newfl of the English harvo t, not on much
from motives of commendable sympathy,
but fearful lest its anticipated failure should
narrow the field of credit there. Docs not
tht speak volumes to the patriot? Can a
system be beneficial, wise, or just, which
creates greater anxiety for interests depen
dent on foreign credit, than for the general
prosperity of our own counliy and the pro-
-fittiblo exportation of the surplus produce of
our labor?
The circumstances to which I have thus
mlvcrted nppcar to ine to afford weighty
Reasons, developed by lato events, to bo ad
ded to those which I liavo on former occa
yeions ufrorod, when submitting to your bet-
f ter knowledge and uiscornmcni the propri-
ety ol separating ine custody 01 me puoiie
money from banking institutions. Nor has
i. any thing occurred to lessen, in my opinion,
the force of what lias been heretofore urged.
"The only ground on which that custody can
be desired by tlio banks, is profitable use
which ihcv mav make of the money. Such
tiso would" bo regarded in individuals as a
breach of trust, or a erimo of great magni
tude, and yet it may be reasonably doubted
'Whether, first and last, it is not attended with
Tunrc mischievous consequences, when per
mitted to the former than to the latter. The
practice of permitting the public money to
be used by its keepers as here, is believed
to be peculiar to this country, and to exist
scarcely any where else. To procure it
Iig.c, improper influences are appealed to;
xinwise connexions are established between
the Government and vast numbers of pow
erful state institutions; other motives than
the public good aru brought to bear both on
the .Executive and Legislative departments,
and selfish combinations, leading lo special
legislation, arc formed. It is made the in
tetest of banking institutions and their stock
holders throughout the Union to uso their
exertions for the incieaso of taxation and
the accumulation of a surplus revenue; and
while -my excuse is afforded, the means arc
'furnished for those excessive issues whii-h
lead to extravagant trading and speculation.
and arc this forerunners of a vast debt a
brnnd. and a suspension of the banks at
home.
Itnptesscd. ihercforo,a I am, with the pro
pricty of the funds of the Gov't being with
drawn from the private use of either hank?
or individuals, and the public money kept
by duly appointed public agenls; and be
lieving, as I do, that such also is the judg
ment which discussion, reflection, and ex
perience have produced on the public mind,
I leave the subject with you. It is, at all
events, essential lo ihe interests of the com
munity and the business of the Government,
that a derision should bo made.
Most ol the arguments that dissuade us
from employing banks in the custody and
disbursement of the public money apply,
with equal force, to the receipt of their notes
for public dues. The dilFercnrc is only in
form. In one instance the Government is
a creditor for its doposites, and in tlio oth
er for the notes it holds. They afford the
tame opportunity for using the public mon
eys, and equally lead to all the cils attend
ant upon it, since a bank can as safely ex
tend its discounts on a deposite of its notes
in the hands of a public officer as one made
in its own anils. On the o.hcr hand, it
would ivo lo the Government no creator
security; for, in case of failure, the claim
of thu noteholder would be no belter than
that of a depositor.
I am aware that the danger of inconven
ience to the public, anil unreasonable press
ure) upon the sound hanks have been urged
ns objections to requiring iho payment of
. the revenue in gold and silver. These ob-
icetions have been grjatly exnggera.cu
From the best estimates wo may safely fix
the amount ol specie in the country ai
c'mhtv-fivo millions of dollars, and the por-
tiou ol that WHICH wohiii uo cmpioycu at
any one lime in the receipts ami disburse
incuts of t;ie Government, even if the
proposed change were made at once, would
not, it is believed now. auer inner iineaii
nation, exceed four or live millions. Ii the
chamre were eradual, several years would
elapse before that sunt would be required
with annual opportunities in me mean umo
to alter the law should experience prove it
to bo oppressive or inconvenient. 1 lie por
lions of the community on whose business
thu chaiiLn would immediately operate, are
comparatively small, nor is it bclieed that
its effect would be in the least ipijusl or in
jurious to ihem.
In the payment of duties, which consti
into bv far the creator portion of the reve-
nun, a very largo proportion is derived from
foreign commission nouses ami uponis 01
foreign manufacturers, who sell the goods
consigned lo them, generally at auction, and
-after paving the dunes out ot tlio avails, re
mil tlio rest abroad in specie or lis equiva
lent. That the amount ot duties snoiiui, 111
Ein-li cases, be retained in specie, can hard
lv tin inailu a mailer of complaint. Our
own importing merchants by whom the
residue ol the duties is paw, are inn miry
peculiarly interested in maintaining n sound
. piirrencv: which tlio measure in question
will panficiallv nromote. bill are, from tlio
nature of their dealings, best able to know
when spceio will bo needed, mid to procure
it with ihe least difficulty or sacrifice. He
siding too, almost universally in places
M-hero the revenue is received, and where
the drafts used by the Government for its
disbursements must concentrate, they have
every nppnittiuitv to obtain and uso them in
place or specie should it bu for their interest
or convenience. Oflho uuinber of these
.drafts, and the facilities they may afford, as
well us tho rapidity with wind! to puouc
funds Tito drawn and disbursou, an idea may
bo formed from the fact that, of nearly twen
ty millions of dollars paid to collectors and
received during the present year, the aver
age amount in their hands at one it ine has
not exceeded a million and a half; and of
the fifteen millions received by the collector
of Now York alone, during tho ptcsent
year, the average amount held by him, sub
ject to draft, has been less man half a mill
ion. The caso and safety of the operations of
the Treasury in keeping tho public money,
are promoted by the application of its own
drafts lo Ihe public dues. The objection
arising from having them too long outstand
ing, might bo obviated, and they yet made
to afford to merchants and batiks holding
them an equivalent for specie, mul in that
way greatly lessen the amount actually required-
Still lees inconvenience will attend
tlio requirements of specie in purchases of
public lands, buch purchases, except when
matin on speculation, arc, in general, but
single transactions, rarely repealed by tho
same person; and it is a fact, that for the
last year and a half, during which the notes
of sound banks have been received, more
than a moiety of these payments has been
voluntarily made in specie, being a larger
pioportioit than would iiavo been required
in three ycais under thu graduation pro
posed' It is moreover a principle than which
none is betler settled by experience, that
the supply of the precious metals will al
ways be iound adequate for the uses for
which they arc required. They abound in
countries where no other currency is allowed,
In our own States, wiiero small notes are
excluded, gold and silver supply ihcir place.
When driven to their hiding places by bank
suspensions, a little firmness in ihe com
munity soon restores ihem in a sufficient
quantity for ordinary purposes. Postage
and oilier public dues have been collected
in coin without serious inconvenience, even
in States where n depreciated paper curren
cy has existed for years, a. id thi3, with the
aid of Treasury notes for a part of the lime
was done without interruption during the
suspension of 1837. At the present mo
ment, the receipts and disbutscments ot the
General Government aie mado in legal cur
rency in tlio largest ponton ot mo union ;
no one suggests a dcparluiu from tins rule,
and if it can now be successfully carried
out. it will surely be attended with even less
difficulty when bank notes are again re
deemed with specie.
Indeed, 1 cannot Hunk that a serious ob
jection would any where be raised to tho
receipt and payment ol gold ami siivct in
all public transactions, were it not from an
apprehension that a surplus in the Treasu
ry might withdraw a large portion of it from
circulation, and lock it up unpiolilably in
the public vaults It would not, in my o
piniun, be difficult lo prevent such an in
convenience from occurring; but the authen
tic statements whicti 1 have already sub
mitted to you in regard lo the actual amount
in the public Treasury at one time during
the period embraced in them, and the little
probability of a different state of the Treas
ury Jbr years to come, sceni to render it un
necessary to dwell upon it. Congress,
moreover, as I have before observed, will
in every j ear have an opportunity lo guard
against it, should the occurrence of any
circumstance lead us to apprehend an inju
ry from this source. Viewing the subject
in all its aspects, I cannot believe that any
period will be more auspicious '.ban tho pre
sent for the adoption of all measures neces
sary to maintain the sanctity of our own ell
gagemenrs, and lo aid in securing to the
community that abundant supply of ihe
precious metals which aids so much to their
piosperity, and gives such increased stabil
ity to their dealings.
In a country so commercial as ours, banks
in some form will probably always exist;
but this serves only to render it tho moro
incumbent on us, notwithstanding the dis
CDUiage uents of ihe past to strive in our
respective stations lo mitigate the evils they
produce to laku from them, as rapidly as
ihe public faith and a careful consideration
of the immediate interests of the commu
nity will permit, tho unjust character of
monopolies; to check, so lar as may be
practicable by prudenl legislation these
temptations of interest and those opportu
nities for their dangerous indulgence, which
beset them on every side, and to confine
them strictly to the performance of their
paramount duty, that of aiding ihe opera
tions or commerce, rather than consulting
their own exclusive advantage. These and
other salutary reforms rnay.il is believed,
bo accomplished without the violation of
any of the great principles of the social
compact, tho observance of which is hides
pensablc to its existence, or iuic'rfering in
any way with the useful and profitable em
ployment of real capital.
Institutions so framed havo existed and
still exist elsewhere, giving to commercial
intercourse all necessary facilities, without
inflating or depreciating the currency, or
stimulating speculation. Thu? accomplish
ing their legitimate ends, thoy have gained
tho surest guarantee for their protection and
encouragement in the good will of tho com
munity. Among a people so just as ours
tho same results could not fail to attend a
s.milar comse. Tlio direct supervision of
tho banks belongs, from the nature of our
Government, to tho States who authorize
them. It is to thoir Legislature that llie
peoplo must mainly lookifor action on that
subject. Hut as tho conduct of tho Feder
al Government in tho management of its
revenue has also a powerfuj though Jess im-
fttedinlo influence upon mcni; It becomes I
our duty to see that a proper direction is
given to it. While tho keeping of the pub
lic revenue in a separate and independent
Treasury, and of collecting it in gold and
silver, will have a salutary influence on the
system of paper credit with which all banks
are, connected, and thus aid those that ore
sound ami well managed, it will at the
same time sensibly checR such ns arc oth
erwise, by ut oico witlioldiig ihu means
of extravagance afforded by the public
funds, and restraining them from excessive
issues of notc3 which they would be con
stantly called upon lo redeem.
I am awaie it has been uiged llmt this control
may be best attained and excited by means of a Na
tional Dunk. Tliu Constitutional objections which
f urn well known to rntcrUtn, would present me In
any event from proposing or assenting lo that re
medy; but in addition to 111 is, I cannot, after past
cxpeiiencc, bring myself to think llial it can uny
longer bo regarded ns effective for such a purpose.
The history of tho late National 13ank through all
its mutations shows that it was not so. On the
contrary, it may, after a careful consideration of the
subject, be, I think, safely stated, that ovnry period
of In liking excess it took the lead; that in 1817, and
1810, in 182a. in 1231, and in 1831, its vast cxpan
sions, followed by distressing contraction;, led to
those of the State institution.!, It swelled and mad
dened tho tides of the banking system, but seldom
allayed, or palely directed them. At n few periods
only was a salutary control exercised, but an eager
desire, on the contrjry, exhibited for profit in the
firt place; and if, afterwards, its measures were sc
vcro towards other institutions it was because its
own Rifely compelled it to adpt them. It did not
dilfcr from them iu principle or in fo.-in; iti meas
ures cminatcd from the same spirit of gain; it felt the
same temptation to overissues; it fullered from, and
was totally unable to avert, tiiav incilnllo laws of
tiade, by which it was itself affected equally with
them; and at least on one occasion, at an early day,
it was saved only by extraordinary exertions from
the same file that attended the weakest institution
it intended to supervise. In 1837, il failed, equally
with others, in redeeming Its notes, though the two
years allowed by its charter for that purpose had not
expired, a largo amount of which ri mains to the
present lime outstanding, tt is true that having so
vast a capital, and strengthened by the use of all
the revenues of Ihe Government, it possessed more
power; but while it was itself, by that cirmstaiice,
fired from tho control which all banks require, its
paramount objeeta end inducements were left the
same to malic the mast for its stockholders, not to
regulate tho currency of (ho country. Nor lias it,
as far as we arc advised, been greatly otherwise
elsewhere. The national character given to tho
Hank of England, has not prevented excessive flue
Illations in their cunency, and it proved unable to
keep oil a suspension ot specie pivmcnt', which
lasted for near a quarter of a century. And why
should we expect it to be otherwise! A national
intilution, though deriving its charier from a differ-
cnt source from the state banks, is yet contituted
upon the same principle-'; is conducted by men e
qually exposed to temptations; and is liahlo to the
same disasters, with the additional disadvantage
that its magnitude oreasions an extent of coufusun
and distress which the management of smaller insti
tutions could not produce. It can scaicly ho doubt
ed tint the recent supension of tho United Stales
Uank of l'ennsylvuui.i of which the effects arc not
felt in that statu ulonc.but ocr half the Uniondisd its
origin iu a course of business commenced while it
was a n itional institution; it there is no good reason
for supposing that the same consequences would
not have lollowcd hid it still derived its powera
from the General Government. It is in vain when
the influence; and impulses are the same, lo look
for a dill'erenco in conduct or results. By such cre
ations, we do therefore but increase the inasa of pa
per credit and paper currency( without checking
their attendant evils and fluctuations. The extent
of power and the efficiency of organization which
we give, bo far from being bciicfn'ial, are in practice
positively injurious. They strengthen the chain
of dependence throughout the Union,subjcct all parts
more certainly to common disaster, and bind every
bank more effectually, iu the first instance, to those
of our commercial cities, a'ld, in tho end, to a fo
reign power. In a word, I cannot but believe that
with the full understanding of the operations of our
banking system which experience has produced,
publicsentimpnt is not leu opposed to the creation
of a National Hank for purposes connected wilh the
ruriPncy mul commerce, than for those connected
with the fiical operations of the Government.
Yet the coitttncrci- and currency of the
country are suffering' evils from the opera
tions o'f the State banks which cannot and
ought not to bo overlooked. By their
means, wo have been flooded with P depre
ciated paper, which it was evidently UiO dn
simi of the framers of the Constitution to
prevent, when ilicy required Congress to
" coin money and regulate the value of fo
reign coins," and when they forbade the
Stales " to coin inonev, emit bills of credit,
make any thing but gold or silver a tender
in payment of debts," or " pass any law
repairing the obligations of contracts. If
they did not nuaid more explicitly against
llie present stale of things, it was because
they could not havo anticipated that the few
banks then existing wero to swell to an ex
tent which would expel to so great a degree
the gold and silver, for which they had pro
vided, from the channels of circulation, and
fill them with a currency that defeats the
objects they had in view. Theromcdy for
this must chiefly rest with the States from
whose legislation il has sprung. No good
that might accrue in a particular case Irnm
iho exercise of powers not obviously con
ferred on the General Government, would
authorize its interference, or justify a course
that might, in tho slightest degree, increase,
at the expense ol the States, the power of
the Federal authorities nor do I doubt that
the States will apply the remedy.
C Canclud'd oil fourth page,J
THE Subscriber offers for sale tho
TWO STOUV FRAME
DWELLING HOUSE
and lot on which ho resides, situated in
Market street in nioomsburg. There is a
smalt barn on tho premises. Possession
given the first of April next.
JOSEPH STOUFFER.
Dleornsburfr, Nov. 30 1830. 31 tf.
$222
THE COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT.
"THUTIl WIT1IOCT TEAn '
tt.irtrnD.il, MAr.ittl-t, lsirt.
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1840.
For Piti:siDiiNT,
MARTIN VAN BIjREN.
Fob. Vice PuiIsIdeS'T,
RICHARD M. JOHNSON
AND Tilt.
CONSTITUTIONAL TREASURY.
Wc this week publish tht President's
Message entire, lo the exclusion of almost
every thing else, knowing the anxiety of
the public lo see tt. It is a sound able
document, and ivill tic read with inttrcit,
instruction and profit by every lovsr of his
country, the assertion of our " so sou
neighbor lo the contrary notwithstanding.
JP'c inadvertantly neglected lo mention
in our last, that Samuel Creasy, Esq. of
Mifflin, had been appointed Deputy Mar
shal for this county.
The Legitlalurc convenes at Ilarrisburg
next Tuesday,
MARRIED By Isaac IV. Musgravc
Esq. on the 22( ult. Mr. SAMUEL
h'H.LER, to Miss ELIZABETH E
FANS, both of Fishing Creek toivnship
in this county'.
Bu the Rev. D. S. Tobias, on the 2f
inst.Mr. CHARLES WALTERS, of
Milton, Northumberland county, to Miss
RACHEL GE B II All D of Berk s county.
Bv the same, on the iamc day, Mr.
REUBIN M1LLRR of Miff.inville, to
Miss HILL, of Berwick.
THE Partnership in the FOUNDRY
BUSINESS, at Bloomsuttrg, licrctpjorc
conducted under the firm of L. II. MA US
ty- Co-, ts this day dissolved by mutual
consent. All debts, dues ana demands a
gainst said firm will be paid by Lewis H-
jviaus, ana lie is iicrcuy aumorizeu to coi'
lect all debts due lo the saidjirm.
LEWIS II. MAUS,
DAVID PETRIIUN,
JACOB B. MAUS,
Jan 2, 1810
The business at the BLOOMSBURG
FOUNDRY will be hereafter conducted
bu the subscribers under thvjirm of 1 II,
! .. B. Maus, All orders punctually
executed in their tine nj business,
LEWIS II. MAUS,
JACOB 1J. MAUS.
Bloomsburg, Jan 2, 19 10.
LIST OF LETTERS
Remaining in the Post Office at Bloonisbtirg
at the end of iho quarter ending on tho
31stdav oi December, 1830
Allen John,
DIocksledge John
Diddenhautcr John,
llcvro llenjainiii,
Cornilison Isaac,
Crivlling Andrew 2,
Cofl'man Mofes,
Cornclison Mary E.
Colo Elislm,
Ulymcr Ucnjomm II.
Doau Jane,
Pry John,
llartman George,
Hindbock Henry,
Hesiet Adam C.
Hartman Joseph,
Krcag Augustus,
Krooti John,
Kahlcr Charles Hq.
Keller Mary,
Kubn Isaac Capt.
ICretler Jasper,
I.eitjht Mr.
Leiby Jacob,
Moycr Suscann,
MeCluro Joseph,
mcariuey uanicij
Mau1! Samuel G.
Merrill Hcnjumin,
Kttrigcsser Jncnbj
Public Daniel,
Palmer Margaret,
l'incr Isaac,
Itccdy Simon,
Shipman Jacob,
Slater William,
Know Willard,
Smith Horace,
Sticker Michel,
Snyder Daniel,
Thornton l'hehe,
Thornton Savina,
"Williams David,
Worner Jacob,
"WortcM Auron,
Weir Thomas,
Widower Susnnnah 2,
Williti Martha,
Wells Sedgwick,
Winner John,
Wright William,
crllo Obti.
11. KUl'EKT, P. M.
Jan. 1, 1810.
Those inquiring for any of the above let
ters will please say it is advertised.
MILES COMPOUND EXTRACT
TOMATO ?2LLS3
For Sale at
Tobias1 Health Emporium
Window, Clock and picture glass of all
kinds and sorts; also, vials and.bottles of all
descriptions; and best earthen jugs, for sale
cheap, at tho Health Emporium by
D, S, Tebiai in Bloomtburg.
PROPOSALS
WILL be received by the subscriber unt
Id Suh set Of Friday, tho lUth day of Jan
uary. 1810, at tho hottSd of C. Doeblcr, in
Hloomsbufg, for the delivery of the follow
fug bill of Timber at Lock Nov 4 in DIotjnis
burg, North Branch Canah
tf'hite Oak.
1 pieeo squire, lo by 12 inch, 40 feet 2 Inch loh(j
C dd. lie. 10 by 18 do; 40 do. 2 do. do.
8 de. do. 10 liy 13 do; 04 do; 2 do, do:
While Oak, Pine of Hemlock.
4
8
:t
04
l
4
3
4
A
0
do. flailed, 10 hV 12 do; 40 dd. 2 'do. dd.
do. do. 10 bv 12 do. 3T do. 6 do. doi
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do;
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Jo;
10 by 12 do. 31 do. 0 do. do.
10 by 13 do. 33 do. 6 do. do;
10 by 13 do. 42 do. 0 do. do'.
10 by 12 do. 51 do. G do. do.
10 by IS- dd. 04 do. G do. do.
lo by 12 do. 51 do; C do, do;
While Oah
dd.sthiarcd 10 by t2 do. 5 1 idi (5 do.
do. do. 10 by 12 do. 22 do.
do;
do;
Ao
dd
do
dd
do
do
dd
dd
do
dd
do
do.
do.
do
dd
dd
do
do
dd
do
dd
do
del
dd.
dd
dd
dd
do
dd
dd
dd
dd
do
8 by IB do, 33 Uo.
8 by 10
8 by 10
10 by 10
do
t dd
dd
do
do
dd
d6
dd
dd
do
do.
10 dd
10 dd
11 do
11 do
It dd
2"2 dd
22 dd
5 dd
11 do
8 do
8 do
8 do
8 do
19 by 18
10 by 19
4 by 13
t2 by 12
lb by 10
10 by 10
10 by 10
5 )d
6 do
000 feel Lineal meaSura While Oak Scant
llnrr. d bv 6 inches.
4.02o feet 3 Inch White Pine Plank.
0,400 feet 2 inch While Pine Plank;
2,000 iwo inch boards. .
1 Uallance beams 12 by 12 inches al onS
end ami 18 by 18 inches at the omercnui
Whh OaL
8 piece.:! snudrcd 12 by 13 inch, feet 0 inch lonaj
12 do do 10 by 10 do 9 do 9 do iw
12 do do 0 by 10 do 3 feet long
do
do
dd
dd
Co
do
dd
do
l2by Id do 14 feet3inchslonaJ
12 by 13 do 13 feet long;
12 bv 12 do 17 feet 0 hirheslonj
13 by 1!? do 1G fcetO inches long
00 feet 1 inch white oak Plank.
The white oak Timber to be Sound, freo
from Sap, Shakes, or other imperfections.
JUci-'ADDlN.
DeB. 25th, 1830.
IS HEREBY GIVINti.
TO all legatees, creditors and other pet
sons interested in the estate or the respec
tive decedents and minors, that theadnums
iration accounts of the said estates havo.
been filed in the Office of the Register of
the county of Columbia, und will be pre
sented for confirmation and allowance id
the Orphan's Court, to be held at Danville'
in and for the county aforesaid, on Tues
day, the 20th of January next, at 2 o'clock.
P.'M.
1st. First supleliiontary account of Sam
uel Carpenter, Executer of the last will and
testament of Reuben Liuidy, late of Green
wood township deceased.
2d. Tbt! account of Daniel and Jacob
Mcssersclutiidt, administrators of the estatr
of Daniel Mcsscrsnbmidti sen.j lafeofLi
bcr'y township deccasedi
3d. The account of John and Daniel
Boyer, Executors of the last will and testa
ment of John Boyer, sen. late of Roaring
creek townsl.ipj deceased'
'lib. First supplementary account of Al
exander Mears, executor of the last will ana
testament of Daniel Hatne late of Caltawu
sa township, deceased.
Stb. The account of Michael Sander's and
Jacob Scchler, jun., executors of the last
will and testament of John Sanders, lato of
Mahoning township, deceased.
0th. The account of James MoBridej
administrator, &c of the estate of Dein
nick McBride, late of Dcrry township, do
ceased.
PHILIP' billSIeyer.
Register:
ftcoisTEns OrrirJE, Danville, ?
Dee. 13, 1830, $
SEVERAL thousand first quality of
Brick for sale at the old establishment iri
Bloomsburg.
NoviSO 1830;
Estate of ANDREW SEYBERT, late
of Bloom township, Columbia county
deceased.
NOTICE is hereby given, that letters
testamentary have been granted to the sub--scriber
upon the abovo estate, All person
indebted to said estate arc required to mako
immediate payment, and those having
claims or demands against the same, to
present them for settlement, duly authentU
caled according to law, to
HENRY D. LONG, Adm'r.
Dee. I f, 1830. 33
School '.Teachers Wanted.
Wanted immediately iri Madison School
Distuct, 4 or 5 School Teachers. Good
wages will be given to good Teachers, upJ
on application to"
SAMUEL KlSNER, Secrciury.
Madison, Dec, 7, 1839
Christmas; &ifi,
STORY BOOKS for a Gift at Christ
mas, for sale at
Tibias Iicaitjh Emporium