pi"
THE INTELLIGENCE OF ANIMALS
In Iho forests of Tartary ami South A
merica wnerc live wild horse is grcgarotis,
there are herds ol five or six hundred
which being ill-prepared for fighting, or in
deed for any resistance, anil knowing, that
tneir saiety is in llignt, when thoy sleep,
appoint one in rotation who acts as sentinel
while the rest are asleep. If man approach
es, the sentinel walks towards him as if to
tcconnoiler, or see whether he can be de
terred from coming near; if the man contin
ues, no neigiis aloud and in a peculiar tone
which rouses the herd, all gallop away, the
sentinel bringing up the rear. Nothing
can be more judicious or rational than this
arrangement, simple as it is. So a horse
belonging to a smuggler at Dover used to
uu i.iueu witu run spirits, anu sent, on tne
road, unattended, to reach the rendezvous.
V lion he descried a soldier, ho would jump
uff 'he highway, and hide himself in a
ditch, and, when discovered, would fight
lor nis loaa. i he cunning ol foxes is pro
verbial; but I know not if it was ever more
remarkably displayed than m the Duke
of Ueaufort's country, where reynard, be
ing hard pressed, disappeared suddenly
anu was alter a strict search, lounu im-
merseedin a water pool up to tho very
snout by which he held a willow-bough
hanging over Uie pond. The cunning of a
dog, which Sergeant Wildo tells mc of, as
Known to him, is at least equal. Ho used
to be tied up, as a precaution against hunt
ing sheep. Ai night he slipped his head out
01 tne collar, and returning bclore dawn
put on the collar again, in order to conceal
his nocturnal excursions. Nobody was
more familiary with various animals (be
sides his great knowledge of his own spe
cies) than my excellent, learned and ingc
nious friend, the Sergeant ; and ho posses
ses many curioos ones himself. His anec
dote of a drover's dog is striking, as he
gave it to me, when wo happened near this
place, to meet a drovo. The man had
brought seventeen out of twenty oxen from
a field, leaving the remaining three there
mixed with another herd. He then said to
the dog, "Go fetch them;" and he went
and singled out those very three. The
Sergeant's brother, however, a highly re
spectable man lately Sheriff of London,
lias a dog that distinguishes Saturday night,
from the practice of tying him up for the
Sunday, which he dislikes. He will es
cape on Saturday night, and return on Mon
day morning. The Sergeant himself has
a gander, which was at,a distance from the
goose, and, hearing her make an extraordi
nary noise, ran back and put his head into
the cage, then brought back the goslins one
by one, and put them into it with the moth
er, whose separation from her brood had
occasioned her clamor. He then returned
to the place whence her cries had called
him. A swallow had slipped its foot into
the jioosa ofa..cord attachpd to - opom n
the College des Quatre Nations at Paris,
and by endeavoring to escape, had drawn
the knot tight. It strength being exhausted
in vain attempts to fly; it uttered piteous
cries; which assembled a rast flock of oth
er swallows from a largo basin between tho
Tuileries and Point Neuf. They seemed
to crowd and consult together for a little
while and then one of them darte'd at the
string, and struck at it with his beak as he
flew past; and others following in quick
succession did the same part, till, after con
tinuing this combined operation for half an
hour, they succeeded in severing the cord,
and freeing their companion. They all
continued flocking and'hovering till night;
only instead of the tumult and agitation in
which they had been at their first assem
bling, they were chattering as if without
any anxiety at all. but conscious of having
succeeded. Lord Brougham? Disserta
tions on Science.
COMPENDIUM OF HISTORY.
Varieties: The human family is divi
ded into different nations, which are scat
tered abroad upon tho face of the earth, and
exhibit several varieties of form and color.
These divisions are five in number. The
European or white race the Tartar or
Monsful the Malau the ,Q Mean or Kc
gro and the American, or copper colored
race.
1st. The European race is distinguish
cu ny mo elegance oi us lorm, anu by a
forehead more or less broad and prominent;
indicalive of a considerable portion of brain
i.i the front part of the skull; tho skin is,
however fairer: the hair and eyes lighter in
color, in the most temperate climates than
towards the south. This race includes all
the inhabitants of Europe, (except the Lap
landers and Finns,) and the decendanls of
Europeans in America, and other portions
of tho world. It also embraces the inhab
itants of the western temperate parts of
Asia, as far as tho Oby, tho Caspiap Sea,
the Ganges, and those of the northern parts
of Africa, viz: the people of Barbary,
Egypt and Abyssinia, and the Moors of
Northern Africa.
2d. The Tartar orMoncrul race, is char
acterized by a yellow skin; straight black
hair; square heads; large flat face; small
and flat noses; round and prominent cheeks;
and pointed chin; This variety includes
all the nations in Asia, cast nf the Oby,
Caspian, and Ganges, excepting Malacca.
It also embraces the tribes which
inhabit the frigid zones in both tho eastern
and western continents, including tho Lap
landers, Sumoiedes, Ostiacs, Tungusses,
Yakuts, Tsehutskis, and Kamsliadales of
Siberia, and the Esquimaux and Greenland-r.
3d. The Malay, comprehends the inhab
itants of the peninsula of Malacca, Ceylon
the Asiatic Islands, New Zealand and Poly
ncsia, with tho exception of New Holland
New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Van
Diemon's land. This variety is character'
ized by a tawny color; black curled hair,
which is soft, thick and abundant; a promi
ncnt forehead ; thick, wide, and flattened
nose ; anu moderately projecting upper
jaw.
4th. The African or Negro variety, is
spread over western and southern Africa.
It is lound. also upon tho coasts of Mada
gascar, and occupies New Holland, Van
Dieman's Land, New Caledonia and New
Guinia. '1 his variety is characterized by
a black color; black and wooly hair; thick
lips; projecting cheek bones; laigc and flat
nose; raised chin; retreating toreliead: and
crooked legs.
5th. Tho American or copper colored
race includes all the aboriginal inhabitants
of both the Americas, except the Esqui
maux and Grccnlandcrs. This race is of
a copper color, resembling that of rusty
iron, or cinnamon; coarse straight black
hair; high cheek bones; and sunken eyes.
The forehead is usually short; the noso and
the whole countenance broad; the nostnl3
open; and the lips thick. The beard is
thin and scanty. Of the Indians it has
been affirmed that thev aro destitute of
beards; but this only occurs when the beard
has neon eradicated, at the expense ol much
industry and suffering.
AN APPALLING STHASl BOAT ACCI-
DENT.
Forty-Five Persons killed or wounded.
Slips by Express Mail, from tho ofiicc
of tho N. Orleans Bullctin,Bce, Louisiani
au and True American, furnish us with the
details of one of the most appalling steam
boat disasters that over occurred upon our
waters. One account mentions the loss of
thirty -lives, besides twenty persons scalded.
Wo proceed to give all the painful particu
lars. The steamboat George Collier,
which lay at the wharf opposite the Cus
tom House, New Orleans; left that city on
the fifth inst., between 5 and G o'clock, for
St. Louis. When near the mouth of Red
River, about 80 miles below Natchez, and
at half past 1 o'clock in tho morning, a
frightful accident occurred which proved
dreadfully destructive of human life.
1 he piston rod, which works in the cyl
inder, and by which the engine is propelled,
being attached by a key or bolt which pas
ses through the tea head gaye way, at the
rent which received the bolt, and being re
lieved from the immense weight against
which it had to struggle, was driven through
tho cylinder head, and gave free room for
tho steam to escape. The aft doors of tho
deck room were closed, consequently tho
effects of, tie.elenni Were UnrVQldable upon
the locum lenentcs. The stands were
thrown fiom under two boilers, but the
concussion was not severely experienced
on the boat. The most of those killed and
injured were in the berths, on the deck aft
tho boilers, fao soon as the accident oc
curred, many rushed forward unconsciously
in the lace of the danger, and exhaling the
heated vapour; instantly perished, or lived
to linger a few hours in indescribable mis
ery.
It is supposed that between 40 and 50
persons were scalded. The Clerk of the
Collier rates them at 41, consisting of deck
passengers, and part of the crew who had
retired or were stationed on watch.
The editors of the New Orleans Ameri
can say.
We visited the Uollier, in order to exam
ine the extent ofher damage. No'explosion
seems to have taken place but the immense
force of the sudden rupture of the piston
at the key, thereby disengaging the whole
propelling power from the machinery by
which the boat was moved, impelled from
the screws the cylinder head, &:id deranged
the boiler stans, thereby causing a current
of heated vapor to escape, which was fatal
to all who came in contact with and were
exposed to it.
Wo have scarcely ever seen a more heart
rending spectacle ; the dreadfully scalded,
yet eking out their few brief hours of mad
dening misery, who are yet on board the
Collier; all kindness is paid them that could
bo expected and which may tend to lessen
their agony. There are aged mothers,
with faces and hands and necks, and every
portion that could como in contact with the
hot air, dreadfully blistered and piesenting
a horrid spectacle, calling for their lost ones
whom they will see no more and forever.
There were strong; stalwart men, calling a
loud in their misery for their great protector
to relieve them. How noble did the fortitude
of some of the females appear! The fair
skin had been curled and crisped, & the
bright and lustrous eye had been quenched;
or tho irritation had closed up the swollen
lids and shut out the world's light. What
must have been their agony the flesh fall
ing from tho red lips themselves becom
ing of sudden soft and ready to fall and
leave the " face divine" a horrid spectacle.
Wo cannot conceive how the accident
might have been anticipated. Wo do not
remomber to have heard of ono of similar
kind. The Steamer George Washington
came down about an hour and a half after
the accident, & towed her down. Every
thing in his power was promptly rendered
by Capt. Quarrier of the Washington than
vhom there is not a more amiable,atlentive,
high minded and honorable officer on the
western waters. We take pleasure in ac
cording to Capt. Quarrier, his just deserts.
CRIME AND ITS WAGES.
An affecting scene occurred on Monday
week, in the Court of Oyer and Terminer
in this city. Tho spacious toom was crowd
ed to excess, and the solemnity of tho
Bench, consulting upon some topic of judg
ment indicated that they were about tu exe
cute an- important and unpleasant duty. In
the midst of the concourse of lawyers and
gentleman within the bar, sat an elderly
man, about 00, of genteel appearance. He
was about to be sentenced to an ignominious
punishment. His face intimated to the ob
server, that recollection of his homo, and
his largo family, were darkly aid deeply
penciling an additional agony on his heart
and ploughing a new furtow into his fere
head. He was a man of classical education, and
that always refines the feelings ; but he
was induced to enter upon the delicate and
dangerous business of dealing with life and
death and he icalizedthat the brilliant schol
ar, was incapable of catching tho healing art
by intuition. A young and erring girl fell
by his hand, and the law called it murder;
his plea of of professional duty, and of ten
der care lor her reputation availed not, ho
had done an unlawful act, and the inflexible
commentary of the law gave to the act the
aspect of the highest penal offence. The
Court, by its organ, tire President, directed
that tho prisoner stand up. Ho evidently
made the effort and again, and again, to
obey tho direction, but failed ; his agitated
frame was palsied.
11c was overheard to say to his counsel
beside him, "Foi God's sake, save me
from this ceremony." But the ancient for
mality of the law must bo complied with.
A violent effort brought him to his feet
pale, haggard and staggering, the lineaments
of his face speaking the language that im
prisonment, misery and disgrace among
men impress upon the most hardened ; the
Judge impressively prefaced a short address
to the sentence he spaied thu unhappy
man an oration of daggers, the judicial liat
was spoken he foil upon his scat unman
ned ; his tears and his sobs broke out audi
bly, lie is now in solitary confinement, at
labor, in a cell of the Francisville Jail; and
for fi e long years his earthly career is, as
t were, suspended. Who would uu a
criminal. rail. Ave. Alar.
From tho Ulobe.
" THE CREDIT SYSTEM."
We know not when wo have seen a
more striking illustration of the effects of
tho modern "Credit System" of Messrs.
Tallmadou, Rivus and Co. than is exhib
ited in the following history of the Bank
of Vicksburg from lheVieksburg(Miss.)Sen-
tinel. With a basis ol only S120 in specie
what wonders- have been wrought by this
magic "system!" The swindling of the
planters and others, first by a depreciation
of the notes and thi- iy o!foliniigiug"IDr
them otlior paper, which soon became
worthless, is but an extreme case of every
day, "fair business transactions" upon tho
approved principles of the "system:"
The Banking System in Mississippi.
A brief glance at the history of the Bank
of Vicksburg not the Railroad will illus
trate the evils of the system. This Bank
commenced operations in December, 1837
or rather her stock was subscribed in that
month, she went into the issue of her pa
per in the spring of 1838. Her bona fide
capital all told, amounted precisely to the
sum of SI 10 in silver, and one gold eagle,
making $120. A few of the leading offi
cers of tho Railroad Bank, with the aid of
their Texan loan agent and commission
merchant in New Orleans, succeeded in
getting $100,000 out of tho Canal Bank
of New Orleans, which was paying specie
in order to take the stock in tho Bank of
Vicksburg. These Canal Bank notes were
guaranteed to be returned in a short lime,
and they were so returned to the Bank to
which they belonged. The Bitiik of Vicks
burg then commenced to flood tho country
with post notes, payablo in 12 months, and
in exchange for these notes, she obtained
control of our planters' cotton. The notes
of course depreciated, and have since only
been worth about from 70 to 75 cents in
the dollar. But the Bank having got con
trol of the cotton, she drew on it, and with
these northern funds, despatched ono of
her directors to Louisville, Cineinnatti, &c.
with 50,000 dollars, to purchase produce,
pork, lard, bagging, and bale rope for tho
Bank, all of which was placed in the hands
of different merchants in Mississippi and
New Orleans, to bo sold at the highest pri
ces, rating her own paper among tho low
est river money. Willi this large amount
of funds, tho agent raised tho price of pro
visions, tzc. in Kentucky and Ohio in a
few days to 20 per cent, and of course this
increase in price was repaid by tho people
of Mississippi. All these facts wero dis
closed at tho examination by tho Bank com
missioners, and may be found in their re
port. But the balance of the history of this
Hank is still mora interesting, as illustra
ting tho injustice and outrage of the system.
Though the Bank a few months after she
commenced on 3120 capital, was ablo to
begin the produce business with fifty thou
sand dollars capital, yet when her first batch
of post notes cecom duo last March,
she refused to redeem them and the holders
were compelled to take other post notes of
tho Railroad Bank, payable at the ex
piration of another year. Now the
Railroad Bank has failed, aud tie plant
er, mechanic, and others who hold these
promises to pay, will perhaps have to sell
them to some of the bank agents at 30 per
cr nt. discount, jr whatever they will com
maud in market. A bare statement f the
ladls ol this case is enough to excilo
blush of shame on tho cheek of all who
feci for tho honor, the interest, or the hap
piness oi mo oiate. in any oilier estate l
would arouse a storm that soon would do
molish the foul system.
HUNG BY ACCIDENT.
Tho New York Dispatch states that
man in that city, named Arthur Hughes, on
Wednesday met his death in a strange man
ner. On the Coroner's Inquest it appeared
irom me testimony oi several witnesses
mat uie ucccaseu, who was employed to
work in tho stable, was found about 0 oclock
in the morning, hanging by tho neck lo
siaoie uoor, ai me rear ol the above nrem
ises. The head Was shoved through a hole
at the upper part of the door, and the bodv
hanging on the outside. From the situation
in which the body was found, it was cvi
dent that the deceased had in his endeavor
to look into tho stable, placed his feet upon
a battpn on the lower part of the door, and
nut his head through over the ton: and
while in this position his feet must have
slipped from the batton, and the top of the
door caught him by the neck in the manner
abovo described. The aperture at the top
of tho dooi was not more than 5 inches in
size, but the door could bo pulled out so as
10 mai.o more room, and when he fell
gainst it as Ins feet slipped, the weight of
Ins body necessarily closed the door, by
which means no urouo ins neck, and mus
have died instantly. The jury returned s
verdict of " accidentally hanged."
OUR IA)(A BOOK.
We understand, says tho Alexandria
Gazette, that Lt. Edwin W. Moore, late of
the United states JN'avy, has accepted tho
situation onereti mm by the Texian Gov
eminent, as Commander m Chief of the
lexian Navy.
Mr. Johnson, the Attorney General, has
filed iu the Supreme Court, an information
in the case of Judge Collins, and the Court
granted a writ of quo warranto, returnable
at Harnsburgon the 10th of Juno. The
same point is involved in this case, as was
involved In the case of Judge Darlington.
" Jim you ve been drinking." " No 1
havn't I've been looking at another man
drinking, and it was too much for me."
Jhaddeus Stevens. The Baltimore
Chronicle, like a good many of its brethren,
cannot stand the humbuggery of Stevens
and his gang. A late number of that paper
ru : 1.:. i." 1 . . '
muiica mi; luiiuwiiig mint 111s last specimen.
" A meeting was recently held in Adams
county, Pennsylvania, by which Mr. Ste-
vens.w.aa requested to ,tuUe his scat in the
legislature at its next meeting. Of course
he knew nothing; of the proceedings befoie
nana wu no. &ucn a game is too dis
gusting,"
Beef is selling at Washington city at 31
cents per pounu, anu no choice at that'
The Antimasonic State Convention as
scmbled at Ilarrisburg on Wednesday of
ia:n wcck, anu nominated an electorial tick
et pledged to support Harrison and Web
ster.
A writer, describing Aaron Burr, savs
" He glided ratner than walked; his foot
had that quiet, stealthy movement, which
involuntarily makes one think of treachery.
and in the course of a long life, I have nev
er met with a (rank and honorable man to
whom such a step was habitual.
By a resolve of tho Directors of the pub
lic schools of the Northern Liberties, Phila
delphia county, corporal punishment is for
bidden in all the schools of that district.
A scholar may bo dismissed by tho teacher
lor uau conduct until the meeting of the
committee, when an examination into the
case will be made.
The Now Orleans Times sayr "Straw
berries have been in market about four days
and they afford a pleasant and expeditious
niuue 01 spenuing money, you can get
twu quarts ior twenty-six dollars, or buy
them at retail for four cents a piece.
According to tho Cleveland (Ohio) Iler-
aiu, eieven tnousanu one hundred and thirty-nine
bushels of potatoes have been re
ceived at that port since the opening of tho
spiing navigation.
The Rov. E. T. Taylor, of Boston, in a
late prayer, beseeched " God lo pity the
speculator, the highwayman, and the loaf
pr!" He is one of the best preachers of the
day.
In Russia, if a cairiage is driven over any
person and hurt's him, tho horses are for
feited to the crown, and the driver, if a Rus
sian peasant, sentenced to be a soldier.
A boy eight years old, died at Sing Sing
Harbor lately, from inflamation of the brain,
caused by standing on his head. This is a
pernicious practice not uncommon among
boys.
Thero are thrco gentlemen to one lady
in St. Louis. We hope some of tho ladies
or the old Bay State, where there is three
ladies to one gentleman, will take pity on
St. Louis and migrate.
Has the Grand Jury broken t.p? inquired
ono friend of another. "I don't know
nor do 1 care they owe mc nothing," was
the roply. " You aro not certain of that,"
remarked a byestandcr, " thoy may have a
11V n mtt not win 11
The Solem (Mass.) Gazette speaks nf
..moi.111. preacner HOW labor lire in . 1.
. buh1UUu, who noius lorlli at a rem
llimtiln ""''l
Coulcrfcils.S. brace oXscoundrcls Iu,
been taken in the Northern Liberties.!'!,;
adcln 11a. bavin in il...i. ' "
uugia.cu uuumcnuit live 1101 ar lintna n .1.
wu.nuiciuiai iKinK 01 lin limori.. .l
cnnsyivania uanit-oi that city. Ths !
natures are well executed. 0
The public curiosity of Lnnrln 1...
Kwudtu wnii a sineu ar nvh h 1 n.. 11 ..
mo - .ucu.ucooian. n is a mac 1 nn I,.,.
cu uy steam, anil divided into varion p.
iui mc ij.m;iiiiig 01 birds by art!
ficial heat. Tlicrn 1.4 H lid innll.n. 1
niHltlAtll. IB llin I.... ,1 . t 1 1
in which cegs 01 every date from ih. .:. '
of thuir being laid until 21 days old, are so
t-.uu .1 Duong Hgm renders them
transparent, and the spectator can obsertg
iiiu nuuiu piuucss 01 liatcilflg.
Prolific. JflSnnll llrnmn. Ttr 1 .
ton township, a few days since, had a Ew
that brought forth five living lambs three
ui lutiii uiu ui4iiir wen.
A l-.l.. . .
.auy m me same township was blci
with triblets. This Washington township
cnmmnml Nnmn nf r. m..i.: 1.. r .
,.. ... r... .1 1 ... . .
...w v.. win .iiumuuuius Inn 1-
" ul " tnousanu cuttings 111 thatquar-
The family of Smiths is incrcasiw.
The wife of a Mr. Smith, residing at ifecr
ing, in New Hampshire, lately gave birth
lo four children !
A dwelling house was consumed hv C.
on the morning of the 5th ult., in the vil
lage of Cnstile, Gcnricssco county, N. Y. in
which 3 children perished in Ihe flames. The
mother of the children had barely time i
escape with an infant iu her arms, while-
tho fiimnr mmlo liio wnf tnfin.L .1 i
ber where tho children slept, but was pre
vented from entering by the falling sf ih9
robf. The cause ol this distrcssimr v,.t
iiw .iu .vwiiiua 1111; u nm.
was leaving ashes in a wooden vessol.
Jl Loner Line. On the 11th ult..
was lying between Little Falls aud Herki
mer, JN. 1 . awaiting the repair of a breach
in the Erie Canal, a line of canal boats tei
miles in length. It is supposed it would
require a fortnight to get them throgh tho
locks.
What are you iumninir after there !"
said a schoolmaster to an urchin who stood
up to his eyes in a shirt collar. "I want
to spit, sir, and I was iumninr? un to trr tn
spit over my dicky."
Two buildings in St. Louis, which a
short time since cost SI 1.000. now rent for
S18,0uT) per annum.
A VOlltll of 15 Years nf sai. bog ky.r
found guilty of robbing the mail atSt.Louis.
A fellow was lately robbed in PhilaiVl."
phia, while in the act of pickinrhis neigh
bor's pocket.
A new power is cominp into operation at
the West which promises to outrival that of
steam. It is the power ef ague. One
man with a good fit upon him, it is said,
can run a saw mill. Two of course couhl
run a steamboat.
More than 50,000 cmifrants have arrived
in Iowa Territory, this spring, from tho
older states.
'My ancestorso.'rA.' in tho revolution.'
said a federal whig.
On which side did thev fiohti' asked a
bystander.
1 he whiggy cut dirt for home.
The interest of the farmer, the mechanic
and the day laborer should be consulted.
They are the staple of the nation.
Tho caso of T. W. Dvott was not deci-
ped at the last accounts.
The very last case of absent mindedness
was manifested by a gentleman who nlacml
his spectacles on one of his ears, and walk
ed sideways two miles in a violent rain
storm. Mr. Hassinger has been bound umW
bond of 30,000 for his appearance n a
further examination.
Jl man of Many Trades. Maior Nnnli
says that a man by the name of Stafford
waa tuuviciuu, in iBd i, ior passing coun
terfeit notes. It was shown on thn trial 1 W
s regular trade was a carnenler: thnt
ic had no employment in that hiiRinrw. .
hawked about patent riehts for Wnaliinir ma
chines; at other times he taught fiddling
and sometimes dancing. At other times hst
scoured old clothes, and had commanded a
coasting vessel- Finally ho took lo pas
sing counterfeit notes, and that closed hilt
career for the present.
A well was dug at Libnrin. n n,ri p ....
. . J I'M!, U
Russian dominions, to thfi ilomi. r ioo
feet in the frozen ground I Measuros aro
being taken to ascertain the depth of the fro
zen ground at Hudson's Bay, by the Lon-
linn I Jfimrfnr. 1 nnl CJ 1 - . -r .
don Geogroplucal Socjnty. At York facto
ry, lot. 57 Sir John Franklin ascertained
that tho summer thaw ponotratedonly threo
feet, and on the shores of tho Great Bear,
only 22 inches. '
The Southern Cultivator rivn il. fl
owing recipe for making tahln
make a cheap and wholesemo table beer,
lake 8 bottles of water, 1 quart of molases,
P.ntoiycasui table spoonful of cream
tartar, ihese ingredients Ik.; tvn
tirredand mixed 1)1 an nnnn t'onanl nd-.
Stamlmrr tWPtm-.fr.nr I...... 1
jbe bottled and used immediately.