A DEMOCRAT
! have -worn upon the Altar of God, eternal hostility to every form of Tyranny over the Wind of Maa.-ThoraM i-flewon;
MINTED AND PUBLISHED BY IL WEBB
UiiOOMSailBi CJOIif MUIA COltfHTY, PA SATURDAY. MARCJtt 30, 183&
?) III. I
1
V01TI(JK OF THE DEitfOGMT,
(Next book to UoBi9oris9 SxAttii Office.
PHe COLUMBIA JJIhUOCRATibill be
published etiety Sututdntf niotning) at
k'&VO DOLLARS pet tmntnti, payable
VI f vtarlti inrJvancu ot Two Dollars
FiftgQtMss if not paid toitfiul ihcytdr.
$b subscription will lie Inkcn of tt shatter
period than iitd'itlonVix ; nOrliny diston
tiitvancc permitted) Until ult drttatages
arc dischtltged
ySnrJJRTUfP.TS t)ot rXtctdlng ft
satiate will be eonspievmsly insetted til
Om Ihllntot the it si ihfee insertions,
nnd lventi-iM cents fot every subse
quent nsettion. JA libctai 'discount
made to those lOho adtcttise hi) the year.
"LETTERS addtesscd bit business must
be post ptlittt
From the Knlckfbockcri
"TIME STILL MOVES ON."
BY'P.VttK DKNJAM1X, ESQ..
Timo still moves on, with noiseless pace,
And wo are loiterer by the way,
Few win and many lose the racrf
For they struggle day by day;
And even wlion the gonl Is gained,
How seldom wortli the toil it seems!
How lightly valued, when obtained,
The prize that flattering hopp estcemsl
(Submissive to the winds of chanco,
We toss on life's tempestuous sea:
This billow may our tark ady.anee,
And that may leave it on the lee:
IThis coaift, which rises to the view,
May thick be set with rocky mail,
tail that which beetles o'er the blue,
Be safest for the shattered sail.
pirn cloud that, like a little hand,
Slow lingers when the morning shines,
Jxpnnds its volume o'ci the land,
Dark its a forest sea of pines;- -
KVhilc that which casts a drapery screen
tUefore the azure realm of day,
Rolls upward from the lowland sceno,
And from the mountain tops away.
Oh, fund deceit! to lliinfc the flight
.Offline will laad to pleasure strange,
nU ever brine some new delight,
I To minds that strive and sigh for change.
(Within ourselves the secret lies,
Let soasons vary as they will;
ur hearts would murmur, though our skies
Were bright as those of .Lden still!
LESSONS FOll LOVERS.
A late number of Fiazier's Magazine
ntaijjs a pleasant littlo poem, under tho
himsical title of "Very," which contaius
me scge maxims for young gentlemen
ho go a courting. Wo extract three stan
is: fclf for instance, a woman you wish to woo,
lie her humor grave or merry,
lie game is your own you've nothing to
do
But mak'c her bclicvo you "Very."
ry sad, very cay, very sharp, very flat,
Very given to tea, or to sherry
my hot, very cold, very this, very that,
I Very any thing so you re "Very."
ry tall, very short, very dark, very fair,
Very pale in the faco.or florid,
"ay, I've known a man loved to the vergo
of despair,
:For being surpassingly horrid."
THE PA11TING.
it mine eyes tell at parting,
For my lips they never can !
jf;i! how hard ! these tears keep starting,
?Ml thought I was a man.
i rnoro fond remembeicd blisses,
-oves sweet token now command :
3Sd seem all thy burning kisses,
Faint the pressure of thy hand.
co it seemed a heavenlv treasure
.One moro kiss snatched on the win?
MBwo feel a starting pleasure
.wilding violets in a spring.
8? no more of loves fond trances,
lo more roses plucked for thee.
ring time smiles, my dearest Frances ;
Lti ! Us Autumn drear to mo !
ro kiss ladies' hands after their lips, as
lo do, is like little boys, who after they
kmc apple, Jell to on the parings.
A Map of the
(A.) Boundary according to the Treaty of 1783.
(B.) do recommended by the king of Holland.
(C.) do. as claimed by GrcalHritain.
(a.) Matawaska settlement.
lb') Alaqtiash River,
(c.
:)
Grand Portage.
(d.) St. Francis River.
(c.) Ristigouche
River.
The Boundary Question.
As tho difficulties concerning our North
Eastern Boundary aro assuming a serious
aspect, wc havo had prepared the above
map of the state of Maine, showing tho size
of the disputed territory, with tho various
lines as claimed by the United States and
Great Britain, and the compromise line
suggested.by the king of the Netherlands.
Wc likewise subjoin such additional infor
mation gathered from various sources, as
appears necessary to a full understanding of
this vexed question.
In tho first plage, it may bo as well lo
slate that the district which is now called
Maine, at that time included in a portion of
the province of Massachusetts Bay, was ac
knowledged by Great Britain, as a 41 free,
sovereign and independent State," in tho
Treaty of Pcaco of September 3d, 1783.
The second article of that treaty defines the
boundary line between the United States
and tho possessions of Great Britain. It
says, " It is hereby agreed and declared
that the following aro and shall be the boun
daries of tho United States, to wit ;
" From tho northwest angle of Novasco
tla, to wit, that angle which is formed by a
line drawn due north from the source of the
St. Croix River to tho highlands, along tho
said highlands which divide thoso rivers
that empty themselves into the St. Law
rence from thoso that fall into the Atlantic
Ocean, to tho northweslernmost head of the
Connecticut river." Also further on it
says, " East by a lino to bo drawn along
tho middle of tho river St. Croix to tho
Bay of Funday to its source, and from its
source dirccrly north to tho aforesaid high
lands which divido tho rivers that fall into
the Atlantic Ocean from those which fall
into tho river St.' fffcwrence.
Tho dispute, between the two govern
ments arises from the difficulty of ascer
taining tho lino indicated byjtho words quo
ted above. Tho British government place
" the northwest angle of Nova Scotia" at
Mars Hill, about 40 miles north of tho
SftEaine Boundary.
source of tho St. Croix, and then run the
lfne in a southwesternly direction, through
the region enclosed by the valleys of the
St. John and Penobscot rivers. The Uni
ted States claim that the line beginning at
the source of the St. Croix runs about one
hundred miles north, across the St. Johns
to the source of tho small streams emptying
into the St. Lawrence. The land in dis
pute contains about G,000,000 acres, nearly
one third of the state of Maine, for the most
part uncultivated, but abounding in forests
thought to bo of great value.
On this subject we make the following
extracts from Mr. Tanner's interesting Ge
ographical Memoir which accompanios his
large map of the United States. It will be
found well worthy of perusal, as it clearly
shews that our claim to the territory is be
yond a shadow of a doubt.
" One of tho arguments used to enforce
the claims of the British government to the
north part of Maine, is founded on the as
sumption that no high lands, sufficiently dis
tinct to exhibit with precision the line
claimed by the United States exist between
'the rivers that empty themselves into the
St. Lawrence, and those which fall into the
Atlantic ocean.' (Treaty of Peace of 1783,)
On consulting any good map of the United
States, it will bo seen that highlands or
mountains do exist along the entire course
of tho lino, from the sources of Connecticut
rivers to those of the Ristigouche. Some
of these mountains attain an elevation of
2000 feet above tho level of the St. Law
rence. This elevation continues, with the slight
interruptions, through tho whole length of
tho boundary, from the sources of the Con
necticut to its termination in the north east
angle of the State.
Recent investigations exhibit a view of
the physical geography of this part, of the
country, essentially different from former
delineations, and completely reverse tho
general aspect as given to it by tho advo
cates of tho British claims. They affirm
thai the route claimed by the Americans as
tho line contemplated by the framers of tho
treaty of 1783 is nearly destitute ot high'
lands, and that mountains of considerable
elevation extend westward from Mars Hill,
J!..:.i: it. . r.. - . .
uiviumg mo waters oi at. jonn's river
from thbso of the Pefiobscot, &c. Such
however, is not thb fact, for Wo find along
the former route a continuous chain of high
hills if not mountains, broken it is true oc
casionally by the action of the water and
the latter, with the exception of Mars Hill
it3elf, presenting an Undulating surface
merely but little elovatod above tho sur
rounding plain. This is the line assumed
by Great Britain as the boundary at issue,
which Is carefully traced on tho rnapi The
St. Croix forms a part of thb boundary be
tween the United States and the British
possessions which has bben definitely set
tled. The principal eourcc of the St. Croix
was ascertained in the year 1797 by the
commissioners of tho United States and
Great Britain, under the treaty of 1794.
In the year 1817 the surveyors of the two
governments again marked the point at
which a line due north was to commence.
As no other survey has yet been made with
special reference to the disputed boundary,
its courso cannot be stated with precision:
enough however is known to justify the U,
States government in resisting the extrava
gant and unfounded claim of the British
government.
In submitting the disputed points to unv
pirage, tho government of the United States
never contemplated, I apprehend, granting
tho power to depart essentially from the
boundary always claimed by it, and until
lately acquiesced in by that of Great Bri
tain. The power conferred on the King of
tho Netherlands, as umpire in this mailer
was unquestionably restricted to the simple
adjustment of the boundary in question: nor
docs it admit of any material variation fiom
the lines as defined by the treaty 1783, and
as then understood by all the parties con
cerned. The Ireaty, on which alone the
United States may rely with confidence,
describes the boundary with a precision, so
nearly approaching to certainty, as to forbid
any misunderstanding with regard to the
line, in the mind of a disinterested observ
er. Other and ample evidence might be
adduced in support of the American title to
the disputed territory this can scarcely be
deemed necessary, as the treaty is sufficient
ly explicit and conclusive. All the acts of
lhe,British government, from the proclama
tion of 1762 to the treaty of 1783, recog
nize the boundary claimed by the United
States, as the one which separated the pro
vinces of Quebec and Nova Scotia from the
then province of Maine, and declare that the
line should pass along the highlands which
divide tho rivers that empty themselves in
to the St. Lawrence, from thoso which fall
into the sea,' and that the province of Que
bec is bounded on the South by a line from
the Bay of Chalcurs along tho high lands,'
&c. reciting the precise words that were
subsequently transferred to the treaty of
peace of 1783. The treaty however.in let
ter as well as in spirit, is obviously and de
cidedly with tho American Government.
On the side of the British, they rest al
together on their vaguo notions of an equilct'
ble division of the country, upon which
their claim with regard to the northwest
angle of Nova Scotia is founded. This
claim places the angle at the point in the
line running due north from the source of
tho St. Croix, which meets the highlands
at or near Mars Hill; and acccording to this
view of the subject, the angle thus formed
is the commencement, on the cast, of the
north boundary of Maine, from that point
to tho westernmost head of tho Connecticut
river. This lino along the imaginary high
lands, it will be perceived divides the wa
ters of the Androscoggin, Kennebec and
Penobscot from, Alaguash, and Wallostook
branches of the St. Johns, and deprives the
state of Maine of nearly one third of its
area, or about 12,000 square miles. The
point in the duo north line from the St. Cro
ix, which the British affect to believe is the
north west angle of Nova Scotia, and upon
Which the whole matter rests, is about 46
miles from tho source of the St.Croix, and
about the same distance from the place)
where this linb in its prolongation, iritersects
the Sti Johns."
tt vill be seen" above thai Mr. TanKen
mentions the fact that up to1 a certain time
tho boundary linb claimed by Us was ac
knotvlodged by Great Britairi; It Was sd
in effect Up to tho treaty of Ghent in 1814
wheh her present claims were asserted, and
the object of getting up the difficulty was
explained by tho suggestidri of the British
agents that there should be such a line ot
frontief as may secure a direct communica
between Quebec and Halifax.' There was
no trouble before Great Britain fonud it im
portant to have this connection for the bene
fit of colonial sway, and it appears to us"
that she is determinsd to have it at any cost,
particularly Bince thb recent disturbances in
tho upper and toWbf provinces have dmon
strated its convenience.
The award of the King of the Nf fhbr
lands was rejected by both parties, and tho
British Government reasserted its claim to
the whole territory, in the communication
of December, 1835, the plan proposed
by Mr. Livingston, then Secretary of Statei
wss a new and thorough surrey of tho
whole face of tho coUhtry. After many
propositions and demands from both sides,
a new joint survey was agreed on in 1B38
with the understanding that both govern
ments may adhere, if they please, to the
respective interpretations which have been
given to the various treaties, Maine having
resolved at the same time if the matter wad
not speedily accomplished, to take the set
tlement into her own hands.
Sir John Harvey now asserts & right
exclusive jurisdiction over tho whole terri
tory, in defiance of the, subjoinffdliy fa'ement
to the contrary, to which he alludes for tbs
purpose of gross misinterpretation.
" Mr. Livingston, in his communication
dated July 21, 1832, remarks-' Until thLj
matter shall be brought to a final conclusion
the necessity of refraining on both side
from any oyercise of jurisdiction beyond the
boundaries now actually possessed, must
be apparent, and wil no doubt be acquiesced
in on the part of His Britannic Majesty's
Province, as it will be by the Unitod
States. "
In reply Sir Charles R. Vaughan says.'
" he is further to assure Mr. Livingston that
his Majesty's Government entirely concur
with that of the United States in the prin
ciple of continuing to abstain, during the
progress of the negociation, from extending
the exercise of jurisdiction within tho dis
puted territory, beyond the limits, within
which it has been hitherto usually exercb
ed by the authority of either party.1'
ADVERTISING.
Here is a sensible article, written in a
quaint way, on the advantages of advertis
ing. It is taken from a paper printed in
Saugerties, New York.
TO THB PUBLIC.
I havo several reasons for advertising my
goods for sale. Among the many, I give
but few. Firstly, the proprietors of this
paper have a perfect right to expect from
all mechanics, and others, doing business
in the village of Saugerties, an advertise
ment in the Herald, and it is our duty te
give it, in order to maice it promabie to
them, and to give the newpapet the appear
ance of a sheet published in a flourishing
village, and supported by business men:
Secondly and this reason is not pungent
because I wish the people generally to
understand, that it is my intention to sell
goods as low as any in the country, and I
do not kbow of any better way to give tho
public a hint to that effect than to advsrtiso
in a nowspaper,like a majority of my neigh
bore in the trade therofore here it goes.
The girls of Northampton, Mass. havo
been sending a bachelor editor boquets of
tanzy and wormwood. He lays he don't
care; ho had rather smell that than matrimony.
A
6