f
4wpF fj! f
-i-a
I have wortnipcir tho Alter of od, eternal hostility t every furm ef Tyranny ever the Mlnrt of Man.'-.Thomaii Jcrforaon
IF. WEBB, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
Volume
grrwiT73Tr!
X.
IHJUHlSDUItG, COLUiUIlIA C'OtXTV, IA. SATURDAY, XOVtiJIIJUK 21, I81G.
uiiil)cr 31
TriaTnTiT SMSrSjEag-Iaw!
OFFICE OF THE DEMOCRAT.
South sidk of Main, a fkw doors bl
LOW M ARKST-STRKKT,
n cor. umdia democrat wiu it
published every Saturday morning, tit
TU'O DOLLARS per annum payabh
h uf yearly ifi advance, or Tiro Dollar
rHftu Cents, ifnot paid within the year
So subscription will be taken for a shorln
period than nx months! nor any discon
tinuance perinitted,until all arrearage
are discharged.
d D VER TI8EMEXS not exceedin g a
square will be conspicuously inserted al
One Dollar for the Jirsl thru insertions
and Twent'u-ftve cents for everii subse
uuent nsertion. IC7V liberal discouv
ma le to those who aivrrtiae by the year
LETTERS addressed on business, mutt
be post paid.
From the Frederick Exauiimr.
TUE YANKEE PEDLAR,
BY FRED MAV&AM),
In the fall of IS , on my way from
New Voi k lo Washington, I stopped
for a couple of days in the pleasant city
d New IJrunswick On the afternoon ol
my an i vat, six or eight of iho towns
me.i vvtie congregated in the While
Hall Hotel, discussing the character and
animadverting upon the habits of one ol
the citiz-ns,, iM. D ,who waejnoto-
rious for his cunning al a bat gain and
close fixedness in money mailers. As
the convention was carried on in
i pretty loud key, I may ss well let the
actors speaks fur ihemseF ve?:
'Close, did you nay,' maiked one,
why yuu might as well iry lo fih a
dollar out i f the ocean, at get fairnes
out cf him in a b .rain.'
A pei feci skinflint' uttered a little,
(1 iataiirfied looking fellow. '1 knew
him when he was'nt woilh a dullar, snd
mw he counts thousands where I l'o
hundred; and all made by note shav
ing and taking advantage of the necessi
ties of others. Old li.t' a sharpeil'
Tiue,' said another, 'he's the keen
est fellow I ever knew. Look how he
did Smith in the House and Lot busi
nessand Smith's not slow at a bargain
either. A man should ne early lo
liade with Smith, 1 can tell you!'
'Tlitr's no mistake about D s, be
ing a sharped' added a third.
'I ft) would out yaukee yankeedoin, &
rot half try,' put in a plethoric individ
ul, who seemed dtlei minid lo ad J his
testimony.
'1 would give ten dollars to have him
liandsomeiy laken in,' said oue of the
pa i ty.
'So would I,' if plied two or three.
During this conversation, 1 had ob
seivedan individual with a strongly
maiked yankte face, who was playing
strict attention to the goeaKers. lie was
B tin pedlar, and had lime wagons load
with tin lanitrf.lheu in the tavern yard.
When they bi gwi to talk of giving mon
ey to have their neighbor nut wilted, he
si use, and puling oq theyatikea pretty
at,ongly said:
uentlemen, 1 don't now that ert
individual about whom you are speak
jng bay Idun'i know him -but if you'
tea mind lo subscribe a Utile grain oi
something just to pay iheventur' like
why 1 would'ut mind il. 1 calculate n
niighi be done. I've hearn on such
people afore, and I don't know bul what
might be to fetch him. I'm mostly
in the tradin' line, andits all in the way
of trade with me I say ill all in iht
w ay of trade.
Just the dandy ; gentlemen exclaim
e il one ol the parly, 'this is the tickei
for soup.'
'Vou'ie in the trading line, are you?
enquired another.
Vu; geniU mec trading's my oc'cu-
pition. I'm clean Ironi Hmgor, way
ilonn in tu the Slate of Main. I csi
lo a little of most anything; In lb
'U'umcr I slay in hum and help the h
folk-, in the fall and winter 1 peddl
in ware mosily lanterns'
You don'i tell lanlffu.-f' said Ih
p'elhone citizens, inquiring.
'Til like tu know i( I hainl tol ihrt
hundred of litem in my wagon
yarn
'
'Oh! you have, el ? Well you'ie tin
very man we want.'
'Ve es,' said the yankee.
'We w ll maks up a purse of twenty
dollais lor yi u, if you will btmboodli
ur friend D s.'
I should'nt wonder if 1 could gir.k.
trade with him.'
'When will you do it?'
'1 Calculate it cin be done tomorrow.'
'Very well if you succeed, the mou
ey is j our a.
Sji lain suit?' said the yannee.
The twenty dollars were immediately
collected and given lo the landloid a.
an earnest of their seriousness, and th
parly broke np to meet Ihe next evening
On ihe following morning, our Yanke
trquaintance, who was a shre wd, Intel-
genl fellow, put on a genteel sui, ami
ificr having made a good many in qui
les respecting ine naons, mjoneis p-1
. . t I a
lieaisnce and testdence ul Mr. li i
nountetl a hoise and took a r;;uudabou
ourse for his houe, with the intentio'
of stopping there on hiii leluin, as if j'-i-t
Pniladel) hia. As 'ool lutk wou'i
have it, old D was standing in hi
lonl door as the Yankee approached.
Sir,' said the latter, '.vi'l jlu b
iood enough io inform me how f.r I
imfiem .New Bunf n iikr'j
Two n.iles, ir,' replied I) a.
'And how far is lo New York?'
Aoul forty miles, 1 suppose by
lage.'
Are there any tin smith in New,
3iunswick continued Ihe Yankee.
'Vhyt yes, ihere ie two or ihiei
mall iiflaim.'
'I am soiry Ihry oie small Iiva ii
hope of being able lo fil an oi der whicl
our house haa received for lanterns.'
'Liniern?' sain the old fellow quick
ly eagerly taking Ihe bait, lor he har
een Ihe three wi-gons loaded with ihtti
only the day btlufe.
Yes,' added the other faieless, 'w-
have a heavy older, and I ws loh! tli
ihe article could be had in New liiuns
wick.'
'You are from Philadelphia, ihoi?'
'Yss do business there. You havi
probably heanl of our fiim llopi,C. Or
Sge Daunelly, 4' Co.?
1 can't say that I've heard of thai firm
hut there apneais tu be good many ol
ou?
Uh,' yes it's a large i t-e.'
' lew many lanu i ns du you wan ?'
enquired Ihe old D.
Three hundred will do,'
What do yon py a hundred?'
The Yankee s'aled the sum cunsiiUr
ably above the maikiable value of the
irliele.
Doyou wish them deliveroJ in Phil
delphia.'
'.No, 1 wiil attend lo thai.'
'Add another duller a hundud, and I
will furnish itum for yuu,' snl tin
grtedy shorper.
Agreed,' replied the Y-mkee, 'iuh
when can you piccuie th n?
In two days.'
All right. I rnuit go on some tei
miles further and 1 will pay you lo
hem on my leturn.'
Alter some oilier ronversilion abou
ihe siz", make, and quality ol the am
ele, ol which served to inipu ss old D s
with the legitimacy of the transaction,
the Yankee returned lo town, put oi
, his old cloihet atd o;heiwi altered
his appearance, so that he was fully pre -
;ured lo superintend ihe sale of his own
anterns when old skin fl rit si rived. Ii
'nit line D s leached ihe lavern,
nd alter much screwing and jewing
he bafgin was struck money paid
luwn, and Ihe tin ware delivered.
A bioad giinof satikfaction might
lave been observed all Hit time in 1 1. e
aces ol some six or eight bystanders,
iul nothing was said. The Yankee
nt a full piice for his Imilerns, puck
-led his twenty dollars, and that uigh
Parted homtwaid.
Old 1) a waited all the next day,
nd the f illowiog one, and two moir,
iul the IYiiLdelpliia Merchant cam'
lot. Al length the lanTrnn begin k
i,'row fateful in the old man's sight, am
ind With a dozen round oaths, itfi-ctei
eveiely on the Mercantile community
n general the tin ware was ordered t
ie pill in Ihe girirst. The j-ki go
vi ml, and soon every body in ih lowt
knew of it, and fiom lhaldsy fofih the
niser wa known hy the cognomen o
0! il l.anlern.' Many years aflerwanh-
he old man died, rnd t5ie handbill tha '
npounced the sale of h'S ifTecta contain
ed the following nota Lena: 'Also, at
the same lime and place three liundtd
lanterns, almost as good as new . al a
1 t v i n.
WHOM DO YOU LOVE BKfiT.
One afieinnnn. a young child was plav.
ng in the garden with its patents. Af.ei
'amboling ia innorenl sports a long time,
they all sat down upon the gifts; the njolh--t
gave ihe boy a beautiful peach, and s
,iiece ol tread: the f.nlier tol l him a beauti
ul lor t and the child was hxppy. It, iht
miilsi of this inirresiiii' family siene,
inend paratr.g by Hsked of him.
My little boy, nthich do yuu love best,
(i i pa or mama?'
The question seemed in puzz'e ihe ihih
or he stopped eating, and dropped the li.nn;
which was conveying the food lo hia moult
iul did noi reply,
Anawer me, my r!esr ohild,' said the
'riend, 'whom do you prefer, your father oi
vntir mother!'
'i'he child, as much pe rplex.d a ever
nirned his eyes towards his father, and t), i .
owsrds his mother, as if io ask them to
lelp him out nf hia difficulty, The thing
as hard for tliciu to decide, for tho' eac!
4-iklied In be well lovei) each was loo jus:
iii ue w illing in receive me ireiBreneo. a
generous strugln arose beiwem them the
Oilier eniniR'nting lo his son all the mo
tives he had for loving his lender mother;
uid she reminding him of till the kindness
his father had bestowed upon him.
'Come, answer the gentleman,' said '.he
wiiling faiher, 'do you not best love youi
naina, nho every morning wakii you wiih
a kiss and pm to God to bliss her little
ion, and teaches you to pray tool'
The child cast a look of gi altitude to
wards her moilier, who replied.
'Yes, answer ihe gtniieiiiaii- bul fun re
member who leaehts you bow to read, em'
tells you pretty stories.'
The child s'.reiilu'd his hind to the cthfi
side the lather look it and stid.
'Now, my child, doyou not prefer yew
mother, who nurses you when you are sicl
feeds you h hen you are well, and ia a
i!ns very moiuenl kindly preparing fur youi
inurth meal?'
The child glanced al his fresh bread am
ripe peach, and his inomii w nteicd. ll
waa going to answer, when his mother m
lerruplei'.' 'Mama often scolds you, and iliat ym
know you do not like-'
The father added' 'Papa whips yo w !iei
you aie naughty, and moro than once hae
made ynu cry.'
'I'he child hung bis head, and did no
seem in eiir.h a hunv to answer.
My boy,' said tun stranger again, '1 ao
waiting for your answer; who do you love
best, father or mother,' ?'
0, it must be your dear father,' said ih
mother, 'who earns iLe bread I give you,b;,
hie labor.'
l 'No, raider your kind mother.' said the
father, 'for she depiives herself of many
ifiinjf in piease you. it was she I rial uiale
die red ball for yuu.'
h wiia faihei thai in do your bat,'
'Yes but your ruuihrr plays eveiy day
wiih you
'Your faiher lakes you out walkinp.'
'.Vother kisses you.'
'Father careases you.'
'Uul answer!' said ilie stranger.
Iie t-fi lid starii-d, railed his hen!, open
ed his srun
'Well.chilJ which doy cu love beat fah
-r or muiheil'
The child's face brijjh'ned op wiih joy;
n answer sprung from hit hem: and scari e
ihiI the iiiierfogatnr rlnished ihe qutsiioi.
when the little fellow cried out al the lop
l his vuiee, clapping his hands, I3otu
auks!'
Fruro the Ameikaa Agriculturist.
HOW TO SUSTAIN AND IMPROVE
THE QUALITY OF THE SOIL.
Ii has become an important inquiry a
nong many of our farmers, how ili-y shili
fertilize eucli of our lands es are yielding
rg burdens of produce, which are laken
off the premises for sale? Where remote
from a large eiiy, or pUces for supplying
manures, this is a mosi im.oori.ui cuerv andi
, . i . , ... '. ,
one which tbay are highly iniecsted i,i ha-l
nig answered correctly. A is absolutely
certain that farmers cannot annually mb
thr-ir fauns of lirge riops of i;rain, gtaii. &
roots, m i.hout either supplying manure to
the soil, or loaing rapidly in its fertility
IVt shall brielly indie -te some of the uum
obvious tesources fr sustaining and
improving the produeiiveness of the soil.
In ihe tiffi place, not an ounce ol animal
'nuntire should he auffi-red to be wated.
either liquid oi solid, 'hen nut dropped
mi the feeding grounds, but around the sis
Irs and yards, it should be carefully eave!
nd in'Himd up where u csiiuuf he wastci!
ill used. This should be carefully and jn
icioualy compounded wiih turf or peat ui
vegetable matter, so as to retsiu all its g isrt
K.d (lot be permiucd to drain away and a;
.-non us a proper time offer, it should bi
arried on tu the fields and at ouce iucorpr
iti.i with the soil. Another resource fur
natty of our C jstei n fanners, ia the im
ucnse nines of piM ai.d mui k that art
within their reach, and which tendi g'edy
to fencriiing h light sandy or loamy soil
All ihe animal matter ashes leached or uu
leached hould be carefi.tiy collected am'
'pplied to their land h, any other liriiluuii:
-ubj.rtin'fl which is iu be lound around the
premises or c-n be collected at not loo gieat
un expense iu the neighborhood.
tut in many case vihere the stock ol
cattle is not large and tho pruduca sold from
the laud is considerable some mote dttiiitit
arid ce-nain means for sustaining a farm
must be resorted to, With ihe most nuoU
lietil and systeiuaiko Hgriculiui.it, a proper
rutaiien is adepled which has been lound by
experience ui be ad.ipted to the lenity anu
producta. By this is meant a regular sue
rewijn of ciops on tho san.e ti :ld through a
series of years w hi-'h at iheir expirminn arc
igutn repeated. They are so arranged thai
two grain crops never follow each ml.er.bu
ire separated by root crops, grass, Ls.
rhissysien prennia the neceijiiy of Hip
4oil yielding sunilai iiigrettteuts timing!
wo or more suetetdve seasons, tvhic.li i
vdi eelJnm do to an rxleiilMitfieient lu pro
luce a good second crop. Tune is requir.
-d for it to decompose such of the ingreJi
nts which il ron taint, as are necessary u
otn. what are called the in o gaiiic portionp
if the plant, in such conditions to be taken
ip and appiopiiated by the pi int. A also
enables the cultiaiir to apply his green oi
liutresceut manures to such crops as are
uost properly adapied lo leceive them
Sueh are corn and roots, and n-arlv all the
ihjeeta uf cultivation excepting the smaller
grains.
The gteal object of rotaiion.'howtver,
n give the laird rest as it is termed, when
allowed to remain in gnss or meadow-; c
refreshment when cluver or other fertilizing
toy are plowed into the soil for manure
Such crops carry ba:k to the soil so muih,
f its ui'.uula u they iiva utsa U,
and in addiiion; important elements wbioh
they have abstracted from the aimo-phere,
nd they are funnd by Ion, nr.eiice. to be
.'fireaibenefiun.us.a.n.ngthefer.ili.y of 'UtlJ0'"ed m'nU'B Ul'cr,PUon 01 W "
iheaoil. Before pfi, on lo a consider. mUS C'M'e: the termination of the
-lion connected wiih this p-nkuUr point in War w"h S''ain ,f,er ,he mieuble ,e
'be subject, d the higheai importance, wi,ni,il" of ,h,!ir ?"ris0'1 nsJ bten ,ent
ould say, thai a large share ol ihe benefit off 10 U.vms, I ent with two compati-
to tho land dorivsble from this nriii e. mv
Ki. .!!'
i
r .ccureu uy leeumg Hie clover to aui h
amrii.ls us will cousunie it on ihe ground.
We say t part only, for rr.l the fond which
ijoea io supply the respiraiion ol the immal
t hith is du ineonsidenbJe share, passes ofl
gnu into ihe on, and is lost. Another pat'
is stowed up iu the augmented si2 of iht
animal, (or it is certain that whatever weight
it acquire while feeding is at the expense
A ilie scil. Ifiutlch cows are pastured, tin
ihstrattion of valuable ingredients is slili
raaiei,as it has been found that pastuies fee
IT for a long lime by cows, have been rob
bed of large amounts of phosphate of lime,;
and other impoitmt matter. If horses are
thus fed and taken un to ihe roads or else,
wheie tu wotk, it is evident that large quaii
wue$ of this manure will thai bd Ion tu the
fields supplying ibe loud.
Uheep are undoubtedly the best atlapteC
to ihe object we have in view, They re-
joiiiii stationery in the same fields when
. . . , . ....
vhey leed, and return to them all ihey h
. . . .
avi
taken, save what escapes by respiration, e
vaporation, or is stoied up by the wool or
i areass. They also dfop their manure on
he highest and driest parts of the ground
wlieieui moie beneficial ihaa elsewhere,
dii l we would most earnestly reaommemi
he introduction of sheep husbandry on a
more or !ess extended scale, to any firuiei
who premises the system of turning in croj e
for manure. The necessity of carrying
.hem through the, winter, will still funhei
provide the materials for fertilizing, by sc.
cumulating a store uf manure from thi
source, tvli.ch without ihe sheep or a ful
q t i v u I e n i in other nock, would uot be iliu
secured,
Biit to recur to the subjfet of turnirg ii
4ieen crops, li is evident al a single glsiie
hat this system does not accomplish si
t.ial is necessary in sustaining the full mea
sure of fertility of land eulji'd io cluS'
trapping. In a rolsiion consisting uf cln.ti
uid lies', simply, we fi.id that the whea'
tbitranls large amounts of phosphate o
lime potash, gypeum, 8ti, etc. iin . whie!
( nothing be added to the soil, except tl.i
lovtr crop, will in a few years reduce en
ordinary soil to so low a point, that it can-
tot yielU piofl able leiuius, - Inl taj
eoniiniie to y ield lor a long liuifibtit it is ev
dent that it is losing properties at even
successive harvest, which must be supplied
io it, or it will eventually bo exhausted.
'I'he true and only remedy for this, is, in
isr.criain hy analysis, either ol your own oi
the well established researches of others.
prmiiely wtut of ihe inorganic material,
-uuh as are inherent in the ami, and not
found lo any appreciable ixlint iu the at
mospliete, sre taken from the land by crop
ping or feeding, and nul returned io it by
tira manure or i-ffa! of any kiud and re
iuri: thote materials io the laud in such a
raitable shnpe a will enable fulurs (tops le
upply themselves with ail ihey require.
1'iiii ii indiapei ajhle io a succession o1
-mi i ropa and fenibtj sud no farmer i
id -aho iicg:eris this practice lot a ainglt
sear howevrr seemingly well tits adoptei!
ytieui may anvter which does not ejt-
uace tha foregoing practice
X'jble Example Go. Bggs, of V.i
sarhusetts in dtdicuing a Normal Srhoul,
said he could remembe' the cse ol poor
hoc who sat upon ihe h .rJ rlank seal in
oneol mass sciioois wniio ins minor was,,,., ...... Ihan . r.iun,
toiling at ihe a.ivi) for bread who b H.c,.eJfUlaUd 10 atrike terror into .he
smiles of fortuue nnd the confidence of the: , . ,
, . IP , . f,,.ii.d. But one may imagine how very
oeotile was elected Chief Jiiie'.rate of that ,
' ., . aimrv the subule archi'et l of thia fornn-
State and was now addressing ihe meeting. i J
... .ii ,i ".'dble caslle would have been cou'd r,e
This is a practical demonstration which ia ul"e
,. ,, have seen his txcdlltnt arrangementa
worth a orid of thsones. . .
thp eafe and nearly Certain dt. ruction
Coming and g,ing. tUt ship Fairfield of r ailants thus rendered aborlive.
from Liverpool, with 233 steerage p.ssen- 'We now defended a very wide and
ffers, had four births and five deaths ou
"
beard during tbe voyage
SAN JUAN D'ULLOA.
fV' T
over the caslle of San Jusn D'Ullos.
It ia a tremendous piece if at all well
manned. No wonder it held out so loi'f.
llnd it no; been for the raging of th
yellow fever wiihin i's waits end the
want of provisions, the Mexicans would
isvi r have taken it without a naval
force veiy supeiior to the one they then
possessed, though they never since bad
toy loice conpareable to that one.
The outer wllsofthe foitresi aie of
if imeose thickness upwards of twelve
feei; and io the positions most ex. osed,
he walls sre seventeen or eig'heen in
leptli of 8;!id white slone. It is
very po:ous and laihtrsofi none, o
that balls do not split or crsck il set
much as they quietly embed ihennekts
The outer walli hare batteries all round
he guns sre well plan'ed, w'nh hers
uid there a rest comer for a cnoitai .Tra
mm r vvjUj sre so constructed, that i
he outer walla a:e gained, it would s i'l
Oe al a slaughterous expense to besie
aer, if the gurison were at all conipe
tent iu avail tf.uisl?ea of their posi-
ion.
We entered ilie fortress from below
it (he principal gale, which w..sol great
iieiigh, anJ veiy skilfully comnvedr
nnd Iheo went along a stone passsg,
which had several gateways, and 'tun
lingly deviseu' narrow pisses, with
na;h stone walls on eacn side, This wag
iy s canal, or moai, with a disw biidge
iver i'. We next arrived si fl ga uf
iair, aud pas'iing up several vault like
scents, we giined the lop of the grand
isnirits. The general characlei istic is
Iul of great strength, and plenty of
oom lo woik in. Tney mounted 120
ong li pounders, all of brass. Tney
ete, fur the most p-r, in excell ni
jondiiion. The mor'ers were of largo
alibre, though itol in such Rood ordet
., die guns. The powder rmg'Ztnes
.vereeich literally a dry stone well,
jingled at the top with-blanke'S, and
laving a round metal ltd over the
nnutli thai opened upon the battiries.
We nut descended to the inner
woik, and giii.td the s condory wslla
hy a circuitous route. 13 sides the ne
:essily lo tne besiegers of havingguidet
vho well knew every turn ol the woika
he excitemf nt and smoke are almoi
eeitiin lo prodoce confuiion, in which
he voice or presence of the guides,
would be los and the puly dashing.
inward might only arrive l a dead wall
a gjp looking out upon the se, or lh
ni-iuth of a 84 ponnner. the ntxi cir
euiious route of our decceiit fiom the
upper lo Ihe lower walls was entirely
o their batteries, the guns g inning at
ui all t',e way, like so many bUck tUf.ks
..s we tisveisul sIoiih causeways and
iarrow psssees. Whole regiments
might here I e r ked dt wn, after they
had conquoted the outer wIU. IJot
he 'chances of wai' ere numerous; and
ue impel fection in the greatest power
(if vtliMwiae )etfecl) may render it in.
ipplicable, and peihaps ndieulous. On
irrivir'H at (heir inner ba tene", we
Ifoniul ihe euns in a wretched condition
i "
ateep B gh- ol stone stairs wl.icli let;
I , : . .i . I ........
auwu into lite grauu casue piuaioj ui
i