-lW . . J
I jlftv- BWWn uprni the Alter f ftoA, etonial buWrty to every form C Tyranny over tUs Mini of Mail." Thorn Juffuraou
--4
If. WEBB, EDITOR AND PI20PB5IETOR.
IlL003ISKUU(i, COLUMHIA COLNTY, PA. SATUIIDAY. APKIL 125, 1810.
Volume X.
.'Viunlici' 2 ,
Yl 31 ixiMnf mm fPir ;f3f if
UtHUUt liuun.w
3FFICE
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be post paid
A REMINISCENCE OF THE REVO
LUTION. The following fads and incidents respect
ing a noted Tory of the Revolution, whos
name is yet nentioned in many a legend 01
adventure of that memorable struggle, ore
for the first time, nc belierc, collected ami
piesented to the public. They are inter
esting in themselves, and valuable as the)
present a picture of the state of things that
existed in portions of the country, when to
the dread of the British Arms, and the a
larms o( the Indian outrage, were combind
the stealthy, midnight atucks of Tory mi.
raudcrs, producing feelings of constant ap
prehension and alarm among the inhabi
tants. Claudius Smith, though a native ol
Biookhaven. L. 1. resided with his family
at a place called Smith's place, in Orange
county, filled and was known us the avow
ed advocate of immortality and crime; f
cnure of life which led in the most disas
irous consequences, as will be related.
At the opening ol Hie revolution, Clamli
us, with a pmty of associates, men of dar
ing and desperate character, espoused the
cause ol tlx; enemy, and by their frequeti'
dcprodatiotiH upon the inhabitants o! Orange
countv, filled that region with dread am'
apprehension They had frequent inter
course with the British at N. Y, and often
slier a night attack upon a defenceless
neighborhood, pillaging the houses of the
farmers, they would lepair to the city will
their booty, and spend a season in merri
ment aud debauchery.
Claudius Smith was leader of the gang
a man of large slatue and powerful nerve,-
of keen penetration; a man upon whom na
lure had bestowed abilities wort.iy lo je
exerted in a belter cause, He conducted
his expeditions with such cautiousness, as
scarcely ever to be suspected until in the
very "execution of them; and if a sudden de
sient-was made upon them, by some boh
stroke or wily manoeuvre, be would sue
cessfully evade hip pursuers and make his
escape. The aged people of Orange rouu
ly lell many a surprising tile of this noteti
man some of which are doubtless we.
At length, in the execution of their nw
farinu plans of plunder and blond, Claodi
lis, with four of his party, some of whou
were his sans, on the 5th or Cih of Octobe
1778, approached, at about 11 o'clock
night, the house of Capl. Woodhull,
Oxford; (who was then absent on duly, and
whom it seems by their own declaration
they intended o mnrder) when they robber)
(he house of a variety of valuables.
7'hen locking Mrs. Woodhull, with he
children and negroes, in an upper room
ihfy left, and proceeded at about 12 o'clock
to the? house ol Nathaniel Strong, who be
ing in of d, they broke and entered the out
er door- broKe a pannel out of the door
oi
the inner room, where Mor Strong lodg
cd. being alarmed, entered (he room arm
ed with a pair of pistols and a gun. A
soon as he entered the romn.he was fired a
through ihe window, bill escaped unhurt
The assailants then called to him lo de
liver up his a(in?j and he should havs quar
ters, on which, selling down his gun againsi
the wall, he approached the door to open i
but as ho advanced, ihey through the bro
pannel shot him with two balls, and he ex
pired without speaking a word. Taking 2
nin..Mi nn mm! iiMinDHT
hri l nm li m d Irt Hev immediate v ie .
r. . . '
um rftiired lo trie ir Old Haunts.
'Phis new outrage filled the inhabitants
wiih resentment, and reached the ears of
the executive Gov. Clinton, on the 31st of by the British, pursuing his way home
October, who pursuant lo a motion cf the, ward from the niighborhood of the disaster,
Assembly, issued a proclamation ofl'tringjwhen he suddenly met Claudius Smith in
a reward" of $1281) for the appehens'.on of, the road. They knew each other. Judge
Claudius, and $000 for his sons Richard
and James Smith, '1 his had the effect de
sired A number of persons barded togeth
er, headed by one Titus, a powerful man
of much daring, and set out for the place oi
Smith's rendezvous; but tho latter had gone
10 y. Y. and Tims and his p?rty followed.
I'hey learned that Smith was at a certain
place on Long Island and repairing thither
n the evening found Smith al a Tory dance
Smith being apprised of their approach, es-
aped before the house could he surround-
d. He fled lo another place on the Island
in J Titus and his associates, nothing daunt
d, a;ain sought him out. They cautious
y surrounded the house, and Titus with
nhers repaired instantly, but silently, to
he chamber where Claudius was sleeping
with a brace of pistols by his side Titus
sjrasped him, and with one e(Tn jerked him
from the bed before he could seize his armi
Ie was immediately overpowered, finiiL
bound. & conveyed lo a boat, from whence
he was conduned to Ponghkeepsir, and
odgfd in thejail at that place on Thursday
November lOih. He had his trial before
lie Supreme Court, silieg at Goshen,
Orange county, on three indictments one
of which was the murder of Major Strong.
and mall he was found guilty. He conduct"
himself with fumness duiing the triv
nd when asked if he had any thing lo say
in his defence, ho replied, 'No; if God
Almighty can't change your hearts! I can-
lot.'
lie was confined in the Goshen ji l
ojiiai led aud chained to a ring in I'.e rlo'
while the jail was closely guarded by par
ties of the, inhabitants for they were ap
prehensive lhal an iiiiem'Jl would be mad
it rescue him. The order wis given u
shoot Smith if an attack upon the prisot,
was likely lo succeed in his libetatitiii. At
length ihe day appointed for his execution
Hiiuary 22- 1779, arrived, and crowd
flocked to see ihe exit ofa man whose nam'
had long spread lerrnr throughout the couu
Smith with two oilier crimnats
Gordon, convicted of horse stealing, and
De La Mar, of burglary were led forth ti
he gallows
Claudius was dressed in a suit of broad
:loth, with silver buttons, with his largt
form and manly air presented a noble ap-
iear?nce. While walking to the place of
xecution, he was observed to g;ize intent
ly towards the hills, east of the town, to see
,:s was ihoiightj if his comrades were nm
'oming lo his rescue, fur he had 'harbored
throughout, Ihe idea thai be should be pre
served by siime such interposition. Norn
appeared, however, smd he ascended the
illows with a linn step Castuip' hit
eves about, he bowed to several whom he
knew in the crowd. Alibis moment a
nan approached Claudius, and desired him
io tell him w here he should find certain val'
liable papers which he had abstracted fioni
Sis house upon a certain oc canton, ('lau-
tius replied tint that ws no place lo talk
if such lhing, and gave him no satisfac
lion. To show how perfectly hardened
this wre tched man was, it is authentically
ilated that on the gallows he kicked off his
lioes, wiih the observation that his nioih-
r had often told him that he would die like
i cooper's horse, with his shojs on. bin
hat he would make her a liar. When tin
-rarl was drawn from under, he swung lu
nd fro perfectly straight, determined as
was supposed lo evince no feeling; when
na twitched a liule. and exhibited sns of
ife uPer he had hung a long time.
Thus died a man whose abilities if right
ly directed, would have raised him to emsiar travelled without intermisaion.
inence and gieatness Notwithstanding bis
iif of infamy Claud'nn had some genr-
his qualities and it is said that ihe poor
man found him a fiiend readv to sliure both
J i
his meal and his purse, and i". is believed'
thai much of what he abstracted from tin;
wealthy he bestowed upon ihe indigent.!
rho Ulc wort'.iy Judge U., of Tliompkins
Ornngs uied to re
county wen rewrui in
i... o,i ,i. l,i.L.. if i.l,-.. .!. .onhin iho Lords of
me circuuiBianto mi u"u ......
self. Upon the morning following the in
vestment ond capture of Fort Montgomery
B. was perplexed: lo escape was i.npoasi-
ble.aud pulling on a bold front he approach
ed Claudius, who addressed him with i
friendly good Aiorning, calling Judge B. by
name and extending his hand. Alter inquir
ing the news from the river, Smith conlin
ued, 'Mr. B , you are weary with walk
ing. go to ray dwelling, yonder, f directing
to a place off the road) and ask my wife to
give you a breakfast, and tell her I sent
you.' Judge B. thanked him, seeming to
accept his efTer, and bade him good morn
ing, but when he was out of sight, he chang
ed his course towards horre. nor fell himself
s'ifn until he was a fair way on his jaur-
icy. A. h. L.
7he Jews Rev. H. A Graves, one of
the Editors of the Chrislain (Boston,) Re
flector, who is now on a visit lo St. Thorn
as, in the vvesi indies, turntsnes ine reaon
ers o! lhal paper weekly letters of the most
ihrilling interest, from the last number of
which we extract the following im;urti,i
notice of the Jews and their customs. The
irticle will be alikt interesting to Jew and
Gentile. Mr. Graves says
In litis paper, 1 beg leave lo slate, farther
a few facti, showing the surprising eleva
tion of character, the astonUhihg personal
and political influence, and the high at'.ain-
ntnts in nius:c and lileraluie, which the
Jews have acquired within the last century
ir.d now possess in the civilized world.
The improvement of the Jews in mind
ind morals i9 perceptible in all European
ountrie?;and commensurate with this is ihe
hange which has t.iktn place in t!.e public
leclimpnl ol different nations coneemns
hem. In many kingdoms the civil disahi'.
Hies nmlir winch nv 'mn tor ages neee
ipprcssed, have been recently removi d
they are treated ith rmntesy, are favnro
with the highest liierarv a nil social d",' -
lages, and elevated to offices of ti list and
honor Both the policy of nations and tin
leniiments cfc conduct of Caristain chinch
es towards their, have undergone, ami are
now undergoing a decided and important
hange. The Jews are no lonqer to be
i ii 1 1 -
regarded, merely as ignooie peuiars or o
verreaching money-jobberf'ihey have a
mong them those who occupy professor
ships in the first universities of 'Mirope:
who are members of national senates, lead
en of armies, and ministers of Slate. D Is
raeli, of ihe British I'ailiament, a man of
-xiensive learning anil commaidin influ
ence, is a Jew. And with reference to lb'
iarl now taken by Jews in the in'ellectual
md political movements of ihe world, this
eminent statesman has given us some im
pnrtanl testimony, and such as we may,
with little if any abatement, rely upon as
tine, lie tens us mat mysienoiis Kiissiat
ip!om:ie.y, which alarms Western Euiope
U organised and principally curried on by
Jews That mighty revolution, which
at this moment preparing in Germany, and
which will be, in fact, a serond and grealsr
Reformation, anil of which so little is yei
known in England, is entirely developing
under the auspices of Jews, who almoit
nonopolizs the professional chairs of Ger
many. Neander, the foundet of Spiiitual
Christianity, is a Jew. Benary. equal
Iv famous in the same university, is a Jew,
.ffewvesrs back,' save D'Israeli. wf
weie applied lo, by Russia. I resolved le
go mysell lo St. Petersburg!!. I had, on
my arrival, an interview with ihe Russian
minister of finance, Count Cancrin I be
held the son ofa Luihunian Jew. The
loan was connected with ihe affairs of Spait
I resolved on repairing io Spain from Rus
had an audience immediately on my arrivul
with the Spanish minister, Sanor Mendiza
h, I beheld one like myself the sor. cf
Nuovo Christians a Jew ol Arraeon. In
cuusequence of what transpired al jladrit
I w ent straight lo Paris to conntill the
French rounci', I beheld the son of a French
.lew, a hero, sti imperial marshal, and very
properly no, fr who should ba military he
roes if i
Hosts!'
. . -- ,
'And is SuuU a Hebrew 1'
Yes; and several of the French marshals
and the most famous Massena, for exam
pie, his real name was Manasseh. The
tonsequence uf our c oiifuliaiion was tha
some Northern power should be applied to
a Triandlv nd meditative canacitv. Wr
fixed on Prussia, and the President of the
, ,
council made an application to the Prus
sian minister, who attended a few daya kfie
our conference. Count Arnim entered the
c abiu'el, and I beheld a Prussian Jewl'
Of the hih attainments ol the Jew in
musical science, D'lsraeli
speaks
SB
lows,
1 speak not of the past, though were 1
to enter into the histoiy of the lords of mel
ody, would find it in the annals of Hebrew
genius. But at this moment even musical
Euiope is ours. There is not a company
of singers, not an orchestra in a single capi
ul, that are not crowded with out children
under ihe feigned names which ihey adopi
to conciliate ihe daik aversion which yotn
.,.;,. M,;il anma Hair dirfrljim Willi shame
and disgust. .almost every great compose)
killed musicians almost every voice that
ravishes you with its transporting strains,
spring from our tribes. The catalogue i
mn nil in ftnumerata 1'0 illustrious "
dwell fur a moment on secondary names,
however eminent Enough for us that the '&
great creative mimU to whose exquisite in
ventions all minds al this moment yield
llusimi, Meyerbeer, Mendolessohn are oi
Hebrew race; and little do your men f fash
ion your 'fuuscadini' of '.iris, ana your
dandies of London as thrill into raptures ai
tha r.olps ofa Pasta or a (irifi, little do they
suspect thai they are offering iheir homsg'
to tli o sweet singers of Israeli'
II. A. G.
From the Farmsrs Library.
awnon ROT-JAMES GOW
EN'S LETTER.
Mount Airy, D-c. 89, 1845.
Mv I)ar Sir, Your note on the sub
jec'. of 'The Polatoe Rot,' dated Satin.
lay, did not reach sl-Aloiuit r' iy outl
ay inteverneinj till mis mornnu.
Monday. It would gve me pleasure tc
hi i tie vou ftinv m this maiter, ci;u lime
. . i . :i l... .1..
permit lo go more into uetan, nui ui
In itf space allotted for reply, will com
pel me to he as concise as poseioie.
I hold that a mttMiheric tnlMence i-
the sole caus of the late prevailing roi
n ihe rio'aiocp; ihat i.etiher manwe no
condilio.i of soils could have prr.duced
he calamity, th.it atiimaleu'se and fun
;i are as lemote from it Ihe latter may
n a paiiia) manner injure a potatoi
ilant, as Ihey would, under peculiar
ipiim.lanres. be like to mime othei
iilanis, that the roi is not epidemic; am.
I hive reason to believe that found oi
partially sound potatoes, taken from
eaxrd crop or he.ip, will if planted, pro
duce healthy, sound potaloes, in Ihe nb
opnen of Hie chu-ic which iniui'ed litem
...... - - w
the previous faKon.
I would therelore encoursge lite Iir
mcrs to culiivate their potaloe as lor-
merly, choosing the soils sod applying
he manures wich hnherio were found
best adapted to their culture, forgetting
r ovei loo tma' the rot altonetner aim
lisregardintihe nostrums reaommended
for its prevention the pototoe won
lear doftlortn.
The weather which produces rot i--ithsr
a severe, continuous draught oi
oms weeks' eirndiog, thereby pre
venting the natural growth and maturi
ty of tho potalor, for the wani of mots
dire, or very hot weather, hriuginn tin
polatoe to premature ripeness, bjcccco
id by wet, sultry weather, unnaitara ly
spring like, which provoker the tubers
ioperform tha lunctions ol seed, thereby
disolving the connection beiween therr
and their vines, the vines die, the root
underio sr, incipient fermentation prep
aratory lo ilccomposilion lite operationl
of budding or crowing is checked byl
the natural tempriaiure that at length
prevails which Brresl the potaloe in il
wotk ol protlucing, anit nonce its neter
oral ion . The latter condition of' th
wealheris the prevailing cause cf tht
rot.
As to a severe and continous dr uh',
ny own experience poiuts to thai of
183S. That season, I hail a five acre
latch in with potatoes, which did nm
jay the trouble of taking them cut ul
re grou id. They were small, ill ship
d, had lasieil poisonous, spotted and
md black hearted, and rotted io the rel
jr. Potaiots thai seasons r.l I n h td ,ifc
Si 25 io l5l 50 per birrel not a bmli-
l not a bushel of good pol a!oe al mar
ket, except those inipuriml. 7nen
o dry hot weather, soiceedeil by wnt,
close, over prin like temneraturp, tin
season of 1843 in point. I took more
than common pains that year to product
i surpassing yield, efual, at leas', in my
famous crop ol the breeding yeai,
which was over 440 bushels to ihe acre
fi :ld culture. My seed was in pan
rom those line poUioes, and in pan
from some very large, tound potatoes
mporlcd from Ihe bta'e of Mexico. f)n
aking out ihe crop in Oaiobar, the
whole was found lo be very bully di.
eased. Tne weather, from the latter
jaitof June till the begining ufSepte.m
er, was mainlv ho!, occasionally very
wet and dry. September set in wiih wsim
ain, thunder sionn an I g'H'i; m
noislure and closenosi unprccodentod ;
iruil lltru lyiusBuioto . " .
lluweiinc trees and shrubs. I recollect
" . . .. II....: r a
iiihkine a iarce conecuuu u; uuwer
bm the matinolia.. 59tne ol which J
" ...
r.t to the editor of tho 'Pennsylvania
Ionuirer.' My potatoe vines looked
healthy, when all of a eudden ihey chan
nel! color, droopad anil died, l itiiuk
.f I had taken out Ihe poiaioes at ilu'
juueturo Ihey would luv j)roved corn-
jaraliuelv goodjhut ihey were permineo
o rt main quite a month aficr, when
iltey were lound badly loUed, tainted,
mil almost worthless.
Now then, as lo tho epiJemic. Io
1844,1 planted r-ome foil'- or five seres of
jo'atoes, tne. seta of wucn wtsnrmci
oalhj culled from the diseased crop of
1S13. I planted, also, at the same timr
o ths same field, ether seed of very
'ound potatoes brought from M,.ine;
hey all did equally well, I otlld dis
!Over no diffei ance; the crop was a veiy
'air one, and the q'lalily utiexcepliona
ile in every resp-el. i do nolimian by
his lo encourage the planting ol ilisenyd
r doubtful potatoes. L isfcr to plant
souod and petfect ones; but I am sinng
in the opj'i'O" '',el' ' '"'S1' '
i diseased or tainted pplaloe producing
Incased or tainted polain?. It way,
'loin its want of vitality, bj very tm
riti,rtivp. ma kes treble shuois', the
ime as decay ed potatoes from on ship
loard after a long voyage, the heat an.)
noisture of the vessel's hold ha ing
o send out enotmouis shoals, impiring
their vigor and producing rut. Such
potatoes, when planted, never produo
well as to s'Ze and qmniity; but I !nve
yet to learn that they ever produced a
diseased polaloo.
Much has been said of potatoes be
coming feeble and sickly from long an-.1
constant pUnting", theio may be come
ihinj in lhi, lima will not perm t me
io exmiino it now. I have however,nu
merous sorts of seeding produced lioir
Ihe apples of my vry fine crop of 1S13.
I shall lake occasion to present you
ivith a few lo send U somo of youi
friends abroad.
By this you will see lhal I can oflVi
no remedy or preventive fur the rot. 1I
that tempers the wind lo the shorn lamb
on only control it. Should it tegain
visit us, we can only exercise our bes
judgement by taking out the potatoes
acly as soon as ihey exhibit signs o.
lecay laying them in thin liyers in
l Iry, cool situations, or otherwise, as
'circumstances nnyjiHify. Lei the far
mers go on and plant in coufi le.nc, as
ihe r best experience may teachrustm
for an shuodant yield i thatPcovidnCc
,vho seudetri the esrly and tha latiei
rai ).
Verv repnrc'follv V"'r, &e.
J.-2.1ES COWEN
William I'tter, E-q.
Her liiannic Majesty's Consul, Phila
lelphia.
11IN7S FOR JJVIUL
There is, perhaps, no mouth io th
year which should be mote deeply in
lerrftiog to the the Am-riceu husband-
m.n. find Ihus believing, we Will p'X
cred to call the t'en'ion ol our breiir
,n m on to work to in ngbt goo.i esi-
..i. .nihni tbev may always command
tlitir own lime, and have the pleasing
alisfiiciion lo know when ihey may re.
tire lo rest at night, that they have o
miited nothing which Ihey should hive
iliended lo, and lhal their business is
no,' behind hand. With this hiief in
lodudion, wealtal proceed lo skoieli
hi oii'line of some of the things which
should be attended o.-dmerican Far
mer. Fences. If you have- not already
ivailcil yourself of our last month's ad
noiiitioi), delay no longer, but go lor Hi
it once aud examine every panel of
icocf, giies and promptly bavo eve.ry
'lecessny repair made, as it is Uieif '3
put in crops unless you jjicvio'i-iy
cno. them against tho dri'tdoiioii of
niiichievous auima's.
1'reparation CJ Ground vd the
"Hiving of Gal). It is an ul,iii.i,'i
lici that the eatlitr oats are got lulu iIm
ground, the belter chanoe there h 'f
heir filling and yield. ng well. Wuls
I is difficult lo fix a day in a country
ike ours on wliich to s ir them, it w
perfectly safe to any, that i ho ground
tiould he plowed for the receptioo of
ihe seed as soon as the free: is out uf it
md stifficienlly relived of moistu'e to
admit wf bi ing well plowed. is not
ni'cessaiy that one should iva t U' til tn
Iti V t J VV ' - j t
contrary, It is tar ontier.mai ine g'oumi
should be plowed long enough la sei
'le, down and becume compact before
he seed be commuted to it.
Hauling out your manure. -If yon
uve still tj peifjrm tins duty, losa no
loie in going about it, and do not q'lit
'.intil y ur work is done, it i aKvjy
i-fli lo b ahead of your wvik, sod t
,,echi!ly iuch heavy jobs as litis. S lould
you not ba piepired t spread and plow
it in as hauled ou', co'r each p.le with
aith, and if you ilsirt tint yjjr mi
iure shall da you ihe greatest amou-it
of service, before you i a nova it lo tlin
iHd . iucotnorate a bushel of plie tr
with every 20 loads of it 'Iv will pr
vent the eicapa ol tha enriching gnus
mi which ths c;;rn plan's so delight
.o feed, and which gives an impeiui.s
o thei,' arsi coming up.
Cum and Corn Gemini A the
imu ha ariived in maty parti of our
iDUntiy for corn planting, an! in a fe.v
vntks more il will be tune in all, wa
Kg io call the a'teuii iu of our leaden
. this important rmt of tl'eir duties.
W'c lake it for granted that all who imy
oive clay lands which they intended
, ut in corn this spring, wrre proviJe.it
.noiigh '0 plow thfltn last winter, a
lotniuz is more conducltva to sucas
n sueii soils with the com crop, toau
he advantage to b! derived fioni their
xno-ute lo ihe intlixitce ol titu aiienu
ion of Ireez ng and thawing and early
nrimr. While it di'uilfrogiies thi
more adhesive pars, It mallows the soil
essen the toil of working, anil tiasiroys
he embivo cut worms Iii.l it is but
air lo remark, that this ben-fit to ihi
ex'ure of the sail, can only bs ciicui
ted upo'i where the precaution wa i i
ken to plow only when ine l.md wa m
iroper condition; lor U ' nuyiam
bten (uinel ww wet, Ilia protxti my
; that it will reonin in do Is Uu 1114
he emire season, thus adding grsaily lo
the toils and expensi of culli v.tion, a
ivell as lessening the products 01 ina
rop-
If any should have such grounds, in
'iideil for corn, which is still " ti
plowed, wo would admoimn ina n noi
0 nlow it when u may oy enuei iu Ci
.r 100 dry, but to choose lhal goldsn
.tato of 'beiweeniiy.'whent it miy bo
easily reduced to a state of polvecsm uy
neans of Ihe roller and iwnow, noin 01
which should ba freely uied until tin
lesir d end is attained.
Mitcli awand Cows in Calf
Lltlusa receive iLil'y allowoaces of
.oiriciou) slops in addition to their luu
ler. , n .
ff'arlcins Horses-Mules and Oxen
As the tune has come when "U will ba
..King upon tnos generous, patient am
i.ale, to strain their every muscle for your
.(Wantage, let us urge il upon you as so act
f iustioH a well as for inteitsi. " bavo
hem liberally supplind with food, well
dcaned and pnperly lodged. By ueh m-
rsased atte'nlion vou will tocreasa their
.... 1 .1 ; 1 . t,M 1 1
physic il ability lo permrm ineir um,y
Nsy, tliat is not all jou win 11110
vaid in the pleasurable feelings which the
onciousness ol having been kind 10 ihei-i
iml':iM. ....... 11
Outhouses Ml all kinns enouiu 00 n
cleans ed and whiw washed
Li.ickcas. Cur cxpeneoce icatues i