THE STAR OF]THE NORTE"
VOLUME 7.
THE STAR OF THE NORTH
II PUBLISHED EVERT THURSDAY MORNING ST
B. W. WIIAVER,
'OFFICE—Up ifiiiix, in the new brick build
ing, en Ike south side oj Mo in Sheet,
third square below Market.
TEli MS:—Two Dollars per annum, if
paid within six months from the time of sub
scribing ; two dollars and fifty cents if not
paid within the year. No subscription ro
eeived for a less period than six months ; no
discontinuance permitted until all arrearages
are paid, unless at the option of the editor.
ADVERTISEMENTS not exceeding one square
win be inserted three limes for One Dollar
and twenty five cents for each additional in
sertion. A liberal discount will be made to
those who advertise by the year.
FOREIGN NEWS.
ARRIVAL or THE ATLASITC. j
LATER FROM EUROPE.
THE CZARS DEATH CONFIRMED.
ALEXANDER UN TIiE~TUROSB. .
The steamship Atlantic, with Liverpool j
date* of the 10th, arrived at New York j
Tuesday morning.
The advices confirm the death of the Czar
Nicholas, and announce that on the 2d lust.,
'the Emperor Alexander the Second aecen
ded the throne, having peacefully aucceeced
toil father.
He hai issued a manifesto, stating that
M"will adhere to the policy of his father,
Nicholas.
Tbe Duke Constantino and the other
brother and officers have taken the oaths of
allegiance lo the new Emperor.
Alexander has confirmed the diplomatic
Instructions itsuod by Gortscbakofl for the
negotiations of the Peace Congress, add tbe
first preliminary conference hai been held at
Vienna. •
The Czar's dentil happened shortly after
soon on Friday, March 2d, as reported by
the arrival of the Africa. His dice rise was
atrophy of tbe longs, and he eufiered ohly a
faw days' illness. Mis last words to the Em
press were—"Tell Frederick, King of Prus
sia, to'continue attached to Russia, as he
has hitherto been, and not to forget his
father's words."
It is said that a few days before his death,
he succeeded in effecting a complete recon
ciliation between his two eldest sons, Alex
ander and Cooetautine, who were at vari
ance.
The news of the Emperor's death was re
ceived in England with demonslraticus of
joy. Ia several theatres the managers came
before the curtain and announced the fact,
which was received, in most instances, with
tumultuous cheer'mg.
Oo the reception of the news at Berlin,
the Court placed itself in mourning, and or
ders were issued for the whole Prussian
armv to wear tbe symbols of mourning for
four weeks.
At Vienna the news caused much agita
tion. The Emperor of Austria directs, "in
acknowledgement of the services rendered
by Nicholas, the Nicholas Regiment of
Cuirasseurs shall aiways preserve that name
aa a souvenir in the Austrian army."
At Paris, ihe police arrested several ballad
lingers for chauuting verses disrespectful to
die dead Czar.
The Russian Ambassadors have announ
ced the new Emperor's accession.
A avnopsis of the Emperor Alexander's
manifesto has been received via Konigsburg.
He declares that tho welfare of his empire
is his only object. He will endeavor to
maiulain Ruesia on the highest standard of
power and glory, and will aim to accomplish
the incessant views and wishes of his
predecessor. In this hope and zeal he trusts
that his subjects will. do their utmost to as
sist bim.
The Emperor Nicholas, prior lo his death,
toad recalled Mer.cbikoff and appointed Gen.
Gorttchakoff chief in command ; OsleiiSack
en the aacor.d, and given to Gen. Luders
tha command to Bess-Arabia.
The Emperor Alexander has appointed
Gen. Hodnrter Minister of War.
Tbe Allies have ordered their Generals to
press I or ward the war.
There hai been more fighting in the Cri
mea. The French stormed a redoubt skil
fully erected by tbe Russians during tha
night, and several hundred weie killed.
A strong rumor prevails Ibut the Grand
Duke Michael was among the wounded at
Sebastopol, and has since died,
A large Russian force threatens ffalaklava.
The warm winds in the Crimea had cau
sed the typhus fever to break out at Bala
klava, and among the Turks ul Eupaloria.—
Tefek Pacha, son-in-law of Omar Pacha,
bad died of tbe fever.
A speck of disagreement has arisen be
tween Napoleon and England. Napoleon
declarrd that tbe two armies should not act
togethes if Mr. Roebuck's committee procee
ded with Hs inquiry. Lord Clarendon went
by express to Boulogne, and made matters
■traigbt. In the meantime the Committee
is proceeding, but it is thought that Parlia
ment will be dissolved to obviate the diffi
cnlty.
Serious difficulties are occurring inTocino,
Switzerland.
Tbe Belgian crisis continues.
The King of Denmark is sick
Immediately after the reception of the
Czar'e death in Paris, orders were sent fo
„ Gen. Canrobert lo press on the siege of Se
bastopol, with the otmosl vigor.
,Of the departure of Napoleon for the seat
.of WJM, nothing additional was known,
though the preparations continued to be
.made.
BLOOMSBURG; COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA., THURSDAY, APRIL 5,1855.
The first meeting of the Plenipotentiaries
was held at Vienna, on ihe 9th inst. Their
debate had for its object the fixing of the
precise meaning of the' third guarantee of
the Points. The Rucsian Representative
was not present, Faither coniereccea were
to bo bad without delay.
General Wedell had left Paris on his re
turn to Berlin; arid was said to be the bearer
of instructions which would insure the con
clusion of a treaty between Prussia and tho
j Western Powers.
| The Chsmhfer of Deputies of Statgard
I has voted th."B a millions of rbalers deman
j ded -by the MtuiatdT of War, but inserted
I formally in the biit A ,-ecocnmeiida:ion to
[ lollow closely the policy of A"6'na
| During Ihe night of the 21st n't • 'ft" lls "
sians threw up an armed redoitL.' 00
flank of the fortifications of Sebastopo.'.- snl ]
| on the night of the 24th it was attacked ait"
stormed by tho French. The accounts of
the event are direcily contradictory. (
A despatch from Mcnchikoff says, that the ]
French were repulsed with a. loss of 600
men, while the French accounts claim tbe
victory wilh 100 of their men killed.
I Tho French likewise destroyed some ol
tha Russian works around the Malakoff tow
er, but had met with great loss.
The special correspondent of the London
I Daily News, under date of Balaklava, Feb.
j 23d, says, that it is rumored that General
Canrobert has ordered a Court Martial upon
|au officer high, in command in the French
army, who is accused of holding treasona
ble correspondence with die enemy-
The town of Broussa has been nearly fles
iroyed by an earthquake. A large .nambe?
of inhabiiants lost their lives. The despatch
says 2000 perished.
It is rumored lhat Solramyl, in conjunction
wilh the forces of Nail Mahommed, will in
vade the Crimea byway of Anapa and the
Sea of Azof.
Death ot the Emperor of Russia.
BERLIN, Fridiy, March 2.—Official accounts
have been received of '.he death of the Em
peror Nicholas. The event took place this
morning at 12. It). Paralysis of the lungs
was tho immediate causa.
ST, PETERSBURG, March I—9. 30 P. M.—
The stale of his majesty, the Emperor, grew
considerably worse during Ihe day. The
ejectments take place wilh difficulty, and
gave indications lhat the lungs also are touch
ed. Atrophy of the lungs is feared. Dr.
Ga—eff is v.iy atuiju..]. Ax lWra^ii..l
of the physicians, the grand duke heir-appa
rent has requested die Emperor to receive
the sacraments. The Empress id well. 1
will scud another despu'eh to day.
"ST. PETERSBURG, March 1, 10 P. M.—
The Emperor has declined receiving the last •
sacraments at present. The ceremony is ad
journed till to-morrow morning. The Ein
peror only sees the Empress and the Grand J
Duke heir-apparent. The Empress is aware
of tho danger, and begs me to inform his I
nmjesly the King thereof, and to communi
cate it also to her august relatious, and to
Strelitz."
"ST. PETERSBURG, WINTER PALACE,RIaoh,
2d, 6 A. M.—The Emperor .has calmly re
ceived the communication from Dr. Mandt, i
that atrophy of the lungs is possible. He j
simply observed—'When shall I be paraly-1
zed?' The physicians could not give a pre- j
ciso answer. The F.mparor then said lo Dr. j
Carell—'When shall I choke ?' The Emper- j
or has taken tho last sacraments; he has ta- [
ken leave of his wife and children, whom he
has blessed separately, as also his grandchil
dren, in a firm voice, in full possession of his
intellects, perfectly calm, and with great
presence of mind. The pnlse is still strong,
but musk has already been administered.—
The Empress keeps up, and shows resigna
tion."
The Journal des Debuts says :—The Emper
or Nicholas has not died suddenly ; he had
been ill for twelve days before. We have
before us letters from St. Petersburg of the
19th ultimo, which state that the Emperor,
then kept his'bed by order of his first physi
cian, Dr. Mandt.. The Empress was also
ill, and confined to her bod, and, as tho apart
ments occupied by the Empernr one Empr
ess are situated on the ground floor and tbe
first floor ol the palace, they had no direct ■
communication, and did not see each other. ,
The Emperor, however must have called the
Empress to bim, as we know, from tele-1
graphic despatch, lhat before bis death ho
had assembled around him all Ihe members
of his family present nt St. Petersburg, in or
der to give them his blessing.
Our correspondents attribute the illness of
the Emperor lo a cold. Notwithstanding the
severity of the weather, he continued his usu
al occupations ; he was desirous to see every
thing for himself, and in the most minute de
tails; he visited tbe soldiers in their barracks;
he passed long and frequent reviews, and
forgetting the precautions which hie age re
quired in such a climate and in such a severs
season. To ail ihe observations made to
him by his children and by itis most devoted
servants, lie replied that he had something
else to do besides taking care of his health.
He had, however, attended to it for more than
a yoar past, and at times felt uneasiness.
He said that he had reached, and even ex
ceeded, the number of years which God had
allowed to others of bis race, and that his
end was not far distant. He had treated him
| self according to his own ideas;- he had in
| sis'.ed on his physician putting him on a re
giment which would prevent his getting cor
i pulent, of which he had a singular dread.—
i What change lias taken place since the 10th
|of February ! It ia said he bad an attack ql
j apoplexy, or of paralysis of the lungs. This
i was a thing which Dr. Mandt had not antici-
| pa'ed, for nt that time he felt no alarm, and
| his language was most satisfactory. The
I Emperor Nicholas was, moreover, subject to
attacks of gout, and at the commencement of
his illness, he had felt eome symptom* of it.
From the New York Herald.
DIOGIt APIIICAL NOTICE OF THE
LATE EM FEB Oil NICHOLAS*.
NICHOLAS PAULOVITCH, rlio eon of Paul the
•First and Maria Fcvdorowna, was the fif
teenth sovereign oi the Romanoff dynasty,
if the imperial historians arc lo be believed.
In reality he was the eighth sovereign of
the Holstein-Gotorp dynasty, tha Romanoff
race having become rxtmel with Peter 111.
The IJolsteins are of German descent; their
name is even difficult of pronunciation to
Russian lips. Nicholas, aware that the Mus
covite pride would feel bill 1 itlla fluttered to
owe tha sacred person of their sovereign to
the detested race of Nemelz, (Germans,) al
ways carefully suppressed his real family
name. The courtiers maintained, in spite
of all proof to the contrary, that the blood
flowing in tho veins of the Czar was Rus
sian to the lust drop. Golovine, however,
informs us that tho poet Pouchkin was of a
contrary opinion. " lie had," says Golo
vine, "a habit of illustrating the nationality I
of the reigning family in awimsical manner. '
Ho would pour ir.lc a case a glass of pure |
red wine in honor of Peter L, whose RUSH- j
an origin could not be disputed. He should, j
justly speaking, have stopped there, and j
turned the glass upside down ; but, faithful j
to the principle of tho Russian government, j
which makes the Gotorps pass for tho Ro
manoffs, he would pour in another glass—
of water—in honor of the Catliatine 11.
Princess of Anhali. This lime he should,
perji.-vps, have pouied a glass of wine, but
fearing* compromice himself, would pass
on and pe'd"' a " (ll b ar B' aS!i of water for Maria
Fevdorowmto ll ' B n '°> her of Nicholas I.;)
then a fourth, />' the reigning Empress; and j
he obtained at last 0 hquorso slightly tinged !
with red that he v"ould excite a general j
laugh when he called" t'.* 100 auJlcl;co 10
decide as to whether it wina cr walor
lie was showing them, and V by corn- !
parison, the reigning Czars w.'t "* really Kus- j
•ians or Germans." This Muse.' l '' 1 " l" aas '
antry had the merit of expressing th*® BXacl j
truth with reference to the ultra nation*. P ra * i
tensions of tha Emperor Nicholas.
It is, however, curious lo remark, by tbe |
WAV) fbsU *M pata of Iho aAirnilft tioiUfß m£. llkjt J -
sons of the Gotorp race to pars for Roman- j
offs, they do not carry it so far as to abati- j
don the titles that belong to them as repre- |
sentatives of Ihe elder branch of Holstfcin; I
thns Nicholas invariably added to the quali- j
flcatrons attached to the Czarate those of!
Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleavvig, of Slo
mar, of Ditmorsen, and Oidenburg.
Nicholas was twenty-nine years of Bgo
when he came to the throne. Born the year
of Catharilie's death, (179G,) he had been
educated under the eye o* ids excellent )
mother, the Empress Maria, from whom he j
had derived sound religious instruction and |
high moral principle. Childhood had veiled !
from hiiu the awful tragedy which closed his |
father's life, and the groat wars which ler- '
minaied with the burning of the Kremlin.— ]
Warned by the example of his brothers, his \
marriage had beeir delayed till ho attained ,
his majority, w hen he was united to Louise
Charlotte, daughter of Frederick William 1
111., of Prussia, a lady whose amiable char- j
acter and fond affection have never been j
questioned.
From the period of iris marriage till his |
accession he bad, like all "members of the j
royal family, devoted himself to military !
studies. He lived retired, and spent most j
of liis lime in the barracks. It does not ap
pear that he derived much fruit from hi* per
severance. lie never was a good general,
and frequently displayed such want of skill
as to expose him to the ridicule of his offi
i cers. If we are to believe the works of
some of his countrymen, he nearly contrived
; lo frustrate the success of his own army ill
! 1828, by his ill-judged interference, and in
judicious manoeuvres.
The very day of his accession, the most
i formidable revolt that Russia had known
' since the days of Michael Romanoff broke
! out in the Capital. It was not formidable
!by its strength or the 6kill by which it was
I marked; a couple of thousand officers and
men of intellect composed its entire force,
■ and their plans were woiully defective. But
1 it differed from all former insurrections in its
j principle. They had been family quarrels
for power, court intrigues, outbursts of insub
ordination among the soldiery—this was the
first direct blow struck for popular rights.—
The aim of Ryieief in the north, and l'estal
in the south, was to supercede the autocru
cy of the Czars by a constitutional monarchy
They wanted freedom for themselves and
their fellow countrymen; and though they
foresaw that the struggle might involve the
death of the Czar, this they regarded as a
mere incidental consequence, and not the
main object of their movement. They would
have accepted even Constantino, had he of
fered thern constitutional guarantees for their
natural rights. An insurrection on thisground
was a new and startling event for Russia.
On the 25th of December the oath was to j
be administered to the regiments. Instead
of swearing, several abandoned their bar
racks and marched to the great square in St.
Petersburg on which the statue of Peter the
Great rests, shouting, Hurrah for Constan
tino ! They might aa well have shouted
Hurrah for the Pope! so far as their purpose
went—but ail insurgents must have a rally
ing err. Confiding his son to a loyal Fin
-1 nish regiment, Nicholas took the command
I of a few trusty battalions, and advanced a
gainsl the rebulv. He tried again and again
i to divert them from their purpose ; but fail -
[ ing, resorted at last, at nightfall, lo the final
, expedient of the grape. They were incapa
ble of resisting, and in an hour after the
first cannon shot the streets were cleared,
and the rebellion was quelled. Ryieief and
several other leaders were taken, together
wilh Postal, whose movements ia the South
were anticipated. These two eminent men
—the one a stern republican of the old Ro
man School, whose soul knew no swerving
from the direct line of principle, and who
thought of nothing but freeing his country;
the other chivalrous young officer, full of no
bility, eloquence and fire, werehangrd, with
three otheis, on the borders of the Neva.—
After the drop had fallen, three ol the ropes
broke, and tbe bodies of the condemned fell
heavily into tho grave already dug at their
feet. "Cursed country," exclaimed Ryieief,
" where people can neilher conspire, nor
judge, nor bang!" Disabled by their fall,
they were carried once more ta the scaffold,
aud the grey dawn saw their bodies stiffen
ed in death. Several other conspirators were
sent lo Sjberia. ,
An onrinious beginning for a rsign. It had
afforded Nicholas an opportunity for the dia- .
j play of personal, courage ; oflter qualities j
| were now required of him. Like Alexan- |
i tier's, his early reign promised great things. !
! Ho gained popularity by associating freely j
j wilh liis subjects, and interesting himself in |
| theif welfare. Ho cut down the expenses
I of ihe Court, and thus relieved the lax-pay- j
era. He undertook lo reform every depart- j
rr.ent of the government, and displayed un-1
tiring activity in tha public business.
By the conspiracy of the 26ih December,
the Emperor bad been made aware of the
corruption which had reached all classes;
the bureaux were full of fraud, theft, and
every kind of illegality. Justice was ren
i dered unjustly, aud law was constantly elu
j ded. He resolved lo be the Justinian of his
; empire.
! Speranski was directed to prepare an of
| ticia! collection of the llussiau laws. Tha
: archives—military, civil and synodal—the
; ukases of the innpcrialesbiiiet, and the judg
| meuts of tho diflerenl branches c! the ttd
| ministration, were put together. All these
: materials lormed a general collection, (So -
lassie Zxkonu.) consisting of thirty-nine
| thousand nine hundred acts. It is not wilh-
I out interest to rerr.aik, that in this enormous
I vimibci lisiiiy lbouHMtl fim burWrod nnJ 1
tw ."tity of (hese acts were anterior to the ac
cess an of Nicholas; five thousand arid sev
enty-tin*® 0 wera promulgated between 1825
and 18i'2. The Czar, it is seen, alone, pro
duced mere' laws thau several deliberative
assemblies'. Ho lmself presided at the
compilation of acl3 which we have just
spoken of, and Which it was, of course, ne
cessary to make x"g- r ee in ail their details.
Already forty-five q'uarto volumes of the
Svod, or Russian Diga. ''i h® vß been publish
ed, and regulate tho dax icfloua ot the Russi
an tribunals.
During a long period, NioJio'la? passed ail
his uights and days in superiiiivVhing these j
arduous labora, and in bringing them to a
satisfactory result, io spile of tha dumb re- ,
sistance of the bureauciais. His Ira'mtf soon ;
showed signs of ihe excessive labor he ira- :
posed on himself: liis wife co;isif41v plead
ed with him for seme relaxation of histoids, t
Where he could detect corruption he pun-j
ished it severely. Thus, for a year or two '
ho did well.
Soon, however, lie struck on the rock on |
1 which hia brotuer had foundered. Insalia-i
, ble ambition traditional thirst for conquest, |
hurried him into wars. The taxes rose again. ,
Discontent revived. ' Secret societies were j
formed. Insurrections broke out in various
provinces. Then Poland, crushed under the
iron heel of Constantino, made a feeble ef
fort to rear its head. The club of Nicholas
battered it lo the earth. Effectually lo pre
vent future complaints, whole.provinces were
depopulated.
Tho vengeance oi Nicholas was pitiless.
Every one remembers the horrible treatment j
to which the insurgents were subjected.—
Poland was incorporated with Russia and
became a province of that empire.
The retrograde movement was now in full :
I vigor. Secret police—the constant weapon |
of despotism—swarmed HI the cities. In I
his anxiety to keep down the people, Nicb
las lost eight of the villainies of the function
aries. Corruption was never more univer
sal. Restraints were placed on foreign trav
el, and Russian subjects were forbidden to
publish anything abroad. Fresh levies swel
led the army lira monstrous extent. With a
revenue riot exceeding $100,000,000 one mil
iron of men wtre kept under arms. How
anything was left for those who were not
soldiers is a mystery. It is almost a wander
how the judges and oilier publio functionaries
could manage to steal as they did. Knowl
edge was proscribed. In the quaint words
of a verse quoted bv a recent writer:
He said to the mind,
Go into darkness,
Aud signed it;
Be it so,
Czar Nikolai,
But in truth he could do no less. There
is no compromise possible between despot
ism and intelligence. Nicholas had to choose
between crushing out every spark of intel
lect and freedom, and abandoning hia throne.
He chose the former. Ihe domestic virtues
which marked the whole of his career show
that he was not a bad man, as Paul aud
Peters were. His immense labors for tbe
codification of the Russian law prove that
he desired the good of his country. Even
hi* implacable and cruol resentment at the
delinquencies of corrupt officers argues a sin
cere interest inMie"popular welfare.
From all that we have said about Nicho
j las, it can be seen that one general idea reg
i ulated his policy. Siruck by thd evils which
j had been left him by his brother Alexander,
he determined to take in all things the con
trary course lo lhat which bad been adopted
by his predecessor. Alexander inclined to
ward liberal ideas; Nicholas showed himself
anti-liberal to an excess. ®
When lire poet I'ouchkiir died, mourning
was universal throughout Russia, ihe Empe
ror himself taking part in it. A young man,
j excited by the glorious regrets which this
death caused, wrote an ode in honor of the
deceased poet, and in which lie held out to
himself some hopes of becoming, at a fu
i ture day, one ot the ornaments of Russian
j literature. The Carz could not look wilh a
favorable eye upon this audacious young
man, who coveleii glory in a country where
it belonged to the sovereign alone, and the
worshipper of tho Muse was sent lo oalm
Ihe ardor of his imagination beneath the cli
mate of Tobolsk. He came back at'.lie end
ol throe years, sick and entirely disgusted
with poetic glory. Alexander used to affect
to pay no particular attention to the national
language and cus'oms, and did not conceal
his partiality for foreigners. Nicholas was a
| fanatic in behalf of the customs, language
and religion of Russia.
| Ol the external policy of Nicholas's reign,
and of the wars in which he engaged, it is
> not our intention, ill this biiufarticle, to speak.
I They belong more properly to the domain of
| history.
! The firmly established reputation of the
| late Czar, as a handsome man, imposes on
; us the obligation of giving his portrait. Sev
■ eral writers have undertaken this (ask. but
none among them has acquitted himself so
abiy as the Prince l'eler Kolofski, for which
I reason we quote him in preference;—
"Nicholas," ha writes, "has the noblest
I face I have ever seen in my life. The ha
! bilual expression ol his physiognomy has a
i certain severity which is far from putting the
! beholder at easo. His smile is a smile of
' complaisance, and not tho result of gayety or'
! abandon. There is something approaching
i tire prodigious in this Prince's manner of ex
j iste.nce. lie speaks with vivaciiy, wiihsim
j plicity, and ihe most perfect propriety ; all
j ho says is full of point and meaning—no idle
! pleasantry—not a word out ol place. There
■ it nothing in lire lone of his voice or the ar
rwigcmaut or tits pTrnSOs that iittTWaiec
haughtiness or dissimulation, and yet you
feel that ids heart is closed."
Tho personal habits of the Emperor were
maikod by the most feverish activity. He
would ride, walk, superintend a sham fight,
and hold a review, all on the same day. He
| travelled incessantly, passing over al least
1,500 leagues every season, and wore down
the strength of all who were attached lo his
person.
Tho suddenness of his end was to be ex
pected, either iroin political causes, as has
frequently been predicted, or from sheer
physical exhaus'.ion. No frame could long
j resist the unnatural amount of exeriion, both
mental an l bodily, to which this extraordi
| nary man subjeclad himself. He was in his
j 59th year at the date of his death.
The Czar is succeeded by his eldest son,
Alexander C'esnrevitch, Hereditary Grand
Duke. He was burn on the 29th of April,
1.818, and married in April, 1841, Maria,dau
jghteT of the la!e Grand Duke Louis II of
Hesse, by whom he has four sons.
"I D.KILN AMERICAN,"—This exclamation,
attributed to Poole, the pugilist, shortly be
fore liisdeatL 1 , was emblazoned upon a ban
ner at liis funeral, and was near leading to a
riot on St. Patrick's Day. It was taken for
granted that Poole bad been murdered by
"bloody sinners," and lhat his blood was to
be avenged as Texas was to be annexed, "al
the earliest practicable period." It now lurns
out that all lite parties implicated in the mur
der of Pooio—Biker, Hyer, Lint), Van Pelt,
Paudeon, McLaughlin, Irviu and Morrissey
—ate native-borncitizens ofthe UnitedStatea.
There is not a foreigner among tlrem. What
is to he done now? As they are all Ameri
cans, we presume they are entitled to a pro
cession for the heroism they exhibited in
murdering Poole withour any foreign aid.—
N. Y. Evening Post.
" A woman will cling to the chosen ob
ject of her heart like a possum to a gum tree,
| and you cau't separate her without snapping
j strings no art can mend, and leaving a por
tion of her soul on the upper leattrer of your
affections. She will sometimes see some
thing lo love where others can see nothing to
admire ; and when her fondness is once fas
tened on a fellow, it sticks like gloo and rao.
lasses in a bushy head of hair."
M DUPONT DUL'EUNBJONE of the most aged
and most respected of French statesman,died
al Rougeperrier, in Normandy, on the 2d of
March, almost at the very hour of the Rus
sian Emperor's death. He had reached the
great age of 86 years.
Those who put off repentance till another
day, have a day more to repent of, and a day
les6 to repent ill.
TIIE PENNSYLVANIA CANAL.—The water
wus let into the Beaver division of this work
on Monday, the 26th mat.
He who is aiwaysJvis own counsellor will
often have a fool for a client.
I llank Veto Message of Gov. Pollock.
"EXECUTIVE CHAMBER, March 23,1855.
To the Senate and llouse of Representatives:
GENTLEMEN :— I hetewith return* lo the
House of Representatives, in which it origi
nated, bill No. 276, entitled "An Act au
thorizing the incorporation of the Bank of
Potts town,"-with my objections to the same.
Should the number of bauks&nd (lie amount
of banking capital in the Stale be increased;
and if so, to what extent, and in what locali
ties, are questions lhat deserve and should
receive a careful and candid consideration.
If local and personal iutere.-ts are permitted
to determine these questions, tho answer
will be found in the unusual and extraordi
nary number of applications for bank char
ters now pending before the legislature.
But the number af applications is no inat
criterion by which to determine either the
wishes or the wants of tho community in
this regard. Their number, and tho pertina
city with which they are pressed, have star
tled aud alarmed the public min.l; nor hns
the favorable action of the Legislature in
granting these demands served to allay the
appreheusions and fears thus excited. The |
policy of tho past few years'may have been
100 severoly and necessarily restrictive; yet
this policy should be preserved, rather than
abandon the State and the interest of her'
people to the destructive influences of a |
wild anil reckless system ofbanks and bank- 1
ing. Thai some increase ol banking capi
tal is necessary in certain localities within
this Commonwealth, will not bo denied;
that a large increaro is not demanded, either j
by public sentiment, or the public weal, is a
trulh equal!/ undeniable; In the creation
of banks, a sound ar,d honest discrimination
as to number, locality, aud' the demands o!
trade should be exercjsed.
Their number should be determined,
more by the actual wants of legitimate trade,
than by (he wild fancies of slock jobbers and
rash speculators. The sudden and unneces
sary expansion of the currency should be
avoided ; and whatever tends lo produce
such a result ought lo be discbnteuanced, ar.d
if possible, prevented. The histcry of bank
ing, in onr own an.l other States, is full of
useful lessons on this subject. Experience j
should loach us wisdom; aml.our present j
and future actions, in relation to banks and |
banking, should be regulated and controlled j
by Iror teachings. The advantages to be do
rtved from nil increased number of banks |
are more fancied than real. It is an orror |
laaspprxo lhat an increase of banking capi- 1
ta! adds to ihe actual capital of tha S atecr j
nation. Banking capital is but the aqgrega- |
licit of individual capital, previously cxis- j
ling, rendered mora efficient, perhaps, but j
not tnore useful by sucb aggregation, and |
tho specisl privileges coulerred by the act
of incorporation.
Circulation is not capital, nor does it in
crease or represent capital. As the repre
sentative of credit, based upon the ability of
the bank to redeem its promises, it becomes, [
when properly limited, a useful auxilia-y to j
trade and commerce—when unlimited and j
exce-sive, it not only ceases to be useful, !
but became dangerous and destructive to I
the financial and industrial interests of the J
people. Without an increase of banks,and j
the I'acililics they afford, the commercial ]
and industtial interests of the country would ;
suffer no serious reverse. Inconvenience j
might be experienced, and tire more rapid, j
and for tl at reason, the more dangerous pro- j
gress of business arrested. But this is pre-|
ferable to the concomitant evils of an infia ;
ted currency; overtrading, rash speculation, j
and a depreciated currency, always tsrmina- |
ting in bankruplcy and ruin. That such |
would be the result, if the numerous banks
now before ihe Legislature should be char
tered, cannot be seriously doubted. Person
al and private interests may magnify ihe im
portance and necessity of incorporating these
banks; but no consideraiior. of public poli
cy or interest could justify their creation.—
Such financial policy jvould bo nothing less
than financial madness and fully.
In population, wealth, trade and commerce
our progress during the past ton years has}
Been rap'd and unprecedented Our mining,
manufacturing and industrial interests have i
been largely and permanently developed, '
and are now in progress of mora develop- j
ment; and yet during this period, tha addi- j
lions to our banking capital have been ul- )
most nominal,bearing no appreciable proper- j
tion to the immense increase of the great
interests already enumerated. These facts
demonstrate aod estabiislr the truth that al
though banking facilities inay and do aid
the business of a country, their increase is
not indespensably necessary to ite, progress
and rapid development.
But greater facilities might tecure greater
results, and, therefore, it is freely admitted
that although such facilities are not abso
lutely necessary, yet they are important, and
a3 aids to legitimate business, under proper
limitations and restrictions, should be affor-
I ded. A moderate and reasonable increase
of banking capital, judiciously distributed,
might be useful to the increased and increa
sing trade and commerce ot the State ; but
under no circumstances can un extravagant
and unnecessary increase be justified or de
fended. Local and personal considerations
may secure Ihe passage of nutnerons acts
incorporating banks, not demanded by the
business wants of the community, but such
legislation cannot be sanctioned by public
policy or sustained by public sentiment.
Tho financial and commercial embarrass
ment from which the country is now slowly
recovering, requires cautions and prudent
legislation, and demands that the actual and
real wants of btisinsss should bo regarded,
NUMBER 11.
and the true interests of the people consul,
ted. A sudden and excessive inflation of
the currency, by the creation of nuineiou.i
banks, might mitigate and temporarily re ;
move the evils wo now suffer, but in the
end, would reproduce and aggravatt#thour.
The remedy is more lo be dreaded than the
disease, and its consequences often times
more fatal and destructive.
Bank accomtnodotiou* are and ever must
he, ar. insecure and unreliable basis of legiti
mate business. When everything is prosper
ous and money abundant,uccommodationsare
freely proffered and loans easily secured. In
a momentary crisis, and in the hour of great
est need, the borrower finds liis ascommoda
lions withheld—his paper rejected and bis
crediior, lire bank, demanding payment of
liabilities. The bnn*s in eelf-ttetencv, tn
seasons of pressure, are compelled thus to
uel, lo prevent suspension and their own ru
in. In this struggle for life, the debtor must
first fall, public and private interests suffer,
and a general derangement of business and
the currency immediately follow.
As a remedy for "hard times" and asreg
ulatoiTof the currency, hanks have signally
failed. A well regulated system of revenue
by the National Government, protecting na
tional industry, and encouraging .the enle'.--
priso of the American people, restraining lire
enormous and now ominously large impor
tations of foreign products and merchandize,
secuiing the country against the exhausting
drain of the precious metals, gold and silver,
to pay for products manufactured abroad,
■which we should and could make cheaper
at home—such a system is a better regula
tion of the currency, and a more oorrain rem
edy for financial distress and commercial
evils, titan all the banks of this and other
States, that are now, or may he established
by legislative enactment. Their truth isgen
erally admitted. Their application to par
ticular cases presents n question of more dif
ficult determination. Discriminations may
be odious, but in view of the action of the
Legislature, on the subject of the incorpora
tion of new bank", they become important
and necessary. On this discharge ol ray offi
cial duties in the premises, 1 may err in
judgment, but will shrink from uo responsi
bility.
Having, on the day of my induction into
office, declared that " I would not refuse to
sanction the incorporation of new banks,
when indispensably necessary, and olearlv
demanded by* lire actual business wants and
interests ot'tlre community in which they may
he located," the question now presents itself,
is ihe ba'tk proposed to be established by this
bill necessary and clearly demanded by the
actual business wants and interests of lhat
community? In determining this question,
the locaii y itself, i;sexisting banking facili
ities, its proximity to other banks and to the
gieat maris of trade, the means of communi
cation, the amount, value and character of
its trauo and business, and other attendant
circumstances should be considered. Froni
a careful examination of nil these, and with
proper reference to private and public inter
ests, I cannot discover lire necessity that re
quires, or tho wail's or interests of tho com-
that clearly demand the crealieu of
th's bank.
Feelings of regard for those who desire the
passage of this bill would prompt its appro
val. Considerations of public interest, and
tire s aril demands ofcffioiai duly require mo
to withhold my signature.
JAMES POLLOCK.
The Winter of lire Heart.
I.el it never come upon you. Live so thai
the pond angels may protect you from this
horrible evil—the winter of (he heart*
Let no freezing influence freeze up the
fountains of sympathy and happiness in lis
depths, no "cold burden settle ovet its wither
ed hopes like snow on the faded fliower; no
rude blasts of discontent moan and shriek
through its desolate chambers
Your life path may lead yon aini.t trials
which for a time scent utterly to impede your
progress, andshut oulthu light of heaven from
your anxious gaze.
Penury may tuke the place of ease and
plenty, your luxurious home may be exchan
ged lor a single, lowly room—lire soft couch
for the straw pallet—lire rich viands, for ;h
course ijod of the poor. Summer would
pass you by with scarcely a look or word of
compassion.
You inay be forced to toil wearily, alsadi
, ly on, lo cam a livelihood, you may encuun
ler fraud and the base avarice which would
extort to the last larthing, till you well nigh
turn in disgust from your tellow beings,
i Death may sever tire dearest ties that bind
you to twr.h, etui leave you in Lvrrful dark
ness. Thai noble, manly boy, the sole hope
of your declining years, may be taken troth
you, while your spirit clings to him with u
wild tenacity, when even the shadow of tha
tomb cannot wholly subdue.
But amid all these sorrows, do not come
to the conclusion that nobody was ever so
deeply afflicted as you are, and abandon ev
ery sweat anticipation of " betfer days" in
the unknown future.
Do not loose your faith in human excel
lence, because your confidence lias some
times been betrayed, nor believe that friend
ship is only a delusion, unit love a bright
phantom which melts away lrom youf
grasp.
1 o not think you are dissappointed in jrdUT
expeetaiions and baffled in your pursuits.
Do not declare that God has forsaken you,
when your way is bodged about with tbocn*,
or repine sinfully when he calls your dear
unes to thajaud beyond the gravo.
Keep a tfoly trust in heaven tbo'everv irial
bear adversity with fortitude, und lotfk up
ward in hours ot temptation arid suffering.
When your looks are while, your eyes dim,
and limbs weary, when your slops taller on
the verge of Death's gloomy vale, still retain
i the freshness and tho buoyance of spirit,
j which will shield you from the winter of the
heart.