" '"r
l have sworn upon the Alter of Cod, eternal hostility t every form of Tyranny ever the Mind of Man." Tkotms JeftVnwn
Volume X.
OFFICE OF THE DEMOCRAT.
Sjuru bid" or Main, a fkw poors be
low Market-strekt.
TEP.1.3 :
The COT UMliM DEMOCRJlTwiUbe
published every Saturday mormng,at
TWO DOLLARS per annum payable
half yearly in advance, or Two Dollaxi
r.iv,, CattAtnolvaid within theyear.
tto subscription will be taken for a shorter
il thmi six months; nor any uiscon
tinuance permitted, until all arrearages
are disr.hargril.
JtDVERTlSEMENS not exceeding a
square will be conspicuously inserted at
One Dollar for the first three insertions,
and Twenty-five cents for every subse
nuent nser'tion. tO" liberal discoun
. t those, who advertise by theyear
LETTERS addressed on business, mutt
, he post paid. T
VETO MESSAGE
To (he Senate and House of Hepesen
'"t Hives:
' Gentlemen: The bill, entitled 'an
eel lo incorporate ihe Pennsylvania rail
road iron manufacturing company, ' has
been presented for my approbation.
' The bill provide for the incorpora
lion of five persons, naming; them, and
such others at may associate with them,
for the purpse of manufacturing railroad
and other iron, in ill its varieiies, with
a capital stoek of iwo hundred thousand
dollar; and in addition io the usual cor
porale privilege, may purchase and
hold one thousand acres of land. The
company may go into operation when
Ihe amount of fifty ihouaand dollars of
the itock ia paid in. Various provis
; ions are made for the government rl
ihe company : sod 1 Ihe ! s corny cf ilu
stockholders. 1 -
When 1 assumed the duties devolv
ing on Ihe Executive under ihe Consti
tution, in January, lS-15,1 announced
Ihe following.among other leading prin
ciples, by which 1 proposed to be Rid
, ed in the performance of my official du
ties, to wit;. 'Thai the grant of exclusive
privileges lo some, is repugnant to our
whole syatem, the intent of which is lo
make firm the equal rights cf all, and
thai men associated lor gain, should, in
common with others, be liable individ
ually for all their joint engagements.'
These, 1 then regar-ed, end do still re
gaicl, as being among ihe primary truth?
sflecting the basis of our government,
and nteding no belter confirmation of
their value, than is to be found every
where in the history of our country.
In the application of these primary
truths to Ihe action of theGeneul A
aembly, it has been my painful duty, on
several occasions, lo return with olj-c
lions, bills that bad received the assent
ol a msjori'y of both branches of the
,' .Legislature. In Ihe Message I had the
'lhe honor to transmit, containing these
"objections, my views upon this itnpor
tint suhject are expressed 10 some txienl
in detail: they will be fuund among oth
ers, in the message of ihe 22 I March,
1845, Senate Journal, vol. 1, page 4S7,
on Ihe bill relating lo Ihe Dumannon
iron works, in Perry county; in the
message of the 12'h il April 1S45,
Journal Jonse of Representative, vol- I
pjge 717, or. Ihe North Brank Branch
railroad and coal company, in Ihe mes
sage of ihe 9 h March, 184G, S. na e
Journal, vol. I. page 355, on the bill to
incorporate the manigers at d company
of the Consstogn steam m II?, in ihe city
of LancasWr. These views are predica
td in principle on 'he first section of ihe
bill of rights, which declares, ' I hut all
men are born pqtnlly free and indepen
dent, aud have certain inherent and in
defeasible rights, smung Wh ch are
lliose of enjoying and defending life and
liberty, of acquiring, jossessfng, end
protecting propTty snd reputation, and
of pursuing their own happiness.'
ti ...i!.n ilia nmui nf ihiT.firr
tJ :e:m;;u diss; t. The mechanic .n,,
BLOOMSRUUC, COLUMIIIA. COtMV, VX. -SATURDAY, rEBIllJAUY 27, 1847.
the citizens, In regsrp tothe acquisition
possession and prottciion of properly, if
as clearly piohihiied, ss he power u
place the life, liberty, reputation or pur
suit of happiness of selected and favored
individuals, under a particular guardian
ship and protecting care, from which Ihe
rest of the people are excluded, a prop
osilion too monstrous lobe tolerated
under s free government
JFqoality of rights is thu peculior fea
lureofour syMem. This principle had
a disii net application in its adoption
when ihe love of liberty and the inhtr
ent and Indefeasible rights ol man weie
felt and apprehended in their fulle
force; being Ihen placed in strong con
rasi to the inequality lhal prevailed in
ihe government from which our Revo
lutionarv fathers , senarYd. these Statee
This equality is sesUI and s.cedly
ffiiared bv ihe Constitution, flg 0 e of
Ihe giest and essential principles of lib
o
er'y and free government.
The distinguishing feature of the bill
or lore me, is (0 disturb this f quality. It
proposes to confer on an incorporated
company j not only Ihe right to manu"
facture railroad iron, but iron in all its
varieties; a business in which thousands
of our citizens, with an investment 0)
nillione of eapiur,ea'redy engaged on
heir own individual responsibility. Il
does nol even compel ihe company it
enter upon ihe manufacture of railroad
iron, which is held oul as a principl
ubj'Ct, The bill proposes lo authoriz-
he company to hold one thousand acm
of land in 131s i r county, which they ma)
f course hold in as many different pla
ces in ihe eo.mty as lo them may seen
convenient, .to establish furnaces, forgef
and rolling mills, lo carry on theordi-
tary manufacture of iron, in competition
with individuals, without onferiing any
the slightest, benfit upon the public, Ilia
is not derived from individual manu far-
- . 1
turers. I cacr.ol perceive in tne oujecs
of Ihis aFsocialion, reasons of preferencr
or peculiar merits sufficient to wirani
a departure Tom ihe settled polity ol
he Common waallh, and in invasion 0
he principle ol ihe ConMiiu ion.
Individual means, enlrrprize and lal
nts, have under Ihe benign p olectioii
f rqual laws, and wiih a eacied regird
10 inherent and ndefessihle qu d rihh
tcuied lo all, infused into the gieat de
pnrlments of businesi in Ihe Stale, sgri-
viltural, comjr.eicia', mini ig, munnfac
luring and mechanical, dt giee of t-nt-r-
uv, enterpnz rnl healih, which hav
rarried us onwaM in p" sjifruy, civiii-
1
zitinn and refinpinf nt. Tlip 1 eonle whi
have thus, undei Prnvideiie, been the
instrument f psibli.-tiing ntir greatnefs
who hav enjoyed tl eir rmhts in cmn
mon with tlur Mln v citizens, who
have thriven under iIip observance of
Ihe decKra'inn of iiftht; and have
been a blesmu to iliemsrlvs and lo
(hecountiv ttesn au the meri'onous
rr.en of the Commonwealih, and thej
ire elevated far above Ihfl desire to add
0 their gain, or lo sek for security
g tins', contingencies, by a-king for s;ec
si privileges, -Relying ,l1" themselves
as freemen 1 ughi, they cleared our na
tive forests, built the hg cahin nd the
homely shed, wl.ich have now given
place lo abodes of confort and conveni
nce; the precarious rmp, growing a-
midst deadenid limber trees, and
a latched from th hi'-U Indian, ie
inst in the teuPial and peaceful Cnl'i
uuiir.n i.f il e sort!., iha' fa'U ihe land
with plenty. Tne sp ning wheel, be
hinrl w !i h Ihe fiinril hfueile was
wont to ply her venii g ran , is hushed
ty the whiil cf million of spindles,
prepelled by :he power t S'eam in ihe
manufactory The dependent traffic
with England, is exchanged for an en
enlarged and profitable commerce with
Iff. WEBB, EDITOR AM PROPRIETOR.
once lurnished only s limited supply of
sealtered neonle, now
ninister in profusislon 10 Ihe wants
convenience snd comforl of a large pop
ilation. The bowels of Ihe earth hive
een exploied, and its mineral treasn
s brought out and appropriated foi
purposes of general good. ' V?on ih
mall and objure furnsnce and tilUnn
nammer, ire sup fedtd by the full
nid extensive r ill ng mills, by which
our limitles mioes of iionore sre con
veiled, in all po-sible vr eiies, toil
ise of mar. Thoae are aihi vements
under the Constitution, and sustained
'iy its ptincij les, and 1 rannol believe
lhal it is eiiher ihe policy, Ihe intered
or Ihe righl of the government, to ex
change such olid foundations of tru
r aines9, for a new sysiern of specia
p iviliges, repugnant lo the principle
ol the government, and, in my npmioi
10 Ihe sentiments of tie freemen ofPenn
ylvania.
The in'roductioo of a chss of op1 Ti
ers, clothed with exclusive privilgts, In
me ap ears lo be, not only contrary i
be spirit and meaning of the constitu
tion, but il promises no advantage eith
er lo Ihe public or to individual. This
is proved by Ihe result of all attempts
hat have hitherto been made in Ihis
Half, lo benefit public or priva'e inl.r
at by means ol copotationg.for purposr
viihiii Ihe compjsj ol mdividuit
ompas and enter prize.
All that legislative grants rouM do.seeuts
10 have been done lo animate incorporated
Coal companies wim (he ability 10 develop
diis invaluable mineral. Tliirty-fire com
panics have been incorporate, n idi an ag
gregate capital of inure than eight mill ion?
il'dollaii, and with authority to hold eighty-five
ihouaand acres of coal landt When
aielhey? What have ihey doni? The;
re useless, because of their organic inade
quacy lo accomplish the purposes lor which
ihey were created.
Individual enterprise, capital aud energy.
sanctioned and invigorated b) die spirit and
meaning ol the Constitution, hava seiz c
pon and perfnimed the woik with rrsisi-
luss power. And Ihope pretty ari.Ucial en -
iiions have shrunk from eompe liuon wild
he natural and vigorous ex nions nf ihe
icnple, made without the aid, and, in some
legree, in dtfnneo of legislative enacl
neiin. Lending money has been conducted in
his State by incorporaied banks, perhaps
will) more success than has attended any
ilier attempt lo rarry on business, by con-
fering special privileges. And yet ihe ag
gregate losses and injuries which have been
inflicted upon ihe people by ihe pspei sys
tem, of which lliey h;ive been the prolific
fource, ate budly rninpenSatcd by all the
advantages they have conferied. The fes
tering sores lhal were cieated upon ihe bml-
y politic, under the banking act of 182',
1 ml the flood of vice, gambling, an I fraud
which il spread over the land, had barely
been slaved and controlled, when ihe Bank
of the United Slates commenced and carri
ed out its work of desolation unsettlinr
the foundations of proper'y, strippinj the
v'ntuoua of their honesl acquisitions, and
robbing the widows and ihe fatherless ol
iheir means nf subsisience. The iope h
now entertained, lhal by limiting ihe a
innunl nf banking capital, and by the intro-
luciion of wholesome restrictions, ihe ad-
vHiitsges lo be deiived from ihe system
may be secured, without being exposed In
ihe danger nf ihoae excesses which havi
heretofore been so destructive. Bui, should
the powsr to regulate and oonlr ihe hank
fail, who lhal values honesty, and truth,
virus and religion, would not infinitely pre
far ihe old fashioned, simple and frugii
mode of lending money, when those wh''
were fortunate assisted their enterprising
neighbors upon a safe neighborhood ssru
riiy, 10 all the bentflis of the banking ays
tem, purchased Sy ihe introduction of so
much fiaud. profligacy, oppression and dis
grace
Il follows from this review, that oor hia
lory proves conclusively that individual en
, r-,; -rTiT- -ilr--r,rr, T
.erprjse, in all the great departments of bu
liuess, has been Ye lenefiuial and success-
ful, ss corporate operations have been loo
freqnently useless and ruinous.
I5ut il is sometimes argued that by cor-
poraie privileges men of ma. I means may
enj
gaje in large business, by aggregating
sir capita! and by this legal device a 'man
their 1
having one hundred, five hundred or a thou
sand dollars, may become a coal operatoi
a banker or an iron-muster.
Ihe thousands of our citizens w!n have
lost their money by becoming shareholder
in corporations demonstrate the dWney and
folly of this argument. Small sharehoM
ar in corporations are the mere instrument
of the wealthy proprietors, ihey have m
effective view in ihe management of affaire
hey are powerless helpless and dependen
A few large share holders manage the in
stitution and direct il for evil or for good
and thus instead of diffusing the benefits ol
4 profitable business, and limiting the pow
er and influence of individual wealth, ihis
power end infltionce are greatly increased
Die principal shareholders nol only man
i9 their ovn money, but they woik will
he augmented power, derived fro Ihe
means of ibe'.r neighbors. The bill be for
me provides that ihe company may go inn
opeiation when Cf y thousand dollars of th
lock are paid in. A few principal share
holders, who own Iwen'y-six thousani
dollars of the slock may as each share ir
niitled to or.e vote t ssume the direction
md those who have paid in the remainiif
twenty-four thousand dollars must patient
ly submit, Thus one or perhaps two ov
three men, with a capital of lwer.ty-ai
thousand dollars, secure the control of fift;
thousand dollars, and the power whicl
wealth always confers i mulliplied nol b)
die natur d course of ibings but by loga
ri r rivar.cra and the very argument bv
which those special privileges are attempl
ed lo be sustained is found upon examina
tion 10 be adverse lo the end fer which il it
advanced.
This bill contains nne extraordinary fea
ture. liy Ibe seventh section 11 is proviu
d the stockholders shall be individually li
ble when ihe cerporation is insolvent nm
o pay all their just debls bill only dies.
1 1 1 e in an enumerated claae of creditor;
hile the claims of others are excluded fron
le benefits of this aecurity. The prefer
ence thus given limits the liubiliiy nol d
the honesty and merit of (he claim hut U
the profession or business of ihe claimant,
md intrndine" rule ol moral olligilinn sr
novel in its terms and unreasonable in it'
pplication, as lo find no sanction in thr
plain principles of common justice. Be
sides, this section presents a sin ng temp
tation lo ihe managrrs of a failing corpora
lien, 10 apply ihe funds they can command
to the payment nf ihoss creditors who hae
claims by the law, upon ihe individual
estates of the 01 kl.oldcrfi and lo throw
the loss upon lliose creditors from whom
this secunty is withheld. This provision
Idamcnitiales the inconsistency and injus
tice which are inseparably connected with
every deviation from tho plain snd natural
principles of right, lhal hold every mai lia
ble lo pay all his honesl debts, and have t'ti
salutary effect of checking extravagance w'
aking men careful and cautious in Iheu
enterprises and business operations.
I have already advertsd to achievements
of individual enterprise, which is mosi
itrong'y illjstrated by ihe extensive and
successful manufacture of Iron thongbou'
he Stats. By granting special privilege
to some, great injustice is done lo tithere
engaged in carrying on ihe same busioess
Upon ihis sotjccl, I remarked in ihe mes
sage upon the hancasier Manufacturing
Company, in 1843, 'aggregate corporate
wealth, employed in any branch nf industry
which has already enghged Ihe enterprise
md capital of individuals either is or is not,
nors advantageous and profitable than in
lividtial investments devoted lo iho same;
object, K ins nol more profitable, there
,-an be no reason founded in State policy
which will aanciinn its adoption. If it is
more piofitablu, then ii is made so by spe
cial privileges, conferred by the government
.in qorrn anil denied to others, a rtrinciole
which Cutis no sanction in ihe uuiversaljbe, the system often seeais to ibe Btsdied
TiTrTTHnTBITri Jilil yi ilinrilTliTiiiIllliTTi
- opinion of die people of h:s Stale.'' and'
repugnant lo the fuhdameatal law.' ' And
again 'Is this proposed change sos'i'medl 'I 'bis tb ncaieat oad te Coikl' Is it to
by ihe allegation ihst the ' great tiuaiiufaep'ol'l''Ju f going?' 'Yes, but my quss.
(ui ing establishments al Philadelphia Puis-
burgh, and throughout ihe State aegan and
condncled at ihey have'been by Jtrfdividuat
mean and skill, have failed in areomplisk-
ing the purposes for which lliey were erec
ted, or lhal they are languishing lor ihe
want of corporate animation? The entire
aspect of the State negatives the idea.'
Why should one company or association
be piivileged to place only a portion of the
estates of the partners, in a position to be
Mil'jeci to ihe contingencies of the buir.es
and in case of misfortune fall back upon thl
enjoyment of their protected means and
hold Iheir creditors at defiance, whi.e all the
rest honestly apply all iheir property lo
merit the just demands of their creditors?
Every aspect of this bill, presents 10 my
mind insuperable objections to the adoption
of its provisions, and strengthens my con
viction, that by the exclusion of corpora'e
privilege, and by a strict adherence to the
tound old fashioned principles by which
the rewaid of industry is secured, and eve ry
man ia compelled, if he is able, lo pay all
us honest debls, are among the best means
if promoting individual happiness and
,rn.pcrily and of advancing the general
elfare.
Upon a teview of the whole subject,
am convinced, lhal irrespective of ohjp
ions 10 details, the granting of exclusive
nriviledees 10 some, for purposes within
he I'ompass of individual enterprise is re-
mgnanl 10 the spirit and meaning of the
Consti'.ution of the Stale lo the sentiments
f the people, and lo the genius of our in
Mttutions.
W these objections,.! have , directed
he bill to be returned to ihe Senate, where
I originated.
FR'S R. SHUNK.
Executive. Ciiamukr. Harrhburg, Ftf.
J, 1847.
Good and Bd Luck M mny here,
s well as any wber", impart the secie
lgood and bud luck. Tnere aie met
vho snpposiug Providence to have at
niplncable spite ssingt ihem, bemoan
n poverty cf a wretched old age the
nisforlunes of ihe ir lives. Lurk forcv
art Bgainsl ihem and for otVrs. One
with a good'ptolesiion, lost his luck in
in the river, wheie he idled away Mi
me a fining,'vhen he should luve beei
al his r flicc. Another with a good trade
burnt up his lack by his l.ol temper,
which p-ovoked his employed !o leavt
im. Another with a lucia'ive bu"inea
0at his luck by amazing diligence .1
verything but his business. Anothu
who steadily followed his trade, as tead
ly followed h's hot 1 le. Another, whi
was honesl & constant al his work, erred
oy perpetual misju lgments he Isfk'd
liscietton. Ilondreus lose their lu K
by endoising, bj ssnguine spe culationt;
bv iilis'ing fraudulent men; and by dis
honest guns. A man never has goo I
luck who has s bid wife. I never knew
an esr'y rising, hard wo'king, prudent
man, careful of h'S earnings, and s ric I .
in,i M, who compla ned of had luck. A
jood chateoWr, good habits and iron in
tU'i'ry are i" p ginble lo ihe assaul's ot
.11 the ill luck tha, fools ever tlr am-d
.f. Hot when I see a tails idemalion,
creeping oul of a grocery late in the after
noon, with hand stuck into his pockets,the
rim of his hal turned on, snd the crown
knocked in, I know he hss had bad luck, lor
the worst of all lurk is to be a sluggaid, s
knave or a tippler.. Becir.
U.' 1!,.-., .'J
Jin Irish Answer It may seem mat
ler of no exuaordinary difficulty 10 give a
plain answer to a plain queaiion. and yet v
is an act which il evidently requires mud
t ouble lo Inarn In all nan civiuzeo na
lions, the inquirer for ihe mosl simple thing
is mei by at: enigma for an answer; and, a
mong ihe peasantry ofSeoltland ant'Ireland
civilized as the general communities may
t.ltiiiulieur 43
is evasion. Tbis dialogue is the mode cf
ihnusanu's In Ibe sisr isle
tion is ss lo the cti road- 'Why, thie
road ii as pear as that oij the other aide 0? -
the hill, foi neith-T of them is any toad at '
all.' Then which war oushi I ia ro?' 'Oft
4 " w
hal depends on your honor's own liking.
Perhaps yon wouldn't like to go back
gain?' Certainly not. Bui. one word for.
all. my good fellow; do you know anything
about any kind of a road here?' There
nowj-if your honor had asked tbsl before i
could have tota you al once,' Uul with it
then.' hy truth is your honor ibat I am
t nger in these parte and the best thing
ihat you can do is to stop till somebody
comes thil knews all the va;i! Stupid
1 ionndrelJ; why didjyou not say so al first
Stupidl that's ill my thanks. But why did
not your honor ask me if I bi '0 ged to tho
place? lhal would have settled the business
Take a fools advice and strip where you are.
PRETTY GOOD..
Who is the author of ihe following we -
kno no. Il was found in an old news
paper lhal looked ss if it was piintoj when
Adam was a boy.
Sambo was a slave to a mister who was.
c institutionally addicted to lying. S mbo
being strongly devoled to bis master, had
by dint of long practice, made himself in . ,
Pat'ept in giving plausibility to h i master'
.largest stories.
One day when the master was entertain
ing company in his eus'omary manner a-
mong other marvelous facis he relaied an
incident which took place in one of hia
hunting excursions.
'1 fired at s buck,' eaid he, 'at one hun
dred yards distance, and the ball passed
through his left hind foot and , through his
head; just back of h'rs ear.'
This evidently producing some lilt,Iff
doubl in the minds of his guests, lie tailed
upon bambo to corroborate him
'Yes, raaesa,' said the almost confounded
slave, after a moment's heailatior, me sie .
de ball hit 'im. Jes as rro'sa lif up de
Jim lo he eye, da buck I if up him loot to .
cratch him ear, an' maasa's ball go clear
.l.rough hira fool an' head al de same ;
timr,'
The gn.'sls were perfectly satisfied with
Sambo's explanation, and swallowed Ihe ,
whole without further hesitation, but when,
lis guests were gone, Sambo ventured upon t
his master's good humor so far as lo re
monstiate. 'Por mighty sake, massa, when you tell
a nudder sich s big lie don't put 'em so far .
apart, me had deblish bard work for get
urn logathur,'
JEFFKBSON.
Mr. Jefferson was beyond the ordinary .
iimensions, being upwards ol six feel two r
inches in heighl ihm, but well formed, ereel
in his carriage, and imposing in his appear-
aie, Ilia complexiou was fair, his hair,
originally red, became white and silvery in
old age, his eyes were light blue, spaiknng
with irite'igen e and bearai g wit 1 philau-
i iimt t hia nndA ivua luran hiii fir'ii.M(t
. iiiujini ..www " " - ' - . ' -
and his whole countenance indicated great
sensibility and profound thought. His
manners were simple and polished, yet dig
nified, and all who approa"hed hi.n were
rendered petfec'.Iy ateaae, both bv his rs-
lublican habits and his genuine p diteiirf's.
His disposition being ciieeiful, hi cunver-
stiioti was lively aud enthusiastic, remaik .
ible for the purity of hi t i,!.q'ih! 1 it i:ot
nd the correctness of his ihri.iiligy. He
lialiKed form an'l parade, and his diees was
remaikably plain, and often slovenly. Be-
oefolence and liberality were prominent
traits of his disposition. To his slavra he
was an indulgent master. As a lu-ighbor,
b? was much esteemed for sis liberality and
Irien'tly offices. J3 a friend he was ar- .
dent unchangeable' and as a host, ihe mn
rifii encs of hospitality was carried to th
excess of self impoverishment. He pos
sessed great fortitude nf mind, and his com
maud of temper waa such lhal he was tiev
er ee3ti in a passion.
As a man ol tellers, and a votary 01 sci
rnce, he acquired high distinction. In Ibe
classics, and in several European language g
as well as mathematics be attained a pro
fficieney not common to American students,
Sam(m' tnaiwaU
-