C4e,tel)igl) liegister.
Allentown, Pa.
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1849,
Circulation near 2000.
Ott''Since the nomination cft Mr. Cook, it has
been discovered that he has not been a resi;
,dent of the State, a sufficient length of time,
to entitle him to a seal in the Legislature, if he
/should be elected. We ore informed flint he
NI7 ill on this account, not he a candidate.
I - Otr"-We-are authorized to Oay,dhat the name
of Mr. Aaron Troxell, is withdrawn as a Can
didate.for the Treasury.
Cir 6 By a notice in another . colinim, it will be
seen, that the Seminary of the Rev. Mr. C. R.
Kessler, will hold:a public exhibition of singing,
speaking, &c., in the Court House, in Allen
town, on Friday evening next. To commence
precisely at Cti o'clock. The presence of the
citizens generally is politely requested.
To Assessors
There was a law passed by the legislature
of 1848, requiring the • assessors to assess all
young men between the nue of 21 and 22
years. The non-fulfilment of the law does not
exclude such persons from voting, but is in
tended, we believe, to aid in seeming the col
lection of takes the following, year. As such
is the law, assessors should know it.
Our Own Interest
In another column of to•flays paper will be
found a very able essay upon the subject of Pro
tection, which we commend to the attentive
perusal of our readers. ft is a question in
which the members of both political parties aro
alike interested, and hence cannot be justly call
ed apolitical one. In proof of this, we have only
to refer to the vote in Congress upon the Tariff of
1842. The . entire Pennsylvania Delegation both
Democrats and Whlgs : voted for its passage,
and with the exception of a single member,
toted against its repeal in 18.16. We do, how-
ever, not hold ourselves responsible for every
sentiment or statement contained in the Esme.
but it being an able exposbion of the side of
the question adfocated by its author, and as
it is also one of great importance to the peo
ple of Pennsylvania, and to the citizens of this
County in particular; we have therefore thought
it but right and just, to publish it.
An Old Coon Caught
Our friend Dennis Dcibcrt, of Lowbill town
ship, an old Coon hunter, informs us, that h e
"by the light of the moon" on the Sth instant.
caught an old "Rack Coon" that weighed twen
ty pounds, being the largest of the species, be
thinks, ever wds captured. He challenges the
State to beat it? What say you old Coon hunt.
era! Can you come it
Agriculture, the Leading Interest.
It is Fla pposed that three-fourths of the pop
ulation of the country. are employed in nevi
culture; the other quarter being divided among
all other employments and professions. Be
sides, the mechanic, the manufacturer, the
merchant and the professional man, are all
mainly dependent upon the flamer - for patron
age and support. When the farmers as a class
are prosperous, all others participate in their
prosperity. From this it follows, that whatev
er benefits the agrieultund class, directly hen
efite three-lourths of the people, and indheetly
benefits the other fourth.
Surely, then, the farmers have a right to de•
mend of the government the means to suitain
their agricultural societie, and , to collect and
disseminate important information relative to
their calling. Lot the light of science and ed•
ucation be brought to the aid .of ngricultute.
Let our resources be developed, and the
and industry of the husbandman be directed
into their proper channels, and that would soon
be obtained, in which 'not only the (maim
would zejoice, but the whole community with
him.
Such facts as the above cannot be too wide
ly disseminated; and if our editorial brethren
will only press the attachment of a Bureau of
Agriculture, to the newly-formed Home Depart
ment of the general government; we may hope
for a channel through which agricultural im
provements may be made known. Is it not
ridiculer's that the interests of three-quarters of
the . whole community should be left as secon
dary in importance 9 to those of
,one-quarter?
We admire the practice of the Society of
Friends, "to pay duo deference to the Wishes
of a respectable minority," bnt cannot con
sent that our politeness should so far interfere
with our interests as to permit the min tHt!,
alone to be fostered by government patru..:;[c.
Trade on the Public Works. •
The increase of revenue on the public
works, above last year, will not meet the an
ticipations of many who looked towards them
for much aid in lessening the State debt. This
is mainly owing , we presume, to the depres
eionis in several branches of business, as is
demonstrated frOm the following table, exhib
iting the quantity of wrought and rail road iron,
And pig metal, which passed, eastward through
the-Chesapeak and Delaware canal from Havre
de Grace during two similar periods of the past
-end present year—from the opening of the
navigation to the first of September.
Wrought and IL Pig Metal
.
. R. Iron—lbs. lbs.
tfi),lTlopen?g of Nav
-loSept. '4B 11,142,712 61,372,720
d o '49 2,722.312 27,764,348
8,420,397 • 23,508,442
F , ll!ng oft
. . .
1 Witt
{Gov. 'man arid mike, reviewed tho
Encampment at Bri3tcd : on . Saturday
Improvements in Making Flour.
Mr. D. P. lionall, of Tecumseh, Michigan,
has recently made an improvement in the pro
cess of manufacturing of Flour, which is claim
ed to be valuable. The Indiana State Journal
publishes the following extracts from a letter
written by Mr. Bonall in reply to.inquiries
made of him in reference to the improve.
ment:
My "improved pi•ocess of milling" consists
in separating the starch'part of the wheat front
the glutinous matter, and submitting the latter
to a accond.grinding. The way it is effected
is by placing an auxiliary rim of stones so us
to receive the entire body of the "ofl.•tl," on its
passage from the upper or first merchant bolts.
The stones are fitted to inn from 300 to 400
revolutions per minute, and the feeding of the
stuffs made uniform and pet feet by a Very sim
ple combination of machinery.
After the "offal" is thus ground °l:severely
scoured, it is then passed into the lower bolts,
or dusters,.when the flour is taken out and sent
to the "cooler," or first bolts, to be uniformly
mixed in regular proportions ; with the su
peifine flour, and the remainder separated for
feeds.
The advantage obtained by this mode of
grinding, is as follows:
Fin-t, It enables the miller to grind light, or
cour,e, at the firi.-1 grinding, and thus avoid in
jury to the "i-tareliy" portion of the wheat ; and
enures free. good bolting, which is riot always
the ea.-e, %%hen attempting to grind the starch
and '..glinin" contained in the grain In the same
con..kuniey by one prece,s, as the i-tinvit,
which poi vciizes easy, LA apt to be too line.
and stick In the bid's, or eke the ':farilia" is
too coarze and goes to tniJdlings ; or adiiet . es to
the bran and i JOS!.
Second, Ii eliables the miller to glird wet, or
damp v. heat I. , etter than any other mode, as the
first grinding, which is high and fice. %lams
the wheat, ol.eteUy elevath.g. cooling, airing
and bathing, the muisiore -is principally evap
orated, and the "olial" is partially kiln•dried,
when, by submieing it to ihe quick griuding,
or bcouring provess, Cie flour is almost encire
ly "whipped out" and put into the superfine
barrel.
Third ; It catches all the broken particles of
grain that escape the first grinding., by stop•
ping and ~torting, or from other causes, and
equalizes the grinding, whet any valiations
occur in the lira mills or grinding.
Fourthly, adds to the superfine flour that
which %vas formerly 'fine," and thus saves the
loss on sales in minket.
Fifthly, It races winding middlings, as the
whole midd:iog proet . .s is done by one contin
uous operation, with a great saving of labor as
%veil a:
Sixthly, It enables the miller to make his
barrel of superfine Ibuir from filar bushels of
wheat that dill wekilt 60 lbs. to the bushel,
and the flour much better, us it eontai,s
much mere of the -Janina" ci the %%heat, or
Lilatinous matter, and will yield more good
bread from it given quantity of flour. Flour
ground on this plueess in now selling in Buffalo
us a superior brand.
The tlouble giantling evaporates wore ()film
nit,isttue, and has a tet.cieney to preserve the
flour longer front souring.
These ore the principal and distinguished
elitiracierlstics of my —improvement," and
if time permitted, I would mite you more spe
cific and in detail. The aggre2ate savinu madc
by it Will be somewhere front 15 to 1.'5 of
wheat on each lib!. of flour. It is simple and
durable. and all the economies it combines,
and principles it in crilves, tire well maletstotal
by till common Eelle miuds r and must be ap
preciated.
• _
Assescors of 1349
13y Inn pro,. istons 1,1 the act ul 7111 of Aptil,
1849, "for the regulatioh and continuance of
a-system of Education by Common Schools,"
assessor:7, are required to return to the Com
missioners the cxtct ;Jumbor of taxable citizens
01 each school district of the county. A. the
amount of money revel veil front the State
Treasury for rchool purposes de vends upon
;he number of taxables returned, assessors will
see the propticty of reiorning the name of ev
ery per':na coming under that !tend. Wherev
er this duty is omitted the soliont fund of the
township is the sufferer. There is another tea
whyesses,org'shouldbe cat ehil to return
every taxable inhabi:tun r.t this time. Therioty
of apportioning the Senators and Represonta-
Lives among the seveial counties of the Com
monwealth will devolve upon the Legislature
at the approaching,sc.ssion, arid as the trienni
al assessment now about being made will form
the basis, it is of the utmost :importance that
the rennin , from Lehigh county should be
lull and complete, so that she May not be de
prived of any portion of the re presemation to
which she is justly entitled. The imperfect
manner in which this duty was pet formed, lost
her a member at the last apponionment. Let
then en trusted with the matter tell that her
representation is Oct t;lighted by a shoilar neg
feet of duty.
Manufacturers' Association
A convention or manufacturers iu Gecrgia
was held on the 17th tilt., at Stone Mountain,
and an association was formed to promote their
peculiar interest. rhe capital represented in
the convention was $1,220.000, and particular
attention was given to the cotton and, woolen
manufactories, the proprietors of which were re
quested, by resolution, to reply to the following
inquiries:
The time when they coinmenocd operations;
The quantity of raw, material annually con
sumed;
The number of spindles and,looms employed;
The style and quantity of fabric produced ;
The number, sex, color and mental and moral
condition of operatives ; •
And all other statihtical information, the publi
cation of whielt would not be inconsistent with
their respective interests.
Democratic Delegate Convention
The Democratic delegates elected by the
different townships of Lehigh county, met in
Cobvention, on Saturday the 22d day of Sep
tember, at the public house of Nathan Wcilcr.
at Fogelsville, and organized by calling JO
SEPH DIETRICII to the Chair, and the op=
pointing of Dr: Tilghman P. Shantz., Nathan
Mills• and John R. Shall, as Secretaries.
On producing credentials, it appeared that
the following were the delegates elect front
the several distr r icts, viz: •
Borotigh ef Allentown—Joeeph Dietrich, Na
than Miller, Charles 13. Daintz, Peter Weikel,
Jacob .51iller, Peter Heller and Dr. T. P. Shantz.
.A'orthampton—Sam nel Brown.
Hanover—Charles Ritter, Florentine Hoeley,
S:arfinel Rnth, Jacob Reichard and John Moyer.
Sid.tharg - Henry D. Wolf, Jacob Ritter and
henry Ritter.
Saucon—John Leith, Isaac Hartman, Jacob
Cooper, William Shaffer and Thomas B.
Cooper.
Upper Milord—Charles iFoster, Henry Dil
linger, Solornon Holder, Jacob Dietz Henry
Diefenderfer, Aaron Shaffer and rieub.Stahler.
Lotter Alacungy—Reuben Hamner, Nathan
Klotz, George Shaffer ; #drew Neurnoyer and
Charles Hickey.
111actingy—Solomon Fogel, Joseph
'iller, Benjamin Rupp and John. R. Shall.
South, Whitehall—Choi les Trnxell . George
Biong, Solomon Giietenier, jr. Dan. Guth and
Gideon IN Lux.
.IVrth 2.leKee, Henry Frantz
IV.J. Keel:. John E:dtnan, and Godfrey. Peter
Lowhill—llet.jinin Diehl and John Zint
rnem.an.
Iltise;J , :o . p.--;:ledlnick A. Wa:lace, \Vol
Stein and John Bieller.
L2,m-I'tler Snyder. Daniel Weber, Daniel
KersiAmer and James Seibeding.
Ileidelbrlyg—Jonns NO; and David Ross.
Washiiigtun—John Hex, N. Miller, and E.
Lentz.
When on motion, the Convention proceeded
to act upon, the Resolution adopted at the last
Democratic county meeting, relative to the
viva voce system of voting, in making nomina
tions at our Delegate convention. The Con
vention then voted lien voce as follows:
For the Vi%'a voce system 21 votes.
For the Ticket system 37 votes.
The oil custom Of voting by tickets, was
therefore retained.
•The Convention then proceeded to the ap
pointing of Conferees, when on motion it %vas
Resolved—That Ilehry C. Longnecker, Her
man Rupp and J. W. ‘Vilson, be appointed
conferees, to meet the conferees of Northamp
ton county, on Monday 21th inst., at Bethle
hem, for the purpose of nomiliating a suitable
person, PS a candidate for Senate to be sup
ported by the Democratic party of this district
at the next Oetober election.
After which Wm. Butler, Eso,.. the Delegate
appointed by the Carboni Comity Convention,
to inform this Convention of the nomination of
Robert K 1612.. as a candidate for the next Ceti
eral Assembly, appeared and concluded his
tnissinn. When on molon
Rcio/ced—That this Convention does motto
chcellulty and heartily mover in the nomina
tion of Ettlt'it Klotz, of Carbon enmity, and ie.--
pectin:ly iccomniend bon to the united support
of die Democracy of Lehigh.
The Coovontion Wen proceeded to ballot for
a candidate for Assembly, to be supported at
tl,e eomittp. Election, n ben
Samuel Marx had twenty-eight Votes,
GOO. IV. Fl'Ul Mg had twenty-three votes.
Fry had live votes,
David Lanry hat! I ' M! VI , :PN.
The Convention then pleceeded to a second
ballot, IA hen
Samnel 'Marx hut 33 votes
G. W. foering " 27 votes
liainnelMarx was therefore considered dully
nominated, he having a majority of the whole
numl•er of votes. '
The Convention proceeded to ballot for Trea
surer, when
Ist bal. 2nd b. 3rd h
Jacob Cackenbach. had 4 0 0
Char!cp. had 3 0 n
Dr. C. :\ 'arm, had 16 28 22
Daeid S;el7l, had 16 17 14
Aaron Troxell, had 17 15 14
John G. Brunner, had 3 0 0
Geo. S. Aleitzler, had 1 0 0
Ch a;. 11. Alartin was duly netninated, hay
ing a required majorily.
After whieh the Convention preeeetled and
made the following n oniit)n!inns :
Cornmist•ioner—San'mel 611i111, 4 f, of Hanover
Director of the Poor—Jonas I.3robA, of Upper
Mavongy.
oner—jc.lin Erdman, of North Whitehall
10 or—Geo. UI ii k, of Barron
Tinsiees--Jo,rph Nonnemacher, of Allen..
town, unit Thotrittr. O. Cooper of Saucon. On
EiSBIIM
Icso!ectlL—That Samuel 111arx he the Repre
sentative delegate to the next State Concert•
lion to nominate a Cantlidale for Canal Com-
IME=
Rcsolvcd—That the following persons consik
lute the Democratic standing Committee of
the County of Lehigh for the ensuing year. Al
lentown, Joseph Dietrich; U. Alaeungy, Benj
Rupp ; L. Maeungy, George Kayser ;S. White
hall,'Cbas. Mule; Hanover, Aaron Bast; Lynn,
Peter Snyder; Weisenburg, - JosimaSeiberling;
Washington, Chas, Peter; Sahestn, Charles W.
Cooper; Lowhill, Benj. Diehl; Northampton,
Samuel Brown ::. Whitehall, John 11. Knoll ;
Salsbure Chas. %Vetiver; U. Milford, Daniel
Erdman; Heidelburg, Jacob Ilolben.
Resolvcd—That this Convention support the
ticket this day placed in nomination, and res
pectfully recommend it to the Democracy of
this County.
Brso/vol--That the proreedings- of this Con
vention be published in the difierent.papers of
this county.
Demooratio Whig Convention
The Deinocratie Whig Delegates of Lehigh,
met in County Convention, on Monday the
24th of September, at the•house of Elias Ski
tter, in Siegersville, for the purpose of forming
a County ticket to be supported by the party
at the ensuing election: Maj. JOHN SMITH,
was called to the chair, SOlomon Klein and Dan
iel A. Guth, Vice Presidents, and Peter S. Wen ,
tier, and Daniel Yaeger, as Secretaries.
The Delegates of the respective Townships
were called over, when it appeared that the
following werP preSent to wit :
Borough ofAllento um—Peter S. Wenner,Joseph
Hartman, Nathan Dresher, J. F. Mille, F. *f
lier. H. Gr . m. Sp!. Weaver.
Northampton—George Moyer, James Kleek
ner.
Lower Ilfactingy—n. 'Yaeger, Jnsitpli Gaunt
er, Henry Gaunter, Henry Jarrett, •and Peter
Haas. „
Hanover—Sol. Keck, John H. Nade, William
Yeager, Isaac E. Chandler; and James W.
Salsburg—Sol. Klein Sen., 111. Kemmerer ; D
Bieber.
&MOM—Gen. IVetherhold, Ilezekiall Ger
hard, Chas. S. Yeager, Chas. E. Christ, Sanford
Stephen.
U 111i/f4d—Anthony MeeMing, J. Shantz,
David Klein, A. Moyer, Aaron Huber, Solomon
Kemmerer.
U. Mooingy—F. Herm, J. Iler, Wm. KM
ter. D. Smith.
S. Whitchall—A. Senareaves, John Min
nieh, Daniel Cud-, 11. Strauss Sr., and John
sflvder.
N. 117iiichall—.111neg Lentz. jr.
Stephen Grafi, Edward Schreiber, Stephen
Balliet. jr.
Lynn—.l.trnes Rickert Geo. Bnh
Ircisenburg—G. S. Eisenhart!, 1). Stonier,
Jaen!) IVerly.
Ileidelburg—Major John Smith, and John
Washington—Wm. Lentz, John Reber, John
Nave.
Rest - Jail—That no Dele , ale of this Concen•
lion, shall be nominated for any office on the
tivket about to be formed.
Resolved.—That it shall require a majority of,
all the votes east, to nominate a candidate.
The Convention then proceeded to ballot for
candidates ler-the different n aloes, \vherenpon
it appeared that the following candidates were
duly nominated:
Treasurer—Amos F.ninzer, of Allentown.
Commissioner—John A ppel, of Salsbnrg.
Poor Director—John ShifTert, of L. Al arungy.
Auditor—Aaron F.isenhard, of S. Whitehall.
Coroner—John of Lynn.
Trustees—William Saeger, of Hanover, and
Owen Sidtrieber, of North Whitehall.
The Whig party of Northampton county not
having appointed Conferees. to meet the Con
ferees of Lehigh enmity, to select a proper per
son for the Senate of this District. Therefore
Resolved—That we deem it inexpe(hetit to
nominate a Candidate for die Senate.
Resolved--That we repose the highest ennfi
dem•e in the administration of Gen. Taylor,
believing his honesty and firtnne , s of pnrpose,
tvili actuwe him in reroute:endive and carry:
ing ont.such measitre , ;as rimy he most con
ducive to all the great interests of our Re-
•Resr/red—That we rejoice whil otirfet!ow
M'bi t .r. of Lehigh county, and of the S:ate of
PennFylvania, at the tuteee,:ss of the me:l , l4es
adopted hr the pleFent toltnioh-trution for the
pindual reduelion of the Suresdelit, and a eon
segneot diminution 14 the heavy taxes with
which nq elie,es are noir burdened.
Rrsotecd--That we cordially approve of the
nomination ot Hein) M. Fuller as the ‘Vhig can
didate for Canal Commissioner, 'and that, be
lieving hint honest and capable, we embark in
the present contest with strniig confidence ;
that the re-talt will he et - totally sitece-tsful with
that which crowhed the el its of the Whigs of
Pennsylvania. and the union in the campaign
of eighteen hundred and forty-e t.
..netnit/i.d--That should a vaeatiey occur cm
this ticket. by death or resignation. the stand
111R, county committee is impowered to fill the
Fame.
Resolved—That the Proceettina. of Ott , Co..
ermine. be in the Lelittet Patriot,
Lehigh Heiald. Ft iedetirbdie. Lehigh fiegieter,
and Cuibritt Gazote.
For the Lehigh Uri;litter.
Protection to our own People.
The arguments in laverof what is called-Free
Trade" in this country, were an long ago refuted
and so totally dispelled, that people of age and
memory wonder at their revival. Special com
mittees of Congress were repeatedly appointed
to investigate the subject, and after examining it
carefully, they became ciindinced of its incom
patibility with our prosperity and independence . ,
and reported against it. Experience, that uner
ring test, has condemned it. The history of the
world shows that most of the errors in the poli
cy of nations have been owing to new genera-
tions forgetting the lessons and experience of
their forefathers. Let us not despise the wisdom,
oldie great and good men who established our in
dependence, framed our constitution, advanced
us to prosperity, and died uttering prayers for
our success and happiness. There Was no free
.trade man among them. Their maxim was that
..whatever tends to increase in any country the
number of artificers and manufacturers, tends
to increase the home market, the most import
ant of all markets for the produce of the soil."
" Under Washington's administration this sub
ject was fully considered. The celebrated report
made to Congress by the Secretary of the Treas
ury, in 1701, recommended protection to manu
factures, and said—• There seems to be a moral
certainty that.the trade of a country, which is
both manufacturing and agricultural, will be
more lucrative & prosperous than that of a m a in-
try which is merely agricultural. That mannfac
turink establishments occassiOn—lst, a divis
ion of labor, S'.d. an extension of the use of ma
chinery; 3d, additional employment to classes
of the community not ordinarily engaged in the
business; 4th, the promotion of emigration from
foreign countries; sth the furnishing of greater
scope for the diversity of talents and dispositions,
1 6th, the afros • ;g, a more ample and various
field fore erprise ; 7th, the creating, in some
instances, new, and securing in all a more steady
demand for the surplus product of the soil.—
Each of these circumstances has a considerable
influence on the total mass of industrious enlist
in a community, and together, they add to it a
degree of energy and effect not easily conceiVed."
Do these wise maxims require proof? Look
at Spain,
,Portugal, Italy, Poland, Ireland, Can
ada, all highly favored in soil and climate, but
with their energies and prosperity blasted, by
fostering foreign, and frowning domestic indus
try: while all nations that have protected their,
industry have prospered, jest in proportion
to that protection. Ireland was ruined by
the jealousy of England. Guthrie's history
says: "In 1699 the Lords and Common's of
England addreSsed King William to employ his
influence in Ireland to suppress the woolen man-
ufactures there; to which he answered the lords,
'His majesty will take care.to do what their lord
ships have desired"—and to the Commons he an
swered, shall do all that in me lies, to discour
age the woolen trade in Ireland ;' and, indeed, so
succesfully was this baneful influence employed,
that they passed an act laying heavy duties on
the export of'woolens to England, where a law
was also passed in the following year prohibiting
the Itish exports to other countries, so that the
manufacture was as completely annihilated as it
could be by law. It would be absurd to pay any
attention to the reasons which were assigned in
justification of this proceeding. It was in !Ito
the argument of strength against weakness and
division. They (the Irish) possessed that man
ufacture, as has been shown, fur ages before,
which was the staple that employed the greater
part of the nation ; that clothed her people, and
supplied a great and valuable export. The im
mediate consequence to Ireland showed the val
ue of what she had lost. Many thousands of
manufacturers were obliged to leave the king
, dom for want of etnployment, Many of the south-
ern and western counties were so depopulated
that they have not yet recovered a reasnable
number ofinhabitants, and the whole kingdom
was reduced to the greatest poverty and distress."
This was the policy of England, and she still
pursues it, wherever her influence can reach.
Her manufactures are the great source of her
wealth and strength, and she would, to protect
them, sacrifice the interest of every other nation.
The late address of the British League in Cana
da to the inhabitants, says : "Unprotected by an
adequate tariff we have continued to consume
a vast amount of British manufactures, While
our produce—the principal source upon which
I we rely for their payment, has rarely entered the
British market, except ate sacrifice. The ; result
has been a - monetary pressure, extensive 'bank
ruptcy, and general distress."
Such has been the cry of every nation that has
.had to do with England; and she is no exerei
sing her baneful influence on these United States.
It may be taken as granted, that certain arti
I cle.s necessary to the independence of a nation
should always he manufactured at home , : "P"
eially when the tatty material; are:11)11701w, and
'laying waste. In our last war with Great Brit
I ian we were reduced to great anxiety a nrldistress
for blankets, to clothe our 'troops; for iron to
make instratnetits of war.; ur saltpetre and brim
! stone to make powder; and fur many other ar
tholes essential to our sneers,. We failed in our
I attack on Canada, we lost one 1t• m 1 I!, army rm.
Ides General Hall, for want of monitions of war.
which our rountry ren'd not kilt - Tic. The Sec•
I rotary of War reported to C ur.gre:s that he was
unable to procure six thousand blankets for our
soldiers. What a condition for our great Repub.
lie! We are again told we should put no restric
t
lions on, track, but open our ports for all nations
to enter them freely. This is recommended as
good policy. But what wont,' now be our cnn•
dition if we hail practised it? We should
be dependent nn England, as we were fifty
years ago, for articles nercessary moor exis.
fence ; for ploughs, harrows. spades. scythes, and
I all n"rienhural instruments; fur all articles of
nothing; for arms to defend ourselves; and for
nearly every thing that we now manufacture at
home. We shonld scarcely have a ship on the
ocean; for while all ships would he free in our
ports. (qtr ships w..ir Id lue subject to duties and re
strictions in foreign ports, and could not com
pete with others in ;he carrying trade. We have
gone quite far enough, in allowing ships of for.
sign nations to enter our poets on the same foot
hip, that ours.,ips are allowed to enter ; theirs.—
Even this lost us the carrying . ' trade with the Han•
seatic towns,and stumeofthe Baltic ports, whose
ships are built and sailed cheaper than ours.
The doctrine of free trade may he very pretty ,
in theory, hut praCtical men cannot entertain it.
Nations must be protected by laws and restric
thins as well as individuals. .
Suppose we were to fell farmers they should
tear down their fences and leave all their fields
and pastures free ['or strange cattle to feed on.
They would think it the folly of madness. He
who had most cattle would fare best; and so with
free trade : that nation with most manufactures,
longest established, would take possession of our
markets to the exclusion of our own fabrics, and
the ruin of our own workmen. It is said "Eng
land cannot take our produce unless we take
an equivalent in her manufactures, or she would
.have to pay the balance in specie, and would be
drained itt a few years." Nobody acquainted
with commerce could entertain such an idea,
which excludes all consideration of exchanges
with other parts of the world. There are hun
dreds of channels through which she could pay
us. Suppose we send England a cargo of cot
ton, and we buy a cargo of coffee in Brazil ; we
can pay ftir the coffee by bills on England, and
she can meet the bills by her goods to Brazil.
China takes little or nothing from as bat specie
in payment for her teas and silks, and yet oPe
have import?'ll them fir more than sixty years.
ft is argued, that a low tariff will afford to Gov
ernment the largest revenue. This is . not the
case—but suppose it were so, it would be by en
couraging larger Imports ; and the people, to pay
our government 20 per cent duty, would have td
pay foreigners 80 per cent for the goods. ThiS
would indeed be an extravagant method of pro
cut ing revenue ; any other system would be bet
ter. We should consider, that what we spend
abroad is loSt ; but what we spend at home re
mains among us, and continues to be a' part of
the wealth of our country.- MI experienced com
mercial nations have as far as possible avoided
duties ad valorem ; but we have adopted the prin.:
ciple in defiance of experiene, and we already
feel its pernicious effects. Our government and
people arc defrauded by false invoices made out
by foreigners purposely; while our own riser=
chants, who disdain to cheat their country, arc
unable to compete with them, and are suffering
great loss in their legitimate business. More
than three fourths of our foreign commerce is
now in the hands of strangers, and the amount
of goods we import and pay for is greatly more
than our custom house returns, because they
are undervalued to evade duties:
It has been sneeringly asked, "if our manufac
turers are still in their infancy, after being estab
lished for sixty years?" Certainly for Most of
them are in their infancy, for they have not been
allowed to grow to maturity ; but have had pro
tection withdrawn from them repeatedly before
they could stand alone. Take, for example, the
manufacture of iron Attempts were made to com
mence it when we were colonists, but the English
manufacturers complained to parliament that we
were interfering with the ma rket, and orders were
sent from England to the British Governors here
to shut up our furnaces by force. Alter we be
came Independent, the iron manufacture rose and.
fell just in proportion to the protection it receiv
ed ; but it never was supported long enough to
gain a firm footing. At length the tariff of 1842
was pasted, as a compromise tariff; with assur
ance to the people that they may depend on its
permanence. They again commenced operations
though with fear and trembling. Sites for iron
works were purchased ; buildings were erected,
machinery constructed, materials in the earth
sought, mines opened, millions of dollars were
expended, and immense contracts made. But be
fore the works could get fairly into operation,
the tariff of 1810 was enacted, and our people
were again entrapped. What could they do ?
It was as fatal to stop as to go on ; and they had
to struggle for existence against the old and weal
thy establishments of Cleat Britain; that could
affi?d to make sacrifices to brcalt them do ten, and
gain possession of our markets. Our Atlantic cit
ies are now filled with British iron, ofli!red at
prices less than it cost. In 1642 English rail
road bars were selling at $7O. Our iron works
can now furnish better rails at $55, and offer
them at $5O; but the English have come down
to $4O, at which neither they nor we can afford
that, but they know if they can but break down
our works the market will again be theirs, and
the price what they please.
The English ate Watching, the death strug„fle,
and have their agents traveling among our works
to ascertain the price and the amount of sacri
fice necessary to accomplish their design. Last
year the importation of iron amounted to twelve
millions of dollars, and the present year they are
expected to amount to more than fifteen million
of dollars. Most if our rolling mills are alrea
dy prostrated. %Voliiiiit rolling mills, furnaces
wilt be metes:3, and they are now lingering in
hope of relief from Congress. Furnaces and
rolling mills are the chief consumers or coal,
and a; ditty st , p, the vita! Ito•Me;ti most stiffer
greatly ; ;to St, , r4l
on-
I,,,rntut c.to t!, ;tr. , •b.pi ot;cd by
I ile:Nt• real 11,41..`.
nt ig ~ •t. tth 11 - 1,11,
il'f l I; hut ruined.
w:l i ,u-i L:• .
Woe!) ,i postrated, ev
ery ~ t h, r busilie.,s w h Ic el the shock. Hundreds
of ihoosandserrinanutatui machinists,
chanics, miners, boatmen, and laborers of all
kinds, will be thrown out of employment, to suf
fer in idleness and poverty, with their wives and
children. Trace the consequences a line furth
er, and behold these workmen and their families
without food, their children without clothing,
and, what is worse, without schooling, exposed
to ignorance, and vice, and ruin, and then tell
these poor laboring men—“lf you can not wtirk .
as cheaply as the wretched serfs of Europe . , you
shall have no work at all." Is this American po
licy I God forbid ! What has caused the hue and
outcry against these poor men I What have they
done, chat they shall not be allowed room in this
country for their feet to stand on I We must have
manulticturers, - mechanics, and laborers, and
they must live somewhere. Shall it be in Eu
rope, and we pity them wages there to support
royalty, and nobility, and institutions inimical
to our own I Or shall we eidablish them on our
own soil, and under our men republican Manua
thins, and have them to spend their wages among
us in the purchase 01' our agricultural products'',
The laboring population are the bone and sinew
.of ourcountry—the vet). wealth and strength of
the nation. Nearly all our people, farmers, me
chanics, and manufacturers, are laborerk; and:
we honor them for their industry. We look on,
idleness as a vice. Why then should we deny
encouragement to our manufacturers and me
chanics'! It is absurd to suppose they can all be
come farmers, separated and scattered over.the'
face of the country, without cities and without
the proximity and intimacy necessary for
im
provelnent and the promotion of science...lt
would make all producers and no consumers;
and the great farming interests of the'cutintry
would also be ruined. In matters of economy,
there is a.plain mid simple rule that everybody
can understand ,and will adinit. It is, to make
more and buy lees. This rule applies to indi
viduals and families as well as nations. The
policy of protection recommended by our fore
fathers cannot be wrong.. It is fuunded l upon
wisdom ; it is proved by experience, qnd should
be held as Gospel. The . peoplehave blitigsay
it shall be—and it will be.
Agency al Iklidaysburg.—The Farmers bank
of Lanca IT has established nn agency frif
transaction of n general banking and exiih4nie
business. It has been plated under the charge
of R. R. Bryan. E .q, a gentle man
. whoSe integrity,
.energy and industry, added to considerable ex,:
perience in the business of banking, emineialyr
qualify him for the responiblepost,