COLUMBIA
DEMOCRAT,
AND BLOOMSBURG GENERAL ADVERTISER.
'LEVI L. TATE, Editor.
$2 00 PER ANNUM
"TO HOLD AND TRIM THE TOltOH OP TRUTH AND WAVE IT O'ER THE DARKENED EARTH."
w.
WOL. 15.--NO. 23.
:0iPMBIA DEMOCRAT.
It-UntlRHEn EVERY SATUitDAV, BY
W jTF.VT T TATm.
Jff IH DLOOMSBtinO, COLUMBIA COUWT1', IU.
office
' LA ntie lirttk RUdigt eppciite the F.tt(nge, bp $tdi
ftt Court Iloust. "Democratic lltai (iuarttrs,'
. . TF.UMS OP SUnsCIlIPTION.
00 In advance, for one copy, for ttt monthi.
1.75 In a lvan ro, fur tm copy mm year,
51 00 If nut pfiid w itliln tlio timt three innnttu.
3 23 If not piilil within the flrnt iU montlii,
- 3 50 If not nnlil within tlicyunr,
ttTT No snhirrluttnn tnkcii for loin thmtilt mmilln,
fcnd no paper illscontinucil until all arrearages iliitt lint u
been paid.
OrillnarvAnvrRTiirMvtTlnsrrtcil.and Jod Work
iteeittcil. ot the eflttiblisliilonccft.
UAIjTIMOKB LOCK HOSPITAL.
1HI. JOHNSTON,
rpHEfounilrr of this Cck-ltrntM Intllntinn, nflVr the
X tnot crtain, ep"pdy, ami only ciljctiiul riMiirily in
Iba world forctlVclsfur (iifMtn, Hint turi0, Heinln:il wenk
tieiSt I'ainn In tlis Lome, ('oiisllhitioii.il IH-Iul.ty, Iinii
tenty,1 Wen k lie of tha Hick und l,im.M, Atlettimiti
Ihe Kidney. 1'alpitatlnn ot tlio Heart, Ilij"'liil.i, Nur
vmu IrritAliility, Dlseasi! of t lie Ilrud, Tliro.it, Noii or
-SkinBnd all ili-wc orrjoui and mtlnnrhidy Disunion
arliins from thr ili'ttriictivti Inltits of Vmitli, ulii.t, tic
.itroyi both body nnd mind. Thrni! ctrt t and pulitiir)
practice!, nro more fatiil to their i thud than tliu cun(.M.f
tha gyre n to thi mariners Ulyssus, Miplitinj; tin Ir mut
brilliant hopes und aiiUdrt..tiojm, mulcting marridgu &.c,
linnuifibk.
MARIUA.in.
Married persons, or Ynnnij Men confpmplaiin mar
flag, being aware f ph)siml weaknem, organic denMli
ty, deformities &c.( rhnulri imm'dl,itt ly consult Hr
Johnston, and In restored to perfect health.
- JU who pint-en himself under th'i care of lr. Johnston,
may rellKioimly confide In Win honor a it ecutlcinui, and
confidently rely upon hi kill nn plinii(an,
imtJANit; WiIAKni.sh
Immediately etired nod full vifjor restored.
Thij ileitj.mu lit tlio penally mot tni'mcnUy paid Iiy
those win h ive hecomu the ictim of improper indnlin-u
xiCH. .'.Vutiii)! pertioiu are too apt to commit rici-M trnm
not being aware nf thti dreadful coim-iuciiie that imiy
Vniue."' Now, who that uiiderittandi tlio mibject will pre
tend to deny that the power of procreation in lo-.t nouner
by those fait his Int'i improper habits than hy the prudtut,
ltildes tiling deprived of the pleasure of healthy till
prinB, thy ttmst plt.iujh mnl (L'Ftritctive h) luptomri to
both body and mind arise. The iyitiM.i heci-iiies (lern.il,
ti tha physical ind mental powers ueakeutd, iicrwuit,
debility, ilyspepila, p.tlpitatioii of the heart, inHijcentioti,
watting ui tlio Iranie, Coiili, mptonis of t'oiiiiuinp
lion, A.c.
IE7T Oifire, No. 7 Souru ratnni( k Htrekt, neven doorw
from Ilaltlinorj treet, '.nt hide, up the ctepM. He par
tlcular In bser imr llu NAMll and NIJ.MliUU, or int
will miitaku t!i plac.
JtJurt Ha r rented, vr hi Charge Jd'r, in from One to
Tiro )7i.
' NO MKRCL'RV t:t .VAUHlitiL'rf UUl.'C.S VfiVAi.
Member of the Un.il tiHi?ye ot Surgeons, nt hnndon.
Graduat't from one f the moxt emin-nt Cdlffei ot the
UnitoJ. 'Btitoit, and thii t-'rentjr pntt of w hose liiV has
been spent in the utht iiofpitau oi uomion, i nrtt, nni.i
. Ill till! UIM IIO?ll!IIH D l.lilHKIII. I idtl.. l llll.l
ii t'lii'wiierc, h.i cir.Tt'ii rumour tliu nut ih
cures that uurtiier kunun; in.uiy trciiililid !
ns in tuh.Mi.1 nn.ic.iM iiin iitioeiMirint
ucinuitauu
lonlihinit c
with rinctni in the head anil ears when at-leer
nsrvousneot, b:na al.iriiied at Hitildon soninls, nnd h.txh-
fulness, w 111) freiuent M'ljillln?, attended KOtuetiiiies w jlh
lieranireniL'iil ot mind, were Lured iiniiM'di.ittli.
1 A CKItTAIN DIHKAHl!.
When tin tnlijrulrled and Imprudent ot.iry of pleasure
finds h ll.is linhilieil the HUtdn of thii p.ilulul dueaie, it
too oftdii happens that an ill tiiu-d henne ofch.ime or
dread of discovery, deters hi 111 from applj Ins to tho-e
who from education an I renpertahility can iiluue btfriett I
Iltm, aeiaynip nil ill-! riiiinuiiliiniiary t-iii.inius 01 nil.
jiorriuueiKciuiiici'tii-irasiiKMriiiiiv.iiiiciiujuiciTiiif.i
.urutuiuii. iiiik-u.uii iii.ti-, inn. , 'aiun 111 iiiu urim
nml Uiiibrf, Hiiiii;h. if iiKlit, itvufiiean, iiihIch llic nkiu
lioniss. an.lnriii', liliHclim tm tlio 'kmiI, (.id anil fxtrrni't
tl, pro(ri!.3liii llli raplility.titl nt 1 lit tlm pulatu nl
tti t ninutti iiiil lion 'it or tin) miiiu till in. mill the iitim nf
Till, doieaiii! iK'f'DiiiPH u horriil iil.jritiif rniniiii.sfrtitifiii
till death iut. a i 'riol tulii.ilreiiurul .iiUViln?., hy klmi
(Unthini ti I'tli it li'iuriiii frimi uh'iit-u mi tnclL-r ro
-.tirn.' Tu Hilih, th Tiifort1. llr. Jnhilntnii pU'ilji'ii him.
elf to nron'irvtf thl lniit tMiv lii-ilili' Ei'creiy. mnl frum hiii
uxtennlVtf prjtlic.t in thtt firi-t lliniiliil nt' i:iirnii mnl
AinerieA. hit inn nuiruli'iitly rt'riiiiiiiiriiil tint f nml iipveily
euro tolho unfiirluiiato i ulim ut thin Imrriil iliyiutit.
TAKli fAlinUlH.Alt Nlll'ICI-.
'Dr. J. atlilrmi h all tlumo nho ha to ii J truil thi'itistlvra
by privkt'i nn.l imiirop'T inittil'jt'tici'H.
'l lie.o aro Hiiini uf tho nail aiul mi la'idKily ifloct. prn
(luceil by enrly linbitii uf youth, iz' WtakncriH of tho
Hack anil Llnilift, l'uui in th'j liciitl, Dti.iin'PH nf riiilit.
Loi:. f Mu.cular 1'owit. I'lilliilatinn i1 tlio Hi-art. Dyn
pep.ia, Norvu n Irralabilily, II .r.iiicciui.'iit nf tho Diuom
tive fuiictiouii, tJv-iioral Debility, ii'iiiptoiii. of t'oii.iitui
lloH,
MENTALLY. Tlio fearful effect upon tho niiml nro
much to ba dreaileil,.l,niiinf Miiuory, CnufiHion of lilenn
llopre.stou nt tlio iiruii, uvn rori-ii,iiini:ii, Aversion
of Society, Tlinity, .c, aro mnno nftho evil proiluroit,
Tbousanill of pornuia of all i-gi-a can lio Juileo hat
isUis.cau.3 of lli-lr ilcrliimis hoallli. Looiiins tlnirl
vlor, becoming oak, palo mid em icliiti'il, hating iu.
gnlar appearanc about tlio o es, coiigli uutl H) initoinn ot
Cuniuiiiotlon.
ON-S IN'VIGOUATINT. UISMEIIV
ion
, rfrlB; OUUANIO WIlAKNIIfS.
Dy till, great an I lmport.iut reuvili , ueaknosb of tho
organ, aro'.ucodily curoil, uml full ligor roftorcd.
dad lo.t an hope, iiavob.cn iuuiiediatiiy roiiexni. An
iiiipeuiinrnia io iiiarriuiif1, I uj irai aim .iieniiu iiixipiau.
flcationNcrvotH irrat.ihility.Tri'iiililingriaiid Woaktioiid
or txnaustatlou of tho moht fearful kiuj, .peedtly cured
by Doctor Jottniitou.
YOL'NO JIl'.N'.
Who'havo Injured tlim.elvi'ii by a certain practice,
jmnilged in when alumi -aluihit fri'iiii'iitly learui'd Iroiu
Jn,!1mpeo,
.rXSinan, the hnpo of.,1. ronn.ry.
SftVocM
tf?alX
Kinpidiinj.v jnmji xri-
ahould reflect thtt a .oniiil mind and body aro tho moa
necessary rouuisitics to iirouKito roiiiinbinl happiness
indeed, without these tho journey through life become,
weary inlgriiiisire, tho prosioct hourly darkens tn
tho ew: tkaliuad eecomos shailoned with despair &
filled .vita tho melancholy retl.-ction that tho happiness
OFFICK NO. 7 SDUTIl Kit EIIKKIUK rIT.. Mlim.re, .!
ALL B1JKGIUAI. Ol'EltATIUNii IM'lll'Ult.Mi:!!.
N. 11. lt no filso uioilesly prevent Juu, but apply
luiiuodiately either personally or bv Letter.
.SKI.N DlSliABi:.-! riT.i:i)il.V CUllIID.
to britwatja.
Tha many thousands cured ut this institution uilhln
the last 15 yenrs, and tho numerous impott.iut tfurgicnl
Operations performed by II r. Johiistiui. witnessed by
tha reporters of the papers mid many oilier per.oiis, mi.
lee. of which havu uppoareil again and again before tho
nubile, buside his standiita as u aeiillemnii of tharnit. r
ndrcsp9LsjljjJity,isa sulhii'-nt guarantee to tho alllicte 1
i-miUk IMk'K NUTlL'i:
X. II. Thero aro so maiiv iL'iiorant nnd unrliilein
tQuacka advertisjg Ihiiniseiyes 1'hysiciniis, ruining tlio
jAciltu of tho already afiliitei!. that Dr. Johnston deems
it necessaryHo .ay, esiiecivlly 1" tt.oso iiincqtriiuted
with hi. reputation, that lus crcikni.ils uitd ill'lnmu
Iwavt haugjubll nlhro,
O" Taas Notue. All li tte mu4 l port paid, and
contain a posUe stamp fur tlio reply, or no answer will
tit ent.
Marchl7. 1800.
H HOWARD ASSOCIATION PHIL
'ADEWIIIA. A Bcnevoloni Jnilitmiun established by special endow
ment, for tho relief of the Kick uud iti.trtssed.atlfirted
jwith Virulent and Upideimo Uiscaces, and uspieiully
for tho Cura of Diseases tif tlio rieiuat UrgHris. lis
pensary freo In patuuts in ull parts of the United Btnte.
' VALUABLE UIU'OIITS on tfpcrinatorrliaa, mid Kill
rt Disease, of (ho Sexual Organs, and on the NKV
KEMEDiSjcuiployed, sent to the afflicted in seal id
fetter envelope,, freo (f charge, Tnooitliroo Htauips
for postage will bo acceptable. Address Hit, J SKI)..
LIN HOUGHTON', Acting Surgeon, Howard Associa
tion, No. s South Ninth tjtrcet, Philadelphia
' March 2, Itpj-l-Jui.
P-p M P MAKING.
TIIGundersigued Inform tho public generally that
heyliava formed a ro partnership, and v III coiitin,
uaitQfbusinoss of rump nuking und repairing, in ull
thetr fjtrlous departments, iu Itinomsiiurg, uliero they
will promptly attend to all orders in (heir line of busi
ness, whether j'n tow n or country.
Well and CJitcrn rumps, with lender) Pipe, mado in
l, best stvla of woikmaiiship, on moderalo tefins, r,ud
pi, very short notice.
From their, long experience m t;o business, slid art
earnest, desire to have their work commend itself to tho
fiutilie Ihey feel. rotvlJeiit thev can Ituku It an object o
hoio who may gvc them their custom nod rentier gi io
rai safi.faciiou.
JOHN CUUTUIILLV.
Uloomsliurr.'Aprjl I J, 1 f r. 1 . 3:i
jqim cui.P.
PERSONS about to commence House
Keeplui'uill do well Igcall ami examine the
ocl( vftinvf Oihts S.c. at IIA11T.M AN8.
JDtifjinal Jiloctni,
HrittiHfcr the CcUmHa Dtmoirat.
MORNING'S GLORIES.
BY B. T. H,
When rosy itrcaks of morning's dawn;
I.ijtht up the Kasteru sky.
And by her fl) lug chariots inwn,
The Pun, from aged Tithon'aliroait,
lloth rise, and on her errand Hy,
Wlnt glories meet the rye J
Willi rnpturcfrom our beds of rest,
Weriieto iew tho scene
The morning doth our Rn?? present,
When dew, on gross of purest green,
Like gold dnth seem intent
To sparkle in tho rays
Of Tithone's f.ilr txwi Moomlng hrlile ;
Thin scenes in Nature win our gaze,
And all the works or art deride
When pretty flowers, refreshed by dew.
Deck Nature's broad, expatme J
As we their wondrous beauty iew
Our vision they entrance.
When 111U1, before the ardent glance
Of riio-bus, rolling bark.
In columns thick, and leave no trace
No footsteps-that will mark thiir track,
Urtretituilh cue nnd grnce,
To shady leaves, and dells,
Vli(re darkness reigns supremo,
Where all around repels,
And shuts from them each beam,
Of fair and beauteous light,
In one long, dark, and dismal night ;
Where ne'er can idiiue tho ra
Of Tithone's fair, nnd blooming bride;
Thfo seems In Nature win our gaze,
And all the works ef art deride.
I Ott l,F.KV ILt.F, Ta.
SPEECH
O F
Hon. C. L. Yalhndigham,
OP OHIO,
ON EXECUTIVE USURPATION.
In tho Homo of Representative., July 10, 1851.
Jlr. VallanJiglinm saiJ :
jr. Chairman : In tlta Constitution of
tho United States, which the other clay we
lit
sworo to support, ami by the authority of
. , . , . .
wlticu wo arc hero asfeiiibleu now it i
written :
"All logisltilire powers herein granted
shall bo vested in a Congress of the United
States."
It is further written also that tho Con-
. 1 . t .. , ,
gross to wlitcli all Icgulativo powers gran
ted arc thus committed
"Shall make no law abridging the free
dom of speech or of the prcsH."
And it is yet further written, in protec
tion of Senators ami Representatives in
that freedom of debate hore.without which
there can bo no liberty, that
"For any spceclt or debate in cither
IIouso tliuy shall not be questioned in any
other place."
Holding up tho shield of tho Constitu
tion, and htandintr hero in Hin nlnnn nnrl
with tho manhood of a UenreBnntrttirn nf
1 T 1
IUC people. L llTOpOSO 10 1DYSC1I, tO-UaV
I . . ' . .
the .IIICICIH ireCUOlll 01 SpCCCIl USCU Wltlllll
. . . . . ,
tlieSO Walls ', tllOUgll With SCIllCWhat IllOrO,
I trust, of dcecnev and discretion than
, .. , ,.. -, ,
nave somciiincs ueen cxuiimcu ncrc. oir,
I do not propose the direct question of this
civil war in which we aro engaged. Its
present prosecution is a foregone conclu-
sion ; and a wise man never wastes his
strength on a fruitless enterprise. My
position shs.ll at present, for tho most part
b iudicatcd by my votes, and by th9 res-
' d motions which I may submit.
Kut ar '"ay 1"tions incident to
! "10 war and to its prosecution .about which
I have something to say now.
Mr. Chairman, tho I'lCtidcnt in tho
1
message beforo us, demands the cxtraordi-
I J
liarV loau of S400.C 03,000 an amount
, 1 '
i nearly ten times greater than tho entire
public debt, Stato and Federal, at tho
close of tho Revolution in 17S3, and four
times as much as tho total expenditures
during tlio three year's war with Great
Britain, in 1812,
Sir, that same Constitution which I
again hold up, aud to which I give iny
who'o heait and my utmost loyality.com
mite to Congress alono the power to bor
row money and to fis tho purposes to which
it shall bo applied, and expressly limits
Army appropriations to tho term of two
years, Kach Senator and Representative,
therefore, must judgo for himsolf,upon his
conscience and bis oath, and beforo God
and tho country, of tho justice and wisdom
aud policy of tho President's demand ;
aud whenever this IIouso shall liavo be-
como but a mere office wherein to register
tho decrees of tho Kxccutivo, it will bo
high time to abolish it. lint I have a
right, I believe, sir, to say that, however
gentlemen upon this eido of tho Chamber
may differ finally as to the war, wo aro
yet firmly and inexorably united in ono
thing at least, and that is in tho determin
ation that our own rights and dignities and
privileges, as tho Representatives of the
people, shall be maintained in their fpirit
and to tho very letter. And bo this iw it
may, I do know that thero aro some hero
present who aro resolved to assert and to
cxcrcUe these lights, wjth becoming de
BLOOMSBURG, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA-,
cency and moderation certainly but at Ibo
same titno fully, freely, and at every haz
ard. Sir,. it is an ancient and wiso practice of
tho English Commons, to preccdo all votes
of supplies by an inquiry into abuses aud
grievances, and especially into any infrac
tions of tho constitution and tho laws by
tho Executive. Let us follow this safo
practice. Wo aro now in Committo of tho
Whole on the state of tho Union ; and in
tho excrciso of my right and my duty as a
Representative, and availing myself of the
latitude of debate allowed hero, I proposo
to consider the piiesent statk of the
Union, and supply also some few of the
many omissions of the President in tho
message beforo us. Sir, ho has underta
ken to give us information of tho stato of
the Union, as the Constitution requires
him to do; and it was his duty,as an hon
est Executive, to mako that information
full, impartial, and complete, instead of
spreading beforo us a labored and lawycr
ly vindication of his own course of policy
a policy which has precipitated us into
a terrible and bloody revolution. He ad
mits tho fact ; ho admits that, to-day, wo
aro in tho midst of a general civili WAn,
not now a moro petty insurrection, to bo
suppressed in twenty days by a proclama
tion and a posse comi'alus of three months
militia.
Sir, it has been tho misfortune of tliG
President from tho beginning, that ho has
totally and wholly underestimated the mag
nitude and character of the revolution with
which he had to deal, or surely ho never
would have ventured upon tho wicked and
hazardous experiment of calling thirty
millions of people to arms among them
selves, without the counsel and authority
of Congress. But when at last ho found
himself hemmed in by tho revolution, and
this city in danger, as ho declares, and
waked up thus as the proclamation of tho
15th of April proves him to be waked up,to
tho reality and significance of tho move
ment, why did ho not forthwith assemble
Congress, and throw himself upon tho wis
dom and patriotism of tho representatives
of the States and of tho people, instead of
usurping powers which tho Constitution
has expressly conferred upon us I ay, sir
and powers which Congress had but a lit
tle while beforo, repeatedly and emphati
cally refused to exercise, or to permit him
to excrciso ? Hut I shall recur to this
point again.
Sir, the President, in this message, has
undertaken also to give us a summary of
tho causes which havo led to tho present
revolution. Hc ha3 mado out a caso ho
might, in my judgement, havo mado out a
much strongsr caso against the secession
ists and disunionists of tho South. All
this, sir, is very well as far it goes. But
tho President does not go back far enough
nor in tho right direction. He forgets the
still stronger caso against tho abolitionists
and disunionists of tho Xorth and West.
Ho omits to tell us that secession and dis
union bad a NewEngland origin, and be
gan in Massachusetts in 1801 at tho timo
of tho Louisianna purchase ; were revived
by tho Hartford convention in 1814, and
culminated, during tho war with Great
Britain, in sondiug commissioners to
Washington to settle the terms for a peaco
ablo seperation of New England from tho
other States of the Union, He forgets to
remind us and the country, that this pres
ent revolution began forty years ago, in
the vehement, porsi stent, offensive, most
irritating and unprovoked agitation of tho
slavery question in tho North and
West, from tho time of tho Missouri con
troversy, with some short intervals, down
to the present hour. Sir, if his statement
of tho caso bo tho whole truth and wholly
correct, then the Democratic party and ov
cry member of it, and tho Whig party, too
and its predecessors, havo been guilty for
sixty years of an unjust, unconstitutional,
and roost wicked policy in administering
tho affairs of tho Government.
But, sir, the President ignores totally
tho violent and loDg-continucd denuncia
ion of slavery and slaveholders, and es
pecially sinco 1833 I appeal to Jackson's
message for tho dato and proof untill at
last a political anti slavery organization
was formed in tho North and West, which
continued to gain strength year after year,
till at length it had destroyed aud usurped
the placo of tho Whig party, and finally
obtained control of every frco State in tho
Union, and elected himself, through fro
State votes aloco, to tho Presidency of tho
United Status, He chooses to pass over
the fact that tho party to which ho thus
owes his placo aud his present power of
mischief, is wholly and totally a sectional
organization ; and as such condemned by
Washington, by Jcficrsou, by Jackson,
Webster, and Clay, and by all tho found
ers and preservers of tho Republic, and
utterly inconsistent with tho principles, or
with tho peace, tho stability or tho exist
ence oven, of our Federal system. Sir,
there never was an hour, from tho organi
zation of this sectional party, when it was
not predicted by the wisest men and truest
patriots, and when it ought not to havo
been known by every intelligent man in
tho country, that it must sooner or later
precipitate a revolution and tho dissolution
of the Union.
Tho President forgets already that,on tho
4th of March, ho declared that tho plat
form of that party was "a law unto him,"
by which ho meant to bo governed in his
administration ; aud yot that platform an
nounocd that whereas there wcro two sop- J
arato and distinct kinds of labor and forms
of civilization in tho two different sections
of tho Union, yet that tho cntiro national
domain, belonging in common to all tho
States, should be taken, possessed, and
held by one section alono, and consecrated
to that kind of labor and form of civiliza
tion alono which prevailed in that section
which by moro numerical superiority, had
chosen the President, and now has, and
for somo years past has had, a majori.y in
tho Senate, as from tho beginning of tho
Government it had also in tho IIouso.
Ho omits, too, to tell tho country and tho
world for ho speaks, and wo all speak
now, to tho world and to posterity that
ho himself and his prime miuiatcr,tho Sec
retary of Stato, declared thrco years ago,
and havo maintained ever sinco, that there
was an "'irrepressible conflict" between the
two sections of this Union ; that tho Un
ion could not endure part slavo and part
frco j and that tho wholo power and influ
ouco of tho Federal Government must
henceforth bo exerted to circumscribe and
hem in slavery within its existing limits.
And now, sir, how comes it that the
President has forgotten to remind us, also
that when tho party thus committed to the
principle of deadly hato and hostlity to
the slavo institutions of the South, and the
men who had proclaimed tho doetrino of
tho irrepressible conflict, and who, in the
dilemma or alternative of this confilct,wcrc
resolved that "the cotton and rice fields of
South Carolina, and the sugar plantations
of Louisiana, should ultimately be tilled
by frco labor," had obtained power and
p'aco in tho common Government of tho
States, the South, except ono State, chose
first to demand solemn constitutional guar
antees for protection against tho abuse of
tho tremendous power aud patronago and
influence of tho Federal Government, for
the purpose of securing the great end of
tho sectional conflict,beforo resort to secess
ion or revolution at all ? Did ho not know
bow could ho be ignorant that at the
last session of Congress, every substantivo
proposition for adjustment and compro
mise, except that offered by tho gentleman
from Illinois, Mr. Kelloq and wo all
know how it was received came from tho
South? Stop a moment, and let us sec.
Tho committee of thirty-thrco was mov
ed for in this IIouso by a gentleman from
Virginia, tho second day of the session,
and received tho voto of every southern
Representative present, except only the
members from South Carolina, who de
clined to vote. Iu tho Scnato, tho com
mittee of thirteen was proposed by a Sen
ator from Kentucky, Mr. Poivr.Li,, and
received tho silent acquiesenco of every
southern Senator present. Tho Critten
den prepositions, too, were submitted also
by another Senator from Kentucky, Mr.
Chittenden, now a member of this
IIouso ; a man vencrablo for his years,
loved for his virtues, distinguished for his
services, honored for his patriotism j for
four-and-forty years a Senator, or in oth-
er'publio office j devoted from the first hour
of his manhood to tho Union of these States;
and who, though ho himself proved his
courage fifty years ago, upon tho battle
field against tho foreign enemies of his
country, is now thank God, still for com
promise at homo, to-day. Fortunate in a
long and well spent life of publio scrvico
and privato worth, ho is unfortunato only
that ho has survived a Union and, I fear, a
Constitution younger than himself.
Tho Border Stato propositions also wcro
projected hy a gentleman from Maryland,
not now a member of this House, and pre
sented by a gentleman from Tennessee,
(Mr. Etheridgo,) now tho Clerk of this
House. And yet all these propositions,
coming thus from tho South, wcro several
ly and repeatedly rejected by tho almost
united voto of tho Republican party in tho
Sonata and tho House Tho Crittenden
propositions, with which Mr, Davis, now
President of tho Coufedcrato Stutcs, and
Mr, Toombs, his Secretary of fjtalc, both
SATURDAY, AUGUST 10, 1861.
declared in tho Senate that they would bo
satisfied, and for which every southern
Senator and Rcprcscntativa voted, never, J
on any occasion, received ono solitary vote
from tho Republican party in cither Houso,
Tho Adams or Corwin amendment, so-
called, reported from tho committeo of
thirty-thrco, and the only substantivo
amendment proposed from tho Republican
eido, was but a bare promise that Congress
should never bo authorized to do what no
sano man ever believed Congress would
attempt to do abolish slavery in the
States where it exists ; and yet even this
proposition, moderate as it was, and for
which every southern member present vo
ted, except ono, was carried through this
IIouso by but ono majority, after long and
tedious delay, and with tho utmost difficul
ty sixty-five Republican members, with
the resolute and determined gentleman
from Pennsylvania Mr. Hickman! at
their head, having voted against it and
fought against it to tho very last.
And not this only, but, as a part of tho
history of the last session, let me remind
you that bills wcro introduced into this
House proposing to abolish and closo up
cartain southern ports of entry; to author-
izo tho President to blockado tho southern
coast ; aud to call out tho militia and ac
cept tho services of volunteers, not for
three years merely, but without any limit
as to cither numbers or timo, for tho very
purpose of enforcing tbo laws, collecting
the revenuo, and protecting tho public
property ; and were pressed vehemently
and earnestly in this Houso jirinr to the
arrival of the President in Uiis city, and
were then, though seven States had sece
ded and set up a government of their own
voted down, postponed, thrust aside, or in
some other way disposed of, sometimes by
largo majorities in this House, till at last
Congress adjourned without any action at
all. Peace then seemed to be tho policy of
all parties.
Thus, sir, tho caso stood at twelve o'
clock on tho 4th of March last, when,
from tha eastern portico of this Capitol,
and in tho presenco of twenty thousand of
his countrymen, but enveloped in a cloud
of soldiary which no other American Pres
ident ever saw, Abraham Lincoln took the
oath of office to support the Constitution,
and delivered his inaugural a message, I
regret to say, not written in the direct and
straightforward language which becomes
an American President and an American
statesman, and which was expected from
tho plain, blunt, honest man of tho North
west, but with tho forked tonguo and
crooked counsel of New York politician,
leaving thirty millions of people in doubt
whether it meant pcaoo or war. But
whatever may havo been the secret purposo
and meaning of tho inaugural, practically
for six weeks the policy of peace prevailed j
and they wore weeks of happiness to tho
patriot, and prosperity of tho country
Business revived ; trado returned ; com
merce flourished. Never was thero a
fairer prospect beforo any people. Seces
sion in the past languished, and was spir
itless and harmless ; secession in the future
was arrested, and perished. By over
whelming majorities, Virginia, Kentuoky,
North Carolina, Tennessee, and Missouri
all declared for the old Union, and every
heart beat high with hope that in duo
course of timo, and through faith and pa
tience and peace, and by ultimato and
adequato compromise, every Stato would
bo restored to it. It is true, indeed, sir,
that tho Republican party, with great
unamity and great earnestness and deter
mination, had resolved against all concili
ation and compromise. But, on the other
hand, tho whole Democratic party, and
tho wholo Constitutional Union party,
wcro equally resolved that there should bo
no civil war upon any pretext ; aud both
sidc3 prepared for an appeal to that great
and final arbiter of all disputes in a frco
country the people
Sir, I do not proposo to inquiro now
whether tho President and his Cabinet
were sinccro and in earnest, and meant
really to persevcro to tho end in tho policy
of pcaco ; or whether from tho first thoy
meant civil war, and only waited to gain
timo till they wcro fairly seated in power,
aud had disposed, too, of that prodigious
'horde of spoilsmen and office seekers,
which camo down at tho first liko an aval
1 anchc upon them t Bnt I do know that tho
. people believo them sinccro, and cordially
ratified nnd approved of tho policy of
, peace ; not as they subsequently responded
1 to tho policy of war, in a whlrlnind of
passion and madness, but calmly and
I
soberly, and as tho result of their dellbcr.
I .... ..) ....i i. .i t..i:
UbU SUU UIUDI OU.V1UII JUUIUi;Ub, UUU UbllUY.
ing that civil war was absolute and otern.il
disunion, while secession was but partial
and temporary, they cordially indorsed
also tho proposed evacuation of Sumter
and the other forts and publio property
within tho seceded States. Nor, sir. will
I stop now to explore tho several causes
which cither led to a chango in tho appa
rent policy or an early development of the
original and real purposes of tho Adminis-1
tration. But there aro two which I cannot
pass by. And tbo first of these was tar
ty necessity, or the clamor of politicians,
and especially of certain wicked, reckless,
and unprincipled conductors of a partisan
press. Tho pcaco policy was crushing out
tho Ropublican party. Under that policy,
sir, it was melting away liko snow before
the sun. Tho general elections in Rhode
Island and Connecticut, and municipal
elections in Now York and in tho western
States, gavo abundent evidence that tho
pcoplo were resolved upon the most ample
satisfactory constitutional guarantees to
tho South as tho price of a restoration of
Union. And then it was sir, that tho
long and agonizing howl of defeated and
disappointed politicians camo up beforo
tho Administration. Tho newspaper press
teemed with appeals and threats to tho
President. Tho mails groaned under the
weight of letters demanding a change of
policy ; while a secret conclavo of the
Governors of Massachusetts, New York,
Ohio, and other States, assembled here,
promised men and money to support tho
President in the irrepressible conflict which
they now invoked. And thus it was, sir,
that tho necessities of a party in tho pangs
of dissolution, in the very hour and article
of death, demanding vigorous measures,
which could result in nothing but civil war,
renewed iccccsion, and absolute and eter
nal disunion, wero preferred aod harkened
to beforo tho pcaco and harmony and
prosperity of tho whole country.
But thero was another and yet stronger
impelling cause without which this horrid
calamity of civil war might havo been
postponed, and, perhaps, finally averted.
Ono of tho last and worst acts of Congress,
which, born in bittcrnesf and nurtured in
convulsion, liltcrally did thoso things
which it ought not to havo done, and left
undone those things which it onght to havo
done, was tho passago of an obscure, in
digested, and unstatcsmanliko high pro
tective tariff act, commonly known as
tub Morrill Tariff." Just about
tho samo timo, too, tho Confederate Con
gross at Montgomery adopted our old tariff
of 1857, which wo had rejected to make
way for the Morrill act, fixing their rato
of duties at five, fifteen, and twenty per
cent lower than ours. Tho result was as
inevitable as tho laws of trado are inexor
able. Trado and commerce and especi
ally tho trado and commerce of tho West
began to look to the South. Turned out
of their natural course years ago, by tho
canals and railroads of Pennsylvania and
New York, and diverted eastward at a
heavy loss to tho West, thoy threatened
now to resume their ancient and accustomed
channels the water-courses tho Ohio &
the Mississippi. And political association
and uuion, it was well known, must soon
follow tbo direction of trado and interest.
Tho city of New York, the great commer
cial emporium of tho Union, and tho North
west, the chief granary of tho Union, be
gan to clamor now loudly for a repeal of
the pernicious and ruinous tariff. Threat
ened thus with the loss of both political
power and wealth, or tho repeal or tho
tariff, and at last of both, Now England
and Pennsylvania, too, the land of Pcnn,
cradled in peace demanded now coercion
and civil war, with all its horrors, as tho
prico of preserving cither from destruction.
Ay, sir, Pennsylvania, tho great keystone
of tho arch of tho Union, was willing to
lay tho wholo weight of her iron upon tho
sacred arch, and crush it beneath the load.
The subjugation of tho South ay, sir, the
subjugation of tho South 1 I am not talk
ing to children or fools ;. for there is not a
man iu this IIouso fit to bo a Representa
tive hero who does not know that tho South
cannot bo forced to yield obedience to your
laws and authority again until you havo
conquored and subjugated hor tho subju
gation of tho South, and tho closing up of
her ports, first by forco, in war, and after
wards in tariff laws, in pcaco, was deliber
ately resolved upon in tho East. And,
sir, when once this policy was begun, these
self-samo motives of waning commerco and
threatened loss of trado impelled tho groat
city of Now Y ork, and her merchants and
her politicians and her press, with hero
and thero an honorabl exception, to placo
herself in tho very front rank among tho
worshipers of Moloch. Much, indeed, of
that outburst and uprising in tho North
which followed the proclamation of tho
15th of April, as
VOLUME 25.
proclamation itself was called forth, by the
fall of Sumptcr an event long anticipated
as by tho notion that "insurrection," as
it was called, might be crushed out in a
few weeks, if not by tho display, certainly
at least, by tho presence of an overwhelm
ing force.
These, sir, were tho chief causes which,
along with others, led to a change im tho
policy of tho Administration, and instead
of peace, forced us headlong into civil war,
with all its accumulated horrors.
But whatever may have been tho causci
or the motives of the act, it is certain that
thero was a chango in tho policy which
the Administration meant to adopt, or
which at least they led tho country to be
lieve they intended to pursue. I will not
venturo now to assert, what may yet somo
day bo mado to appear, that tho subsc
qucnt acts of tho Administration, and its
enormous aud persistent infractions of tho
Constitution, its high-handed usurpations
of power, formed any part of a deliberate
conspiracy to overthrow the present form
of Federal republican government, aud to
establish a strong centralized Government
in its stead. No, sir ; whatever their pur
poses aro now, I rather think, that in the
beginning, they rushed heedlessly into tho
gulf, believing that, tho Boat of war was
then far distant and difficulties of access,
the display of vigor in reinforcing Sumptcr
and Pickens, and in calling out seventy
five thousand militia upon tho firing of tha
first gun, and above all, in that exceeding
ly happy and origional conceit of com
manding the insurgent States to "disperse
in twenty days," would not, on tbo ono
hand precipitate a crisis, while, upon, tho
other, it would satisfy its own violent par
tizans, and thus re vivo and rcstoro tho fall
ing fortunes of the Republican party.
' I can hardly conceive sir, that tho
President and his advisers could bo guilty
of the exceeding folly of expecting to- car
ry on a general civil war by a mere fosse
cnmitalus of thrco months militia. It may
be, indeed, that, with wicked and most
desperate cunning, tho President meant
all this as a mere cntring wedge to that
which was to rive tho oak asunder ; or pos
sibly as a test, to learn tho publio senti
ment of tho North aud West. But howev
er that may bo, the rapid secession and
movement of Virginia, North Carolina,
Arkansas and Tennessee, taking with them
as I havo said elsewhere, four millions and
a half of people, immenso wealth inex
haustible resources, five hundred thousand
fighting men, and the graves of Washing
ton andJackson, and bringing up too, in
ono single day, tbo frontier from tho Gulf
to tho Ohio and tho Potomac, together
with the abandonment by one side, and
tho ocupation by tho other, of Harper's
Ferry aud tho Norfolk navy-yard ; and
the fierce gust and whirlwind of passion
in the North, compelled cither a sudden
waking up of the President and his advi
sers to the frightful significancy of tho act
which they committed in heedlessly brea
king the vaso which contained tho slum
bering demon of civil war, or else a pre
mature but rapid development of tho dar
ing plot to fostor and promote secession
and then set up a new and strong form of
Govcrnmct in tho States which might re
main in the Uuion.
Bat whatevor may have been tho pur
pose, I assert hero to-day, as a Represen
tative, that every principal a ct of tho Ad
ministration since, has boen a glaring
usurpation of power, and a palpable and
dangerous violation of that very Constitu
tion which this civil war is professodly
waged to support. Sir, I pass by tho
proclamation of tho 15th of April, sum
moning tho milita not to defend this oap
ital ; there is not a word about tho capital
in tho proclamation, and thero was then
no possible danger to it from any quarter;
but to retake and occupy forts and prop
erty a thousand miles off summoning, I
say, tho milita to surprcss tho so-called
insurrection. 1 do not believe indeed, and
no man believod in Februar last, when Mr.
Stanton, of Ohio, introduced his bill to
enlarge tho act of 1795, that act ever con
templated tho caso of a general revolution,
and of resistance by an organized Govern
ment. But no matter. Tho milita thus
called out, with a shadow, at least, of au
thority, and for a period extending one
month tho assembling of Congress, wero
amply sufficient to protect the capital
against any foreo which was then likely t
bo Bent against it and tho event has pro
ved it and ample enough also to suppress
tho outbreak in Maryland. Every other
principal act of the Administration might
well havo beenpostpoued until tho meetine
of Congress ; or if tho oxigenciis of the oc
casion demanded it, Congress should have