nLOOMSflURO. PA.
JSAfVltbAY, OCTOBEll 27.
jlGRICtJIiTURAXi,
"For the GolumMa Democrat.
Mr. Phimtcr.
In my communication on the subject of
cultivating vines, I promised to notice the
subject of domestic manufactures, &c -Ftcparatory
to manufacturing, it becomes
T.ccersary to possess tlie real'-material or
commodity., '-'the subject of this Article wil
therefore be the consideration of -the ways
end means ofbeing-so in posseesion.
As a preface to that subject, let me re
mark, that the establishment of an Agricul
tural Society, as recommended by a lale
contributor to your columns, would'-tend
greatly to facilitate the result at whiob.
wish to arrive.
In any rcrh&rks I may make on the'sbb
ject of Domestic Manufactures, I wislrto'be
correctly understood, and .therefore give-a
general outline "of my creed no w'; reserving
the proof of fts being founded in fact, for a
future occasion, if necessary.
I believe that an extensive Commerce
tends to the prosperity of the United States,
as a liberal trade tends to the reciprocal ad
Yant-iffc of neighborhoods. This- proposi
tion is indeed an axivtu, because one-dis-H'time
trirt or one country contains commodities
or produces materials notfdund in another,
and which, in the non-producing place
can rfnlv be a'rthlciolly supplied at great la
Iiot. inconvenience and expeflse. Yet, sir,
while I am in favor of trade and -commerce
because the destruction ol th'cnrwould mak
each man a hermit, and each country an in
eulated clan, I am disposed to encourage
them no farther than" is compatible with our
independence. And while I am in favor o
home manufactures, I would not force them
Against wind and tide, or in other words, a
rrainst tiirio str.d circumstances. 1 would
therefore, tty Sll' mean's maKc so much
'our eisenfias-Wsntirely to 'do away that
balance of tr-ido ' cotfsta'fltly 'against us in
Europe. If we' fin Jour 'soil congenial, and
our means'sdfilcW, it Vi'iH bo well to turn
that balance tho other way. ' l$ut it will not
"be good policy to force the latter result be
ror
;i iuiiui iu uiauc inn own biuis,
whcn.fn flct, ho can earn rrfohey enough in
the time spent in making ono pair, to pay a
workman for making two.
Thence frises the question Is our soil
congenial, and aro our means sufficient ?
And if the answer be in the affirmative, then
comes the further query Havo we duly
improved them ? I' conceive that the first
interrogatory ought to bb answered ill tile
aflirmalivo so far as rcspect3 many things
How imported, and amongst thehi Broad
cloth. And the latter question had it nega
tive response respecting the very same ar
ticle. Now, sir, tho materials necessary for
JnaJrtng fine cloth are these good wool,
ooap, uye-siuiis, a:c. with good motive
power, machinery, 'and withal, food work
men. As to the dyes and mordsnls, some
are homo products, othersiiro not, and sorrle
perhaps haver will be. The importation
o: sucii will tend less to render us tributary
to Europe thah-the .purchased the woolen
fabrick. Soap is made already, anl can be
alwoy maUe equaVto tho demand. Then
we come Ip the more cosily commodity,
" 00." Of this the production
or the country is deficient both ih
quantity and quality. The reason of
these defects consists in the too Utile at
tention paid to Sheep, and tho too great
"daughter of ilia animal.
I recollect that Sheop flourished much
belter in this country some 30 years ago,
or during tho first settleiuctii, than they do
now. Indeed, tho only difficulty attending'
tho rearing them, when I was a boy, arose
from the ravages of wild animals. This
ecourgo has now disappeared. My father's
hcep were alwaye. healthy and vigorous in
the dimmer by running in the woods, and
Jio kept up their etrerjgih and activity in
Vi jnter, by giving each sheep about one gill
nf Indian corn per day, besides nay and
nail. Thitf method kept his animals clean
and healthy at a small expensed" Here then
js the pioof iliat our soil and climate are
congenial to the growth of shepp.' But
will the numWr Is too small. The daily
daughter prevents tho wcroase. Whelher
tho destruction annea from the influence of
Urftish emmisfariee, (as some asserti) or
(toa oar
cwn preference for tho flesh, 1
ilinll irot decide, but remain content if 1 1
prove that their destruction, from any cause, I
is ioiflrious, nnd oucht to be regarded as n I
national calamitv. Having shown thai
sheep can oe raiseu, l neeu only assert mat
. . v . . .. . i
they are destroyed In too great numbers, or
that the number reared is too smalt ; and tho
fact that from the produce of whole town
ships not two pounds of wool Tare for nale,
proves my assertion to bo true. And the
additional fact that half our young women
are ignorant of the art of wool spinning,
corroborated by the circumstance that wheel
making has almost ceased to bo a trade,
puts the question beyond a doubt.
Now let us leave the wool growing and
turn our attention to power and machinery
In places where manufacturing is largely
carried on, it is chiefly done by steam pow
er, at a nreil exnenso and much risk. On
the contrary in our own county of Colum
bia. water power is so abundant as
scarcely to increase the price of land con
taining first rate mill seats Even the dif
ference in tJie premium charged for insuring
factories arainst loss by fire, when driven
by steam, and wh'ere water power is used
forms an item of considerable consequence
in favor of the latter';
Machinery is the product of ingenuity
arid experience, and bhr countrymen are
proverbial for the former, and used only
to acquire the latter.
Amongst the machinery necessary for
firiishing fine cloth, the pldnt .called teasal is
an important item. This! pecies of thistle
furnishes burs which, placed in a wooden
frame, form a kind of raising card, whicl
art has never yet been ablo to equal or sup
ply. Before cloth of the best quality is
finished," tlris article must be nscd.and hence
we aro not-independent until we can supply
our own demand. This plant grows well
though it' requires much attention, in any
land in Wilt?, Essex, Gloucester, and Som
mersclt counties, in England, which is a
daptod to the growth of wheat. It is now
cultivated in the State of New York, and
can no doubt he successfully produced in
Pennsylvania. It also grows in Holland
and France. It is, to be dure, a very pre
c.tious crop, and hence the price varies
greatly. Tho price In England is about
jGB sterling for ten thousajuLheKt.hursibojil:
ytiiii5t'n-r're9onS lor saying that teasi-ls"
(or teazles) can be r'albed in this stale' Jsr
that the summer is as long as in England,
the soil as kind, arid our chance to prcde'f ve
tho bura better, because it is dampness that
spoils the greater number in lhat country;
and our summers are Vvarmer, and hence
our opportunity to cure them greater.
Thus', sir, wo have the means and ability
to produce materials, power and machinery.
If we have not the artisans, all wo need do
to bring them Is to offer inducements in the
shape of certain employment and good wa
ges; Now as to certainty of employment
and stability of reward in this country,' tfiey
depend upon many" causes, among which
we unii tlie policy of foreign cbuTitrics a pro
minent one; , .
To arrive at p'ermari'cn'co in these matters
wo must be independent!, and rest nponour
own resources. Here let rrfo quote the
words of an English publication on t'lis a'rib
jc!t of cultivating teazles in that country.
They prove my position without comment.
41 Our woollen manufactory could hardly
havo made any progress without this plant:
Jho constant continental wars in die. narlv
part of our monarchy, and tho rival jealous-
tots ui luruicn nations, won d iavn mnnri
or prohibited tho necessary supply of teazles
of this indispensable plant i primary object."
Now, sir, if Englishmen felt the Import
ance df one single requisite, what should
we foell If tht v feared the ovcrthrdw of
their factoriei) for the want of a secoridary
object, what should we feel, lacking the fust
and second? And yet what apology have
we? We havo ihS soil, tho climato, lite
power, the stock, tho ingenuity, tho every
thing, and yet voluntarily and willingly.nay
sedulously put ourselves into a condition ten
thousand limes more likely to bo aft'ected,
crippled alid prostrated ty continental',
or European wars, than was thdt of Eng
land for want of teazles. And why He
cause V6 are killing Iho few sheep we have.
arid neglecting to rear others or bettor.
Now, sir, it is necessary, to retain our
artisans, that we give them dniployfnont.
lit sbrtio fluctuations of policy this can hi
drfne, hill in the next revolution of Europe
an politics perhaps it cannot. No wisd
man chooses a profession" liable to be every
day annihilated, and henco wo are indirect
ly inducing tnlentaudenterprize'of tho land
to fOrsako us.
In order to pfpierve tb permanancy atd
consequent perfection o the business, we
must secure the best custimcrs, and this can
only be done by producing lh best article
at a fair price. To do this the bsst materi
- . . r rtt. j . ,i .i. i..
als onu machinery' afo.indispetisablc, and
hence tho success of life schemeproposed,
in its first inception rests with tlie farmer
and shepherd', and secondly with Iho arti
san. If we do make cloth equal to the impor
ted, it follows that our rich men, who have
tho means, will wear foreign fabiicks, our
next ablest will imitate and so the article
finds a cbhsumer in ovcry apprentice in our
streets.
When wo have introduced Ibis stato of
things, sonic revolution in government, or
some diplomatic difficulty suddehtly shuts
our ports; then spring up factories like cx
crcscences in si night; prices advance, wa
ges inn higli, employment is plenty, work
men contract debts lor the purpose of start'
jug on their own account; but in a few
months a reaction takes place and intercourse
is renewed. Then our seaports aro burden
ed with tho accumulated productions of hoji
intercourse day, brought from foreign lands
at a reduced price, as tho artificial vomit of
overburdened markets. Ruin stalks abroad
in the land. Manufacturers are ruined,
borers distressed, children beggard, widows
oppressed, and in short all things brought
to a sudden stand, or dashed into confusion
which will cost years of industry to recti
fy. In this confusion aid is asked of gov
eminent, and she, as in duty bound, docs
all that art can do. llut presently (liat
which was good. as .measure pf temporary
relief, is adopted as a' permanent principle
and hence arise jealousies and heart burn
ings, sectional feelings and local quarrels
This is neither a wholesome nor agipeabl
conditions. Those who administer the gov
errime'ri't aro censured for the existence of
evils nol attributable to them, and which
were unforeseen, and whiqh could riot bd
prevented had they been foreseen, c'xeep
by applying the remedy, not as iroverhmcrit
edicts and regulations, but as inducements
to farmers, shepherds and artisans to' fur
nish enough of the articles, now imported
and of such quality as to exclude the for
qignjand thus prevent the first excitement'
train eTlnfiTfiJrftT.ihe reaction and all its
It will be" at ohce'pcrcoivellllKirh'iTrroT
talent have no inducement to turn their at
tention to the improvement of their machin
ery, and consequently bettering their wares,
so long as they may be prostaled in an hour,
by the extraordinary influx .of- foreign
goods. I am fully persuaded that no' poli
cy of government can as effectually preserve
the uniformity of prices and employment"
as. (ho regular operation of art and industry
on o'df- farms and in our factories can. In
deed 1Kb former is an artificial, while the
oilier is a natural, regulator. As different
parties in Congress predominate, different
measures will be pursued, and will feel in
secure during the pendency of the' ques
tion. But if the p'cf'rt'anefrcy of a" business
is susJaine'd by the natural resources of the
country,' let who will rule the nation, it
mast remain firm and unshaken- and while
that is tlie case first rate workman can be re
tained. Biit,' sir, while we in'anufac'tu'rc a part
(perhaps tho ecfarser articles) and depend
on Europe for the roM, ve will be liable to
fluctuations. These must be submitted to
for a seasan, until wp.arrive' at the ability
to serve ourselves. To impress the com
munity wilfi tho necessity of being soon" a
bld tu supply oursJves wilh coats, is the
object of this communication. That we
have difficulties td encounter is admitted :
and that regulations of government must bo
resorted toj in our present stitc of dofeclivc
materials, is self-evident. Perhaps govern
ment restrictions may oc necessary as a set
off against similar restrictions,- long after we
shall have been able to compete with Eu
rope in quality, and furnish d superabund
ant q;uaritity ; but these restrictions furnish
no solid argument against 'attempting to
produee an article capable of forcing its own
way into1 use.
It may bd argued that tho oppression un
der which tlie operators in Europe Iabor.and
tho low rate of wages there, must ever pre
vent us from competing in price, even if wo
excel in quality, unless we oppress our peo
ple too. I think riot. My reasons for
thinking so is this. In England, for in
stance land is scarce, rent and taxes high.
Tho p'ower foY propelling machinery is
oliiefly artificial; If land is dear and rent
high, the sheep aro necessarily expensive,
and food for tho people dear. In this coutt-
try, land and water power cheap, rent low,
articles of food for the people low, a!ld pio-
vender for animals cheap also; so I cone'eivo
the reduced price of these essentials is a fair
set-off against tho lower wages of workmen
in that country. Henco I hope to see tlio
time when cloth may be niado hero at a
price that may. stop importations without
grinding the maker.
Here then tho whole subject is thrown
back upon the production of the materials ;
tho very subject upon which I set out.' So
long as our materials aro the growth of
countries where land is scarce, and rent and
taxes high, it needs hb argument to prove
that our fabrics must be dear. What I .con
tend is', that if wo produce the constituents
for oursclv'esi as" wo possess the ability, the
natural current bfcause and. effect will do
tho rest. CONFUCIUS.
Caltawissa, Oct. 22, 1838i
QCXTUACTED TOR Tllli DUJIOCHAT
Frbm tho New KngUml Farmer.
RUTA BACA.
The following is an account of tho meth
od of cultivating ritta baga, adopted by Rev.
Ilcurv Colman. in obtuininir a crop for
which ho received a premium of twenty
dollars from the Massachusetts Agricultural
Society in the year 1830.
Gentlemen Accompanying this you
have tile certificates of a crop of ruta baga
raised this year on my larmin Lynn, i'rom
these it will appear that on an acre, meas
ured by a Sword surveyor, on one side of
the field, thcro were gathered seven hun
dred and forty-one briskets full, and that
forty baskets of the above named weighed
at the town scales two thousand seven hun
dred and fifty pounds nctt weight. This
.allowing fifty-six pounds to a bushel, th'o
standard weignt assumed oy ine sqcieiy,
would give 3cropdf nine hundred and three
bushels to the acre.-
Tho turnips were planted on the 20th of
June and 2d of July; about ono pound and
a half of seed was used fur the acre; and
they were gathered and stored in cellars and
in the barn, tlie last part ol November.
Tho cround on which they grew is
good soil, "neither wet nor dry, and bore tlie
last year an abundant crop of onions, and
coin the year preceding the last. ' It was
well manured at both tidies, and. In fine tiltn
It was manured with at least feix cords' to
the acre of barn manure the last spring, and
sowed again to onions; but the seed entirely
failing:, it was ploughed, harrowed furrows
struck out and about eight cords of barn ma
nure, spread in the furrows; ploughed again
.-U.v.aj?a.q.U'?,cVo-TO wtlsmtnT
drill-harrow on, the ridges making the rows
about twenty inches assuiulef. As soon as
tno plains 'wore of sufficient size, adrill-lmr.
row, with small shares fixed t0 it,' to cut off
an me wceas, was passed through' the rows;
and the plants thinned with a smnll wro,!.
ing hoe to the distanre of about eif lit inches
apart and the vacant places filled Up by
transplanting from the supernumerary
plants. They .were orrco more harrowed
snu cleaned which was a very s"mall labor;
and owing to tho very unpropituous wcalh
er, were not harvested until very late. Some
ui uiem wore very large, ono weighed fif.
teen pounds, and many were nearly as la'rtfc.
u bauui. u.iuii&u in cultivating tno acre
cannot be estimated, as it was intermixed
with other farm work; but tho whole, from
this sowing to tho gathering an acre of pots
toes' r rt ... . .
ijjy owecdisti turnips the last year, of
wnicii l raised considerable quantities, were
fed to my oxen, dry cows, young stock,
lamiiy onccji. j o me came, tliey were
of very great advanlage; and for feeding
snecp, they proved the last year, by an ac
curate account, worth from ten to twelve
and a hall cents per bushel. Tho man who
ha's tho ca'ro of niy slock considers them as
among the;moa profitable feed which can
be given either to fatting or to store cattle.
iuvv jrvuia p.iuuintuH ins jncrcaseQ their
value very much Tor these purposes in my
own estimation.
I am, gentlemen,
very respectfully yours,
HENRY COEEMAN.
Tho several links' in. the great chain of
lu l ""ai" ueiween inc. xsnrtli River and
Lake Erie, parallel to the Erie Canal, aro
either fiinished or u progre's. Tho Alba
ny and Scheueclady, and Schenectady and
Utica Roads are both in successful op'ori
tion; tho Utica and Syracuse Road is epest-,
cd to bo completed by July next; tho road
from Syracuse to Auburn is in operation;
tho Auburn and Rochester road is Under
contract; the Tonawonda road, from Roches
ler to Batavia is in operation; and the stock
of the Batavia and Bnflalo Road, tho last
link m the chain, is subscribed. In about
a year from this time theio will be a com
plete line of Rail-roads from Albany to Buf
falo, which will touch tlib Erie Canal at all
iho flourishing towns above mentioned.
The travel on the links already completed
ia large, and when the entire chain is finish
ed it in si be very great.
Tho Boonville Emigrant Sept. 20, speaks
chocringly of the corn crop in Missouri.
On a spaco of three miles in hingth only,
on tho Missouri, and ono broad, there will
be raised 10,000 barrels.
FRIGHTFUL STEAMBOAT folSAfl .
TER.
43 LIVES LQ$1
"Tho Farfarshlre ' sloflnich. tnh
power, from Htlll to Dundee; was dashed
to pieces on Wednesday last on a rOjdc wlicii
melancholy to mate, i persons louiid' a
watery grave. About i o cioclc on J InirB-'
day', blowing hsrd from tho N. E. mjij '
showering rain and sleet, tho boiler cavo
way, w n ien was ine cause oi me nan catas
trophe. The Captain was observed with
(us wilo in his arms, clinging to the wreck,
when a sea came nnd swept them off. A
ijiong those, wlio perished were a gentleman
and his family belonging to Dundee, who
were returnining from St. Pctdrsburr after
a residence of fourteen years. There won-
22 cabin passengers, 1) Steerage, incluJine
r .. no ..r t.! t.
1IJM1 CIIIIUIUll, illil! .64 ui u i;iu , limning in
all 53 persons, out of which number only
ten were Saved to tell the talc, 'fllo cUf!'
tain, .lohn Humble, was considered an ex.
cellent manj and was much esteemed, whlla
the conduct of tho mate is' ho subject of se
vere comment. When the danger first ap
peared, he, followed by four of the ciewj-.
took to the boat, and shortly after it had put
off, the vessel struck' and parted ih two, ths
stern drifting southward, and tho forepart
remaining on tho rock." .
I send the folllowing iristaheo, of femalp
intrepidity, in connection with tho abuvo
mournful catastrophe.
William Darling, the keeper of the Outer
Light House on the Longstbrie Rocks, ob
served thowrcck about live o'olock in tho
morning iliat is about two hours after the
vessel had struck. From tho thickness of the
wcalh'or he could not discover whether there"
were any men upon it. Between seven,
and eight A. M. he at last perceived some
men, and asked his daughter Grace Hors
ley Darling to accompany him in a coble
boat, with a view to assist and save the un
fortunate people. She at once consented. '
It may ho remembered that Darling" was
quite certain that he would' hUt get back to
tho Light House without the help of soma
of the men ho saw on iho rock, and his cal
culation of returning was founded on that
assumption. He and liis, daughter, antiei
paling such help, they left Mrs. Darling to
attend to the light house, and rowed their
little boat round by tho southern sides of'
iho three intervening rocks, to the spot
where they saw tho ship wrecked persons.
This was about a mile orupwatds, and the,
sea was all broken water. When tho men
on the rock saw a young slender woman
pulling the boat to their rescue, their joy
was almost frantic.
Darling and his daughter succeeding in
getting the bo'at to a spot wliorc they could
get a landing, aifd took Mrs. Dawson aifd
four of the men, and brojight them to the
I!ahJ,buu:f, llnre Dfldmirjefliiis dauoh
ler,Mrs. Dawson and two of the men, and
took two of the men back to tho rock, and
brought tha remaining four persons. The
danger was most imminent, but the experi
ment was successful. This is one of ihs
noblest instanccs'rccordcd of femalo heroism
and the writer who saw this young woman,
was struck with singular modesty of the
courageous femalo; li is hoped that IhU
act of self devotion will bo duly rewarded'.
f Here is something lhatjwill please the la
dies and astonish the men:
Extraordinary Sympathy. 'The singu
lar sympathies that forewarn a future union
between tho sexes, have, in some instances
been most surprising. Tho following,
Which came within my knowledge,, is" per
haps onc of tho most singular AL'--.a
brother officer of mino, was a' m'arfof taci
turn and retired habits, seldom frequented
public places ofamusement, and when therej
felt any thing but gratification. One eve
ning after supper, he was. however.
vailed upon to go to a ball. We had not
been long in thc,ro6m, when, to my utter
surprise, ho expressed great admiration of a
yonng lody who was dancing and, what
still more amazed us, he engaged her to
dance. Snah an act of apparent levity on
his part struck us as a singularity, which
might have been attributed to an unusual
indiilgoifoe at tabje, had not the contrary
been the case, for he was remarkably abste
mious, riie dance was scarcellyovcr when
ne came to me, and told UK! Willi fl l.ml- nf
deep despondency that his lovoly partner
wts a married woman. Tho in, rL.i-a
. lit -iiu iwiiuuivaiuigM
in which ho addressed me was truly ludic
rous. A few minutes after he left tho ball
room. The strangeness df his conduct led
me to fear that his mind was riot altogether
in a sound state; but I was "confirmed in mv
apprehension when ho told me the follow
ing morning that ho. was convinced ho
should be married to tho obj'ec't of his admi
ration, whoso husband wao a young and
healthy clergyman in tho neighborhood.
Here matters rested, and we both went a
broad. We did not meet until three years
after, when In my surprise I found that hie
prediction had been verine'd.
The lady's husb'aml had flkiT Crm ftll
from his horse, and tho parties were mar
ried. But, what rendered this circumsgincft
still more strange is, that a similar preschli-
-vl.-i.it ... ' 1 . ...
mem noa cAieneiireii oy tne young lauy
who, on returning from ihd hall, mentioned
to her sister with much ombtiOn, that she
had danced with a stranger to whom she
felt convinced that she was destined to bo
married. The conviction embittered every
moment of her life, as despite of her cmloav.
drs, oho could not dismit.n the strapger
from her constant tho-nnlits. rnlnHHiiily
y$itts i0 ,,lc ,,0P of?!! Mm again,-5