" '"r l have sworn upon the Alter of Cod, eternal hostility t every form of Tyranny ever the Mind of Man." Tkotms JeftVnwn Volume X. OFFICE OF THE DEMOCRAT. Sjuru bid" or Main, a fkw poors be low Market-strekt. TEP.1.3 : The COT UMliM DEMOCRJlTwiUbe published every Saturday mormng,at TWO DOLLARS per annum payable half yearly in advance, or Two Dollaxi r.iv,, CattAtnolvaid within theyear. tto subscription will be taken for a shorter il thmi six months; nor any uiscon tinuance permitted, until all arrearages are disr.hargril. JtDVERTlSEMENS not exceeding a square will be conspicuously inserted at One Dollar for the first three insertions, and Twenty-five cents for every subse nuent nser'tion. tO" liberal discoun . t those, who advertise by theyear LETTERS addressed on business, mutt , he post paid. T VETO MESSAGE To (he Senate and House of Hepesen '"t Hives: ' Gentlemen: The bill, entitled 'an eel lo incorporate ihe Pennsylvania rail road iron manufacturing company, ' has been presented for my approbation. ' The bill provide for the incorpora lion of five persons, naming; them, and such others at may associate with them, for the purpse of manufacturing railroad and other iron, in ill its varieiies, with a capital stoek of iwo hundred thousand dollar; and in addition io the usual cor porale privilege, may purchase and hold one thousand acres of land. The company may go into operation when Ihe amount of fifty ihouaand dollars of the itock ia paid in. Various provis ; ions are made for the government rl ihe company : sod 1 Ihe ! s corny cf ilu stockholders. 1 - When 1 assumed the duties devolv ing on Ihe Executive under ihe Consti tution, in January, lS-15,1 announced Ihe following.among other leading prin ciples, by which 1 proposed to be Rid , ed in the performance of my official du ties, to wit;. 'Thai the grant of exclusive privileges lo some, is repugnant to our whole syatem, the intent of which is lo make firm the equal rights cf all, and thai men associated lor gain, should, in common with others, be liable individ ually for all their joint engagements.' These, 1 then regar-ed, end do still re gaicl, as being among ihe primary truth? sflecting the basis of our government, and nteding no belter confirmation of their value, than is to be found every where in the history of our country. In the application of these primary truths to Ihe action of theGeneul A aembly, it has been my painful duty, on several occasions, lo return with olj-c lions, bills that bad received the assent ol a msjori'y of both branches of the ,' .Legislature. In Ihe Message I had the 'lhe honor to transmit, containing these "objections, my views upon this itnpor tint suhject are expressed 10 some txienl in detail: they will be fuund among oth ers, in the message of ihe 22 I March, 1845, Senate Journal, vol. 1, page 4S7, on Ihe bill relating lo Ihe Dumannon iron works, in Perry county; in the message of the 12'h il April 1S45, Journal Jonse of Representative, vol- I pjge 717, or. Ihe North Brank Branch railroad and coal company, in Ihe mes sage of ihe 9 h March, 184G, S. na e Journal, vol. I. page 355, on the bill to incorporate the manigers at d company of the Consstogn steam m II?, in ihe city of LancasWr. These views are predica td in principle on 'he first section of ihe bill of rights, which declares, ' I hut all men are born pqtnlly free and indepen dent, aud have certain inherent and in defeasible rights, smung Wh ch are lliose of enjoying and defending life and liberty, of acquiring, jossessfng, end protecting propTty snd reputation, and of pursuing their own happiness.' ti ...i!.n ilia nmui nf ihiT.firr tJ :e:m;;u diss; t. The mechanic .n,, BLOOMSRUUC, COLUMIIIA. COtMV, VX. -SATURDAY, rEBIllJAUY 27, 1847. the citizens, In regsrp tothe acquisition possession and prottciion of properly, if as clearly piohihiied, ss he power u place the life, liberty, reputation or pur suit of happiness of selected and favored individuals, under a particular guardian ship and protecting care, from which Ihe rest of the people are excluded, a prop osilion too monstrous lobe tolerated under s free government JFqoality of rights is thu peculior fea lureofour syMem. This principle had a disii net application in its adoption when ihe love of liberty and the inhtr ent and Indefeasible rights ol man weie felt and apprehended in their fulle force; being Ihen placed in strong con rasi to the inequality lhal prevailed in ihe government from which our Revo lutionarv fathers , senarYd. these Statee This equality is sesUI and s.cedly ffiiared bv ihe Constitution, flg 0 e of Ihe giest and essential principles of lib o er'y and free government. The distinguishing feature of the bill or lore me, is (0 disturb this f quality. It proposes to confer on an incorporated company j not only Ihe right to manu" facture railroad iron, but iron in all its varieties; a business in which thousands of our citizens, with an investment 0) nillione of eapiur,ea'redy engaged on heir own individual responsibility. Il does nol even compel ihe company it enter upon ihe manufacture of railroad iron, which is held oul as a principl ubj'Ct, The bill proposes lo authoriz- he company to hold one thousand acm of land in 131s i r county, which they ma) f course hold in as many different pla ces in ihe eo.mty as lo them may seen convenient, .to establish furnaces, forgef and rolling mills, lo carry on theordi- tary manufacture of iron, in competition with individuals, without onferiing any the slightest, benfit upon the public, Ilia is not derived from individual manu far- - . 1 turers. I cacr.ol perceive in tne oujecs of Ihis aFsocialion, reasons of preferencr or peculiar merits sufficient to wirani a departure Tom ihe settled polity ol he Common waallh, and in invasion 0 he principle ol ihe ConMiiu ion. Individual means, enlrrprize and lal nts, have under Ihe benign p olectioii f rqual laws, and wiih a eacied regird 10 inherent and ndefessihle qu d rihh tcuied lo all, infused into the gieat de pnrlments of businesi in Ihe Stale, sgri- viltural, comjr.eicia', mini ig, munnfac luring and mechanical, dt giee of t-nt-r- uv, enterpnz rnl healih, which hav rarried us onwaM in p" sjifruy, civiii- 1 zitinn and refinpinf nt. Tlip 1 eonle whi have thus, undei Prnvideiie, been the instrument f psibli.-tiing ntir greatnefs who hav enjoyed tl eir rmhts in cmn mon with tlur Mln v citizens, who have thriven under iIip observance of Ihe decKra'inn of iiftht; and have been a blesmu to iliemsrlvs and lo (hecountiv ttesn au the meri'onous rr.en of the Commonwealih, and thej ire elevated far above Ihfl desire to add 0 their gain, or lo sek for security g tins', contingencies, by a-king for s;ec si privileges, -Relying ,l1" themselves as freemen 1 ughi, they cleared our na tive forests, built the hg cahin nd the homely shed, wl.ich have now given place lo abodes of confort and conveni nce; the precarious rmp, growing a- midst deadenid limber trees, and a latched from th hi'-U Indian, ie inst in the teuPial and peaceful Cnl'i uuiir.n i.f il e sort!., iha' fa'U ihe land with plenty. Tne sp ning wheel, be hinrl w !i h Ihe fiinril hfueile was wont to ply her venii g ran , is hushed ty the whiil cf million of spindles, prepelled by :he power t S'eam in ihe manufactory The dependent traffic with England, is exchanged for an en enlarged and profitable commerce with Iff. WEBB, EDITOR AM PROPRIETOR. once lurnished only s limited supply of sealtered neonle, now ninister in profusislon 10 Ihe wants convenience snd comforl of a large pop ilation. The bowels of Ihe earth hive een exploied, and its mineral treasn s brought out and appropriated foi purposes of general good. ' V?on ih mall and objure furnsnce and tilUnn nammer, ire sup fedtd by the full nid extensive r ill ng mills, by which our limitles mioes of iionore sre con veiled, in all po-sible vr eiies, toil ise of mar. Thoae are aihi vements under the Constitution, and sustained 'iy its ptincij les, and 1 rannol believe lhal it is eiiher ihe policy, Ihe intered or Ihe righl of the government, to ex change such olid foundations of tru r aines9, for a new sysiern of specia p iviliges, repugnant lo the principle ol the government, and, in my npmioi 10 Ihe sentiments of tie freemen ofPenn ylvania. The in'roductioo of a chss of op1 Ti ers, clothed with exclusive privilgts, In me ap ears lo be, not only contrary i be spirit and meaning of the constitu tion, but il promises no advantage eith er lo Ihe public or to individual. This is proved by Ihe result of all attempts hat have hitherto been made in Ihis Half, lo benefit public or priva'e inl.r at by means ol copotationg.for purposr viihiii Ihe compjsj ol mdividuit ompas and enter prize. All that legislative grants rouM do.seeuts 10 have been done lo animate incorporated Coal companies wim (he ability 10 develop diis invaluable mineral. Tliirty-fire com panics have been incorporate, n idi an ag gregate capital of inure than eight mill ion? il'dollaii, and with authority to hold eighty-five ihouaand acres of coal landt When aielhey? What have ihey doni? The; re useless, because of their organic inade quacy lo accomplish the purposes lor which ihey were created. Individual enterprise, capital aud energy. sanctioned and invigorated b) die spirit and meaning ol the Constitution, hava seiz c pon and perfnimed the woik with rrsisi- luss power. And Ihope pretty ari.Ucial en - iiions have shrunk from eompe liuon wild he natural and vigorous ex nions nf ihe icnple, made without the aid, and, in some legree, in dtfnneo of legislative enacl neiin. Lending money has been conducted in his State by incorporaied banks, perhaps will) more success than has attended any ilier attempt lo rarry on business, by con- fering special privileges. And yet ihe ag gregate losses and injuries which have been inflicted upon ihe people by ihe pspei sys tem, of which lliey h;ive been the prolific fource, ate budly rninpenSatcd by all the advantages they have conferied. The fes tering sores lhal were cieated upon ihe bml- y politic, under the banking act of 182', 1 ml the flood of vice, gambling, an I fraud which il spread over the land, had barely been slaved and controlled, when ihe Bank of the United Slates commenced and carri ed out its work of desolation unsettlinr the foundations of proper'y, strippinj the v'ntuoua of their honesl acquisitions, and robbing the widows and ihe fatherless ol iheir means nf subsisience. The iope h now entertained, lhal by limiting ihe a innunl nf banking capital, and by the intro- luciion of wholesome restrictions, ihe ad- vHiitsges lo be deiived from ihe system may be secured, without being exposed In ihe danger nf ihoae excesses which havi heretofore been so destructive. Bui, should the powsr to regulate and oonlr ihe hank fail, who lhal values honesty, and truth, virus and religion, would not infinitely pre far ihe old fashioned, simple and frugii mode of lending money, when those wh'' were fortunate assisted their enterprising neighbors upon a safe neighborhood ssru riiy, 10 all the bentflis of the banking ays tem, purchased Sy ihe introduction of so much fiaud. profligacy, oppression and dis grace Il follows from this review, that oor hia lory proves conclusively that individual en , r-,; -rTiT- -ilr--r,rr, T .erprjse, in all the great departments of bu liuess, has been Ye lenefiuial and success- ful, ss corporate operations have been loo freqnently useless and ruinous. I5ut il is sometimes argued that by cor- poraie privileges men of ma. I means may enj gaje in large business, by aggregating sir capita! and by this legal device a 'man their 1 having one hundred, five hundred or a thou sand dollars, may become a coal operatoi a banker or an iron-muster. Ihe thousands of our citizens w!n have lost their money by becoming shareholder in corporations demonstrate the dWney and folly of this argument. Small sharehoM ar in corporations are the mere instrument of the wealthy proprietors, ihey have m effective view in ihe management of affaire hey are powerless helpless and dependen A few large share holders manage the in stitution and direct il for evil or for good and thus instead of diffusing the benefits ol 4 profitable business, and limiting the pow er and influence of individual wealth, ihis power end infltionce are greatly increased Die principal shareholders nol only man i9 their ovn money, but they woik will he augmented power, derived fro Ihe means of ibe'.r neighbors. The bill be for me provides that ihe company may go inn opeiation when Cf y thousand dollars of th lock are paid in. A few principal share holders, who own Iwen'y-six thousani dollars of the slock may as each share ir niitled to or.e vote t ssume the direction md those who have paid in the remainiif twenty-four thousand dollars must patient ly submit, Thus one or perhaps two ov three men, with a capital of lwer.ty-ai thousand dollars, secure the control of fift; thousand dollars, and the power whicl wealth always confers i mulliplied nol b) die natur d course of ibings but by loga ri r rivar.cra and the very argument bv which those special privileges are attempl ed lo be sustained is found upon examina tion 10 be adverse lo the end fer which il it advanced. This bill contains nne extraordinary fea ture. liy Ibe seventh section 11 is proviu d the stockholders shall be individually li ble when ihe cerporation is insolvent nm o pay all their just debls bill only dies. 1 1 1 e in an enumerated claae of creditor; hile the claims of others are excluded fron le benefits of this aecurity. The prefer ence thus given limits the liubiliiy nol d the honesty and merit of (he claim hut U the profession or business of ihe claimant, md intrndine" rule ol moral olligilinn sr novel in its terms and unreasonable in it' pplication, as lo find no sanction in thr plain principles of common justice. Be sides, this section presents a sin ng temp tation lo ihe managrrs of a failing corpora lien, 10 apply ihe funds they can command to the payment nf ihoss creditors who hae claims by the law, upon ihe individual estates of the 01 kl.oldcrfi and lo throw the loss upon lliose creditors from whom this secunty is withheld. This provision Idamcnitiales the inconsistency and injus tice which are inseparably connected with every deviation from tho plain snd natural principles of right, lhal hold every mai lia ble lo pay all his honesl debts, and have t'ti salutary effect of checking extravagance w' aking men careful and cautious in Iheu enterprises and business operations. I have already advertsd to achievements of individual enterprise, which is mosi itrong'y illjstrated by ihe extensive and successful manufacture of Iron thongbou' he Stats. By granting special privilege to some, great injustice is done lo tithere engaged in carrying on ihe same busioess Upon ihis sotjccl, I remarked in ihe mes sage upon the hancasier Manufacturing Company, in 1843, 'aggregate corporate wealth, employed in any branch nf industry which has already enghged Ihe enterprise md capital of individuals either is or is not, nors advantageous and profitable than in lividtial investments devoted lo iho same; object, K ins nol more profitable, there ,-an be no reason founded in State policy which will aanciinn its adoption. If it is more piofitablu, then ii is made so by spe cial privileges, conferred by the government .in qorrn anil denied to others, a rtrinciole which Cutis no sanction in ihe uuiversaljbe, the system often seeais to ibe Btsdied TiTrTTHnTBITri Jilil yi ilinrilTliTiiiIllliTTi - opinion of die people of h:s Stale.'' and' repugnant lo the fuhdameatal law.' ' And again 'Is this proposed change sos'i'medl 'I 'bis tb ncaieat oad te Coikl' Is it to by ihe allegation ihst the ' great tiuaiiufaep'ol'l''Ju f going?' 'Yes, but my quss. (ui ing establishments al Philadelphia Puis- burgh, and throughout ihe State aegan and condncled at ihey have'been by Jtrfdividuat mean and skill, have failed in areomplisk- ing the purposes for which lliey were erec ted, or lhal they are languishing lor ihe want of corporate animation? The entire aspect of the State negatives the idea.' Why should one company or association be piivileged to place only a portion of the estates of the partners, in a position to be Mil'jeci to ihe contingencies of the buir.es and in case of misfortune fall back upon thl enjoyment of their protected means and hold Iheir creditors at defiance, whi.e all the rest honestly apply all iheir property lo merit the just demands of their creditors? Every aspect of this bill, presents 10 my mind insuperable objections to the adoption of its provisions, and strengthens my con viction, that by the exclusion of corpora'e privilege, and by a strict adherence to the tound old fashioned principles by which the rewaid of industry is secured, and eve ry man ia compelled, if he is able, lo pay all us honest debls, are among the best means if promoting individual happiness and ,rn.pcrily and of advancing the general elfare. Upon a teview of the whole subject, am convinced, lhal irrespective of ohjp ions 10 details, the granting of exclusive nriviledees 10 some, for purposes within he I'ompass of individual enterprise is re- mgnanl 10 the spirit and meaning of the Consti'.ution of the Stale lo the sentiments f the people, and lo the genius of our in Mttutions. W these objections,.! have , directed he bill to be returned to ihe Senate, where I originated. FR'S R. SHUNK. Executive. Ciiamukr. Harrhburg, Ftf. J, 1847. Good and Bd Luck M mny here, s well as any wber", impart the secie lgood and bud luck. Tnere aie met vho snpposiug Providence to have at niplncable spite ssingt ihem, bemoan n poverty cf a wretched old age the nisforlunes of ihe ir lives. Lurk forcv art Bgainsl ihem and for otVrs. One with a good'ptolesiion, lost his luck in in the river, wheie he idled away Mi me a fining,'vhen he should luve beei al his r flicc. Another with a good trade burnt up his lack by his l.ol temper, which p-ovoked his employed !o leavt im. Another with a lucia'ive bu"inea 0at his luck by amazing diligence .1 verything but his business. Anothu who steadily followed his trade, as tead ly followed h's hot 1 le. Another, whi was honesl & constant al his work, erred oy perpetual misju lgments he Isfk'd liscietton. Ilondreus lose their lu K by endoising, bj ssnguine spe culationt; bv iilis'ing fraudulent men; and by dis honest guns. A man never has goo I luck who has s bid wife. I never knew an esr'y rising, hard wo'king, prudent man, careful of h'S earnings, and s ric I . in,i M, who compla ned of had luck. A jood chateoWr, good habits and iron in tU'i'ry are i" p ginble lo ihe assaul's ot .11 the ill luck tha, fools ever tlr am-d .f. Hot when I see a tails idemalion, creeping oul of a grocery late in the after noon, with hand stuck into his pockets,the rim of his hal turned on, snd the crown knocked in, I know he hss had bad luck, lor the worst of all lurk is to be a sluggaid, s knave or a tippler.. Becir. U.' 1!,.-., .'J Jin Irish Answer It may seem mat ler of no exuaordinary difficulty 10 give a plain answer to a plain queaiion. and yet v is an act which il evidently requires mud t ouble lo Inarn In all nan civiuzeo na lions, the inquirer for ihe mosl simple thing is mei by at: enigma for an answer; and, a mong ihe peasantry ofSeoltland ant'Ireland civilized as the general communities may t.ltiiiulieur 43 is evasion. Tbis dialogue is the mode cf ihnusanu's In Ibe sisr isle tion is ss lo the cti road- 'Why, thie road ii as pear as that oij the other aide 0? - the hill, foi neith-T of them is any toad at ' all.' Then which war oushi I ia ro?' 'Oft 4 " w hal depends on your honor's own liking. Perhaps yon wouldn't like to go back gain?' Certainly not. Bui. one word for. all. my good fellow; do you know anything about any kind of a road here?' There nowj-if your honor had asked tbsl before i could have tota you al once,' Uul with it then.' hy truth is your honor ibat I am t nger in these parte and the best thing ihat you can do is to stop till somebody comes thil knews all the va;i! Stupid 1 ionndrelJ; why didjyou not say so al first Stupidl that's ill my thanks. But why did not your honor ask me if I bi '0 ged to tho place? lhal would have settled the business Take a fools advice and strip where you are. PRETTY GOOD.. Who is the author of ihe following we - kno no. Il was found in an old news paper lhal looked ss if it was piintoj when Adam was a boy. Sambo was a slave to a mister who was. c institutionally addicted to lying. S mbo being strongly devoled to bis master, had by dint of long practice, made himself in . , Pat'ept in giving plausibility to h i master' .largest stories. One day when the master was entertain ing company in his eus'omary manner a- mong other marvelous facis he relaied an incident which took place in one of hia hunting excursions. '1 fired at s buck,' eaid he, 'at one hun dred yards distance, and the ball passed through his left hind foot and , through his head; just back of h'rs ear.' This evidently producing some lilt,Iff doubl in the minds of his guests, lie tailed upon bambo to corroborate him 'Yes, raaesa,' said the almost confounded slave, after a moment's heailatior, me sie . de ball hit 'im. Jes as rro'sa lif up de Jim lo he eye, da buck I if up him loot to . cratch him ear, an' maasa's ball go clear .l.rough hira fool an' head al de same ; timr,' The gn.'sls were perfectly satisfied with Sambo's explanation, and swallowed Ihe , whole without further hesitation, but when, lis guests were gone, Sambo ventured upon t his master's good humor so far as lo re monstiate. 'Por mighty sake, massa, when you tell a nudder sich s big lie don't put 'em so far . apart, me had deblish bard work for get urn logathur,' JEFFKBSON. Mr. Jefferson was beyond the ordinary . iimensions, being upwards ol six feel two r inches in heighl ihm, but well formed, ereel in his carriage, and imposing in his appear- aie, Ilia complexiou was fair, his hair, originally red, became white and silvery in old age, his eyes were light blue, spaiknng with irite'igen e and bearai g wit 1 philau- i iimt t hia nndA ivua luran hiii fir'ii.M(t . iiiujini ..www " " - ' - . ' - and his whole countenance indicated great sensibility and profound thought. His manners were simple and polished, yet dig nified, and all who approa"hed hi.n were rendered petfec'.Iy ateaae, both bv his rs- lublican habits and his genuine p diteiirf's. His disposition being ciieeiful, hi cunver- stiioti was lively aud enthusiastic, remaik . ible for the purity of hi t i,!.q'ih! 1 it i:ot nd the correctness of his ihri.iiligy. He lialiKed form an'l parade, and his diees was remaikably plain, and often slovenly. Be- oefolence and liberality were prominent traits of his disposition. To his slavra he was an indulgent master. As a lu-ighbor, b? was much esteemed for sis liberality and Irien'tly offices. J3 a friend he was ar- . dent unchangeable' and as a host, ihe mn rifii encs of hospitality was carried to th excess of self impoverishment. He pos sessed great fortitude nf mind, and his com maud of temper waa such lhal he was tiev er ee3ti in a passion. As a man ol tellers, and a votary 01 sci rnce, he acquired high distinction. In Ibe classics, and in several European language g as well as mathematics be attained a pro fficieney not common to American students, Sam(m' tnaiwaU -
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