RATES OF ADVERTISING.
Now lines or less constitute half a square. Ten lines
or more than four, constitute a square.
Half sq., one di..— 50 30 On sq., one day. oo 6o
It one w ee k .. —1 2B " Oae Week.... 200
• c one mouth_ 300 ,g the m th 660
• g three months 500 gc months 10'00
" aixm3ntbs.. 800 " six months.. 15 00
" one year,___l2 00 c , one year —2O 03
it r Business notices inserted in the LOCAL COLIILI,
or before marriages and deaths, TEN CENTS PER LINE for
each insertion. To merchants and others advertising
toy the year, liberal terms will be offered.
117 The number of insertions must be designated On
he advertisement.
1.17 . Marriages and Deaths will be inserted at the mune
ates as regular advertisements.
•
,illistellantous.
PENSIONS, BOUNTIES, BACK PAY;
War Claims and Claims ler Indemnity.
sT ENGLE,T, STEVENS, CLARK & CO.,
4itornew and Couneolkers-at-Law and Solicitors
for all kinds of Military &ins,
450 PENNbYLVANIA. AVENUE,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
This firm, having a thorough knowledge of the Pen.
eion Business, and being familiar with the practice in
ail the Departments of Government, believe that they
can Wort greater facilities to Pension, Bounty, and
other Claimants, for the prompt and successful &acorn.
plishment of business entrusted to them, than any other
drm in Washington. They desire to secure such an
amount of this business as will enable them to execute
the business for each claimant very cheaply, and on the
basis of thai, pay contingent upon their SIiGC63B is each
ease. Bar this purpose they will secure the services of
Law Firms in each prominent locality throughout the
States where such business may be had, furnish such
with all the necessary blank forma of application and
evidence, requisite printed pamphlet instructions, and
circulars for distribution in their vicinity, with asso
ciates names inserted, and upon the due execution of
the papers and transmission of the same to them by
their local associates, they will promptly perform the
business here.
Cr Their charges will be Ins dollars for officers and
Pis dollars for privates, for each Pension or Bounty and
Back Pay obtained, and ten per cent, on amount of
Claims for Military Supplies or Claims for Indemnity.
11 - 7 Soldiers enlisted since the Ist of March, 1861, in
any kind of service, Military or Naval, who are disabled
by disease or wounds, are entitled to Pensions. All
soldiers who serve for two years, or during the war,
should it sooner close, will be entitled to $lOO Bounty.
Widows of soldiers who die or are killed, are entitled to
Pensions, and the $lOO Bounty. If there be no widow,
then the minor children. And if no minor children,
then the father, mother, sisters or brothers are enti
:AA as above to the $lOO Bounty and Back Pay.
JOSEPH B. STEWART,
DEBTOR L. STEVENS,
EDWARD CLARK,
OSCAR A. PTEVENS,
WILLIS B. GAYLORD.
WASHINGTON, D. 0., 1862.
11:7* Apply at our office, or to our Associate at
HAsansamm, PA—JOHN A. BILLER, Attorney and
Counsellor.
Prnsavaa, PA.—ARMIES & RIDDELL, Atter.
aoye-at-Law.
1"6118VIL111, PA .—Wkl. R. SMITH, Attorney and
Counsellor_
POMADELPHIA, PA.—J. G. MINNIOHELD, 48 Alwood
street, WM. M. SMITH, Attorney and Counsellor.
ivAenneavos, PA.—BOYD CRUMEINCE, Attorney
and Counsellor.
jyaLdly
JACKSON & CO.'S
SHOE STORE,
WO. 90X MAIIKAT STRAIT,
HABBISBILRG, PA.,
Mare they otend to devote their entire time to the
annufoofure of
BOOTS AND SHOES
aU kinds and varieties, in the neatest and most lash.
Quaid° styles, and at satisfactory prices.
Their stock will consist, in part, of Gantiammea
Calf and Parent Leather Boots and Shoes, latest styles;
Ladies , and Misses' Gaiters, and otherillhoes in great
variety; and in fact everything connected with the
Shoe business.
CUSTOMER WORK willbe piwticalarly attendedto,
and in all cases will satisfaction be warranted. Lasts
*fed up by on of flu bat makers in the country.
The long practical experience of the undersigned, and
their thorough knowledge of the. business will, they
trust, be sufficient guarantee to the public that they
will do them justice, and furnish them an article that
will recommend itself for utility, cheapness and dare-
Uardo] JACKSON & CO.
MURINGER' t.. S LAT i r t T f BEEF TEA,
BEEF AND VEGETABLES,
Convertible immediately into a nourishing and den
t:down soup. Highly approved by a number of eminent
714.44 , :eiaiss.
This admirable article eondensed bites compact form,
all the substantial and nutritive properties of a large
bulk of meat and vegetables. The readiness with which
it dissolves into a rich and palatable Soup, which would
require hours of preparation according to the usual
method, is an advantage in many situations of life,.too
obvious to need urging. Its highly nourishing qualities
eombined with its delicacy, renders it invaluable for the
disk; while for those in health, nip a perfectsubstitute
for fresh meat and vegetables. It will keep good in any
climate.
It is peculiarly well adapted FOR TRAVELERS, by
land or sea, who can thus avoidthose accidentaldepriva
ions of a comfortable meal, to which they are sellable.
808 INVALIDS, whose capricious appetite can thus
m satisfied in a moment.
JOB SPORTSMAN and AXOURSIONISTS. to whom,
both its compactness and easy preparation will recom
mend it. For sale by
sep24-tf
CHARTER OAK
FAMILY FLOUR!
UNEXCELLED BY ANY IN THE U. STATES !
AND SUPERIOR TO ANY
T Y $3 Ft. AL MI IS
OFFERED IN PENNSYLVANIA!
IT TB MADE OP
tittOttE MIMOVItt WRITE WHEAT.
Mr - Delivered any place in the city free of charge.
Tams cash on delivery.
.1303 WM. DOCK, da., A 00.
A BOOK FOR THE TIMES 1
American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of
Important Enema for the Year 1861. In 1 vol.
8 vo. over 750 pages. Cloth .p 3, Leather $3.50.
Published by D. Appleton 4. Co., New York.
The design of this work is to furnish a record of all
the important knowledge of the year. The events of
the war, owing to their prominence, will, of course ea
oupy a conspicuous part, but all other branches-28d
mme, Art, Literature, the Mechanic Arts, &e., will re
-ceive due attention. The work will be published ex
clusively by subscription, and ready for delivery in Tune
nest.
Also, now complete:
Benton's .Debates of Congress ,16 volumes, $3 and $3 00
per yawns&
Bentents Thirty Years in U. S. Senate 22 volumes, $2.50
and $3 per
Cyclopedia of American Eloquence, containing the
speeches of the most eminent Orators of America, 14
steel portraits, 2 vols. $2.50 each.
Part/ nit Life and Times of Andrew Jackson, 3 volumes,
$2.50 each.
Address J. F. STRABBALIGH, Harrisburg, Pa.
General Agent for H. APPLETON & Co.
For Circulars descriptiveof Annual Cyclopedia.
epril3-dtcwtt
DYOTTYILLE GLASS WORKS,
PHILADELPHIA,
ILLAUFACTURI
CARBOYS, DEmijogNis,
WI NI, PORTER, MINERAL WATER, PICKLE AND
,FRESERVE BOTTLES
OF ITART DIMMTPTION.
H. B. & G. W. BANNERS,
4e12-itl7 27 South Nront ataret, Philadelphia.
TAPANESE izA:—A choice lot of
0 this celebrated Tea just received. It is of the first
cargo ever imported, and is much superior to the Ohi
nese Teas in quality, strength and fragrance, and is also
entirely free of adulteration, coloring or mixture of any
hind.
It is the natural leaf of the Japenese Tea Plant.
For sale by WM. DOCK, jr., & CO.
34000 BUSHELS York State Potatoes ;
of different kinds,
,
1,400 Bushels York State Apples,
A. choice lot of York State Butter.
Aiao, a superior lot of Catawba Grapes, and 80 bushels
,Bh e itharks,just received and for sale low by
IL W . BIBLE & CO.,
No. 106 Market street.
decl-dtf
ACKERE•L!
MACKEREL, Kai. 1, 2 and 3, la all Ole ad paakager—
nsw, and each package warranted. Just received and
for isle low bY WM. DOCK, Jr- & do.
QELF SEALING FRUIT JARS !-
seat and Cheeped in the markets! OW and
examine them,
WM. DOCK. I'., & Co.
WM. DOOR, JE., & CO
7 --......77" - -: ::.
* .
atriot
._,:,....„..„...........__,..J.,_
,
1..._„. ..,... _
...• ,
11.1pki.IA
_.
_. .......
___
VOL. 5.-NO. 218
Ouointoe garbs.
WM. H. MILLER,
ND •
R. E. FE A RGUSON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
OFFICE IN
SHOEMAKER'S BUILDINGS
SECOND STREET,
BETWEEN WALNUT and MARKET SQUARE,
ap29.d&w Nearly opposite the Buehler House.
T HOS. C. MACDOWELL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
MILITARY CLAIM AND PATENT AGEIVT.
o . ffice in Burke's Row, Third street, (Up Stairs.)
Having formed a connection with parties in Wash
ington City, woo are reliable business men, any busi
ness connected with any of the Departments will meet
with immediate and careful attention. mB-y
FRED. SCHNEIDER,
MEADOW LANE,
A PRACTICAL DYER FROM GERMANY,
Takes this mode to inform the public and his numer
ous friends that he has fitted up a DYEING ROOM,
In Meadow Lane, in the city of Harrisburg, Pa.
Where, he is prbpared to do anything in dyeing, as
Silk, Woolen, Cotton, etc., warranted for good.
ap2B-dam
TAILORING.
ior . A.. S X.. "CT Gir .
The subscriber is ready at NO. 94, MkRIUT ST.,
four doors below Fourth street, to make
MEN'S AND BOY'S CLOTHING
In any desired style, and with skill end promptness.
Persona wishing cutting done can hare it done at the
shortest notice. ap27-dly
WEICHEL,
tl SURGEON AND OCULIST,
RESIDENCE THIRD NRAR NORTH STRUT.
He is now folly prepared to attend promptly to the
duties of profession in all its branches.
A LOINF I.IID TART EitIOOIIII3I3FIIL MEDICAL ELP2IIIIOIII
plata.* him in promising fall and ample satisfaction to
all who may favor hkin with a call, be the disease Ohronle
or any other nature. mlB-d&wly
CHARLES F. VOLLNEE,
UPHOLSTERER,
Chestnut street, four doors above Second,
(OPPOSITE WASHINGTON ROSH Houss,)
Ie prepared to furnish to order, in the very beet style of
workmanship. Spring and Flair Mattresses, Window anr.
tabu, Lounges, and all other articles of Furniture in hie
line, on short notice end moderate terms. Haying ex
perience in the business, he feels warranted in asking •
share of public patronage, confident of his ability to give
satisfaction. janl7-4111
SILAS WARD.
NO. 11, NORTH TUIRD ST., HAnwinnuno.
STEINWAY'S PIANOS,
MELODEONS, VIOLINS, GUITARS,
Banjos, Flutes, Fifes, Drums, Accordeona,
STRINGS, SHEET AND BOOK KIISID, &0., &0.,
PHOTOGRAPH FRAMES, ALBUMS,
Large Pier and Mantle Mirrors, Square and Oval Framer
of every desorlptionmade toorder. Reguildingdoni.
Agency for !towels Sewing Machines.
frr Sheet Music sent by Mail. ootl-1
JOHN W. GLOVER,
111ERCIIIANT TAILOR!
Has just received from New York, an assort
ment of
SEASONAWLE, •
widen he offers to his customers sad the public tit
nov22) MODERATE PRICES. dtf
WHARRY WILLIAM S,
•
01-aLIM ALCVMIV I I",
402 WALNUT STRIEST,
PHILADELPHIA.
General Claims for Soldiers promptly collected, State
Chime stinted, &e., &c. mar2o-dlm
SMITH & EWING, •
ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
THIRD STREET, Harrisburg,
Practice in the several Courts of Dauphin county. Col
lections made promptly. A. C. SMITH,
7. B. EWING.
JCOOK, Merchant Tailor,
s 27 IHIJOHTHT 01., between Second and Front,
Has just returned from the city with an assortment of
CLOTHS, CASSIMERES AND TESTIIVOS,
Which will be sold at moderate prices and made np to
order i and, also, an assortment of READY MADE
Clothing and Gentlemen's Furnishing Coeds.
ncor2l-lid
DENTISTRY.
B. 111., GMEA, D. D. S.,
4•016.
o r gi r g N 0 . 119 MARKET STREET,
BRY 1 KUNKEL'S BUILDING, UP STAIRS.
janS-tf
RELIGIOUS BOOK STORE,
TRACT AND SUNDAY SCHOOL DEPOSITORY,
E. S. GERMAN,
sf 13013TU BROOND STRIMITI ABM OHNBSI7T,
RIZZISIOIO, PA.
Depot forthe sale of Stereoeeopee,StereogeopieViewe,
Music and Musical Instruments. Also, subscriptions
tsken for religions publications. noBo-417
JOHN G. W. MARTIN,
FASHIONABLE
CARD WRITER,
BRIM'S HOTEL, HARRISBURG., PA.
All manner of VISITING, WEDDING AND BUSI
NESS CARDS executed in the most artistic styles and
moat reasonable terms. decli-dtr
UNION HOTEL,
Ridge Avenue: corner of Broad street,
HARRISBURG, PA.
The undersigned informs the public that he has re
cently renovated and refitted hie well-known " Union
Hotel on Ridge avenue, near the Round House, and is
"
prepared to accommodate citizens, strangers and travel•
era in the best style, at moderate rates.
Ills table will be supplied with the best the maekete
afford, and at his bar will be found superior brands of
liquors and malt beverages. The very best accommo
dations for railroaders employed at the shops in this
vicinity raid dtfl HENRY BOSTGRN.
FRANKLIN ROUSH,
DALTIMONN, MD.
This pleasant and commodious Hotel has been tho
roughly re-fitted and re-furnished. It is pleasantly
situated on North-West corner of Howard and Franklin
streets a few doors west of the Northern Central Rail
way De pot. livery attention paid to the comfort of his
guests. G. LNISIMIRING, Proprietor,
je3.2-tf (Late of Selina Grove. Pa.)
THEO. F. SOHEFFER
BOOK, CARD AND JOB PRINTER,
NO. 18 MARKET STUNS?, HARRISBURG.
113 Particular attentioa paid to printing, ruling and
binding of Railroad Blanks, Manifests, Insurance Poli
cies, Checks, Bill-Heade, Ac.
Wedding, Visiting and Business Cards printed at very
ion prices and in the best style. jan3l.
MUSIC EITORkI!
NO. 98 MARKET STREET, HARRISBURG, PA.
SHEET MUSIC, PIANOS,
MELODEONS, GUITARS,
VIOLINS, BANJO STRINGS,
Of every deaerlptlon.
DRI7BIB, WIPES, FLUTES, ACCORDIONS, etc., at
the lowest CITY PRIWC. Ell EB, at •
0011/1 MIISIO STORE ]
No. 98 Masai? STRICIV.
Ilik.hadiSduktG, PA:, FRIDAY, MAY 15, 1863
T H E
Weekly "Patriot & Union,"
THE CHEAPEST PAPER PUBLISHED IN
PENNSYLVANIA
MID
THE ONLY DEMOCRATIC PAPER PUBLISHED AT
THE SEAT OP GOVERNMENT !
FORTY-FOUR COLUMNS OF READING MAT
TER EACH WEEK!
AT THE LOW PRICE OF ONE DOLLAR
AND FIFTY CENTS !
WHEN
SUBSCRIBED FOR IN CLUBS OF NOT LESS
THAN TEN COPIES 70 ONE ADDRESS!
We have been compelled to raise the club subscription
price to one dollar and fifty cents in order to save our•
selves from actual loss. Paper has risen, including
taxes, about twenty-five per cent., and is still rising;
and when we tell our Democratic friends, candidly, that
we an no longer afford to sell the Weekly PATRIOT AND
UNION at one dollar a year. and must add fifty cents or
stop the publication, we trust they will appreciate our
position, and, instead of withdrawing their shbacrip
tions, go to work with a will to increase our list in every
county in the State. We have endeavored, and shall
continue our efforts, to make the paper useful as a party
organ, and welcome as a news messenger to every fam
ily. We flatter ourselves that it has not been without
some influence in producing the glorious revolution in
the politics of the State achieved at the late election ;
and if fearlessness in the discharge of duty, fidelity to
the principles of the party, and au anitione desire to pro.
mote its interests, with some experience and a moderate
degree of ability, can be made serviceable hereafter, the
Weekly PATRIOT AND UNION win not be less useful to
the party or less welcome to the family circle in the fu
ture than it has been in the past. We confidently look
for increased encouragement in this great enterprise,
and appeal to every influential Democrat in the State to
lend us his aid in running our sipscription list up to
twenty or thirty thousand. The expense to each indi
vidual is trifling, the benefit to the party may be great.
Believing that the Democracy of the State feel the ne
cessity of sustaining a fearless central organ, we Mate
this appeal to them for assistance with the fullest confi
dence of success.
The same reasons which induce us to raise the price
of the Weekly, operate in regard to the Daily'paper, the
price of which is also increased. The additional cost to
each subscriber will be but trifling; and, while we can
not persuade ourselves that the change necessarily made
will result in any diminution of our daily Circulation,
yet, were we certain that such would be the conse
quence, we should still be compelled to make it, or suf
fer a ruinous loss. Under these circumstances we must
throw ourselves upon the generosity, or, rather, the
justice of the public, and abide their verdict, whatever
it may be.
The period for which many of our subscribers hale
paid for their paper being on the eve of expiring, we
take the liberty of issuing this notice, reminding them
of the came, in orderthat they may
RENEW THEIR CLUBS.
We shall also take it as an especial favor if onr present
subscribers will urge upon their neighbors the fact that
the Pavaiov AND UNION is the only Democratic paper
printed in Harrisburg, and considering the large amount
of reading matter, embracing all the current news of
the day, and
TELEGRAPHIC DISPATCHES
From everywhere up to the moment the paper goes to
preen, political,-miseellaneons, general and local newa
market reports, is decidedly the
CHEAPEST NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED IN
THE STATE!
There is scarcely a village ex town in the Stele in
which a club cannot be raised if the proper exertion be
made, and surely there are few places in which one or
more energetic men cannot be found who are in favor of
the dissemination of sound Democratic doctrines, who
would be willing to make the effort to raise a club.
DEMOCRATS OF THE INTERIOR I
Let us hear from you. The existing war, and the ap•
pro/whirl sessions of Congress and the State Legisla•
tam, are invested with unusual interest, and every mM
should have the news,
TERMS.
DAILY PATRIOT AND UNION.
Single copy for one year, in advance 0 00
Single copy during the session of the Legislature.. 2 00
City subscribers ten cents per week.
Copies supplied to agents at the rate of $1 60 per bun.
dred.
WEEKLY PATRIOT AND UNION,
Published every Thursday.
Single copy one year, in advance $2 00
Ten copies to one address
Subscriptions may eemmenee at any time. PAY AL•
WAYS IN ADVA.I44 Clt. We are obliged to make this
imperative. In every insfance cask must accompany
subscription. Any pertou sanding us a club of twenty
subscribers to the Weekly will be entitled to a copy for
his services. The price, even at the advanced rate is
so low that we cannot offer greater induceinents than
this. Additions maybe made at any time to a club of
subscribers by remitting one dollar and fifty centa
for each additional name. It is not necessary to send
as the names of those constituting a club, as we cannot
Undertake to address each paper to club subscribers
separately. Bpecimeneopies of the Weekly will be sent
to all who desire it.
0. BARRETT & CO., Harrisburg, Pa
N.B,—The following law ; passed by Congress an IMO,
delines the duty of Postmasters in relation to the de
livery of newspapers to club subscribers :
(See Lane, Brow!.* Co.'s edition of tht Laws of 1860,
page 88; c hapter 131, section 1.)
“Provided, however, that where packages of new pa
pers or periodicals are received at any post office directed
to one address, and the names of the club subscribers to
which Ihey belong, with the postage for a quarter in ad
vance, shall be banded to the postmaster, he shall de
liver the same to their respective owners,V
To enable the Postmaster to comply with this regula
tion, it will be necessary that he be furnished with the
list of names composing the club, and paid a quarter's
(or year's) postage in advance. The uniform courtesy
of Postmasters, affortho the assurance that they will
cheerfuliyaccommonate club subscribers, and the latter
should take care that the postage, which is but a trifle
In each case, be paid in advance. Send on the clubs
QOLDIEWS CAMP COMPANION.-
A very convenient Writing Desk ; also, Portfolios,
Memorandum Books, Portroonnales, &0., at
130HEITZRI BOOKSTODE
NOTIONS.—Quite a variety of useful
and entertaining artielea—eheap—at
BOHEFFERII BOOMTOWN.
LIRENCH MUSTARD, ENGLISH and
.12 Domestic Pickles, (by the demon or hundred,) Su•
prior Salad Oil, Ketchup, Sauces anti condiments of
every description, for sale by
my2s WM. DOCK, Js., & CO
TIAMS, DRIED BEEF, BOLOGNA
SAUSAGES, TONGUES, &c., for sale low, by
WM. DOCK. Ja., & 1'
T ADIES! YOU KNOW WERE YOU
can get fine Note Paper, Envelopes, Visiting and
Wedding Cards ? At SCHEFFER , S BOOKSTORE.
FOR RENT—Two desirable OFFICE
ROOMS, second story front of Wyatt'le Building,
corner of Market Square and Market street. Apply at
his office Goland if
TTERMETICALLY SEALED
1.1. Peaches, Tomatoes, Lobster, Salmon, OrterS,
Spiced Oysters, for sale by WM. DOCK, jr., & CO.
MEW ORLEANS SUGAR!-FIRST IN
111$ MARKET :--YOr sale by
3714 WM. DOCK as., & CO.
WAR 1 WAR I—BRADY, No. 62
Market street, below Third, has received a large
assortment of SWORDS ; Beaune and BZLTS, which he
will sell very low. altd-dtf
Elie 'l,l grid i Rion.
FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 15, 1863
BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG
MR. EMIL SCHALK ON THE LAST OPERA
TION ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK, AND
THE CAUSES OF ITS FAILURE.
From the Philadelphia Preen, May 9
To the Editor of the Press:
Sin:—When battles are fought in which
thousands and thousands of brave soldiers are
immolated, but which, notwithstanding the
great sacrifice, do not obtain an adequate re
sult for the enormous loss of life, is it then not
the duty of every friend of the country to in
quire into the cause of the disasters which
cover a whole nation with mourning, and
which, in its history, remain a dark spot on
its glory?
The late battles of Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville, with its hecatombs of human
beings, may, like nearly all other lost battlfs
of this war, be traced directly to the mistakes
of the generals commanding, and it is but just
that the whole country should have a clear
insight into those mistakes,, for it may be that
thus more errors in future will be avoided.
Looking at the map it will be seen that the
rebel army, in its encampments near Frede
ricksburg, held a line running from northwest
to southeast; its right wing was extended as
far down as Port Royal, on the Rappahannock;
its left wing rested above Fredericksburg, on
the same river. This army has only two main
lines of retreat. One towards Richmond, the
other towards Gordonsville. It cannot retreat
to the east., or southeast, as such a march
would carry it into the Potomac, or York river.
Under these circumstances, the natural point
of attack is the rebel left wing. If this wing
is seriously defeated, and the victory rapidly
followed up, the rebel army would be pressed
from its two lines of retreat, against the south
east; thrown against the rivers, it would be
finally obliged to surrender—the same fate
which befel the Prussian army after the battle
of Jena. Crossing, therefore, above Frede
ricksburg, at United States Ford, for instance,
marching tepidly to Chancelloraville, and Gui
ney, on the railroad, (or, if the last move be
considered too daring, moving straight from
Chan celloreville against Fredericksburg,)
would be the correct strategical move to ob
tain the desired result, viz: the destruction of
the rebel army. Utmost speed, concentration
of force, and utmost daring, would guarantee
a complete success.
General Hooker arranged his plans of attack
as follows :---He had seven army corps ; of
these, three were massed below Fredericks
burg, to cross there and make a feint attack
on the rebels, two of the corps, immediately
after the crossing, to return and join General
Hooker, who, meanwhile, was crossing with
the four remaining corps at several fords, some
ten or twenty miles above Fredericksburg.
On Sunday, 27th of April, the movement
was commenced ; on Monday it was continued,
and on Tuesday morning the three corps below
Fredericksburg, and on Tuesday night and
Wednesday morning the four corps above
Fredericksburg made good their crossing.
On Wednesday and Thursday the main army
moved to Chaneellorsville, some five miles from
the principal eressinrpheerinaking.itvemallea
in thirty-six hours. Friday was occupied in
throwing up entrenchments; Saturday the
fighting seriously commenced ; Saturday eve
ning, only, as it appears, the two remaining
corps arrived from below. Sunday, another
attack, and repulse of the main army. Mean
while, Sedgwick carries the entrenchment be
hind Fredericksburg. By Sedgwick's move
ment two lines of operations are clearly formed,
the two Union armies separated by a distance
of some twenty miles ; the rebels in a central
position between them. While all these MAT
merits are carried out, the whole cavalry under
Gen. Stoneman is detached on a raid in
,the
rear of the rebel army.
Gen. Lee, without heeding the cavalry in his
rear, waits quietly in his entrenchments till
the Union movement is fully developed. He
easily discerns the feint from the real attack.
He throws his whole force against Gen. Hooker,
whom he confronts on Thursday evening, giv
ing up, meanwhile, his entrenchment& near
Fredericksburg. Hooker IN beaten on Batur
day. 'On Sunday, scarcely is he on the defen
sive when Gen. Lee, by means of his interior
line forces, marches Sunday night, and throws,
on Monday, the mass of his forces against
Sedgwick, who the day before had carried the
fortifications near Fredericksburg. Sedgwiek
is beaten, crippled, and scarcely escapes an
nihilation. After this triple check Gen. Hooker
gives up the contest and recrosses the river.
By what we have said above of the position
of the rebel army, it will be be seen that the
crossing at Chancelloreville by the main force
was entirely correct; but it will be seen, too,
that the crossing effected by four corps only,
instead of seven, or at least six, was entirely
incorrect. Had the army consisted of the seven
corps, and marched on Wednesday 'morning,
in forced marches, towards Fredericksburg, or
in a direction some five or six miles Routh of
Fredericksburg, they would have been, by
Wednesday night, behind the rebel entrench
ments.
15 00
The great decisive battle of the war would
probably have taken place on Thursday, and
would have been fought under very different
circumstances from those of Saturday, Sunday
and Monday, where our army was beaten in
detail. The idea of a general, who is on the of
fensive, whose avowed object is the capture or
destruction of a whole army, making six miles
in 80 hours just in the most critical moment
of his operations, and ftnally,after entrenching
himself without being on the communications
of his enemy, tells his' soldiers that the enemy
has to run away or to attack him on his own
ground, where he will destroy him, has not its
larallel in modern times. Another quite as
unpardonable mistake is the sending away of
the cavalry in a moment when a great battle
was nearly certain to happen. It was the same
silly conduct which made Melee lose the battle
of Marengo. The cavalry ought to have formed
the utmost right wing in the large wheeling
movement which our army performed, and in
which the left wing formed the pivot.
General Hooker's operation is modeled on
the operations of Wurmster and Alvinci, in
1796, in Italy ; those of Jourdan, in 1799, at
Stoltach, and, in quite modern times, on that
of the Royal Neapolitan army, in 1860, at the
Volturno. On the contrary, General Lee took
a good lessen from the action of Napoleon, the
ArehAuke Charles, and Garibaldi, on those dif
ferent occasions. General Lee has certainly
gained for himself, by this battle, the name of
one of the ablest generals of the present age.
It would be wrong to make General Hooker
alone responsible for his defeat. We are told
that his army is to be reinforced by 30,000
men from Washington, and by 40,000 to 50,000
from Suffolk. Is it not strange that these
troops did not join Hooker before the battle ?
What is the use of 30,000 idle men in 'Wash
ington ? What is the use of those 50,000 on
the Blackwater ? Why are some 20,000 stand
PR ICE TWO GENTS.
ing sentry in Ndrth Carolina? What have the
30,000 done yet near Charleston ?
Is there not common sense enough in our great
generals to understand that to keep thousands
and thousands of men as sentries to prevent
blockade runners from coming into Southern
pot ts is ridiculous; that it is more reasonable to
assail all those troops, and to crush with this
superiority the enemy's main armies, because
then the blockade runners will soon find no
more buyers for their contraband goods ? But
how could such reasonable action be expected
from a General-in-Chief who advanced against
Corinth with a snail-like pace to undertake the
siege of field-works which the rebels after
wards, under Van Dorn, did not hesitate a mo
ment to storm, and who sent Pope with 30,000
fnen to capture an army, which he, with 100,000
could not defeat? It is the same General who,
in .A.ugust last, gave Gen. Burnable the strange
order to stay quietly at Fredericksburg with
his Weeps ; meanwhile Pope was defeated at
Manac sas• The same who ordered Pope to
retreat towards Washington, instead of order
ing him to retreat towards Salem and Berlin,
which w ould have prevented the battle at
Manassas , tired the invasion of Maryland. It
is the same who gave the fatal order to Col.
Miles to holt,' Harper's Ferry when the rebels
were already „'n Maryland, and when, thereby,
Harper's Ferry had lost all importance.
Have there no t been useless butcheries and
failures of opera, ion enough to warrant finally
the adoption of round military plans ? Till
this is done, we ca n only hope that fortune
will once more smile upon the country of free
dom. I am , al r, yours, very truly,
E. SCHALK.
HD W NATI, 13°M'S
Let any one open a wort '-, on Chemistry, and
turn to the subject of Ebul. 'Rion, or let him
consult any work on the stea. , n engine, and he
will find the boiling of water dt 'scribed substan
tially as follows :
On applying heat beneath the vessel of glass
I particles of
or metal containing the water, th
this latter neatest the fire expand a ud rise, and
their place is taken by the cold wate r '
4 - egeend.
ing from the surface along the side o, the ves
sel,
is until so that a sort of circulation is thus . created
i n the mass of the water, which continuk w hen
.
the whole has attained the boiling heat, into
steam begins to be formed which escapes
the
the air or is confined above the • water if
vessel be closed.
This description would be accepted by al
most every one as true. It is, however, very
remarkable, that so common a process as the
boiling of water should be so incorrectly de
scribed. Scarcely one detail of the above is
strictly accurate. There is no circulation in
any such way as above narrated; steam is form
ed from the very first moment heat is applied,
and steam exists below the surface of the io ura.-
ter, as well as above.
Whoever will see how water boils, let him
put &gallon of distilled and perfectly pure wa
ter, free from air, specks or motes of any kind,
into a perfectly clean glass vessel, and apply
heat so as to heat equally every part of the
bottom. A wavy appearance soon fills the
whole mass without any sign of circulation,
and a thermometer previously placed in the
water indicates the same temperatnre through
out—sides, top, bottom. This wavy appear
ance continues until the temperature reaches
212 degrees, and indeed much higher, without
any appearance of ebullition; 220 degrees even
may be attained before it begins to boil, if the
candid otprare -etrietly . fulfilled'. While
at any point above 212 degrees, let a feather
be dipped into the quiescent mass or any other
substance having a considerable surface, as
bread or sand. The ebullition becomes in
stantly so violent as to amount to almost an
explosion. If the vessel be shaken, a similar
result takes place. How different is this from
any description of the boiling of water as found
in the books, and how much food for reflec
tion is to be found in these few lines.
Who does not see in this description a stri
king similarity between water charged with car
bonic acid gas—soda•water—and water charg
with steam—boiling water ? Take a bottle of
soda water, shake it, and the cork will fly into
the air; stir it with bread or a feather, and,
though apparetty stale, it will at once begin
to foam. The same is true of champaigne or
beer; and this remark might be extended to
other liquids and other gases.
Considering boiling water then, to be water
charged with steam, in the same manner that
it may be charged with other gases, a great
many consquenoes of great practical importance
will follow, of which we will mention only
one. It is this—steam-boiler explosions may
take place at any stage of the water in the
boiler, and are as likely to take place when
the boiler is full as when nearly empty! It is
more than probable that the numerous explo
sions taking place immediately on starting the
engines are not due to deficiency of water in
the boiler; and that many a conscientious and
capable engineer has gene to his grave, fol
lowed by the regrets of his friends and re
proaches of the public, for having, by neglect,
allowed the water to get too low in the boilers,
who had been guilty of no fault or carelessness
whatever. He simply did not know, as very
few now know, that any considerable agitation
in the boiler of the water surcharged with
steam, will cause the whole steam already
formed and existing as a gas in the water, to
be suddenly given off, as a cork will fly from a
bottle of champaigne on shaking it. And this
agitation may be produced by the commonest
causes, such as suddenly relieving the preeure
on the surface by opening the safety-valve, or
starting the engine, or pumping in cold water.
Nay, it is easy to see that the fuller the boiler
is of water, the more danger there may be of
explosion, since, in this case, there will be an
accumulation of a greater amount of steam in
the water, and a small space above it to receive
it when it escapes or is jarred out.
. SUICIDE IN NEW Yoitn—A REMARKABLE
WILL.—Dr. Edmund Baron, a French gentle
man, 28 years of age, committed suicide in his
room at the Metropolitan, New York, on Wed
nesday night, by stabbing himself in the heart
with a surgeon's knife, and was found dead in
his bed Thursday morning. Ile left a letter
stating that he had first taken ten
. grains of
acetate of morphine, without effect, and next
time would take a pound. He further said
that he would have shot himself, but as his re
volver made as much noise as a 68-pounder, he
was afraid of disturbing the persons who oc
cupied adjoining rooms. The following will in
regard to the disposition of his body was also
found upon his table .!
do lu reby bequr tint my body to my talented
and, some day or other, illustrious friend, Dr.
F. Dunkin Weisse, No. 30 West 15th et., N. Y.,
'and request him to set up my skeleton in his
office. I would suggest that he take the flesh
off my bones, open the skull and pull out the
brains, pierce holes in the long bones with a
gimlet, and let out my marrow to improve the
whiteness, then soak until all the soft and car
tilaginous parts come off easily and then per
fectly dry. Then soak it in a solution of mag
nesia, and when dry, rub it we ll and paint it
over with sillioate of potash, •after which set
up with wire. .I will consider the fullfillment
of the above request as a special favor. It
will be so nice to see one's old dwelling place
PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING,
SUNDAYS EXCEPTED,
BY O. BARRETT & CO
TRT DAILY PATRIOT AND UNION Will be served to enb
e vetoers residing in theßorough for TEN CENTS NITWITS,
payable to the Carrier. Mail subscribers, rive DOLL/111
FBA ANNUM.
TEE WEEKLY PATRIOT AND UNION IS published stay . °
DOLLARS PER Annum, invariably in advance. Ten copie
to one address, fifteen doliaro.
ennneatea with this establishment is an extensive
SOB OFFICE, containing a, variety of plain and fancy
type, unequalled by any establishment in the interior of
the state, for which the patronage of the public is so
licited.
kept so clean and in good order, instead of rot
ting in some dirty place. How handy, too, when
we are all summoned to the valley of Jehoso
phat, to find one's bones already together, in
stead of having to struggle among a crowd and
pick them up one by one in some charnel house.
Should my learned friend fail to comply with
my request, I will certainly come back and pull
his hair out by the roots, provided they give
me a furlough.
"And now, with my love to E., good bye.
"EDMUND BARON."
Evidence was taken showing that the de
ceased had recently lost a large fortune by en
dorsing for a friend in France, and that he ar
rived in this country but a few weeks ago.—
The jury rendered a verdict of "Suicide with
a knife."
AMALGAMATION ADVOCATED.—The regular
anniversary meeting of the American Anti-
Slavery society was held in New York on Tues
day. The principal feature of the occasion
was the speech of Mr. Theodore Tilton in favor
of a speedy and general amalgamation. The
following are a few of the sentiments uttered
by the speaker :
Mr, Tilton spoke of the relative position of
the Ethiopian race as higher than several
other races in the world, and then entered into
an elaborate argument in favor of amalgama
tion as the great future of this country and
race—its highest perfection coming when the
amalgamation is most complete. Great nations
get the fibre of their strength out of mixed
blood. It is a stoppage of the world's growth
to prevent a union of races. The history of
the world's progress, the history of the civili
zation of all empires, is written in one compre
hensive word, which many men are afraid to
speak and many others afraid to hear, and that
word , is-ADIALGAMA.TION. [Whispers, "Oh,
good gracious l" Applause.]
We have need of the negro mirth—need of
him for his imitating faculties. Othello will
never be fitly represented until you permit a
negro to go upon the boards to represent that
character. We have need of the negro for his
musical faculties. The negro is a superior
man—in some respects he is the greatest of
men. He asked that the negro should have the
privilege of the ballot box. He must have a
place beside his white brother in the jury box.
He asked that they should be eligible to every
public office to which a white man is eligible.
For instance, for the neat President, as be
tween Gen. M'Clellan and Frederick Douglass,
who was their choice ? [Applause and laugh
s j The negro has an administrative power.
n . can wield the scepter.
' ll ' 4 'he speaker hoped to see before he died, a
't man governing the State of South Caro
lina,
g ifted up to that office by the people. The
ima, g ifted
3 should sit side by side with the white
negme • lie Omni', in the oars; he should come
03811111
into the white man's parlor and be admitted
into entirt, • fellowship. God ordains it. The
palm of th i negro's hand was made white to
meet the wh. 'le man's. One of the most tiug
‘pressive sights he had seen lately
gestive-and in. If a negro and Irishman, seated
had bean that . Central Park, driving together
in
a cart, at our . communication. They were
in pleasant soma 'y toward the millenium than
going more direct,, „ L i mes t h a t were passing
all the splendid eq
them by
HOOTERS.—The brigade
THE BERDAN SHARPS 'Ne Army of the Pota
of sharpshooters with ta. d of the celebrated
mao, under the comman c moat valuable and
Colonel Berdan, performen s recent nine days'
important service during th. .1 are entitled to
operations of that army, an. 1. notice. Their
something more than a passiu
itirmishere al
duty as advance pickets and t sat proximity
ways brings them into the clos achievements
to the enemy, and their gallant ; them and
and intrepid bearing obtained fot f General
their commander the compliments C. to which
Sickles, commanding the Third corps,
they are attached.
On Saturday morning, May 2, the Fi
giment was deployed in the woods in th
vanoe, the Second regiment being used L
support, and engaged the skirmishers of
enemy, consisting of a portion of the Twenty
third Georgia regiment, and drove them stead
ily out. So accurate and raqid was their
firing that the enemy, who had taken refuge
behind a building *Lich appeared to have been
need as a foundry, dared not come out, and
upon their surrender being demanded they
threw down their arms and displayed a white
rag as a token of submission. These, Wltli
other prisoners taken in subsequent dperations
during this reconnoissance, numbered three
hundred and sixty-five, including nineteen
officers.
On Sunday they also captured from three
hundred and eighteen to three hundred and
twenty-five prisoners in addition, besides kill
ing and wounding many more of the rebels.
Colonel Berdan was with his men constantly
during the operations, and displayed much
skill, coolness and bravery.
The results of their operations were the cap
ture of nearly seven hundred prisoners. They
averaged sixty shots per man.
Surgeon Brennan, of the First regiment,
and Surgeon Williams, of the Second regiment,
were fearless and unremitting in the discharge
of their duties under the fire of the enemy.
Surgeon Williams was severely wounded in
the right arm by a musket ball while attend
ing to the wounded men of his regiment, but
notwithstanding, continued in the discharge of
his duties as long as his services were re
quired. Both Drs. Brennan and Williams were
specially and deservedly complimented by
Colonel Berdan in his report.
ON run Reins.—The Providence Journal
tells the following story As the mid-day Wor
cester train was about leaving the depot, a man
of the Johnsonian type of manners entered one
of the cars, and gruffly requested that two
young ladies occupying separate seats, should
sit together, that he and his friend might en
joy a tete-a-tete on the other seat.
But," said one of the damsels, blushing,
" this seat is engaged.'"
Engaged, is i t?" brusquely responded the
man, "who engaged it ?"
" A young man," said the conscious maiden.
"A young men, eh I where's his baggage I"
persisted Ursa Major. .
"I'm his baggage, Old Hateful," replied the
demure damsel, putting her rosy lips into the
prettiest pout.
"Old Hateful" subsided ; the young man
came in, extending his arm protectingly, al
most caressingly, around his " baggage," and
Mr. Conductor Capron started the train.
Om BEST PARLORS.—Don't keep a solitary
parlor, into which you go but once a month,
with your parson Cr sewing society. Han g
around your walls pictures that shall tell sto
ries of mercy, hope, courage, faith and charity.
Make your living room the house. Let the
placebo such that when your boy, has gone to
distant lands, or even when, perhaps, he clings
to a single plank in the lone waters of the wide
ocean, th e thought of the still homestead shill
come across the desolation, bringing light,
hope, and love. Have no dungeon about your
house—no room you never open—no blinds
that are always shut.
vet re
v -ad
-8 &
'he