iijuwwuiwiiwwnimiwiinwiiii i iiiiiiMl.n.'Hiimwwiaiiii
mm
AND BLOOMSBUIM GENERAL ADVERTISER.
tEVi L. TATE, EDITOlt.
"TO HOLD AND TRIM TUB TORCH OP TRUTH AND WAVE IT O'ER TUB DARKENED EARTH."
TERMS: $2 50 IN ADVANCE.
VOL. 19. NO. 22.
BLOOMSfSURG; COLUMBIA COUNTY, PBNN'A,, SATURDAY, JULY. 29, 1865.
VOLUME 20.
Or
Select JJoctrn.
Pray For Our Country.
BV CIXMCNTlUC,
Pray for our country, jiraj.
That hor triaU may euon bo pad i
'J'lul tlio ilnuu of u brighter day
M.iy i lc lo mir sight nt l:n t,'
Tli.1t t In: troublon that thruatuii now
May puM liku a cloud uwuy ;
CluM nilhlhu btanilusii luuw,
I'tay fur our country, itay.
Bonis that nru pn clous may tliu.
Iiitior.ciil lituuil bu eiplt--Leave
it to Him (Mi high,
Whumj Is Iho cauro, tho guilt J
Turn from thu tlil.ly whirl,
ticntlu Hint beautiful girl,
Anil pray lor our country, pray.
'J huu from wlmmi hiin.u ami licurt
Husband ami uu ha, gone,
SUal from tho crowd apart,
Unci I by the hearth ulunu,
Cod will inonpo each llfu
Lost in tho li.ittlo fray.
Mourning mother and wife,
Pray fur uiircuiinlry, pray,
I'ray fur our country, piuy,
TIducIi in thy manliood'H prima.
Hire with tho lurku so gray,
Hard of Hi j thrilling ryuiu,
That tlio tvild that llirc.itcn now,
May paas liku a cloud a,iy
l'riotiila let un humbly buv,
Ami pray for' our country, pray,
A Trip
l"rini thu "Uuituu Atguu."
to Virginia.
Wo havo just icturued from ii thrco
week's tour to Richmond, Lynchburg and
other points in thu State of Viigiuia.
Thirfk.ng that a b)nup.-i.i of W.hut wo saw
and hoard uloig I ho route of our trip
might uut be w.tbout interest to our rea
ders, wo publish the following notes from
our uiciniirauduin Look :
Li-ft Ha-tou o.i tho morning of the 12 1th
ol J ullo ..ud l'oachul Daltiiiiuro the sauie
evening Took tliu now linu of Steamers
dwn tbo Day and reached Fortress Mon
100 ucxt, illuming at ti o'olouk. Wo had
on board ibu bout a nutnbur of federal and
tcveial hundred rebel soldiers, thu latter
on their way home, having just boon dis
charged from various Union ptiooun.
lion. John M. Rotts, a well-known Vir
ginia" gentleman foinit'd one of tbo com
pany. Mr. Rjtts waa oue of the few ub
lia men in Virginia wlui resisted tliu re
bellion, having maintained his position a
u Union man through all tho fearful scenes
of thv last four oai.. llo ia good look
ing, geui.il as a coiupanionfaud frauk aud
candid in tlm expression of his opinions.
Mr. Rjtts is s ud to a-pire to a soat iu the
United Vatcs S:natc from, the old Domin-
iou, as :oon as a new kgislatuo is elceti d.
He wa.- formerly a whig in politics aud ha
no gtf.ft 1'ivo for the abolition party "J
was in hojH'"," said ho, "that when tho
rebellion, which 1 have never hesitated to
denounce as the most causeless and wick
ed rcbelli m ever inaugurated in any oouu
try, was ended an I elaveiy rbi)ished,tbat
iu would bo rid of the infernal agitation,
but I believe il there was a nigger iu the
moon the d d abolitionists would bo af
ter him. They have succeeded iu furciug
upon us Southern people for support, inll
lioiH of helpless black creatures who have
no conception of what freedom moans ami
Ho idea of wba their fate is to be iu the
future God only knows what is to
become ol tliom. 1 have soruo torty or
fifty wenicu and children on my place-
Hero is a bill of ?'J50 for gooda purchased
in Baltimore ; 6170 of which I expended
lor shoes and clothing for them. I am
tion,llicy will regret it tho balauco of their
lives. Tho pcoplo of Virginia are willing
to roluru to tho Union thoy accept thu
result of the war und want peace. Dut
they ask the North to allow tho South to
manage the negro herself and not add to
her alllictioiH by interfering iu mattors on
which they aro profoundly ignorant,"
After much more conversation of a sim
ilar uaturc tho party separated to take a
look at Fortross Monroe, which wo woro
approaching. It is hero that Jefferson
Davis is couGucd. It is a formidablo
fortross, frowning with cannon of itumouso
calibre.
The estates alone tho James river for
"Jouics"'a9 the natives term it,) wcro for
merly very line, but lour years of war has
made tad ravages and whero onco stood
magnificent mausious, tho homes of weal
thy, refined and hospitable Virginians, arc
now to be seen nothing hut blackened
walls and chimneys. Thcro arc many
points ol interest along thu James river,
which increase as wo approach Richmoud
Here is the plantation of tho rebel Gonoral
Pickott, whose division fought so bravely
at Uettysburg. His bouso is in ruius.
Hero aro tho remains of the old Jamos
town Church one of tho first in tho coun
try. I inn ashamed to nay it was burned
by some of our soluier?. It is interesting
to look at the stronghold, Fort Drowry,
now dismantled and grass-grown ami the
long line nt rebel iortihcations, which ex
teud for thirty miles over hill and dale
There tccms to bo no cud to them. No
wonder Richmond could not bo taken
from this dircctiou. Ileio U General
Hutlor'.s observatory, which, from the
Doruiuila sido of tho Jamia, rears its skel
eton form high over the forests aud over
looking, like some hortid gho.-t, tho deso
lated country from Drcwry'h Uluff to Uity
Point. Such of tho residences as weru
not burned ecom do crtcd. . A melancholy
interest will for all time to come, attach
nsell to tbo James river. It will hecomo
a histmic btream. Rnachcd Richmond
about three o'clock, V M After rcgis
teiiu!' my name iu u book kept for that
purpi!J,at the warf,I took a stro'l through
tho city. Saw the famous Lihby Prison
and Castle Thundor. The Richmond of
to-dny is uot the Richmond 1 saw 0 jcars
ago. The best part of the city the bust
ncrH portiou, is in nnlies. It is Sunday
aud the streets are alivo with iioltocs of
every huo mid shade. Hero is tho wench
spreading bersulf in all the obeap finery
and llunimcry within reach of the nogro.
lore is the twinging buck enjoying bis
' freedom'' iu whito p:ints aud kid jjlovcs.
The scene looks like a negro fantastic pa
r.ulc or a walking comic almanac. Im
inodialely opposite tho hotel at which 1
am stoppiu'' i- St. Paul1' Kph-conil Churoh
id a largo anil ucautilui oumiiug. iu
the Capitol is a very fiuo hfo ei original
John," ond he was about to dismiss tho
cook wheu tho vi.itiug oflicor detained
him aud said, "Gen. I,eo allow mo Jto n.tk
your servant a question." "John," eaid
nc, 'sucso crocus wcro cooked with moat
how is that '(' ''Yes sir," said tho cook,
'they were; whilo 1 was preparing dinner
a gentleman came along who had a picco
of meat, and thinking it would improve do
groens, I borrowed bis meat and left it in
Uo pot long oBCugh to flavor do greens."
On another occasion a dozen bottles of
Port wine were sent to Gon. Leo while ho
was slightly unwell. He used ono bottle
and distributed tlio rest among his sick
troops. His self denial was very great.
Thu sufferings of tho Confederate army,
during the war were very great. An in
tclligout Colonol said tba'i bo had for weeks
subsisted on cherries and blackburrics
that ho had gathered, and that ho had fre
quently delt oat to his baro'ootcd men an
car of raw corn per day. A man who could
succeed in raising a respectable breakfast
once in three days was considered a very
fortunate individual.
I also took a walk to tho residence, of
the late President Davit. It is a very
handsome mansion, now occupied by Gen,
Terry. Thu upper part of Richmond is
very beautiful. The houses arc largo and
expensive, wtth very largo lawns around
them, filled with elegant shrubbery. I
went through hibby Prison and Castle
Thunder. The latter is a dreary looking
placo, but Libby is not half so had as 1ms
been represented. It is a very large, well
lighted and well ventilated building, for
merly used as a tobacco factory.
1 lio people of ltichmoud look sad and
dejected they aro proud in defeat. Thcro
is uo intercourse butwecu the citizens and
tbo federal soldiers none whatever. It is
plain to sco that though Miljugated they
nave no lovo lor thu North. 1 fonr the
present generation never will have. Many
of the oldest citizens havjs died siueo tho
evacuation, broken-hearted men. One of
the moat respected residonts was on the
street and 'on sco:ng tho fire in one cud of
the city and tho federal army entering tho
other cud, he folldowu doad. The 1 otcls
hero aro well kept, though at rather steep
prices.
Left ltichmoud ot six in the morning for
Lynchburg, over tho Southsido Railroad,
lywas for tho po-scasion of this road that
Ucn. Grant fought so loug aud sacrificed
so many thousands of men. 1 1 o finally
Euccccded. The utter cxhaujtion of the
South is iu nothing more apparent than in
the condition of her railroads. The track
of this road is worn out Tho fow pas
senger cars still hero aro ragged and dir
ty, without glass in the windows or cush
ion? on tho scats The rolling etoch looks
rn-ty, broken down and altogether unser-
'!.! . AI....1 .! !Ci..i1. !..., . .if
vice. iuiv;. 'i uuui uie uuuiu.,iuu uufut uw
Richmond aro ten locomotives terribly
retaken by the federal armies thu men re
siding in the ro oapturod districts would
desert and return to their homes. Gcu.
Lcc hnd but 1)5,000 men in tho intrench
mcnts around Richmoud and Petersburg
when Grant made his final assault, Tho
North will probably never believe with
how small a force tbo South carried on
this tcrriblo war. This officer went on to
say : ''Wc entered on this oontcst deter-
milieu 10 nave our imiopcuuciico or Hom
ing. Wo succeeded iu getting nothing.
Wo accept tho result. Wo ackuowlcdgo
that wc aro u subjugated pcoplo. Wu
fought until our resources were exhausted
and until wo worn ovorpoworcd by ntuu
bms. Wb acknowledge tho Uuited Slates
to bo our country although it cannot be
expected that wo can over have any lovo
for the Union. We havo no attachment
for tho United States government. Wc
return to it bocauso wo cannot help our
selves. All wo ask is to bo allowed to
make an hones' living and to manage tho
negro in our own way."
In speakiug of tho Unoin army ho said
ho thought the federal army was tho beat
equipped and bot provided for army that
tho world had ever produced. Ho stood
for three days lookiug upon tho federal
forocs as thoy passed through Richmond
and il was wonderful to sco the endless
procossion of wcll-drcssod and well-armed
men, the substantial wagons, tho thou
out tho offenders he deals outsovcru pun
ishment. A very respectable gentleman
of Lynchburg entered complaint of the
co,ni)ilMoii of a rape on the person of his
tiaui'iuor uy a negro; ah iuco iuiuus
pavo occurred sinco the war is ended and
uro daily being repeated, it may bo Imag
ined that tho pooplo do uot loam to love
tho government that sends them euch do
fenders, A eiuglu soldier is now station
ed at each farm house as a guard. Tho
greatest evil of i.ll, howovcr, that has hc-
fallon this people, is tho sudden disrup
tion ol tho social relations existing between
them aud their slaves. I he government
declared them free. The ucgroos did not
know what this meant. At fiiat thoy im
agined that "freedom'' was a
perpetual
would be
portrait of (icnea il Washington. Took a crippled. The ride from Richmond to
tro t turouL'ti t ic o larmiuir uatntoi ijvnctiourir is tiresome i no worn oui
grounds ; enz ,(1 0I1CC l,,or0 0D tuc statutes engine puffj along at the rate of about five
of Washington, .lcffersou,Mjson,Clay and
Patrick Henry aud then accepted a peat
kindly tendered mo in St. Paul. This is
the chureh.in which .lellcrson Davis and
Geu.L o worshiped It was bore that
Mr. D.ivis was Dr-t notified of the retreat
of Gen. Leo, Tho General was here this
morning hut did not fill his accustomed
6tat thh cvcuinc so that 1 tailed to seo
this great C-iptaiu ot tlio ago. (jon.JiOO
is idolized by this people. His picture is
in every houe, public and private. Ihcy
love him as no man was ever loved before.
milc3 au hour. Wc finally reached Darks
villc Junction, where we Cud about two
thousand federal soldiers on their way
home. About five hundred rebel soldiers
iro going tho other way. Tho contrast is
great. The Union soldiers loon happy
and clean and Have a huo nauu oi music
which is playine alivdyair. Tho rebels
look ragged and sad, though many a good
fucc is faeen beneath an old not auu un
combed, uncut hair. '1 ho soldiers of tho
two sections mingle freely with each ether
aud talk ploaauily. 'J here is no dis-po
sands of lino mules, the hnudsomo bar
ncss, &o lie fccmcd to be greatly im
pressed with the resources of tho North
as evidenced by tho appearance of hor ar
mies, lie said their distinguished leader,
Ucn. Leo, never had but two wngons tor
all his haggao aid books and that of his
Hall, Uen. Loo olteu wrote Ins despatch
us on a phnu pino tabic under a tree,
without even n common tent to phelter
him Iro in tho winds. 11 ucn Jioe bad a
single lauk it wa his hum mity aud good
uoss of heart. I ho conletlcrato armies
never had any tegular touts. They erect'
ed temporary (-bolter whenever thoy cu
camped Ho contended that ii) the bo
umint; ot tho war the rebel cavalry was
tar cuperioa.to ours, but their horses garc
out and tin v bad uonc to rcplaco them.
Tho federal cavalry boonmo irro.Mtablo
and tbo best branch of the Union army.
The rebel artillery, on tho contrary, was
ably and effieieotly mauaced. Thcro
never was any scarcity ot caunon or am
munition in the south and uo want of in
olination ou the part of the people to stand
hv the cause. Tlio farmers parted with
millions of hoshcU of grain without auy
rouumoratiou J bey made groat saenn
ecs. Many families robbed themselves
of almost evoryihing, even to the last mor
sel of food to Fustaiu Hie nnny.
in answer to a question wc put to tuc
fame officer as to tho condition of the
people of Richmond ho assured in that
there was niKCb sultoring ami want in tuc
citv. I'corilu who before tho war were
.
wealthy arc now pcnnylcss. lie knew
gantlcmcn who wcie worth from three to
bix huudrcd thousand dollars who are
old toed to borrow money to go to ruarkul
Some of these people may recover Irom
thu shock, but others arc too fur advanced
in life to Ij'jiiiu anew. 1 he same may b
aid of tho people all through Virginia.
Exhaustion is written on tiicwuoio lanu
Tho eutirc population had their turplus
means invested in ixovcruineut fcccumics
The church is crowded with tho beauty of sition shown hy the victorious party to
fortunate enough to have tho means to do
this, but 1 know buudreds of my neighbors
who arc destitute. I heir farms have bcon
devastated aud their homes dostroyed,
Thoy have uo money to f'oed aud clotho
themselves. They can't feed theso negroes
nud uuless tho government does it, thoy
will starve. Not content wuh this the ab
olitioni.-ts insist on giving the negroes tho
light of bufl'rago. Thoiufernal fools know
bo little of the nigger that thoy havo uo
idea of iho practical working ol this now
(chemo. Hero w Mr. William Allcu,who
owns 10.0UO acres of land along this riv
er, whoso estate wo havo bcon passing for
the last three miles, and who had 1,000
iwgroes. Probably 70U of thceo aro now
on his plantation. They are an uneiluco
ted, ignoraut race, but a littlo abovo tho
brute cioation. They havo heard of Geo.
Washington and Andrew Johnson,pcrhaps
they havo no doubt heard of Mr Lin
coln, but they have never heard of Thomas
Jefl'eraou or .lames K Polk. Now, sup
pose theso pour people arc given a voto
Thcro uro two eondidaios for President
One parlv says to them, "boys, you must
voto this ticket this is tho right ticket,"
Another party says to them, "dou't voto
this tiekot this is the right ticket." In
their perplexity thoy go to their masicr,in
whom Ihov have confidence and iu whom
they havo learned to look upon us the!
possessor of all the wisdom in thu land
mid they say to him, "Master, wo havo a
vote one party conies and KayB this is
tho right tiekot, another party oomcs and
Hays this is thu light ticket. Now, what
do you think f How shall wo voto I"
Tho mauler replies, voto for Jeff. Davis,
They obey him and Mr. William Allen
casts feven hundred votes. 1 know an
other planter iu Virgiuia who employs
five thousand negroes and every ouo of
them would voto as ho desired. Thn ab
lilinnititx nro tho greatest fools iiuuginablo
foi tiyiiif lo luico thiu thing of ucgi-o uul
ftay on tin J "ib and if they ever rucoecd
in vi ilafton ol vcrv n' ti u'Hm! iM-
the city. The music is very fine. Dishop
John leads the services. A more fash-
ionablv and extravncmtly attired audi
ence 1 havo never seen in any northern
city. Tho pcoplo aro said to be poor
very poor, but thcro is certainly no indi
cation of novcrtv in this church, l am
told bv niv landlord' that many ol theso
ladies aro from the Noith. tho wives of
Northern officers. Perhaps so,
Next morning 1 took a stroll through
tho Richmond market found a plenti
ful supply of meats and vegetables at
lowor prices than iu tho Northern mar
kcts. Dccf, liO ct., now potatols. -l a
bushel, blackberries, 5 conls a quart,
hueklcborrioe, 0 cent, butter HO cents.&o,
These pricus are said to be so low in con
sequence of tho groot scarcely of money
1'm.Rinrr through lraco street, saw lue
msidonco of General Leo. It is a neat, but
plain lookinr house which waa tcudcrod
to him bv a number of eiliswus of Rich
moiul. He rofuscd to accent it, although
tho war left him quite poor so poor that
ho sold his favorite whito horse that had
rrm-ipd him tliioui'h tho war, iu order to
rnion mniinv to Riuinort his family. On
his rufusal to receive tho property, a deed
was made out iu the name of Mrs. Lee,
rff-ord and word Ecut to hor
taunt or iusult the mouthcy have conquered
At Rurkmllo the railroad facalitics end
for iho prcicnt. Gen. Leo cn his retreat,
lore tin tho road and it has not been ro
paired. W o are obliged to maico lo miles
in an ambulance. Tho couutry all olong
this route is one vast sceno of destruction.
Lee ou his retreat and Grant and bhori
dan on tho pursuit, loi't Bad traces of their
iriarch behind them. Houses aro burncn
down, tho fences arc all gone, tall grai-a
and weeds aro growing whero once wore
BiniliiiL' fields of crain. Dead horses arc
scattered pioluaoly along tlio roan, uu'cn
passes over farm after farm without regatd
to tho rights of property or former Und-
marks. Passed the nno pits anu lorun-
oniinns ni Ame ia uouri uoufe, caiiers
Crnolt and Annoiuattox. where Leo made
his final 6tand and Bubscouout surrender
Wo filially reached Farmville, a pleasant
but very dirty Virginia viliatro. J no em
irle hotel hero ha been well described by
u ii i i rill .
a correspondent oi tlio ivctoi, ino uugs
marched about tho bed-chambers by plat
tooni and reeimouts. Finally reached
the defences ol Lynchburg and passed un
molested into the eitj,tho last nix miles ou
a canal boat.
Wo had for a traveling companion from
Richmond, a very lutollifjeut gentleman
ihot dm i.mrhr r.h w.dl oecutu tho hoiuc.as who had bcou a Major in tho Confudciatc
!n ease o f refusal it woulJ btand empty army. Ho was a oitizeu of Riohinond and
forover. Tho family thcu moved inlo it. gave me much valuablo and interesting iu
I beard that lieneral Uta proposes siuuug
Confederate notes, honk stocks, railroads
ind other corporations. All this is a
dead lo-is. Tho people havo no good
monev or at best very little, iheir sup
niv ol provisions ia short, rirsi tlio ijitu
federate iroyerumont utid then tho federal
. .. . . i i i . .1
trugglors tuuli an tney nan, leaving mom
Sunday to them and that they
fed and clothed by tho government
Thoir conduct was outrageous aud intol
erable. Oue lady of my acquaintance
told mo sho had six negro men who, ono
morning, told her that they were "frco"
and did not iuloud to work any moro.
Sho r quested them, if that was tbo case,
lo leave the plantation. This thoy refused
to do, declaring that they luid a right lo
stay there, that half the laud belonged to
them. The o d lady pent fur a military
posseo to esooitthe ohtrpcrotis darkies to
jail, where it required about ouo hour to
restore to them tho little sense they ever
had. Some of the negro mcu think ''free
dom" is a confounded humbug that they
aro not as well off as thoy wore beloro'
And that is tho truth. I'r'c to go whero
thoy plo.nc, thoy lio around in idleness,
leaving their wives and children to be sup
ported by their former masters, whu can
not cupiiort thcni'clvos.
ud h to the great dtmeuity eoruman-
cos. ,lust at tuis point we sco inc practi
cal effect of the immediate abolition of sli
very. Government says to tho slaves,
you aro free.' Tho master replies to
Sambo, ''vor.y well, I am agreed. Rut if
you leave my p'.autatiou, I waut you to
t ike your wilo and ton eiiiitiren awaj
from here. I do not want them." Sam
bo can't do this. He ha Im no homo, no
and, uo money. In his diloma ho goes
to tho nearest military station und says to
tho Unitud States officer, ''what shall I do
and whero shall I go V Tho officer re
plies, "you must go back to your master
and go to work. "Dit master don't want
mo." Tho answer is ''your nlaBtcr must
take you." Tho United States govern
ment finds it has caught an olophaut iti
the nogro' and don't know .what to do
with him. For four years we have be-n
earrviiirr on a war to muke Simbo free
. ' . . .... . i
aud when his master tells htm 10 go ami
enjoy bia lrccdom, the government stepi
in and sas, "uo, you n.u-t stay wnuie
you arc. ' is this jislicc ( laKoanomer
caso : A farmer laid to me, ''I had fifty
negroes on my place. Eleven of tho nblo
bodicd working men have gone to thoyan-
kecs. Uut oi tuc tuirty-niuc r-maiuiug,
seventeen are under twelve years of ag-,
tho rest arc old mcu and old women, some
eighty yearn of ago. Deprived of tho la
boring portion ol my nanus, now am i to
raise, corn and meat enough to supply my
own family and feed aud elotho thirty-niuo
helpless negro womitti and children ( xuo
govornmcut roluses to receive lurm, auu
it they icmain ou my plantation thoy will
starve as suro as the sun shiues. Sjch is
ihu nrosnoet before mo." 11m ti"g'0 will
:
In, tlm iTLat,o-,t sufferer bv this btate ot
thinn-s. Durinc the summer mouths he
uan lay out in tbo woods aud live on ber
lica an fiuits, or hang arouud tho camps
ol our soldiers und feed on hard-tack and
lai pork, but when wiutor oomes he will
diicover that "freedom" is' not what ho
. .. TT ... II -I.-.. .v
KiinnfMRil It was. 110 will tuuu iun.u m
... . , c
irt (ttnrtv n.innnna wilhuiil ii iiuuuii ui
meal, a peck of com or a piirtielc of meat, stealing and become a curso and a nui
Thoy havo land aud uothiug else. Until sauco in every neighborhood. If those
down on a farm in Cuuihorlaud county
veral luriro farms, well stooked, had
boon tendered to him hut ho deoliued all
offers of that kind. A pro .it many little
iuoideiitj nro related, illustrativo ortlu
ehnraetur of thW uraat muu. During the
war ho made it a rulc.ut oil timcB,to sharo
the linrd shins and privations of the com-
mou soldier. Tho faro of the humblest
privato in the ranks was his faro. On obq
occasion an ofiiocr of rauk called at his
rinnrlAi-x. (immrnl T,no inv'ltCU llini tO
dinner. When his faithful negro cook
brought in the dinner there was no meat.
Leo said to him, 'John, whero is tho
Imcou!" Tho ncgio replied, "d'n. iu uot
uimit day, tit." "Dul wheu we have
'ifi y yra ' i) Litlc mrai,
formation. Uo attributed the luumaintu
failure of their causo to tho want of men.
The moooy of tho couutry hocauic bo de
preciated that it was almost worthless.
The imnortatiou of inanv necessary arti
cits from Europe waa uot ouly very troub
lesome but exceedingly oxpensivo. The
15 onfederato government frequently paid
as high as go ,000 in gold to experienced
blockado runners for a ninglo round trip
No nation iu tho world could long btand
such a hoavy drain upon its rcdouroos,
Their soldiers had not boon paid off in
twulvo uionths.and all this timu thoir fam
ilss woro slarvhig at homo. As a necois
ary ronscquoiioo tho men bcoamu dissatis
liud and demoralised and the ofliecrn found
it impossible to keep up auy bort of dis
eiplluo An th' Coal' deiat" t'r'Hry n
omtithiDf? to cat can uc raiscu on iirjir
.
farms, there must bo much ruffermg,-
Somo of tho formerly weilthy people in
the towns arc compelled to draw ratious
from the Government. Fodder for horses
is very scarce. The poor animals are fad
jut enough to Uccptheiu alive 'J. here is
1.. - . . i I M . n
UO Strong lOOU to gwe mom. ;uuuy puoi
noorilo eoniea distance of forty uiilos to
draw rations troui tuc goveruiucni. a ao
not believe uny country on ourih has cvor
been so cnuiplclely ruined as Virgiuia is
at tho end ol this war. To make matters
worse tho federal soldiers stationed in tho
county scats of each county, behavo very
badly. They scatter all over tho country
in squads of fivo and six, pluudcring the
farms and farm houses of the people, rob
bing tho fruit trees and gardens of the on
ly resource tho pcoplo havo loft to eustaiu
lifo, Many outrages have boon commit
ted. A fow weeks ago thrco soldiers went
to ilia hou8o of a widow lady in Aiuhorrt
county, who was suspected 01 having spe
cie iu her houso and demanded hor gold
aud silver and watches. She denied bav
in 11 auy. Thov pointed thoir pistols to
hor breast and threatened 10 shot her if
she did not givo up her valuablo property, j
Sho dolared they would have to shoot her
as bhc had nono. Fiually ono of them
wont 10 a bod aud with a knifo ripped
open tho mattrcas and fcathcr-bod aud
1! .1 . .i.,. .....1 ......11 ,..,...
lllSOOVereu IWU waieuvo uut, 1 cuiutt ju.u-
tity of gold. L'veu now tho market wag
ons arc daily stopped on tho outvidc of
tho city on tho etrcota of Lyucbburg and
robbed' of nil thoy contain. I spoilt sev
eral hours in tho Provost Marshal's offico
at Lyucbburg aud duriug that timo nt
least a dozen citizous entered complaint
that thoir farina had boon stripped and
their market wagons plundered on the
highway. C!en. Gregg, a Ponusylvanian,
docs all ho oau lo prevent these exocsaos,
but acknowledges that many of his mcu
a" u ar;'lalb unJ vhwi. he can trace
itinnisu who have been brawling for
tho aboliliou of slavery for tho last twenty
"roars could fcnoud a few weeks iu tho
South and tee how thoy have benefitted
tho negro, I hoy would, if thoy arc honest
men. eonfoss that thay havo beon greatly
mistakon. Thou-ands of negroes havo tho
sense to see aud approciato their condi
tion. Thoy see it is "root hog or dio'
.villi them work uieircr or starve. Thi
nhifls havo returned to their homes and
bcL'L'od their former muslors to allow
thorn to work on the bjiiiio terms as they
did b'-foro. At prueeut society is in a very
disoraauized condition. 1 he whole couu
try is overrun with, strolling negroes and
deserters 110m uotu armies wuu uppiupn
ntn in their own use everv thing thoy can
lay their hands on. All tho crops
tliu field, fruit. Doultrv, sheep aud evon
hooves disappear at night from tho plan
t:ilions.
Tho farmors nro disposed o adapt
themselves to iho new order of things.
'I liev nrorioso to cut up their thousoud
aero farms into two buudrod aero farms
and iutrodueo white labor. Tho pcoplo
aelrnowledno tho superiority of whito la
bor aud a-.o anxious to bo relieved of tho
negro altogether. When civil law again
rosumca its sway in this old Common
wealth, 1 tli'uk cutioy will stand a lair
chance of boing legislated out of tho Stato.
Tho iusoleucc, laziness and dishonest hab
its of tho nogro will insure thin result. At
prcseut thousands of them arc idling away
their timo iu the woods, living 011 hi ick
berries and tuck vegetables as they oan
Rtcal, hut when wintor comes upon them
limy will t-tarvo aud frcozo to death as
sure as fate, I saw into colored woman
and hor family of crildrcn who had actu
ally taken up their obodo iu a locomotivo
that had uot boon thrown from the track
on the Tonncsjeo lUilroad aud permitted
to lay thcro.
I yucLlarg, before tho war,was a tbviv-
ing aud prosperous nay a very wealthy
town. It was tho largest tolriccu market
of the country. It contained four or five
Ranks with largo capital. Perhaps iJO
per cout of this will be saved from the
wreck. It ia estimated that thcro aro now
dglu million thllats worth of tobacco in
the Lynchburg warehouses. Rut there
will bo uo more raised. The planters say
it cannot bo made n profitable production
with hired labor. Tho town now contains
many poor, who together with some hun
dreds of worthless, idle ucgrocs aro uow
fed by the government. The federal offi
cers aro very severe ou those negroes who
refuse to work and throw themselves upon
the gnrveumcEt for support. Ther is
but littlo charily shown to that clasi
There is a Guo opeuing at Lynchburg for
a National Dank.
I find that the ex Vice President of the
Uuited States, Gcu. John 0. Rheckin
imhok, ranked high as a commander in
tho rebel army. Ho is vory much bolovod
and highly spoken of, especially by those
who served under him. Ho was brave as
a Ltou, tearless and talented, handled an
army well and ulways led his men in per
son. I havo heard a number of those who
were in bis command eay that when Dreck
inridge led them into battle they fell con
fident of succosa. LoNosTitEET was con'
fidercd a slow and more cautious Gcnoral
but a good fighter and a very competent I
officer. Gen. tStuaut, who was killed
iho last year of tho war, ia represented as
brave to a fault, full of natural resources,
buf very imprudent in czposing himself to
the fire ol the cnooiy. Ho lost his Hie
thiough his inrprudeuoo. Ho was an able
cavalry officer. So was WAni: Hamton,
iho fearles nud hot-headed South Oaroli
ni in, who e fine form made him aa
splendid-looking an officer as hq was dash
ing and impeiuoui. Stonewall Jackson is
said to have becu tho only officer who ev
er strictly aud unfiiuohingly carried out
Lee's orders. He was a strict disciplin
arian and showed but little feeling for his
men. He would march them forty miles
a day to gniu u point and go into. battle
at tho end ol the journey. It will bo re
mombercd that after the battle of Frcdcr
iekshurg the federal forces had possession
ol tho town, although they had been bad
ly beaten in the afternoon. With tho
Kappahnnnook river behind them and
tho rebel fortifications in front tho Union
troops wore iu a critical condition. Stone
wall Jacksou urged that tho rebel army
should mako a night attaek and force tho
Yankees into tho river. Ilia associates
objected on the ground that tho uion would
become nnxod up in tho uarKncss 01 tnc
uight and would kill oach other instead of
the enemy, "btnp them to the waist,"
said Jackson. His plau, however, was
uot adopted and the federal troops recross
cd tho river in safety. Jaokson was a
vory ccecutrio man but Gen. Loo pronounc
ed him the best executive officer ho had
iu his army. Col. Mc-aCnv'a men were
more flush in good money than any part
of the rebel army. Thoy pounced upon
Railroad trains aud oecasioully piouod
up a Tederal Paymaster, by which mcane
they kept themselves well supplied with
irrecubaeks. Mosehy .previous to tho war,
was a lawyer ot no great coiiiriiy,rosiumg
at Culm-iiiicr. where ho has resumed tho
practice ol' his profession. He has estab
luhed a namo that will give mm a promt
uout placo in the liislory ot this war.
Geu. Joe Johnston is regarded as a very
superior mau intellectually and a remark
ablv fine officer. As a general nc rauus
with Lee 111 tho ebtiinatiou 01 tue ooutueru
people and it is now regraded aa a great
error ever ti have removed him from his
command in tho Southwest. Thcro is
much sympathy lelt for Jei'fuksox Davis.
I have yet to hear tho first person speak
unkindly of him. If ho is hung or driv
en from the Country, the protent genera
tion of Southerners will never coaso to
hato tho North, her people and her govern
incut.
Those Northern merchants, principally
Jcw,who have brought goods to the South
to dispow of, find business considerably
below their outicipation. If thoy were
dispose to lake tho blackberries for thoir
nav. thoy might ecll goods, in unlimited
quantities, but monoy, iu. the language of
the country is "mighty scarce." 'Iho
Bcarcity will uo doubt coutiuuo till another
.1 1 ,).nmii 'P V n nrnciMit 1 i tnif Orl
crops of com and wheat will hardly do
more than furnish bare nccossaries of life.
Kvcn the wealthy plantors of former times
have to content tlicni6Civcs witn ioou uuu
raiment. I heard a lady say "thcro was
one consolation all wcro tioor alike
Many people in and around Lynohburg
refuse to take trroenbaeks in their every
day buiscness transactions. Thcro is con
siderable silver in circulation. I assisted
a young lady to uucarlh a largo gourd
filled with copper pennies which she had
buried on tho opproach ol Hunter b forco
in 1801. All iho silver ware in tho vioin
ity of Lynchburg was and mucholitis still
buried. Tho pcoplo near tiioir misior
tunes wish a cheerfulness that is ob crcd.
ifablc as il ia remarkable. I havo seen
familicB who havo lost thousands who
gave up ovurything in support of a oauso
thoy believed to bo rigut an uiuir uum
is, cuttle, three-fourths of their produce
ull their carpets, even their piano-covers
for blankets, who uow loso tn addition al
their Rank and Railroad Btooks, to say
nothing of thousands of dollars they had
invested in Confederate bonds, and yet
thoy Ecom cntiroly oliccrful. They regret
tho loss of their property but moro tho
lo.s of iheir cause. No people on earth
woro over more devoted to u causo
foui-Ut moro bravely for its wn
mado grcator sacrifice.! In its defonso than'
theso Virginians did iu behalf of thoir's.
At what surnriscrs a straiuror id tm wnn.
dorful conGdoncc thoy had in tho ultimate
bucooss ot their undertaking. Thoy do
nol'sccm to have entertained the moit
remote idoa that thoy could possibly tail
jn achieving and firmly establishing their
indpondenco. 01 courso their disappiont
rnont was very great when' they found nil
their hopes blastod. Thoy bad not formoct
a proper estimato of tho powor and tho
resources of the great North. It now In
comes Iho duty of the federal govormont
to take theso peoplo by tho hand to troat
ihcm kindly to encourage them in' tho
work ot ro-oonstruction to assist them in
developing their rcsouroeg and improving
their condition. Let thorn sco and "feel
that thoj;rcat North regard them as friends
uot as enemies and much of tho hatred that
has bean engendered by four years of war
will dio out. Tho past must bo forgotten.
Harsh means will do no good. Theso
people have teen sufficiently punished for
tho error of their ways. Let the policy
of the administratid n be a kind ahd for
giving one and the prcsont generation may
yet enjoy nil tho blossings of a united
country knowing no North, no Soulh.no
East, no West.
Business Rules for Young Men.
Tho world estimates men by their iuc
cess iu life, nnd, by gonoral consent, per
manent success ia evidenco of superiority.
Never under any circumstances, assumo
a tofposibility jou can avoid, consistently
with your duty to yoursalf and othora.
In other words, "mind your own busi
ness." Base all your aotions' upon a principle
ot justice, preserve your integrity of char
acter, and in doing this never reckon the
cost.
Remember that self intorcst ia moro
likely to warp your judgmont than all
other circumstances considered ; thero-
r 1 - ?. i. .
lore iuoiv won to your duty wnon your
interest is concerned.
Never attempt to mako money at tlic
expenso of your reputation.
Do nolthor lavish nor misery ; of tho
two avoid the latter. A man ia univer
sally despised, but public . favor is a step
ping stono to preferment 5 thereof her
genorous fcclinga should be oullivatod.
Proatso but littfb, think muoh, and do
moro.
Lot your expenaos bo suoh as to leave
a balance in yourpookct. Ready monoy
ia always a friend in need.
Avoid borrowing and lending.
Liquor drinking, smoking cigara nnd
chewing tobacco arc bad habits ; they im
pair the mind and pookot, and lead to a
waato of timo. Thoy tend to let ono down
but nevor to lift ono up, iu tho regard of
the virtioua and the good.
Never relato your misfortunes toothers,
and nover grieve ovor what cannot prevented.
Very Bad Liquor.
Tho business of the Court in ono of the
frontier territories was drawing to a closo
whon ono morning a rough sort of
a customer was arraigned on a charge of
tealing. After the clerk had read tho
indictment to him, he put tho question,
'Guilty or not guilty I"
'Guilty but drunk, your honor,' ans
wered tho prisoner.
'What's the pica !, aekod tho Judgo,
half dozing on tho bench.
'Ho pleads guilty, but aays ho was drunk,'
replied iho clerk.
'What'a the oaso!
'May it ploase your honor,' said the
prosecuting attorney, Hha man is regularly
indicated for stealing a largo sum of mon
oy from tho Columbus Hotel.'
'He is, hoy ? and pleads'
'Ha ploada guilty, but drunk.'
Tho judge was now fully aroused, 'Guil
ty, but drunk this is tho nioat extraor
dinary plea. Young man, you aro cer
tain you woro drunk V
'Yea sir.'
'Whero did you get your liquor I'
At Stcrret'a.'
'Did you get nono anywhere clso 1'
'Not a drop, sir.'
'You got drunk on his liquor, and af
terwards stolo the money 1'
'Yes, sir.'
'Mr. Prosecutor,' eaid tho Judge, 'do
1110 the favor to cuter in that man's case
a twite prosequi. That liquor at Storrcts
is oiiough to make a man do anything dir
ty 5 I got drunk on it myself, tho othor
day, aud stole all Stcrret'a spoons 1 Ko
looso tho prisoner, Mr. Sheriff. Adjourn
tho uourt.'
It is well enough to make ono shuddor
to read tho printer's advertisement for a
boy of "moral character,'' when it iswoll
huowu that they iutond to mako a devil