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BIQOkSBIIOtJUMBlA COUNTY, PAi SATURDAY, DECEMBER Xl 1842
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OP THE DEMOCRAT
,OrptfBiTB Sp. Paol's Church, Main-bt
'T-XUlffS:
TAe Cqi.UMBI fiEMOCRJITwiU be
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PRESIDENT'S
' 't ''
MESSAGE.
To iht SenMs tmi.Houtt of
Sepristntativts of ths U. States:
-f Ws haconlinued reasons to ezptess
our profound gratitude, to the great. Creator
of all things far numberless benefits confer
red upon us as a People. Blessed with
genial seasons,the husbandman has his gar
ners filled with abundance, and the. neces
saries of life, not to speak of, its luxuries,
abound in every direction. While in some
other nations steady and industrious labor
can linrdly-find the means of subsistence.tho
greatest evil which we have to encounter.ik
a lutplus of production beyond the home,
deiasnd, which seeks, arid twith .difficulty
finds,a partial market in other regions, ''flit
htalt of the country, with partial except-:
ions, haa Tor Hie past year been wen pre-
ssivea; BBS. unuer ineir ireo anu wiop ippii
tetions, the United Stales Aare rapidly ad
Vsncing towards the consummation of .the
high 'destiny which jih overruling .Pfpi.
deace Memfe to have marked out for them.
K Exempt from, domestic convulsion,, and at
jace 'wUh'-wwelfldr we are. left ,fref,;to
BfjonsultaB to the best means of securing and
Wy.j : .L- u f rii
Such are the circumstances under which
'yon now assemble in your respective cham
bers, and. which should lead us to unite in
praise and thanksgiving to that great Being
who made'us, and who preserves us a na
tion .1 congratulate you, fel!ow-citizeny,on..the
happy change in the aspect of pur 'foreign
affairs since .my last annual mesjage.Cauees
of 'compfaint at that time' existed between
the United Slates and Gieat Britain, w)iich,
attended1 by irritating cneumMances, threat
ened niost' seriously the public1 peace. The
difficulty of adjusting amicably the 'ques
tions Tit issue, between the two' couutries,
was in no small degree augmented ,by the
.lapse of time since they had their origin,-
The' opinions entertained by theJ exec'utiv'p
wi several of-the leading topics' in .dispute,
"were frankly set forth in the Message,at.tiie
openlngpf your late session The appoint
mvnt'ofa special minister by Great Hritaio
me unneu oiaica wiui puwer iu negoti
ate upon moat of ihe points of difference;
indicated a desire on tier pari amicably to
ailjiKi them, and that minister was met by
tlie Executive in the same spirit which had
dictated his mission. .The' Treaty conse
quent tliereon, hiving been duly ratified by
'the two Governments, a copy, together willi
the coirepondence wliirh accompanied, il.ls
herewith, communicated. I, trust' that whilst
yon may' see in' it nothing objectionable, it
'ay,be the, means of preserving, for an in
definite period, the arpicable relations .hap
pily existing between the' two governments,
.'t'liiquealiop of, peace or war between the
Uaiicd'States and Great Britain, is a ques
;tiomifthe deep' at interest, nol ,oply ,fo
tlivmielves, but to the. civilized world,sin,ce
ft ig .tarccly poible ihaia war could exist
betvyren iheg, without, endangering the
ipeare sf, Christendom. The immediate ef
fect of the Treaty upon ourselves, will be
felt in ihe security afforded to mercantile
enterprise, which,. no longer apprehensie
of interruption, adventntes, jls speculations
)iq ,the,iost. distant sea; and, freighted with
iihtttivtisifisd productions of every laid,
'returns ui bless nurown. There la nothing
in tha Treaty which, in the sliehtost deeree
romprumtts the honoi or dignity .of either
nation. Neit'lo the settlement of the boun-
'dary line, which"rriusl always be a matter of
uwcuiiy Dctween otates fi oetween inoi
vidnals, tha question which seemed -to
tlltealerVrtliB ereateit embairassment, was
()lit cinneeif with tha. Afusan slave trade .
l By tha IQvH article of the Treaty of
'Ghent it was exprectly declared that
'whereas the traffic, in slaves is irreconcila
blu with live- piincipleo of humanity and
juttr;'a4.whereas both Ilia Majastv and
llic United States are desiroua of conlinuinc
their ert:ieproiBote its entire abolilion.it
OFFICE
is hereby agTeed that both the' contracting
parlies shall, use their best endeavors to,
aecomplishiso desirable an object In the,
enforcement of the laws and treaty stipula
tionsjof Great.Bri ain, & practicc:had. threat
ened to growjup.on the part of its cruisers
of subjecting to visitation ships, sailing un
der the, American flag, (which, while: it se
riously invplved our maritime, rights,! would
subject to, vexation a branch of out trade
which was daily increasing, and which
required the fostering care of the Government-
-Arid .although Lord Aberdeen, in
his correspondence with the American
Envoys at London, expressly disclaimed all
right te detain an .American .ship, on the
high seas; even if found with; a cargo of
slaves on,,.board, and, restricted, the British
pretension to a mete, claim to visit, and
enquire, yet it could not well be discerned
sucji7vifil and eDquiry(could be madev
ut, mo. czBcuiifc.oi in unueu oiaies now
uui.Bcicnuon on ,ino, voyage, anu consequent
interruption jo the trade. It was regarded
as" tbVrigh't of search, presented' only iri .
new forrajand expressed in different words;,
and I therefore fell it to be my duly, dis
tinctly to declare, in my annual message to
Congress, that no such concession could, be
male, and that the United Slatei had hnth
.the will and the ability to enforce their own
laws, md to protect their flg from being
usee lorpuipose wholly lurbiddeii by those
anu oonoxious .io me moral censure
o: me world, 1 akin? the Message as his
letter of instructions, our, then, Minister at
Paris felt himself required to assume the
"same ground in a remonstrance which he
vii iu uvihid.uuij i if ircciii iu ni. uuizoi,
and through him to the King of theFrench,
against what has been, called the Quir.tu'nle
treatyrarid his conduct, in this respect, met
wiui. me approval, ui inis uovernmeni, in
close conformity' Willi these views,, the
i article of Ihe Treatv was framed.
whicli provjdes'ihateacli rfatipn ahall! keep
afloat in the Afrjciin seas a force not Jess
"than; eighty, guueteV act; separately anjl.apari
,under inst'uctio'nf ffpai,' jheir respective
Gbvern'meri and for "(he enforcement o)
their respective "laws and.ooligaijons, From
this ,it yill be seep tlia't the. ground'.assnmeit
in the. Message has bpen fully rnaintained.ai
the same time tfiaji' the, stipulations of ihe
Treaty bf 'Ghentre to, be .carried out in
good faith by the (wo countries and that all
prctenoe is removed for interference with
our commerce for any purpose whatever4by
a foreign Government. While, t lie re fore,
the" United States have' been standing up for
the freedom of the sens, they' have noi
thought propet to make that a 'pretext for
avoiding a fulfilment of their Treaty siipu
latlons, or a ground for giving 'countenance
to a- trade reprobated by our laws. A aim
lar arrangement by the'otlier great' powers
colild not fail lo sweep from the ocean. tSe
slave' trade, without ihe inlerpolatipn of any.
new principle into the maritime code. We
may be" permitted to hope' that the example
thug set-will be followed by some, 'if not all
of them. ' We thereby ai'so afford sujlabe
protection to the fair trader'in tiiese seas,
thus fulfilling aftheame time the dictates
of a sound policy, and complying with the
claims of justice and humanil'v.
muuiu iioig luiiiiaucu.u'jufiiuiiai, cause
for congra'tulat on, if'lhe Tre'aly could Jiaie
embraced all subje'cts calculaled n fufu're lo
lead to a misiihilersfjhdinaf between the two
Governments; The territory of the United
Slates; commonly called' the Oregon tcrrito
ry, lying on tlie' Pacific ocean, nor,th of tlie
42d degree of latitude,to a portion of which
v,a uinaiu iuju ,uiaiui gcgins io aiiacv
the attention of our fellow citizens, and .tlie
iide of population which' has reclaimed
what' was so lately an unbroken wilderness,
in more contiguous regions, is preparing to
flo w over thbs'e vast disiiiis which stretch
from the Rocky mountains io the Pacific
ocean. In advance of the acquirement of
inuiviuuat rigtiia U these amis, sound
policy diclaies that every eiTorl should be
resorted to by tho Vvyo Govecqmenls, to
settle' their respective claims. It became
manifest at an early' hour of. tlie ae negofi
ajidns',' trjatany attempt for , the time being
satisfsctorily' to determine tjipse rights,
would lead td a proiracteij discussion, vjrhiph
might embrace in its failuie pliior more
pressing matteis, and the Execiitjve did nut
regard ii'as proper to waive all the advanla
ges of an honorable adjustment of other
difficulties of grett magnitude and tmpor
tance, because this, not so immediafrly
pressing, stood in the way. Allhuugh tie
difficulty referred lo may not fur several
years lq come involve the peace of the two
rdunlriek, yet I shall nut delay to urge on
Great Briitin the importance' of its early
settlement. Nor will other- mailers of
commercial importance to tha two coun
tries bo overlooked;and I have good reasons
to believe thai n will comport with the poll
cv of England, as it does with that of the
United States;, to seize upon litis moment
when must of ihe causes of irritation haye
pase'Jiawayftoe9nq,tb,e' fieace an,ij, u.nty
dHthe two 'countries' by wisely" rembving
all gfounds'oT pibbAbfe 'future collision.
1 With' the 6(her powers of Europe our
relations' continue' on t the most amicable
feelirig. Treaties now existing; with them
slifiuld be ritrhily observed, arid ' eVetV, on-
p'e'rti'tnity, compatible with the interest of
i.-ic unueu piaies; snouia ne seizea upon to
enlarge the bais of co'm m'er'cial inirrcouise.
Peace with all the. World is the trnfe founda
tion of our policy, which can only be ren
'deretl permanent'by ihe practice of equal
arid impartial justice to all. Our great desire
should be to enter only intd' that rivalry
which looks to ihe general good', in ihe
cultivation of the scienbes, the enlargement
of the field fdr the exercise of the mechani
cal arts, and the spread of commerce that
"great cviliter to every land and sea.
Carefully abstafriing from 'interference in all
questions excliisively f"efe?rriig' ihernselves
to the 'political inlefestsdf'Europe, We m'ajf
be pefmittedMo'hope an Cequ.al exempsi'on
from Ihe interference' of European Govern
'menri,-iri1wr?al relates to the States of the
American'GohtirieriY. '
On the'23d 6rApril la!i,ihe commission
ers on the part of the United States, under
the convention wlthMie Mexican Republici
of lhellthof April, 1839. made to the
piopei department a final report in relation
to the pioceedings of the commission. From
tins it appears1 that, the total amount award
ed to the claimants by the commissioiiers
and the umpire' appointed under thai con
vention, was iwo millions twenty six thou
sand and seventy nine dollars and sixty
eight-cents. The arbiter having considered
that his functions were required' by the
convention to terminate at the same' time
with thoae of ihe enmmissioricis: relumed
lo the board, undecided for wnnl of time;
claims which "had been1 alldwed bv the.
American-Commisfeioiier. to ihe nmount of
mneihundred and twenty eight thousand six
hundred and twenty dollars and eisluv
eight. cents., Oihrr'claims, in' which" ihe'
amount sought to be recovered was three
millions.tl'reoihundred and .thirty six thous
and eight.-hundred and thirty seven dollars
and.five.'cents, were submitted to the hoard
too; late for iu consideration. The Minister
of the U Statestat Mexico, has been duly
authorized to make demand for tlie navmeni
of, ihe awards according to' the terms of the
I .1 2 . ... 'r ..
i.uii.tiiuuii, dnu me piovisions oi uic act oi
Congress.of the. l?th of June, 1840.. He
has also: been instructed lo communicate to
that government ,the expectations of the
Government of the U. Slates in relaiion to
ihosc claims which were riot, disposed of
according to the provisiorisof the contention
and all others of citizens of the U. States
against the Mexican Government.
He has alo been furnished with other
instructions tdbe followed by him in case
theGovernmenUufrM'exico'shbuld not find
itself in a condition to make piesent' pay'--nienl
of. the amount of the awards.in sriecie
or its .equivalent.
1 am happy to be able lo say that infor
mation, which is esteemed favorable, both
to ajustsaiisfaction of the awards, and a
reasonable provision for other claims, has
been recently received from Mr. Thompson
the ,Minjster Of the, United States, who' has
promptly, and efficiently executed the iii-j
siruciions of his Government; in legard to
tins important suoject. ,
The citizens of the United Slates who
accompanied the late Texan expedition to
Saniafte, and. who. were wrongfully liken
aim leiu as prisoners nl war in .Mexico, have
ali been liberated.
At correspondence has taken place between
the Department of State and the Mexican
Alipister or t'.oreign Affairs upon the com
plaint of Mexico that citizens of the United
States were permitted to. give aid to the in
habitants of Texas in the war existing be
tween Her anu that Kepuolic. Copies of
this, correspondence are herewith communi
cated ip Congress, together with copies of
letters, on the same subject, addressed to the
Diplomatic, corps at Mexico, by the Ameri
ran Minister and the Mexican Secretary of
ataie. w
Mexico has, thought proper to, reciprocate
the mission of the, United States to that
Government by. accrediting to, this a .Minis
ter of the eanie ra;ik as that of the repre
sentaive ol (he yniled, States in .Mexico.
Fiom the circumstances, connecteil with his
mission, favorable results are anticipated
from it. It is so obviouslv for the interest
nf both countries us neighbors and friends
that all just causes of mutual dissatisfaction
should be removed, that it is to be hoped
neither will omit or delay the employment
of any practicable and. honorable means in
accomplish tuat end.
The affairs pending between this Guvern
eaeutand nevera! others of the Slates of this
hemisphere, formerly under the dominion of
Spain, have again, within the past year,
been materially obstructed by the military
revolutions anil conflicts in those countries.
The Ratifications of the Treaty between
Vh.e Uajjed, a;.d, llie Benublw .Ecuja.-
dori of the 13th of1 June, 1839, have been
exbhanged, and thai instrument has been'
duly promulgated on the part of this Go
vernment. Copies are now communicated
toiCongress with" a view to eitabfe that body
to mane sucn changes in the laws applicable
to our inteicoarse" with thai Republic, as
may be deemed requisite'.
'Provision has been made 'by the1 Go"
veinmenlol Chile for the payment of ilia
claim on account of the illegal detentloh' of
it,- u.: vv..:. n..ifi. . .nnA .
"it ""J ii aniui ai uuquilllDO,' in' lOU.
This Government has reason lo- expect thai
other claims of our citizens against Chile,
will be hastened to .a final and satisfactory'
Close; .
The Empire of Brazil hat nol been alto
gether exempt from those convulsions which
so constantly afflict the' neighboring repub
lics. Distuibarices which recently broke
out, are, however, now understood to be
quieted. But' these occurences,-by threat
ening the stability of ihe Governments, or
by causing .incessant arid violenfchangesln
them, or in the persons' who. administer
them, tend greatly to retard. provisions for-' a
just indemnity for losses and injuries suf
fered by individual subjects or citizens of
other States, Tlie Governraent bl the U.
Stales will feel ir, to be lis duty however;
to consent to no uelay; not unavoidable iri"
making satisfaction for wiongs and injuries
sustained by its own citizens. Many years
having in some cases, elapsed,, a decisive,
anu ehectual course of proceeding. will be
demarded.of the respective governments
against whom claims iiave.been preferred;?
The vexatious, harras8i'ng and expensive
war which so long prevailed with the Indian,
tribes inhabiting the peninsula of Florida;
has .happily been terminated;, .whereby our
army has, been: relieved1 from a service' of
the most, disagreeable character, and the
Treasury frem a , large expenditure,- Some,
i, , 1 .
casual ouioieaas may occur, sucn' as are
incident lo the, close proximity of border
settlers and the Indians; but these, as in all
other'c4ses,1may be left lo' the care. ,of the
local, authorities, aided, when occasion' may
tequtre, oy tne forces ol the United Slates
A sufficient number of troops will, be main
tamed in Florida, so long .'as the remotest'
apprehensions of danger 'shall exist, yet;
iiieirouues will be limited rather to the'
garrisoning of the necessary po.'ta, than to
the maintenance of active hostilities. It is
to be hoped that a territory, so long lelarded
in itsgrowth, will now speedily recover
!from, the e.vils Incident to a protracted war,
exiuoiiing, inline increased amount of Us
rich productions, true evidences of returning,
wcaitn anu. prosperity, llv the nraoiiue ol
ingiu justice, towards ilia numerous Indian
i . . t. n . . .1 ; ... L : ... . i ii
inuca icsjuicg wiiuiii uur lerruoriai iimus,i
and. the exeicise ol aiparenta"! vigilance over
their interests, proiectitnr them against
I'raud.apd intrusion, and at ihe same time
using every proper, expedient to introduce
among ;lie(n ihe arts of civilized life, we
may. fondlyc. Impel nol only to wean them-:
from Jheir.love for wariibut to inspire, them
with, a love lor peace and all its. avocations;
Wllh.seyeral.of the tribes great progress in
civiljzing them has already been ninde. .
1 he schoolmaster and the missionary are
found side by side; and the remnants, ofi
what, were once,' ,numerqtis and powerful
nations may yet be preserved as the builders
up of a new name lor themeelves and their
posterity.
The balince in the Treasury 'on the 1st
of January, 1842, (exclusive of the amount
deposited with the State. Trust Funds rnd
Indemnities; was $230, 483 68, The
receipt into the Treasury during the tluce
first quarters oftlle present year, from all
sources, amount to 926,610,593,75; of
which more than fourteen millions were
received from customs, and about one mil
lion from the public lands.- The receipts
for the fourth quarter are estimated at near
ly eight millions; of which four millions
are' expected from Customs, and three
millions and a half fiom Loans and Treat
sury notes. The expenditures of the first
three, quarters of, the present jear exceed
iweniy-vx millions; and those esti nated
for the fourth quaiter amount lo about eight
mil, ions; and. n is anticpated there wil
be a deficiency uf half a million on the 1st
of lanuary next but that the amount of
outstanding warrant?(estimated ai.9800,000)
will leave an actual balance of .8224,000 ini
tha Treasury. Among ihe, expenditures ol
the year, are more ih(n eight, millions for,
the 'public debt,, arid 9600,000 on account
of the distiit ution to Ihe, .S.lata. of the ppi
ceeds of sales of the public Jani8.
The present tariff of duties was some
what hastily and hurriedly passed near the
close of the late session o Congress, That
it should have defects cap, ihefefore, be
surprising to no one. To remedy such
defecis as may be found to exist in -many 1
rt.- . ...in !"!,
oj us numerous orovis ons. wm 1101 isn io.
clain voui serious atteniion. It mav wall
merh.cnaiiirv. whether the exaction of" alrfonnfien repealed; rhV no- tyMsnv of legisV ,
duties. in caah;doe8,uit call for,lle innoduc
SW Qf. a syitem, whjjrip'hss froei highly
beneficial 'Where if h'as' teen adopted; I '
refer td the? Warehousing System3 The
first and moat prominent effect rwhich'ii'f
would produce would.be Id perfect the mar-ii
ket alike against rebiihdant or deficient sup-3
plies of foreign fabrics both of 'which? Ira
the long run, are injurious as well loathe"
manufactures as the' importer! 'The' quan
tity of goods In store'- being at'alL'timesI
readily known, it would enable' 'the impor
ter with an approach to' 'aeeorjr,to g,
certairi "lhe,aciusl wants of the1 market,)
arid lo regulate himself accordingly 'If
however, he should fall into error, by- im-'
porting an excess abova the public, wants,
he could readily correct iU'e'vil'by" avail
ing himself of the benefits 'and advantages'
of the system ihus estsbliohed. In . thai!
storehouse, the - goods;' importsd'.wouldl
await the; demands of, the marke'l,,and4hsiri
issues would be governed by the fixed,prin-i
ciples of . demand and1 sup'ply.i Thiiss ari?
approximation would be made to'al steadi-i
ness and uniformity of price; which',1 itJ at-(
tainable, would conduce to the. decided!
advantage of mercantile and mechauical op
erations; u I i t o 11
The apprehension7 may be . well ientet-4
lained that without something to amelior-
ate the, rigor of 'cash .payments, Ihe entire
import trade may .fall into the hands, of a
a few wealthy capitalists in this country, and r
ir. Europe; sThe small importer; who re-,
quires all thei rnoney he can raise for' invck;
menta abroad; ind. who can but ill afford tc
pay ihe loweit'duty .would .have to sBbdiictl
in. advance, apportion of hit funds' in brdefi
,io pay the duties', and would lose the-interest
upon the amoniitgiiui.paid for. all the
.time thet goods mighi remain unsold.whieh
rnight absorb his- profits. ' Thee rich capi
talist abroad,-as -well .as.iat hom; would
thus possess, afttr-a short timeo, an almost
exclusive monopoly of ihe. import trade,
and laws designed for, ,lhe benefit ef .all.
would thus operate for the . benefit of lh
few, a result wholly uncongenial, with thej
spirit, of our institutions, 'and anti-re
publican jn all its. tendencies. The Ware
housing System would enable .the importer?
to watch,the market, and .to selrcl.'his owe'
time for offering, his... goods for .A
profitable. pption;af ihe 1 carrying tltsMfc in
articles entered for the benefit, of drawckr
must also be most, seriously affected, with
out the adopt of some, expedient to, reljev
the, cash" system,, Th vyarehousing Sysj
tern would,afford. lh.at relief, since thecir
rfer would liaye a safe recourse io the pub
lic, storehouses, audmight, without advanc-.j
ing ,tho(,du'ty, re.ship yithin, some reasona'
bly period to, lorejgn ports.- A further effect
of measure. ;woufd be to . siiperseo'e the?
sys'iem of drawbacks, thereby effcQiua11y
protecting, the Gpvernmenl agalnsS.iaudjas
ilie riehts of debenture would, not .altach.l'o .
goods. after .tfieir withdrawal from, the puJSjt'
uc.sioieg. t r
In revising the fexisling tariff of duties, !
should, you deem it proper . to ,do so at;your
present scsjton, v 1 can onlv .repeat jtie
suggestions and, recommendations which,; t
upon several occasion, have her.eqforei
felf it,to be. my, duty to offer, o( .Congress
l ite great) primary and controling interest
of the American People is union-union pot
only in the mere Iqrras ol goyeiptinenj,,
fQrmsltwllfh may be ;broker(but upipit
founded in ;an aita.chraen.t .of States and,
individuals for eapji other,' This union, ia
sentiment apd feeling can qnty k Rrf.er,r
ed by tho abnption of that course of policy
which, neither giiug exclusive; bent (lis to
somej nor imposing unnecessary- budenr
upon others.! shall consult, the .interests of
all, by pursuing a course of moderalion.ani
thereby seeking, lo harmonize public opin
ion,, and causing (he Peopje eveiy where lo
fee apd to knov that the Government
js careful of the. interests of all alike. "Nor
is there any subject in regard to whtcfl ,
rqgdf ration, connected, with a w'8e discrim
inadnn, $s more necessary than jn the im-p-nsiiinn
of duties on imports. VVhether
refj!ience be had to revenue, the primary
oiiject in the imposition of (axes, or to the
incidents which necessarily flow from therr
imposition, this is entirely true. Extrava
gant duties defeat lieir end and object, nol
only by .exciting jn the public mind an
hostility to. the manulacturing, interests, but
by inducing a system of ernrjggli'ng oi ttt.
extensive seal?." and the, practice of every
the utmost vigilance' uf Goverment cannot
effectually suppress. Ah opposite conrca,
of policy; would be attended by resells el
seritially difTurept,. ofwhich every interest
-!'-.. i -t .1
jmanufseturri would reapjmportant advan
tages., Anyii)g'Hhe,Wost .striking frl
brnsfits, would be' tliat, , derjyed fror the
eeneral aonuescenca of the country m h
supptirt, and the conse eaten permanency
1 ....u:i:. ...... 1.1 i. t-
aim iiUMr i uuim ud hiuh n
the onerathi.is of industry, It cannot be-
Anion can be wjse which la ffuting and I
1 uncertain. Na.imeresUin thrive tindsr it.
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