if
paid within .six months from the lime of sub
scribing ; two dollars arid fifty cents if not
paid within tbo year. No subscription re
eeived for a less petiod than six monies ; no
discontinuance permitted until all arrearages
•re paid, unless at the option of the editor.
Advertisements not exceeding one square
Will be inserted three "times for One Dollar
AC (.twenty live cents for each additional in
sertion. A liberal discount will be made to
those who advertise by the year.
From the Medical Reformer.
On tho uso 'end nWsb ol Cathartics.
In tho whole "Materia Medica'' there is
not to bo found a more useful class of reme
dies than these; and none are so often un
necoesarily administered.
We most decidedly object to tho use of
these agents with the view of depletion. The
extent to which we consider thorn applica
ble is indeed quite limited; but this is no
reason why wo should reject them altogeth
er. It is true that depletion does result from
hypercatliarcis, as it does from hypcrdia
phorecis or hyper anything, but this does not
prove that those effects are deleterious when
not carried to excess. Defecation is clearly
a necessary physiological action, quite as
much so as Kmesis, or Diuresis, and if such
an action is necessary for the maintainance
of health— and we cannot believo that any
sane man can be found who will say that the
retention of great quantities of farces does
not produce irritation, and become the cause
of diseaso—it must quite as necessary
for its restoration. Cathartics then become
necessary when the retained feeccs arc liable
to excite undue irritation. Under some cir
cumstances, this class of remedies may also
become useful as revulsive agents.
While among some classes of Reformers
there is too much prejudice against the
tise of these agents, our Allopathic friends
by tho excessive administration of them
have entitled themselves to the appellation
•of purging doctors. With them it is a purge
for every thing, and if the patient does not
(immediately recover, it is repeated again
and-againUntil the great debility that ensues
(warn# them that it cannot be carried any
fnrther. They purge with tho view of de
pletion. Disease, they say consists in an
excess of action anfl to reduce this they re
sort to depletion by bleeding, purging and
poisoning. It is now becoming so unpopu
lar to bleed for the cure of disease, that our
Allopathic friends are compelled to do most
of their depletion—reducing of life—by the
use of purgative medicine; hence the fool
ish extent to which it is-carried.
As in ancient times, when bleeding was
fashionable the people themselves became
bleeders, so in these purging times, they,
learning error from the doctors, resort tq the
use of cathartics for tho-purpo.se of preven
ting and curing nil the forms of disease to
which men are subject . The prime reason
rendered by the purging doctors for the ad
ministration of these remedies—though not
the true one—is that, "tho stomach is foul
and must be cleansed." Now every physi
cian who is worthy this honorable title,
knows full well, that purges will not cleanse
the stomach; but ihut their administration,
by interfering with the natural function of
that organ, rather tends to derange and foul
it. In what condition is this viscous when
it is said to be foul? 1 never knew it to he
in but one, and cannot even imagine it to
be fouled in any other. From indigestion,
produced by overloading it, the secretions
of this organ become of a morbid charac
ter, and a tough phlegm or slimo is formed
Which persistently adheres to its walls and
which not only interferes with tho digestive
process, but also produces that loathing of
food which is characteristic of this state.—
Now in this condition of the stomach, how
can purgative medicines cleanse it? They
enter the organ and in consequence of tho
irritation produced upon its delicate lining,
moro of this Unnatural secretion is excited
in which by the peculiar action of the stom
ach the medicine is rapidly hurried out of
this organ into the duodenum and bowels,
■leaving it quite as foul—and perhaps fouler
—as when it entered.
This cry of " foul stomach" learned from
purging doctors, is taken'up by their delu
ded patrons until the great demand for pur
ging pills and powders lias filled all our
drug stores with 'quack medicines.' There
axe always to bo found animals—we are
pained to b compelled to say it—that are
placed by naturalists among jhe man spe
cies, that are always ready to fill their pock
ets by any means that will accomplish the
end, and a troop of them are now engaged
in this country pandering to and encourag
ing this silly idea for tho solo purpose of
making money, and that too by flic great
injury of their follow creatures!—their fel
~lpw citizens and'even their very neighbors!
Cathartics are seldom needed in the treat
ment of dieeaso, anil when the old time
medical profession abandons the awful de
lusion of depletion' depletion!! depletion!!!
for tho cure of .disease, and accepts tho le
gitimate principles of medical science as
Offered to them and to the world, by the
Reformed medical profession of America,
and. pot .'til (hen will all this horrible
•nor*- quackery and destruction be done
away with forever, and no Brandreth, no
Moffat, no Jayne and no McClintock will
fill, sweil and fatten *potv"the eieduKty of
American citizens.
P
BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY. PA., THURSDAY. MAY 10, 1855.
A 'RAIN DREAR.
B4* WM CBLLEN BBYANT.
these strifes, these tumults 6f thb noisy
world,
Where Fraud, the coward, tracks his prey by
sreatih,
And Strength, the ruffian, glories in his guilt,
Oppress the heart with sadness. Oh, inly
(riend,
In what seroner mood we look upon
The gloomiest aspects of the elements
Among the woods and fields! Let us awhile,
As the slow wind is rolling up the storm,
In fancy leave this maze of dusty streets,
For ever shaken by the importunate j .r
Of commerce, and upon the darkening'hfr
Look from the shelter of our rural home.
Who is not awed that listens to the rain
Sending his voice before Itirn I Mighty rain!
The upland steeps aio shrouded by their
mists;
The vales are gloomy with thy tltpjp; the
tpouls
No longer glimmer, atul the silvery streams
Darken to veins ol lead at thy approach.
Oh, mighty UamJ already thou art here;
And every roof is beaten by streams,
And as lltou passelh, every glassy spring
Grows rough, and every leaf in all the woods
Is struck and quivers. All the hill-lopsslake
Their thirst for tliee; a thousand languishing
fields,
A thousand fainting guldens are rehashed :
A thousand idle rivulets start to speed,
And when the graver murmur of the storm
Blend their light voices, as they hurry on.
Thou fiill'.l the circle ot the atmosphere
Alone : there is no living thing abroad,
iN(i bird to wirg the air, nor beast to walk
The field; the squirrel in the forest seeks
His hollow tree ; the marmot ol the field
Has scampered to his den ; the butleifly *
Hides utnler her broad leaf; the insect crowds
That made the sunshine populous, lie close
In their mysitrious shelters, whence the sun
WiII summon them again. The mighy Rain
Holds the vast empire of lhe sky alone.
1 shut my eyes, and *ee, as in a dream,
The friendly clow,ls drop down spring viojets
And summer columbines, and all the flowers
That toft the woodland floor, to overarch
The streamlet :—spiky grass for genial June,
Brown harvests for the waiting husbandman,
And (or the woods a deluge ol fresh Heaves.
I see lb-e my riad drops that slake the dust,
Galheied in glorious streams, or rolling blue
In billows on the lake or On the deep,
And heaiing navies. I behold them change
To threads of crystal as they sink in earth,
And leave itR stains behind, to ri?e again
In pleasant nooks ol verdure, where the child.
Thirsty with play, in both his little hands
Shall take the cold clear water, raising it
To wet his pretty lips. To-mofrow noon
How proudly will lite water-lily ride
The brimming pool, o'erlouking. like a queen,
Her circle ol broad leaves. In lonely wastes,
When next the fuuiliiue makes them beauti
ful,
Gay troops of butterflies shall light to drlak
At the replenished hollows of the rock.
Now slowly (alls the dull biauk night, and
still,
All through the starless hours, tho litighty
Rain
Smites with perpetual sound tho forest leaves,
And beats the matted grass, and stgl the
earth
Drinks the unstinted bounty of the clouds,
Drinks lor her collage wells, hei woodland
brooks,
Drinks for tbe springing trout, lite toiling bee
And.brooding bird, drinks lor her tender
flowers,
Tali oaks, and all the herbage of the hills.
A melancholy sound is io the air,
A deep sigh in the distance, a shrill wail
Around my dwelling. 'Tis the wind of night;
A lonely wanderer between earth and cloud,
In black the shadow of the chilly mist,
Along the streaming mountain side, and
through .
Tbe dripping woods, and o r er the plashy
fields,
Roaming and sorrowing still, like one who
makes
The journey of lile alone, and nowhere meols
A welcome or a friend, and still goes on
In darkness. Yet awhile, a little while,
And he shall tns the glittering leaves in play,
And daily with the flowers, and gaily lilt
The slender herbs, pressed low by weight of
rain,
And drive, in joyous triumph, through the
sky,
White clottds, the laggard remnants of the
storm.
iy Or all the dark spots of human nature,
of all the vilo acts of man towards man,
none throw such freezing chills over the
whole body, and drive back the purple our
■ ent on the aching heart, like ba'so and
damning ingratitude.* Indifference contin
ued, coldness persevered in, favors forgot
ten, friendship unrequited, by one who has
been the willing occupant of our esteem
and bounty,bring a palsying horror over the
soul, that thickens the blood in the veins,
making the whole head sick, ond tho whole
heart faint.
I'our upon a man of fine feeling, a noble,
generous soul, the combiued diseases that
flesh is heir 10—let death snatch his loved
ones from him—strip him of his earthly
goods—let him be assailed by keen adver
sity and pinching wants; let prison gales
confine bis body on tbe lonely cell—let the
poisoned arrows of malice and revenge be
hurled, and pierce him with many wounds
—these, all these are a panacea to his bleed
ing heart, compared with the deadly pang
inflicted by base Ingratitude.
Tire Mother.—A writer beautifully re
marks that a man's mother is the representa
tive of liie Maker. Misfortune, and even
crime, set up no barrier between her son.—
While bis mother lives be has one friend on
earth who will not listen when he suffers,
who will soothe him in his sorrows, and
speak to him of'hope when he is in despair.
Her affections know no edding tide. They
flow on from a pore fountain, and speek
happiness' tbiough this vale of tear*, and
cease only at tbe ocean of eternity.
Wbat is not for the interest of the whole
swarm is pot for the essential interest of a
single bee. -
Refuting to pay your printer's bills and
robbing a hen roost, sra the same thing in
Dutch.
IVAN FEODOROVITCII PASKEIWITCH.
For the "Star of the North."
EUROPE IN 1 53,?.
BV R. W. WEAVER.
{CONTINUED.)
One of ihe very last edicts of the Czar
Nicholas did more for the cause of human
freedom than air the morbid sentimentality
of aucb mock philanthropy as generates ne
gro novels like Uncle Tom's Cabin, or
which makes flaming speeches in CongrefS
—lor Buncumb. The Csur opened the way far
every Russian serf to make himself a freeman
by entering the ranks of Ihe army now en
gaged in the Crimea. This was wisely pass
ing the candidate for freedom through a pro
bationary state, in which he could prepare
himself for citizenship—where he could cul
tivate his mind by observation, sore experi
ence and intercourse with men—and where
his sentiments would t>o elovutod to inspire
him with a feeling of manliness and patriot
ism. It was a bold movement, and only a
great man. would have ventured it. ft is
perhaps in snch incidents as those that we
see the-hand of I'tovidonce even in such
sad dispensations as war. No human ken
could huve devised a way to make freemen
of the Russian serfs, but the war has work
ed out the problem. An unseen band has
thus accomplished what even a hundred:
Czars could never else have done.
And wno shall say that we may not in a I
like seeming mysterious manner once work |
out the strange problem of American slavery 1
Two years ago the abolition of serfdom in
Russia did not seem nearer than iHtow does
in the United Stales. The tide of circum
stances and events opened the gale of free
dom to the great nation of Europe : how ea
sily may it not divide the sea for an oppres
sed race to go out of the great nation of
America!
i This edict of emancipation was the work
of the Emperor alone, l'askeiwitch, the vet
etan representative of the rich old Russian
nobility look the responsibility of protesting
against the act; and bis was the only voice
that dared to openly ditfer Irom Nicholas.—
This old Prince ol Warsaw is the representa
tive of that class of statesmen who fesr hu
man nature; and whose creed is only selfish
ness and envy: He fears instead of loving
his brother, and his mind for many y ears
influenced the despotic policy of Russia.—
But under Nicholas there was uo room for
another ruling mind, and Paskeiwitcb was
hut seldom called to the counsel of the Czar.
The Prinue ia a remarkable man, and the
greatest of Russian military commanders.
He entered the Russian army at an early
age, served with distinction In the war of
his country, and rose rapidly through the
different military grades to the rank of gen
eral officer in 1812. In the campaign of that
year he also distinguished himself more es
pecially at Smolensk and Borodino. He
look part in the battle of Leipzig, and led a
division of the Russian army ill the cam
paign oi 181-f in France. In 1826 ire held*
command under Gen. Yermalof, iu the war
between Russia and Persia. He succeeded
to ihe chief command of the army the follow
ing year; and by bis repeated victories, es
pecially by the capture of the fortress of Eri
van (by which exploit he won one of bis ti
tles,) be was soon enabled to impose bis own
terras upon tho shah. In 1828—'29 ho com-*
mended with ability and success the Russian
forces that penetrated into Asia Minor, and
for his serviees was elevated to the rank of
Field Marshall. He took command of the
army acting egainst the Poles in 1841; and
on the subjection of that country, was nomi
nated Governor General of the Kingdom of
Poland, with the title of Prince of Warsaw.
At the age of 67, he commanded the Rus
sian forces that entered Hungary, to suppress
ihe insurreotioriin that country ui 1849, and
last summer,.at the age of-72, he cheered
and drove his soldiers on to the seige of Si
listria until he was severely wounded. . ,
That seige of Silislrra seo<a to have pro
ved not only costly to the 30,000 Russian
common soldiers who lost their lives before
its wells, bnt also to the officers. General
Truth and Right-—God sad our Country.
Schilders, who (want)-five years belora be
gan his military career by capturing the
place, now had his thighs carried off by a
cannon ball. General Lmlers had his jaw
struck away. Count 0.-loff was killed, and
General Gortchakoff was severely woun
ded.
Menchikoff, who lately died of his wounds,
has been the prominent actor in the present
Crimean campaign. But some ill luck, and
a great deal of envy from other officers
brought him into rather bad odor with the
Czar, and compelled him to accept a hint
Irotn Nicholas that his hatd labor might
render relief from service very desirable.—
His resigned under the lale Emperor, and
Alexander accepted the resignation. Goits
chakoff has warmer blood and uiore^genius
and enthusiasm than the old disciplinarians
or military machines like Paskjiwtich and
Buwnnon. rreAsetroi'e is crafiy rather than
noble or bravo, uud belongs -to the school of
cold-blooded, German diplomatists.
It is a striking fact that since the days of
Peter the Great not more than one hall the
men who have gained distinction in tho
command of Russian armies were Russians
Larigeron was a French emigrant; Diebitsch
was of German extraction, born in Silesia ;
Roth a German of Alsatia; l'askeiwitsch,
a Lithuanian ; Ludcrs was a Swede of Fill
land ; Aurep a German ; Audronikoff, Bebu
toff and Orbeliani, who have been success
ful in Asia, are Georgians; and Schilders,
one of the boldest and bravest spirits of the
army, was a German by extraction and ed
ucation.
In Russia there is a traditional policy
| which stretches outward for empire like the
"manifest destiny" of the United States;
and does so as naturally as the sapling
stretches itself into a tree, or the young
stripling his frame into ripe manhood. The
uncle and namesake of the present Czar was
wont to call Constantinople " i lts key of my
Empire," and proposed to Napoleon the
equal partition of Europe into two great pie
ces. For several generations a son of the
reigning family has been call Constantino to
await the call of destiny in the Southern
Empire.
Those who inquired whether the Russian
poljcy would be changed when Nicholas
died might as well ask whether republican
ism will cease in this country when a new
President is inaugurated. There is a spirit
in the Americun nation which even under a
President of the most conservative party
creed in the republio annexed Texas; and
which under either an ultra Democratic or
ultra Federal President will exclude the Brit
ish influence from Cuba and lhe Western
continent. And it is just such a spirit in tho
Russian nation thai will exclude British and
French powei from Western Europe.
The evils which history record* of the
House of HomanofT are the vice* of brutality
and r.ot of enervation—euch aa ripening
civilization will correct and not aggravate.
Though the first Empresa Catharine died
■p[ drunkenness after a vety short reign, and,
the second Catharine arose from a peasants
hut public prostitution to be Empress,
and to hire the assassination of her husband;
the royal calender of all courts is full of euoh
blots. The first Alexander admitted Ben
nigsen, the murderer of hit father Paul, to
commands of great trust and importance
and Pahleo, an English adventurer who had
liean a member of the conspiracy, became
the young Caar's chief adviser. Lord Hol
land also aasurea us that Alexander I. sent
for and consulted a woman of die Pyrenees,
past fifty years old, who pretended to the
gift pf prophecy. Hfslory has ili dark page
as well as its brigt one.
I grant Russia baa been very aggressive,
and what nation with power has not been
sol A century ago England, by the most
unjustifiable rapacity through Lord Clive and
Warren Hnstißg* seized, upon empires in
not one jot.P* tiilt© more of right
than \h*t by which Jjjlieg'ilas
via and Wallachia —hie will. True, the
first wrong doee not juetifj the second; bul
by What right does England now become the
champion of virtue and set up a barrier
against the Czar's rapacity? Men ask, is it
not merely to protect her own stolen do-,
minions in the East? and there is no an
swer.
it hs now become a record of history
that already in 1834 the Czar of Russia pro
posed to Lord Aberdeen, then the Foreign]
Minister in Sir Robert Peel's government,
the partion, on a cerluin contingency, I
of (he Ottoman F.mpire. A memorandum
was drawn up recording the final results of
the deliberations of li e Emperor and three
members of the British Cabinet. It made
provision (or disposing of Turkey, if it should
be foreseen that she were likely to fall to pie
ces. This extraordinary memoiandum un
accompanied by any explanatory documents,
unsigned, and withoifl any apparent mark of
authenticity, was preserved as a slate secret
of the most vital importance, and was han
ded from one British, minister to another, in
a eeperate box, se a political legacy too por
tentous to be even placed in the archives of
the Foreign Office. In 1853 the fruit in
Turkey seemed to Le ripe, and the Czar re
newed negotiation ot the subject. England
feared that Russia would get the largest
portion in the dismemberment of Turkey,
and become a dangerous neighbor to the
British East India possetsions. Bo the Brit
ish minister was very much shocked when
Nicholas again broached 'he subject, but the
Czar told him very plainly and bluntly that
if he could havd ten minuta conference with
Lord Aberdeen he coud dispose of the
whole subject, and it was tjo lale In the day
for the British government to talk about con
science.
[TO BE CONTINUED.I
Halve You Got any flnlllr.
A tall, gawky looking countryman, dur
ing the height of the budness season last
fall, walked into on* of die wholesale dry
goods houses on Broadway, and entirely
disregarding the invitatisns of the numer
ous salesmen to Inspect theit latest petterns,
he strode into the counting room where the
heads of the establishment where silting in
solemn conclave. After taking a corsory
glance of the room, end surveying attentive
ly tbe fares of its ocrnpants, he asked with
an anxious Yankee nasal twang:
"Say, yeou—got any nails?"
"Nails, sir! nails" repeated the most dig
nified Domby of the lot. "No, sir, what
ohowttsl vR with tmltßf '
"W4I, I dunno—though may be you
might. Hain't got no nails'eh?"
"No, sir," replied Domby again, with an
emphasis, and pointing to the door.
The individual in search for nails took his
lime about it, but lett the counting room. In
turn he ask9d every clerk the same question,
arid received the information from all, that
"nails formed no part of the stock of the es
tablishment."
"Well," said he,-going toward the door,
"don't keep nails here nohow?"
The ptincipal salesman, whose dignity
was hurt by the idea that any one should j
suppose that an establishment where he
held a prominent place, should keep nails,
headed the countryman off'as he was pro-'
ceeding toward the entrance, and asked him I
what lie wanted there.
" Want," said the countryman, as cool as
a cucumber, " I want to know if you've got
any nails?"
" Nails, no, Sir. You'vS bisen lold again
and again that we've got no nails—so you'd
better go."
"Yes—but you really ain't got no nails?'*
"Nd. Sir, I've got no nails," thundered the
pfineipal salesman.
"Ain't got no nails, eh? Well, then, jist
look a" here, Mister, if you ain't got no
nails, what an awful fix you'd be in, if you'd
happen to have the ilek I"
The countryman opened the door, dodged
the boot with a loot in it aimed at the seat of j
his pantaloons, and left (be principal sales
man and his satellites to the knowledge of
the lact, that, lor once, instead of selling
they had been sold.
Clericai. Canons. —"A few years ago,"
writes a Buffalo friend, "Gen. S———, of
your oily, was a lay-member of the Protes
tant Episcopal Diocesan Convention. Dur
ing a debate on a proposition relative to
Bishop Onderdonk's matters, a clerical del-1
egate arose and opposed the proposition
pending, as is was 'contrary to the canons
of the Church.' With a flashing eye the
old General slatted to bis feet, and address
ed the Convention: 'Mr. Chairman: The
Reverend gentleman opposes the proposi
tion, and, with an air of military knowledge
tells us that it is 'contrary to the canons of
the Church.' Sir, 1 have had some military
experience myself, Sir, and I am sorry to
beef the gentleman attempt to mix dp mili
tary matters with lbs debate. I care not lor
his caonoos, Sir ; even (he canons of tbe
Church; I Maud on tbe battlements of mor
ality.' You may imagine the effect of this
in lull convention.
"Sal," said on* girl lo another, "! am so
glad I have no besu now." "Why eo?"
asked the other. "Oh, 'oauee I can eat as
many Onions as I please."
Modesty Is a handsome dish oover which
makes us fancy there is something very
-good beneath it.
Principal Powers. —Printing presses, pul
pits, and—"vPetU—Bloomers.
' ft folly were pain there would be a groan
ing in every boas*.
(Situational Department.
Columbia County Teachers' Association,
THE Teachers' Association of Columbia
County will meet according to adjournment
at Miilville in the Si-honl room of the Semi
•nary on SATURDAY, the 19th of May, at
10 o'clock, A. M. The teachers of the
county, male and female, and all Who are
in any way identified with the teachers'pro
fession are earnestly solicited to meet to de
vise measures to promote their own improve
ment and the bast interests of the Public
Schools ; and all school directors and other
triemls of educational advancement are re
spectfully invited to come and participate
in the proceedings. Addresses and discus
sions on various topics mey bo expected,
and the occasion will prova interesting and
profitable if our leathers will attend.
Accommodations will be provided for all.
By order of the Executive Committee.
Wll. BURGESS.
May 3d, 1865.
Decisions, Explanations and Instructions
by tbo Mate Superintendent
1. Directors not to be contractors: It is a vi
olation of the school law and sonnd policy,
for a Board of Director to enter into a con
tract with one of their own number for tbe
erection of school houses. Such contracts
are wrong, upon principle, and the Superin
tendent cannot hold them ae otherwise tban
illegal end SrcriA.
2. Directors aol to be teachers: No person
can serve as Directors and Teacher at tbe
suine lime. One office or tbe other must be
surrendered.
3. Houses built ly adjoining districts: Un
der the 23dsection, division IX of the School
law, it is the duly of tbe directors of anjoih
iug districts to provide school houses, as well
as tuition, for pupils who cannot be otherwise
properly provided for in their own district
But if it becomes necessary to erect houses
at the joint expense and to be jointly owned
by such adjoinihg disliicts, great care should
be takeu to have the title property secured,
so as to prevent ftflure trouble and litiga
tion .
4. A person paying tax in two districts can
only send his children to the schools of that in
which he iesitles: A person residing in one
district, aid paying school tax on property
in another, does not thereby acquire a right
to send bis children to the- schools of any
district, except that in which he resides.
5. Power of teachers over pupils out of school:
The authority of teachers over jhlpils out ol
the school house, is a question over which
the Department has. under the law. only ad
visory, and not, absolute, power; and defer
ence to former decisions on the subject, baa
delayed instructions thus far on this point.—
But numerous and increasing complaints from
single schools and entire districts, of bad con
duct and acts of insubordination,atlhe school
house and under the eye of the directors and
teacher, have been received. These cases,
so demoralizing in their character and sub
versive of the discipline of the schools, yet
neglected by parents, and not properly cog
nizable by lhe Courts, require the statement,
here, that in the opinion of the present Su
perintendent, the jurisdiction and autority of
the Teacher over pupils is neither limited by
the school house walls, nor to the time the
school is actually in session; but that, as a
general rule, in all matters legitimately eon
! nected with tbe schools and the manners and
I morals of the scholars, the teacher's juris
diction commences at the moment when pu
pils leave tbe parental toof and control to go
to school, and coutinues until their return
from school.
6.' County Commissioners to furnish infor
mation as to taxable property : When Directors
are at a lots to know what are proper sub
jects of laxatiou for schonl purposes, they
should, under tbe 29th section of the school
Law, call on the County Commissioners for
the desired information.
7. Maximum of Assessment: The highest as
sessment that can ba made upon taxable
properly for school purposes, is thirteen mills
on the dollat.
8. Amount of tax on persons, trade) and oc
cupations : If the assessed value of person's
Irade or occupation be less than 11200, it is
not taxable at all for school purposes. If It
be valued at from S2OO to >2 50, the tax should
be 50 cents. If it be valued at mora than
$250, the tax should be 50 cents, and then in
addition to the 50 cents, one per cent on ek
ery dollar of the valuation above $250, and
and this is tbe highest limit which the law
authorizes in this particular.
9. Farmers are exempted from an " occupa
tion" tax, by the 32d section of lhe Act of
19lb April,lß44, (pamphlet law 4, 1844, page
497.) and the Superintendent has no contrut
over the subject
10. What single freemen are taxable: It will
be seen by the HI: Aet of 15th April, 1834,
(pamphlet laws 1834, page 512,) that the
poll lax on " tingle freemen" is only appli
cable to such single freemen, above the age
of 21 years, as " shall not follow any occu
pation oi Calling," and not to unmarried men
generally.
t 11. Non-residents not to be Directors; No
person can ieive as Director, who does not
reside in tbe District for which ha was elec
ted.
12. Vacancies by removal from District to
be filled by appointment: When a Director has
removed irom the district, it is the duty of
the Board to fill tbe vaoancy by appoint
ment, nntil the ftext regular eleoilon.
19. Last adjusted valuation not to be modifi
ed or enlarged ; In levying school tax, Diroo
tors sie limited, in their assessment, nnder
the 29th section of the Softool law, to the
'"lost adjoated vdloatidn," furnished by the
County Commissioners, add cannot modify
it, to make up for eithsr rail or supposed
[Two Dollars per Aouua
NUMBER 16.
omission and mistakes on the part of asses
sors.
14. Ordinary tchool tax not to be applied to
Building: The tax levied oruler ihe 30iU
section of the School Law should be appro*
priated solely to the support and mainte
nance of the schools, and to defray their or
dinary expenses, including repairs; and Di
rectors cannot legally use any porftohjol it ee
a building fund.
15. Building tax limited and to be kept oper
ate. The special tax tor building purposes,
under the 33d section of the Law, oannol
exceed the "amount of the regular annual
tax" for the current school year, levied un
der the SOih section. A careful account
should be kept of .neb lunj ■
rOKMAI, INVITATIONS.
Ihe too frequent habit of extending ruere
formal invitations is justlv rebuked in the fol
lowing story of Vivier, the artist, which we
find amongst the Fstisian gossip of the Musi
cal World.
Vivier, the celebrated and witty artist, pas
sed'recently some time in Paris, on bisreturu
from his summer travels. He had hardly ar
rived, when he was invited to dine with
Monsieur———, the musical amateur and
rich capitalist. After the repast, the master
and mistress of the house said to their agree
able guest.: We hope that we shallhave you
often toslina with us; your plate shall always
be ready.
Always! said Vivier; that is, in the fash
ionable sense of the world'.
By no means. We ate not persons of snoh
hollow politeness. Vou know how much
we love artists, and you in particular; our
home is yours. Come and dine with us when
ever you pleßse. We should be glad if it
were every day.
In earnest?
Certainly, we should be delighted.
Ha, well; since then you are cordial, 1
promise you 1 will do my best to be agreea
ble.
We ehall depend upon seeing you.
The hext day at fix O'clock Vivier present
ed himself.
You see, said he, that 1 have taken your
invitation literally. 1 have come to dine.
Ah, it is very kind of you, it is vsrjr Charm
ing, said his host, to whom his arrival seem
ed very piquant and original.
The dinner was very gay, and the artist,
on taking leave, received many compli
ments. „ ~
Tne next day, as they were about to sit
down to-the table, Vivier again appeared.
Here I am, exact, punctual, and faithful to
my promise.
But it is singular, he condoned, after d
pause, fixing a penetrating anJ quizzical look
upon the faces of his hosts—it is siugular?—
you appear surprised! Did yoit not expect
me?
Oh, certainly, you give us much pleasure,
the Anpbiiryon and his wife replied, with A
smile.
So much the better.
Vivier eat down, was io hie happiest rein,
played the agreeable to all the family, and
seemed quite unconscious that he bad all the
burthen of the entertaining, and that except
a few monosyllables, tho conversation was
reduced to a more monologue.
On the fourth day, at six n'clock precisely
the obstinate guest once more presented him
self. This time coldness and restraint were
perceptible, and Vivier spoke of it.
The mistress of the house replied stiffly.
It is only because we (eared you would not
fare well, we have eo poor a dinner to
day.
1 thought you expected me—but is of no
consequence. I atn not difficult. I wish
only the pleasure of your society.
He seated himself with perfect composure,
eat heartily, and then turning to madame with
acomplimenthry air he said:
What could you meau? This dinner is
quite as good as the others. Excellent fare!
upon my word. 1 should desire nothing bet
ter.
The next day—it was the fifth—Vivier
arrived as qfpal, the porter met him at the
door.
Monsieur X -■, it not at borne. He
dines down town to-dey.
Ah, very well. But I forgot my great eoat
yesterday—l roust ask the servant for it, and
darling across the threshold end up to the
etairbase, he knocked.
The door was opened unsuspectingly, and
Monsieur and madame were confounded at
the unsuspected apparition.
Your porter is a simpleton, said Vivier gai
ly. He pretended that you had gone oM.—
I knew he was mistaken; but what long fa
oes ! What a sombre and melanoboly air.
Has anything happened? Acy accident, any
misfortune? Tell me that 1 may offer 119
sympathies.
At dinner time the witty ertitt continued,
and tedoubled his entreaties that the suppo
sed misfortune might be oonfided to him.—
He oomplalned o'f their reserve, and indulged
himself in all aorta of oonjsotures and ques
tions.
Have you lost money in speculation ! miss
ed an inheritance? heard bad music I re
ceived a visit from some troublesome bora?
Have you been wounded in your affections?
iu your fortuaea ?10 your ambition ? t
Then, at the dessert, bursting into a fit oi
laughter— , ..
1 know what is the matter, and what troub
les you. It ia your invitation, so cordially
made, and so literally accepted. 1 thought
that you would not endure me long. To
shut the door against mo and to-morrow, if t!
should return, you would thro* ••<? of
the window. Bet you WtM l> eawfe IV s
bare. I wish you good evening