-v- vireraniasimiwj
- I bare sworn upon the Alter of O.M, eternal UustHttT t every for of Tyranny uver the Mind of lUn. Thoma Jeilenjim
II. WEBB, EDITOR AND -PROPRIETOR.
m.no.Msiirun. coi.tmniA. colxtv, pa. s.vtukdav. dkcumihij: -20 m i"- "
tWiirflSHJUBittaiiiMajritjrasi 5 )
Volume I A.
rr: wnrwnaiiii i main: Pr.'fJjy.-lreg-a.---
OFFICE OF THE DEMOCRAT, .porUtion fiee of du-y. On uilie.i thyi The well-known fact ihai ilia i.riil of
- r a I 1 f t 1
oriMiUK r. tail inrncii, main-st nny impose tow nuiies. n uiese cias
P m i
1 J r Mm kJ
7'Ae CO. (M77 l)V.MOCllATwillhe
published even Saturday morning, at
'VIVO DOLLARS per annum payable
liaij yearly in advance, or J n o Dollar
Fifty Cents.if not paid within the year .
iVo subscription will he taken for a shorter
period Hum si.v minths; nor any discon
tinuance prrmittedfitntil all arrearages
are dischargi d.
JDl HKTlSHMr.SS not exceeding a
square trill be conspicuously inserted al
i)jie Dollar for the first thrfcinsciiions
un I I :rrai y-jire. cents for every utilise
linear nsrriion. t . I li'ieral itiscoun
iii.'t.le to those who n lv rlise lu the iea
'.H IWFAIS a l lcessed on liisine,iitist
he post paid
PUr-MUEiVrS MKSSACIC.
Concluded.
The Mlcrit'on of Congress is invited in
the impoitanrp. of making suitable mod
ifications and reductions of the rues o
du'y imposed by our present t . i : IF I j w
The object of imposing duties on impm t
should be to raise revenue. o piy tin
nece.siry expends of government.
Congress may, undoubtedly, in the f x
ercise of a sound dicieiion, discrim
inate in arranging the rat's of duty on
difTeient articles; but the discriminations
shoulil bo within the revenue standard,
ond be made wild the view to raise
money for the suppon of government.
It becomes important to undeistand
distinctly what is meant by a revenue
l a nd siil, the maximum of which should
not be exceeded in the rates of duty im
posed. It is conceded, ami experience
prove, thai duties nny b? In. I so hih
as to diminish or prohibit allo'ether
the imp'iriaiion of any giveo article
and iheieby lessen or dustioy I ho leve
uoe w hich, al lower rales, would be de
lived Irr-m its importation. Sucli dutit
. i . t
t xc.eij me. revenue rates, and are no'
imposed t ) raise maney fur the biippor
tt H'lvernmen'. II Connreits 'evy a du
(y fur revenue of one per cent, on a giv
en prtie'e, it will produce a givon a
mount of money to alLtd protection o
advantage lo the arnouiit of one per cent
to th;) home nnnol ic'tiici of h simil ir m
like ailielo over I bo impoiter. If !
duly b" I'.NimI 'o
i I'll p. r cm
!l it '.I
ji o:lnce a m 'j t w i ii tn
i-lfoid r -.: ,, ,. Ii
I ai-i-i: i ,-j i ;V. .' f w, ,! -f, i
f i P-.'o'., .v..; ,! .i. : !.,;,'
i.U ' ;!f I vi .1 !: -,!(; : i
err.i.ii'ii, tne ;,,-.!: e ci :
will d ! O lit; In' !. ! ;
mj I ilii ly nil ; ,i I i i, ' , - i : , !
111. it the I'. VrliU p, ..(i i f. ,,t
1 .( 1 1 1 i n ui lii.r'j i' i rem., ,
b i i re veinii; i pi ,
ii the a;'t-in!iii m; '.r ol ilii ir
II is iisei l-lil.t il I u lit
the i evemi" i s vi c iii.-s
! . ii w i
iiii'iey,arn
r b'i s ' j '
. ... !,';.
, !. I ' V
. i,i ; .
i
i -
i: i ..i! po.r,
s, :il wbi.'i
tXpr-l 1,'ne.: lii.'i
til III iX III'I'l
I aie of lu'y which i.iu dm f,, ,,
bona fide pur pise oi c . 1 1 . c i:'j iiion
(or the HUppuri uf ivei iiiiiei.l. Ti
raise Iho duties lulur than lh.it poin
iiiid theieliy dimini-h Hie ainoum enl
lected, is lo levy tliui f ,r pmrc;ioi
merely, ni l noi lm i.'Vti,'ie. A Ion.
I hen .is tjii'ii. r, .4 in i' i , j . ! , i i !
il.e r (i- "I no y o i n v,
u iiiy inci e.i
. ar'irle, gin;
" tr I l,U- Ii - ' , 'jy Ml ,!l ini'UMv
w i t , 1 1 1)4 i e Vi n'l
.. ii tiiy 40 b( Ond. that
ii. y inci ca irt I li i.u n;i.
diminished or detr.. y
Ml- V
,,: .in y
point, .til l
:i i ev'fhoe
Hi.- ;ici ci -us; s in luve I it it (,hjii:i ihi
nisingot money lo uppoit gover men',
b'.il is for piol('Cl:on merely.
Ii does not follow I hat Congress should
Ifvy ii,rf h t do y on all ar'iol s nl
irnpnit winch they a,!1 bi'Br within t!:,
irvv r.uo Mamhtd, for fucti rate" wo'i!..
jiioti.uy piodurc a morli larfr amou
llian the tCOnoOiiCiii udinii.l.-'iiitlnn v
llm ov( inniem would nqme. ,,n
docs it fll ow that ihc d-i'it.H un at
: :S should be ai the muih, or a I, or
H'jiii.il rate. Some ai 'iclis will bear ;
ii.'.irh liijber itvcnue duly liian other.-il-low
Ibe iiDxinnim of Iho reveiuu
fc'ji.dard Con.f.is nny and ou'u ti
c ' imina in ihe rales imposed, lakiiii
c,e h.-j to .-.em on ii.f,(ei.i aii
lit i to f.:.duce id I fie sggrrgne ill'
niiiiu -t wjnch, when adde;! 10 ihe pro
l' '-I n!, s oi ."iblio hnd.J, m iv b
1 i ' A i
i ... i ,r, jMy ;,,u (-eoiioii.ic.il expi n-'.s
li tl.e
lo l,'V
e dhoul 1 be eitibraced stir Ii articles
neeesnily as are io general o ) and esp
cially inch a aie consumed by the I
hou r and ibe poor, is well as by ih
wealthy citizen. Care shonld be lake
ihat all th greitt ioiereis of the cuu
iy, iiicbiiliug m iiiufscui'er, ngricul
iure, commerco, navii ion, nd th
neehanic aris, ohould, as far as may b
in aeiifibie derivo eij ul advinia
lorn the inci lmiial pvnirc io'i whicli
just vim o( rtenue dtiims may affu
T X i'ihii, dlu-el or indirect, l a horde
and shoii',1 be s t imposed as t i opcr
4 a i c 1 1 1 illy as nny b", on ali elisses,
be pr.ipoi lion of iheir ab li'y lo :eii i
lo iiuko thd Uxiojr pow4r an if u
'jeiirul to on.i class, nec-.ss.n ily in 'ni.nti
iIih bm lfii of the other b v'onl t
iop .il:ou, and would b'i unnilns Iv u i
ut. Iti- t-i oif. 'pro'ecii'iu lodnoiicsii
mlu dy,' ara of popular i ipit; bu
thry shiiutd apply under i u-t ays'e.in
o all iho v ii ions hi aocliis uf ukI.jSIi
n our cou.iiry. The farmer or planle
vho iui!s yeaily in his fifl.ls, i tngigu
u 'domestic induitry, auJ is as inuc
ntideil to have his latiur 'prot. cted,' a
the manufaCiuror, Ihe man of commerce
bo tiavigitor. or the mechanic who ait
engaged aHo in 'Jomeslic uuiusiry in
heir ditferenl pursuits, llu joioi la
bors of all these classes consilium iho a 4
giegite domestic industry' ol llm lutijn
and ihey are i-O'ially enliilwd to the in
tion'a iirotecliou.' No one o'- them can
jus 1 1 y claim to be the exclusive lacipi
euts of 'protec:iou' which can oaly be if.
lorded by increasing bur. Inns 011 llu
do-nfuiiii industry ' of the others.
If ilieso views be correct, it remain
o inquire how far the tariii ad of
ii consistent with them, ilutiii.iiyul
'lie piovisions of lhaf act a;e 10 viwlatiui
of the caidmal pr:ocijlrs licre laid down
II must concede. Ihe tales ol du'
;mpojeJ by it on some atticles ru pro
hibitory, and on others so tiih as j.eat
ly 10 diminish iinpnrl!io;is, an I to pro
duco a less amount cf revenue thai
w.'ul.l be dei ivod from lower rates.
I'li-'y opciaio as 'protection merely,' I:
ne brancii of 'domesuc indu-tiy,' by
tixi'.g otbri branches.
IJy i!m ii;i.'luiion of minimum', 01
Kiurticl and l!se v.tlu s, and tiy (be
imnosii.jr of specTu du'ics the injustice
i:ld inen nil or 111.! act ol iUli III It
jrneiiiMl op M alions on dill lent classes
uid pu"-u.' ar 1 snen ail fit. Many
! 'h opjinss.ve du'iei imj) i.sed by it
1 .!(.( ii'.c ojicMuon t'l ilase piinctplei
:Ag'i Irom o.if per cent, to moid than
two hundred per cut. 1 hey arc pi obi-
tiioiy on so .ih aiticlff, and partially an
)'i others, and bear nioit heavily on nr-
icles, of cuiiiiniu ntcrfsny, and but
ignilv on Biiiclt s of luxury. Ii is .so
'1 imed thai much the iea'tst buiden
vhich ii 1 v,p ises is thunvu on laboraud
lie poor !' ela'S" who are least able u
iaar it. whila it orotects caiiitil and t x-
Our exnminee lias shown, ilmi when dor a.l. nnaiu i,,,,iu u,,,i ,, .,1... ..,1 ,.L
, . 1 1 , ..... 1 "o uun u '1 1 1 1. it llu die Bill
18U was pissed by 1 mymly of uoe bankimr eorixirahun 1.,. n,. i..un.r.;. .
vote In lheSe,.te. and two in the h,i ,.L ' 1 pu-nsnuinna ,or any cn.o.z
, it , . , , , 01 me piionc money, and been Hereby
it lijpresenlatives, ami thai soma id , .' ,,. , '
hose who felt thems, Ives cooM. amed. a" lw i"aDry, the goveru-
uuJer the peculiir ci cuinsiances ex inent c,n Mve "" S"'anty that it can
uijj at the time, lo vote 111 iia favor, pro I'O'mmind die use of its own money for
dinned, its doieets, and expressed iheir'public purpose. The la'e IJank of ibe U
Utfi 111 i n.iti on to aid in its modilic itiou'uiied Statei proved 10 be f.iiihlesi. The
.,,,u "?l u"y. I'roug Siaw bank which were afterwards emolov
ed, werrt faithless. IS.it a few years ;'o,
ith mdhoiii of pubhu ua uiey in tUir
keepuiij, ibe govermuenl w.is bronchi al
.nasi 10 bankruptcy, mid the pnbliu ere Ii,
-erioualy imjiaired, because id iheir iimbiU
ny or indisp isi.ior. lo pay, on demand, !
dm public creditors, ju the only ciiireiicN
i-eeoijilizsd by die Cui.sliliiton. 't'beu
aQil concl mivu eviimncu llm u was noi
uteiided to be pDimaueii', and of the
iXpi'diancy and necessiiy ol ila tliuiuuti
I'HV'isiOU.
lit leccom -ii .'ii ling to (Jungrsj a re
t locuou ol III j iiioSfiil raic. of dutv. an, I
ireviilon 111I 111 id lic ilinii ot I, it; act ol
1 1111 lai fro hi e.iiei'iaiuii'g opio
om Lull uiiidlv lo the oimulic u u.
'),! the cui.ti ny , I deine to s;-i; iheiii
iiospi ion-, as l,n as 'hey can b.) an,
vuIkiUI imposing uufi lal burdens 01
illier inli.'iKsla. Tliu advantat u i'lci
any y s em cf inilii eel laxttioo, tve;.
vit iin ihii ''.'Veiiun ataodud, uiu-l hj in
aVur of the m iiiufaclui 1113 iii'i.-ie-t u,ki
d'this, no o'licr iutirj s will com
Kin.
1 iccommend to Conriss tlie abo!i
iou of the miiiimu r. piiuciple, or hs
umed, aibi'.tii'y, and falsu value', air!
ii sueci-liij dutiei. and Ihe subsiiiutio
11 uiiii niace-01 au valorem uuitii, .
be fauest an I mosi tquitab'e ind ite
iax which cau be imp nud. hy llu (,
valorem principle, all aitides are laxj,
according to their col or valuij, au,i
hose wiiich are 0. iufci ior q nl:iy, or o:
small co, be 1 r only the juji proportion
1 the t.x with ihoss which are of supe
ior qjalny or gteat-r c)s'. 1 li aril
les consumed by all aro Ux',1 ul t'n
e in rat. A syneiu of u l valorem
revenue du'ifJ, wilh proper disci imiua-
10ns and prnpi guards ainisl du I
in collecting them, it ia out lioub'ed.
will tffn'd 4 npl", incidr-iiral a Ivairae.i
o the rnaii'd ic urei x-id einble then
0 d.rrive asg.n! pi oil s can b den
ved fro.n any niher lenuUr business. I
s believed that tmch a nysiem, sirictlv
witliii tee levruue .'landard, v,i I plac
be minufacturing interes'i on 1 iiabl
ooimg, 0 n i 1 inuie to th-nr pTmaoen
Ivamag; while it will, as neaily a
nay be pisciieible, ex eiid to all tb
f at inleiea'i of it e counirv the inci
Iffilol 1 Oi r ul ion which csn be nffoidei;
)y cur 1 tveniif laws. Sucli a sysiorn,
hfll O.'.'Ce fl e.i'y 1 bt ibiif Iim), would Lt
5t nunc lit, and not be su'd- ct lo ;bi
cuns:anl romnuiut. Miiiaiion.s tiu
li cli rtui"! t r oc' ur, w!i
ui'it.'S ma mil laid In:' i.-venu.-, ii.it loi
he 'proittliuii n.ertly' ofalavoud in-
I'ii!nr occund in a peiind of peace, ami
reai iiirnnveriiciu'e and less were suffered
y ihe publi.i fro.n it. Had iha coiiiury
irteii itivolvn I in u f iroia war, that incon
venienee and bisi wmilil buvu been luueh
iea:r,"anJ milu have resi.l'.ej in t'iroitk
public caUmiiy. The public moiioy sboub!
not be iiiing ed vvidi iba private funds ol
banks cl individuals, or to be u.id lm tr t-
ill Uliliit-
In ibe dehbi'iaiions ol Omigitsis on t!i
vale pcrpose When it is pUce
for cafrt keeping, it u in , d el loune.l
thcra wiiliout iiuertJl imd ia loaiitd In
tliom upon intrust to the borrower!-ro-ii
loMi. Tne piibli.; money is con
n t'.'l in b.tBking cpit .l, and is used ami
loaned out for lite private profit (,f l, a t: k .
iiocUio'i! jrs: mid Y!ien ra'U 1 f.ir IN ,.,41
lie am in 1 3 J 7.) it may be i;i t!ia p nke
t .1 - I . . ... r . .
11 uie 011 rowers irom t'ie Uanlis, instead
.f being in ibe public treasury roircmjilai
d by the cor.str.u'.ioii. Ihe frameri ol
ilu cuDs'tr.tiun could never have inuiidei
diut the money paid into t'.io treasury
aliould be tbuj convened to irivate ujn.
mil ptui.''."', beyunj ibe cor.lro! of ibu govuni
UCIlt.
Diiiks which bold the public moay are
. i' 1 1 1
M.ru io ii;m6j, uy a uiisiro ol gain, lo ox-
end ibeii' ioios, la.'Mm iluir circulatiun
4 ml Ihns ttiiaulal?, if Lot produce t spire
f up-. ti'niion and tx'r iviincs, wbu.-h.
'inner or later ni;.t ,.,ul! in ruin lo tb u
uid, If the public ii,.:ih; t nut permi:
ul 10 L thin iiserj, buii,, kpt 10 rh.
ninsury imd paid out in tl.e public rr,-.!i-ors
i.ieu!.J r.W silvnr.the tempt ition iiTurd
f,l by its dei nojie nidi barks 10 a.1 iin1-i-
sxparisM.n of thrir biii:rfa i nuid he cbx I
:d, wl'.ilj ihe :i 'TI una uf t'.e eoiuuiuiiona
'.Qircncy l.fi in eirculaiina wm;M b euiarj.
d, by i;j c,.;,d .lyiaein in ihe puMio eollco-
tio:isa:id dubcr;,- !u"iiis. a:: I ibe bank
z emem, private uses or mm ipplicalion n
die public funds mil for any fadure in oth
er resppcte 10 perform their duties.
To nay ibat the people or their f men.
ment are iiicompeieni, or not to be irest r
with ihe custudy uf ibeir own money, i,
iheir own iieasury, provided by iheinselvet
but must rely on ihei; presidents, rasbiurs,
ainf moeklioldci s of banking corpor aiiuiis
not ajipointed by ibem, nor repousib'e u.
hein, would he 10 concedi. tit 4 1 they an
in-ouijieieiit for 'government
In ree.iunjieudiii. die esiHiilmhuiet of 1
oiisuiiuional ireamry, in wbi.di the pu'ln
'noiK-y ib .ll be kepi, I desire ilmt aderja-i
provision be made by law for its a!tM,
and tlial all exeeiuie discretion or couiro
over it slull be remove I, tX'.ppt audi k
in-iu a r n j o l. . ,
nvn,oj(j 111 i.iroi;il.ig MS llisniirst'
.nent 111 punuaiice of approjiriiiiuiis u.ade
oy law.
Undir our present land system: limiting
the niinium price al whi.di ibe public bind.
an be eni.-red to ono dollar and nvtnty
,ive cmta per acre, large quantities of in-it-norlands
remain usold, because they
4ilti.ul command that price I'roin 1I0
records of the (.ienenil Land mice' it ap
lear.s thai, of the public lands remaining
insohl in the several States and 'I'erriiiiries
1. which tli ey aie lituuted, ibitty nine mil.
iona one hundred and seventy eeveu cnt
. ..... 1 - .1 1
'ave oid, m me inaritet, sutj 'ci to
m.re ibau I tve nty years, furiy nine milliotif.
'X hundred and thirty eibt ibousand bii.
buinlreil and forty lour acres for more ib;o
iiUeen years; seventy tl.re millions seven
7 four tboiisiud six hundred acres lo
more ilnn ton yeats; jiiu one hundred am
six lii.llions ooe hundred and seventy six
thousand cine hundred and sixty one acre.
r more than five years. Miicbtbe lar-
icst portion of iheu lamls will coutin le t.
ie unsalable at die rniiriun price at wbicl
fl.-'V Ul u nupin !,.. I ... 1.- .11 I
. 'I'HSli IU 110 KOIO, Sit lung II.
i'rgc territories of lands from vihirb tl,.
nora vlua'ile portiuns luve not been se-
''led are annually brought imo luarkei bt
be govomuieiit. With the view u ih,
ale and .jii!emom oi i!ie inferior la-idd, I
eceoiiiiiieiid tbiit th, price be triaduite.
md reiJueid be'cw dm ;rf!it
rj.M't, ii is Hoped tliat a spun uf mutual lhenicivC3 would, in cnoif qiieece, lo
win Lsri'jii nut, 1 uiiipilirm-n bi'ivtcii t on-, DilliO inat'.ll t
cling intertis may pinvmi, wud that llu
esuli ol iheir labors may be crowned ttr,
be happiest coiiiequenefs,
iJy tlie cons'.iiuiioii of die Uniied St iter
it is provided, thai 'no niont) shu'l hi
mp's the neb horn piymg tntir jusi 1 tlru w 11 !riin ti,t iinatu.irv.hut m rniiiu q.u rn'
ii'iiponion of taxilioo required for ihejiif appropriation) marie bylaw.' A j 1 . i. i 1
uduoi t 1 f ibe aovei iiiu nl. Ulnle 11 iicasuaty ti uiiUoutneitly conic iinda'., u
roiects the capital of the Wenlthy "'d intnidud to bs crejied, in vvbuh lm
i.auufaciuier. and increases Ins prolns i""" ;"," '""'"lu oe cpi no n me p
'i'
IT
ixtie.Sii t,,.
,r
d.ries, ("oiiimi
I dot's not benefit the opct .,1 , ves ur la-
mreis in li s emloym"!,', whose wagp.
nve not b en mc e.is il by it. Ai tides
f prime necessity or of coarse q lalit)
Md low price, used by the rius.s o
he people, an-, in many msim.ivs, hub
cted by it to Heavy taxes, wmle aiti
b uf (i,,m qiiliiy and higher puce,
r of luxury , wuich can be ueil unit
iv the opulent, are lightly lax-d. 1
uij) iscs heavy and iinju-i liurd-'ns 0:
i. firmer, tlie plan'.ei, the com tnei cu
nan, and ti o-e of all oiiier ptiisuiis tx
p! Iti.f f ip'.t lll W'')'i l-as 111 id? l,;s in
vt s'ments in 01 inula.- ur- s. .i'li tl'
ii-.ii ri'i-i . -n ,it 1 lie coj rry br-i not.
, ne.ii Iv i'S oi iy bt p'rjciiciid, iqm.ly
ji o'ecit'd by ;t.
The govem ni u' in th' Oiy knows 11
lisiinciioo of pc.iso'.is or clas-i", :t ri .
.hotild not ht'S'OW fivors and piiv
pSes wh,ch all others m .y not enjoy
It was ibe pir (0M! ol l lihisii 10.1s .,ii,i
lers I t basu tlie inMinit.ous wine 1 lii"
1 .. . - . . .:
U, 0 I till b'?al aim u , - a'..n.
H Ol I I'lit ' 3'iu 'I 1 -"
sCiOtn 11.3' ii ll'l'li ii'i-'' '" "- r'''
-i which ih'J' were conca ivhiI, the i
.,!;:! be f.-li oulv by tlu b-Midi whin
;,-v d f..n d. au'.i tvoti! I s-cine for
:v ':,:-. Ives a d-fonC i" ' ol
real e
prn,e,p
nod uf i-olleeiion l.iuil i.t-.eded lor pniylie u--es.
In ti 1 a i.illccuo.i aui iltiHiiseiiiei)
of the puhiic money 110 bhh-ii s h.ivuevi i
oceu eu)))!oyti by law, excejit such as t r
ippoiuietl l;v llie govtni ' t lit, ilin eill r
iousilde lo n, and uuuli-r its t oinrnl 1 1,
snie Keeping 01 inc pu;;iii: uiiuiuv I.siii :t-
oe conlided 1 1 a public. irvanar crcai.'d I"
:aw, anil under hue respoiisihilnivd d,n
.oinroll 1. i mil 10 be iiiiajjuo'd ll. it 1I1
narneis of ihe cousiiiu ion could ii ne in
elided ihai llie ne.isury sluniiil be iialci
is a place id oe iosiii' and sale keeping l
lie public itioury tviueii was iire:tpniisil.!i
10 ihe govt n. merit, 'i'lie lir.ii Concur
ii'.der the I'linniliiiii'iii, bv the act uf iij '; .
t-j, umber, ITiJj ,to rs ahli.-h ibe J re.n.n
1 . . , , ,
11 ueparimeui. prm 1 it'll ior me :.ppii;n
iiit! so ii'dvr eoiidition.
At pifii-t nt, State b.-.rJ.s are rtipiovn! a
lepusnorire, but wirhnut a.Lqu ,m reola
iiou of law, whereby the public money can
1 nines
II li,fl ttuiv 'I,
ee,i llu- u.olie) s uf llie IJniUi!
;0e.S 0! llVl-.nu
'i taxitio 1. 'I'n,
anitb. a Ii t
g pow-.-i, aod lor poi I i,,. p, .,.;.., .-.iure powcitiil than .st:irnliiig
"V seieci I:.h am' - o.- ',,,1 li it... ,-.,i-.ns an I apobinres
1 , .1 1 11 -, 1 ,, - f - .
" 'v exen.nl uiui'i1,,,,.,,,..! i ..;., .vcrnineiits bunded
6,;"n, nd p,rmi, ,jej. ,-,. jn ijuj!M:o anj 0,,picssiOt'-
ii'-iil ol a treason I
eeeivt) aui
stale, and 'al ;,il tnnr.s I ) Mitioili to li.i
"icrrciary of TrcaMiiv and "ie I oi:ii;.)1k 1
r tuber ol t.R'tn.iiie in? ju, 1 1 ul liiti muii
y s in liis Ii. iids.'
I'liut nation,,' or bluV, couli! not
i:ne liceii miei..i. ,1 i,, . e i .-ni :i- a Mibsu- or ""V Vl'et lnitever us a eur-
uie l.ir ibe trciMiry sp.ii.en nl in ihe i-ou--: rencv nr circiila i.,n. I (annul tionbt that
tottlll'ii1. ; hi I-':,-i.t I .h 1,
. .. - I : . 1
ic DreLrcu njjaiusi ioe c.isii nines and t i
ti'ises, ret'iil.-ion, 6uspens!.iti an J dtfalca
loiiti, 10 which, from over loatirs, ovet tra
ding, 11,1 inorilinate dcrni) for gain, or
nberci'ises. they aro connantiv exposed
I'he Scrrttary of the Treasury has in ull
'vtes, vrl en prctieiible, lakeu rollateial se
''Hilly lor (be amount which ifiey bold, b
the pledge of snicks of the Uniied Siat.-s
nr mic)i of die State a were in good credit
Nimc of ihc depns.le b:i,,.s bine given tbi?
It -cnpiiou of scuii-y. and niln is liuve dc
eiinril to do S3.
Ilnieri.iiiting the opinion that 'dm sep,r
. ... ..r .; , . -
i"i, hi iib moneys n irie guvennent Iroir.
'.iiikii instituiious is imlipensaft!e lot
be salety ol tl.it I'm,, la .,f th governmem
iihe ii;l,is of the penj je.'I reccoii'inrnd I,
Untijress that provision bo nude by la
Cr siii'b tij-craiioii, ami ihai n cuiistitutioiia!
rfjsury beneulrd f'r the safe keeping of
die public moiny. 'iha en -sutiiiionai
Ui ftseiy rvi Diouii ndi'd is designed at se
enre ibpiiMioiy f .r the public money, with
out any pover lo make loans or discounts
d' mini un
.I'f.enriuinng the sd-s n: nj iriv! prices u
(ii.Vii and ciiliivators i.i limi'-n! 0 -1 :ii ; i ; us
I. .1-
bv
pu.nie iiionct, 13 -ucb a in-as r,ry as wa coititeiiiolaicd
uiiii.i-si ii.nii ui; 1,1, 1, ihi ai 1 tai innt .1 1 111 1 1
. , ., , , , ' , ihe eouciiiuiio:,. aboi.Id bo indepeiidattl ol
lit, I hi r is a e li.i,.s ul liu,,ui rapiiul '
xis-td in me cuu r,. ,eir.-.i...'v,.dient'baa:n8 c"rl""""s-
as 4.1-p -M'.uiit's ..s ai li.; lesi.riMi 1 , to a; -l be money of tl.e nei.!e slionld be kern
nnilel i-xenl.lmi ,lii noino.ved inleuiion ln ,,r he.si.i t- ,.f,l. ,..,l. .1 1...I....
- " .ij'io ,,o,,r, I,, ,H
I
(iii-ii!iiiiiiit ihem in ri.ia'iently, in nlaee' , ,
.u . . , ... i and re
I gradii!i..i ar.d tni-iv ,' in
uiriite l 1,'nr., to on- (i ll r ;
ner the expiritimi ,' ... ;-.
oid and '.hud tern to i . .
ire p.iiiion ui it,.; -,"
oi '-b-isi d, .iti.l m .or -i lititv
inablfi lo p 1 1' hnj lu-r r ';r-, -
'ounce for tin on- !(- .in.! liu u- p,.,
P ,u. . l: ... . , .
uiiupiuig mi; puiii-y iii gr iiiiianon arc
reduction of price, ihe.,e inleiior lands w l
he sold lor thi'if real value, wj.ilo the Stales
,,, .. I.I.I, .!..... II. ..:ii l . r i ,
in uit;ii uivj un win ne ireeu irom tlie in
ennvenienee, if not ii justiec, lo u hiut
ibey arc subjected in consequence of tin
I 'nl,. A VI...... .
mil..., k-,i,urs euiiuiiiiing tj own larj;e
TiiHiitnies of public lauds within tin ir boi
dvrs, nut liable to taxation fur Ibe suppon
if ibeir Inc. d govern.-iieiiis.
1 recomiiiPinJ llie coiiiiiiu'ance cf ihe poh
') of graining pre .empiion; in g mii
'ibcial rxiont, to sill ihoe who hai-e senhd
or may hcieafur settle on ilia public lauds
bc-'.lier Surveyed ur unsiirveved. lo whul,
die Itiduo title may have been extinguished
ti the liuiH of seldi'inent. It has besn found
by expt i i,iii'e, thai in consequence of coin
linalioiiB of piireiiHsers and oilier causes, .,
'ery small qnanniy of ihe public lands.
when sold al public auction, ronimands a
ligher price than be miiinniKii niie tstab
isbetl by law. The settlers on the milic
i
... t . ..... i . .
lints ar, nowcver. nui rarely alue to .e.
ure their homes and improvements al tin
niblic sales at ih it raie. because these com
uiiaiiuiis, by nicnis of ibe capital lhe
ommaiid, and their superior abditv topui
base, lender it i m jniiibte for theset'ler l,
oiiipeUi wnli them in the iii-ukei, Ilv put
in kj llOWn Rii CilllitO llthin. llinul i nu.liin:..
'-"''"' '.'" '' fc'-v-r'anfei?ilhX
ny, doudle or quadruple the amount paid
r ibem io g ivernment. lt is lo the em
erpnse and peiaeverance of the hardy pin-
trs of the West, who peneirale the wiU
ierutss with their families, null'er the dan-
era, privations and the hardships aiiending
ue Hi'iileinciit of a new country, and pre
iare the tiy for toe b idy of euiiarauts
vho i.i the counti of a few years, usually
olio A' idem, thai wo are, in a cieat deneo
u.leb ed foi tlie extension aud sggrambzi.
oiii of vat couniry.
Lxjieriince has proved !ia! no portion
d our population are more patriotic tbm
me harily and brave .men of the frontier, nr
mire ready to obey the call of their rmni
uiil to defend bor rictus and bouor, when
iver and by whatever enemy aasailcii.
I'liey sbuiild be pro'.ected Irom the gr.jpp
ug ejieculaior, and s 'cured, ai ihe ibinnmiui
rice of the piibliii land--, In the humble
iiou.es which (hey improve)! by their I.t
or. U lib t lis end iu view, all vex .lion
r unnecessary restrictions imposed upon
hem by ibe existing pre-emtioii Us
"l.ould he repealed! or mndilied, li is iho
iu policy of ihe government io sfford
lacilitics to its citizens to become the own
-re of small portions of our vast public do
main al low aud moderate rates.
The present system of managing tlie
uineral hods of ibe United Suies is be-
Levee: to be radicilly delective. .More liian
. ...to e ' t .i
I un nun u .irercH oi me puoilt; lanes, sn;i
Hlt'V ,... .1 . . i. i . . .,
M-' ii io i ui.iaiu icuii anu oiutr minerals,
have binn test rved from sale.ind ninnrrocs
l-asi-s upon them have been granted to in
dividuals upon a stipulated rent. The sys
orm nf granliug leases has proved to be in t
only uiiprofiidb'e to ibe government, but.
msatislaciory to ibu einz ris who hatd
rone upon Iho lauds, and mu ifVoriiinuet.',
iy the fuundaiion of much future difliouU
v lietiveen llm government and ihe leases.
A 'cording io the cflii tal records, the a,
iiouni ef rents received bv ibe government
lor the yean 1811. lfl-13. ISi.'l. ! inn
v.Hi-G uC-l 71, while ihi txpense of tiio
system during iho same pen,,d, includiin;
S'leiies of superinteniliints, agi-r.ts. cleiks,
md iiuidenlal expense, wrw iM'euiy x
tinnis-nol mid hundred and eleven dohirs and
ii-ven (,ts--'.be incomo being less than
me loitrh of the rspeuses.
To this pnrijiiisry losi may be arJdnl
. i-jury u-.ait.d.: by i.ie public- in const -
i-:'-it.-f o;
i ; i i
ic ib's riK-iiofi of tiii,)cr, ami
and waslelul uiMtiner uf work"
h. The Kysteui has gi;en ri.-u
'' ' '' ''il hem-peri the IJn.ti d
" ' ' " "'! '.,.:if.i! i:i':j ns. nr ti'iM-inor
:- .i. '::,i:i c-:d !!X C,:J ,r ,.,j,,..r j , ...
'"o. - j me go
it-'at i utldiiional cxpeuditu.e.s
ieved ibat siiiubr loses mien,
will continue to occur, while iu
s stem of leasing these Ian j r..,.;. ,s
unchanged. These lamls are no v.- i.n.j. f
be sii)t(iiiiendence and care of ibe U r
i"p,nmeni, wnli ihe ordinaiy d.nies , f
tvhieh ibey have n.) prooer or naiiir.,1 ,....
lexion. I lecco.innend the rejieal uf ih-
iresent stsiem, and ihut these l,e idacd
under ibe sunt riniendcnci. -...I
nenl ul' ilip Ci',,.,. .1 1 . i t,v.
"" " "io won't', as oilier
.iiiblic laud-, ii'd be brought ,i ,i)Hik.H
and sold upon such leuns 118 Cucress n,
heir wisdom may pre-crtbe, res.rv.ng ((
ijoverniiiei.t ;n equitable pbf eemaae f i))t,
ioss a iiouni i i mineral produce and that
be preemption principle bo exicded
in icsidciii miners settlers upon ibem t
ibe minium price winch may ba establish
ft! by Longiess.
I r. fer you to ihe aeconpany ir.g report of
ibu Secretary of War, for informalior, io
sieciing ibe present situation of ihe army,
and its upetelions during the last year, ilio
stale of our defences; the c:ndnicris with
be various Ii, ban tribes 'Aiihiii our liuiiii
or upon our holders. 1 invite your mini
ion io ibe fuggesiions i.oniuined in that
report, i i relaiiou io these prominent ob
jei'i.s ol national interest.
i.i,.. .ii-,
en oruers were g.ven dntinff ihe m.i
mini ot capitalists and (peculators are usu summer lor coiiceiitraiing a wituarv furca
illy Miabled lo purchase ibe lands, include tin the western frontn i ul 'IVv ..
:.. .i . .. i . . i r . . . "nii.11111 iron on
f the treasury ,. ibe eonsiPuron When," """"'u""lw 'gis ol the peo ittg :-,e i.np.uvem, ms of ll c spit.ru. at tb. vere w idely .'iepetsed, and in small ,1-
ibcy w. re a'lerwanli f'om no,,- i0 iiini'il)p ni0"n "y tneinsclvp, opcordinj lo (inriimum price of lb- coverrnneiii, arm taehmenis. oeciinx in i..,.-. . . .
.h. cm..,;,..., .i .i;.......' ...i .. .i.. . . . """ ,c""" wm
... . . ... .. . I. . i. ., , , ,i " .-ii in v nil Hrr u rr v r rr iiirii i iii'iu un , ill i rii.i r I, i,iir-a ,,r i v
uii!oycd. ii was bom iuo'.Ik s of supposed
Oiivciilei.L-o.
t . I
eat o oiner. t ,,.VPr ,.
responsible lo tbo govrinmt'iit, who ate ui:-tori from Ibcii, according to ibeir ability to'iii.mccr in wiim, , ,r.
." y. fH'Mpip.if