RATES OF ADVERTISING.
•
tour lines or leas constitute half a square. Ten Buss
i sluore thaefour, comature a square.
ilaffil-•c0868Y-..w..1118.16 One sq., on. &1...—. OA
6 ., oneweeit.— 1.00 gc one week.--- 1.26
.. one month— 1.00 el on/ month. 8.00
It three mantis. 11.00 ll throe months. 6.00
gc six months —,. 4.00 " six months.... 6.0 1 '
&& one dear_. 5.00 {r . one year..... 10.40
0". Business notices inserted in the Loom. 00LInal, or
before marriages and deaths, rims CSNTS ens Llua for eseh
insertion. to mernhantaand others advertisinsig theyear
liberate& IX will be offered.
arrt The numberofinsertions must be designated on tbe
tvertisement.
tr r starrimgesand Deaths WEI be inserted at the same
sea regular Advertisements.
looks, Stcdioiterp, fizt.
SCHOOL BOOSS.--Sohool Directors ;
Tear/rem, Parents, Scholars, and others, in want of
School Books, School Stationery, &c._, will find a complete
assortment at B. H. POLLOCK A SON'S BOOK STORB,
Market Square, Harrisburg, comprishqg in part the follow
ing _
EKAMbsn.--Mcflutity's, Parker's, Cobb's, Angell's
Brskaama Boots--bioaniteri, Cobb's, Waiter%
i'con's,Byerly's- Combres.
?Arian' GRAMl&ABS.—Ballion's, Smith's, Wood
bridge's, fdenteith,s, TrithM's, Hart's,
SOBIR 4-e' DavenWrte s ll s' P .
oM , T llet S 's, Groiw's,Pinnok's,' t , uddiunit ,e
w a W
and
son's Wt -
Clark's.
ARMUINTIMPS.--Greenleaf t s, Stoddard's, Inerson's,
tike'. Rose's Colburn's, Smith and Duke's, Da ri els.
ALGlBRAlL—Greenleare Davies, Day's, Bay's,
alike&
DrOTIORARTB.—WaIker's School, Cobb's,. Walker,
Worcester's' Comprehemrive, WOreeater'e Yrietax7, Web
ster's Primary, Weberierlt MO School, Webster's Quarto,
Academia.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHUNI—CornstocIes, Parker's,
Swift's. The above with a groat variety of others can at
any time be found at my store. Also, a complete ass
coom-
rt.
ment of School Stationery, embracing in the virtu le a
plete outfit for school purposes. Any book not in the store
rooms' d one days notice.
Er Country lierehanta supplied at wholesale rates.
ALHARAO3.--lohu Baer and Son's Almanac for sale at
li. H. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STORR, Harrisburg.
117" Wholesale and Retail. InYl
UPHOLSTERING.
C. F. VOLLMER
Is prepared to do all kinds of work in the
UPITOL STE RING B US INE SS.
Pays particular attention to MAKING AND PUTTING
DOWN CARPETS, MAKING AND REPAIRING MAT
TRASSES, REPAIRING FURNITURE, &c., &c. He
can be fond at all times at his residence, in the rear of
the William Tell House, corner of Raspberry andlilack
berry alleys. sep2eAlly
LETTER, CAP, NOTE PAPERS,
Pens, Holders, Pencils : Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of
the lest quality, at low pnces; direct from the manu
factories, at
mar3o SCHEFFEWS CHEAP BOOKSTORE
LAW BOOKS I LAW BOOKS I I-A
AA general assortment of LAW BOOKS, all the State
Reports and Standard Elementary Works, with many of
the old English Reports, scarce and rare, together with
a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at very
low prices", at tie one price Bookstore of
E. M. POLLOCK. & SON,
myS. Market Square, Harrisburg.
Siistellanccato.
AN ARRIVAL OF
NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
SILK LINEN PAPER
FANS! PANS!! FANS!!!
AROTESB Awn SPLONTIdO LOT OF
SPLICED FISHING RO DS!
Trout Plies, Gut and Hair Snoods, Grass Linea, Silk
and Hair Plaited Lines, and a general assortment of
FISHING' TACKLE!
A wooer TeiturrY OF
WALKING CANES!
Which we will sell as cheap as the chewiest!
Silver Head Loaded Sword Hickory Fancy
Canes! Canes! - Canes! Canes! Canes:
EJALLEIVB DB.IIG AND FANCY STORE,
No. 91 MARES? BTREST,
South aide, one door east of Fourth street je9.
WE OFFER TO
.CUSTOMERS
A. New Sot of
- LADIES' PURSES,
Of Beautiful Styles, substantially made
A Splendid Assortment of
GENTLEMEN'S WALLETS.
A New and Elegant Perfume,
KNIGHTS TEMPLARS'IIIOQUET,
Put up in Cut Glees Engrave& Bottles.
A Complete Assortment of
;HANDKERCHIEF PERFUMES,
Of the best Manufacture.
A very Handsome Variety of
POWDER PUFF BOXES.
KELLER'S DRUG STORE,
7731 91 Market street,
C.ANDLEB!! !
PARAFFIN CANDLNE,
SPERM. CANDLES,
13TBARINE C ‘ ANDLES,
ADAMANTINE CANDLES,
CREMICAL SPERM CANDVES,
STAR (suezatoli) CANDLES,
TALLOW CANDLES.
A large invoice of the above in store, and for said at
-nnasstaay too rates, by
WII. DOCK, 75., & CO.,
Opposite the Court Rouse
jaul
GUN AND BLASTING YOWBER.
TAMES M. WHEELER,
HAERIBBIIIRG PA.,
AGENT FOR ALL
POWD,ER AND FUSE
IILANOTABIOHED BY
L E. DUPONT DE NEMOURS it CO.,
I,V.ILMTNGTON, DELAWARE.
iIYOA large supply always on band. For sale at mann
lecturer's prices. Idagasioe two mi.lee below town.
11:rOrders received at Warehouse.
I - 6ST ItECEIVIiID—A large Stock of
POSTBAG.
d SCOTCH
For sale ALES
at , BROWN
the lowest r oes byT and LONDON
JOHN H. ZrEGLER,
73 Market street.
MB
FISTI!!• FISIIIII
21.3.0KER8L, (408.1, 2 and 3.)
SALMON ) (very superior.)
SELA.I), Mess and very fine.)
1110,1tING, (extra large.)
COD DISH.
SMOKED HERRING, (extra Digby.)
SCOTCH HERRING.
SARDINES .AND ANCHOVIES.
Of the above we have Mackerel in whole, half, quarter
and eighth bble. Herring in whole and half bbla.
The entire lot new—manor meow THN mammas, and
will 'sell them at the lowest market rates.
eepl4 Will. DOCK, Jay & CO.
lIICKO aY WOOD! !—A SUPERIOR LOT
.L.L loot received, end for sale In quantities to Boit par
'Users, by JAMES M. WHEELER.
Also, OAK AND PINE constantly on band at the
lowest prices. de c 6
FAMILY BIBLES, from 1$ to $lO,
stmn g and handsomely bound, printed on good paper,
with elegant clear new type, sold at
me= SOCTIOFBR ,B Cheap Body/Alm
BOURBON WHISKY.—A very Supe
rior Article of BOURBON WHISKY, in quart ba
ilee, in store and for sale by JOHN ILZIEGLER,
meal 73 Market Street.
HARRI SON' S iiOUSEFIOLD SOAP.
50 BORES OF THIS PERFECT SOAP. For sale
.at Manufacturer's prices. A. ROBINSON & CO.
mart
"TANANA ORANGES !
A prime lot just received
WM
oak- ' by
. DOCK, & Co.
Volt a superior and cheap TABLE or
Jr: saLac on. go to
SELLER'S DRUG STORE.
THE Fruit Growers' Handbook—by
WAVlNG—wholesale and retail at
rar.l4l BerfERFBR , S Bookstore.
sPERM CANDLES.—A large supply
kJ just received by
"plB WM. DOCK. JR., b; CO.
GARDEN SEEDS ! I-A FRESH AND
COMPLKTE assortment, just received and for dale by
0121 WIC DOCK, Ja., & CO.
CRIOBERRIES!!!-A SPLENDID LOT
just received by
octlo
CRANBERRIES—A very Superior lot
' owacl WM. DOCK, 31. & COI
WM. POOL Is., & CO
•
•
- _
\I4WI • . r mw
a i r
io
•- (1
‘ I •
••
-7 .: ,
11l
A. •
••- I • •
_•--11110 •'• •11 • - 1 7 111
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tint on.
VOL. 3.
,Citvs of Qrrautl.
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
WINTER TIME TABLE
angimmommagis
FIVE TRAINS DAILY TO k FROM PRILIDELPRIA
ON AND AFTER
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26vn, 1880,
The Passenger Trains of the Pennaylvania.Railroad Com
piny will depart from and arrive at Harrisburg aa4
Philadelphia as follows :
EASTWARD.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Harrisburg a
2.40 a. in., and arrives at West Philadelphia at 6.50 a. in
PAST LINE leaves Harrisburg at 12.55 p. m., and
arrives at West Philadelphia at 5.00 p. m.
MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg at 5.15 p. u►., and ar
rives at West Philadelphia at 10.20 p. m.
These Trains make close connection at Philadelphia
with the New York Lines.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, No.l, leaves Harrisburg
at 7.30 a. in., runs via Mount Joy, and arrives at West
Philadelphia at 12.30 p. m.
HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION leaves Harris
burg at 1.15 p. m. , and arrives at Weat Philadelphia at
6.40 p. m.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, N 0.2, leaves Harrisburg
at 5.25 p. m., runs via Mount joy, connecting at Diller
villa with MAIL TRAIN East for Philadelphia.
WESTWARD.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Philadelphia
10.50 p. m., and arrives at Harrisburg at 3.10 a. in.
MAIL TRAIN leaves Philadelphia at 8.00 a. in., an
arrives at Harrisburg at 1.20_p. m.
LOCAL MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg for Pittsburg
at 7.00 a. m.
PAST LINE leaves Philadelphia at 12.00 noon, and ar
rives at Harrisburg at 4.10
HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves
Philadelphia at 2.00 p. in., and arrives at Harrisburg al
7.35 p. m.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves Philadelphia
4.00 p. in., and arrives at Harrisburg at 9.45 p. m. •
Attention is called to the fact, that passengers leaving
Philadelphia at 4 p. in. connect at Lancaster with
MOUNT JOY ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, and arrive
Harrisburg 5t.9.45 p. m.
SAMUEL D. YOUNG,
n023-dtf Stmt. East. Die. Poria'a Railroad.
NEW -AIR LINE ROUTE
TO
NEW YORK.
fiai
Shortest in Distance and - Quickest in Time
BETWEEN THE TWO CITIES OP
NEW YORK AND HARRISBURG,
READING, ALLENTOWN AND EASTON
MORNING EXPRESS, West, leaves New York at 6
a. in, arriving at Harrisburg at Ip. m. , only 63 hours
between the two cities.
MAIL LINE leaves New York at 12.00 noon, and ar
IVES at Harrisburg- at 8.15 p. in.
MORNING MAIL LINE; East, leaves Harrisburg
8.00 a. m,, arriving at New York at 5.20 p. In.
AFTERNOON EXPRESS LINE, East, leaves Harris.
burg at 1.30 p, In., arriving at New York at 9,45 p. m.
Connections are made at Harrisburg at 1.00 p. in. witb
the Passenger Trains in each direction on the Pennsylva
ala, Cumberland Valley and Northern Central Railroads
All Trains connect at Reading with Trains for Potta.
vile and Philadelphia, and at Allentown for Mauch
Chunk, - Easton, dpc.
No change of Passenger Cars or Baggage between New
Torii. and Harrisburg, by the 6.00 a. in. Line from New
York or the 1.15 p. in. from Harrisburg.
For beauty of scenery and speed, comfort and enema
medation, this Route presents superior inducements to
the traveling public.
FarebetweenNewYorkatidHarriskorg,FlTZDom•sas
For Tickets and other information apply to
J. J. CLYDE, General Agent,
dels Harrisburg.
E)HILADELPHIA
AND
READING RAILROAOI
WINTER ARRAN G EMENT.
ON AND AFTER DEC. 12, 1860,
TWO PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE HARRISEIIEO
DAILY, (Sundays excepted,) at 2.00 A. M., and 1.16 P.
M., for Philadelphia, arrivingthere at 1..25 P.M., and 6.15
P. M.
=TUBBING, LEAVE PHILADELPHIA at 8.00 A.M.
and 8.80 P.M., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 P. M. and 8.10
P. M
EARES :—To Philadelphia, 'No. 1 Cars, 83.25; No. 2,
(in same train) $2.75.
FAA= Readinip; $1.60 and. 21.80.
At Reading, cowed with trains for Pottavite, Mere
vile, Tamaqua, Catawissa, ate.
EOM TRAINS LEAVE READING FOR PHILADEL
PHIA DAILY, at BA. M.,10.45 A. M.,12.30 neon and
3.48 P. M.
LEAVE PHILADELPHIA FOE READING at 8 A.
M., 1.00 P. M., 3.80 P. Ai., and 5.00 P. P.Z.
FARES:—Reading to Philadelphia, $1.75 and $1.45.
THE MORNING TRAIN FROM .11ARRIBRURG CON
NECTS AT READING with up train for Wilkeebarre
Pittston and Scranton.
For through tickets and other Information apply to
J. J. CLYDE,
dels-dtf General Agent.
PHILADELPHIA
AND
READING RAILROAD.
REDUCTION OF PASSENGER PARES,
ON AND AFTER MONDAY, APRIL 2, 1860
COMMUTATION TICKETS,
With 26 Coupons, will be loaned between any points
desired,. good for the holder and any member of Lis
family, in any Passenger train, and at any time—at 26
per cent. below the regular fares.
Parties having occasion to use the Road frequently on
business or pleasure, will find the above arrangement
convenient and erenomical; as Four Passenger trains
ran daily each wsy hatireen Reading and Philadelphia,
and Two Train , OP' between Reading , Pottsville and
Harrisbarg. Oe Barleys, only one morning train Down,
and one afterr err train tin, runs between Pottsville and
Philadolphir snit no Passenger train on the Lebanon
Talley Brrrel. Railroad.
For the above Tickets, or any information relating
therete apply to B. Bradford, Esq., Treasurer Philadel
phia, e the respective Ticket Agents on the line, or to
G. A. NICOLLB, General Sup , t.
Marsh 1860.—mar28-dtf
NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.
a_ail-MMMNINAIM
NOTICE.
CHANGE OF SOHEDULE.
SPRING ARRANGEMENT.
ON AND AFTER FRIDAY, MARCH Ur, 1881 the
Passenger Trains of the Northern Central Railway will
leave Harrisburg as follows :
GOING SOUTIL
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN will leave at.. 3.00 a. in.
EXPRESS TRAIN will leave at . 7.40 a. M
MAIL TRAIN will leaveat ...... 1.00
GOING NORTE
MAIL TRAIN will leave at •.. 1.40 p. M.
EXPRESS TRAIN will leave at p. m.
The only Train leaving Harrisburg en Sunday will I e
the ACCOMMODATION TRAIN South. at 3.00 a. In.
For further information apply at the office, in Penn
sylvania Railroad Depot. JOHN W. HALL, Agent.
Harrisburg, March ist-dtf.
DRIED BEEP—An extra lot of DRIED
BEEP just received by
Doff WM. DOCK, JR., & CO.
11Q UIiLINGTON HERRING !
jj Just received by WM. DOCK, JB., &CO
eel
EMPTY BOTTLES I I !-Of all sizes
and descriptions, for salToby •
deo° WM. DOOK, J . R., & 00.
HARRISBURG, PA., MONDAY, APRIL 8, 1861.
Ainistellantous.
TAKE NOTICE!
That we have recently added to our already full stock
OF SEGARS
LA NORMATIS,
HARI SARI,
EL MONO,
LA BANANA.
OF PERFUMERY
FOB THB HANDEBBOTIDSY
TURKISH ESSENCE,
ODOR OF MUSK,
LUBIN'S ESSENCE BOUQUET.
Fon. nue HAIR:
EAU LUSTRALE,
CRYSTALIZED POMATUM,
MYRTLE AND VIOLET POMATUM
Fos TEE Co'mu:x[oN:
•
TALC OF VENICE,
ROSE LEAF POWDER, •
NEW MOWN HAY POWDER,
BLANC DE PERLES
OF SOAPS:
Baszs's PINZST
MOSS ROSE,
BENZOIN,
UPPER TEN,
VIOLET,
NEW MOWN HAY,
JOCKEY CLUB,
Having the largest stock and best assortment of Toilet
Articles, we fancy that we are better able than our corn
petitore to get up a complete Toilet Set at any price de
sired. Call and see.
Always on hand, a FRESH Stock of DRUGS, MED I
CINES, CHEMICALS, &c , consequent of our re
ceivingalmost daily additions thereto.
KELLER'S DRUG AND FANCY STORE,
91 Market Street, two doors East of Fourth Street,
seed South side.
JACKSON & CO.'S
SHOE STORE,
NO. 90% MARKET STREET,
HARRISBURG, PA.,
Where they intend to devote their entire time to the
manufacture of
BOOTS AND SHOES
Of all kinds and varieties, in the neatest and most fash
ionable styles, and at satisfactory prices. •
Th . eir stock will consist, in part, of Gentlemen's Pine
Calf and Patent Leather Boots and Shoes, latest styles;
Ladies' and Misses' Gaiters, and other Shoes in great
variety; and in fact everything connected with the
Shoe business. .
CTISTOME22 WORE will be particularly attended to,
and in all cases will satisfaction be warranted. Lasts
fitted up by one of the best makers in the country. , ..;
The long practical experience of the undersigned, and
their thorough knowledge of the business will, they
trust, be sufficient guarantee to the public that they
will do them justice, and furnish them an article this
Will recommend itself for utility, cheapness and dura
bility. [fang] JACKSON de CO-
THE AMERICAN BYRON
GUADALOUPE:
A TALE OF LOVE AND WAR.
A Poem in the style of DON YUAN, and equal in
spirit, matter and manner to that brilliant production
of the 4 .llarran BARD." By a well known citizen of
Philadelphia, who served with distinction in the late
War with Mexico.
PRICE SEVENTY-FIVE CENTS.
Eor sale at SC HEFTER'S BOOKSTORE,
marl; No. 18 Market Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
A NEW FEATURE IN THE SPICE
TRA.DE!!!
IMPORTANT TO HOUSEKEEPERS!!!
E. R. DIIRR RE & CO'S SELECT SPICES,
In Tin Foi` ,i,ined with Paper,) and full Weight.—
BLACK P'...PPER, GINGER, NUTMEG, WRITE PEP-
PER, ALLSPICE, MACE, CAYENNE PEPPER,
CINNAMON. CLOVES, MUSTARD
In thia age of adulterated and tasteless Spices, it is
with confidence that we introduce to the attention of
Housekeepers these superior and genuine articles. We
guarantee them not only ABSOLUTELY AND PERFECTLY
Puss, but ground from fresh Spices, selected and cleaned
by us exprm sly for the purpose, without reference to
cost. They are beautifully packed in tin foil, (lined with
paper.) to prevent injury by keeping, and are FULL.
WEIGHT, while the ordinary ground Spices are almost
invariably short. We warrant them, in point of strength
and riobnese of flavor, beyond all comparison, as a sin
gle trial will• ahundantly prove.
Every package bears our TRADE MARE.
Manufactured only by E. It. DURKEE & CO., New
York.
For sale by [feb27.] WM. DOCK, Ja., & CO.
COAL! COAL!!
ONLY YARD,7IN TOWN THAT DELIVERS
100 AL BY THB
P A TENT WEIG , II CARTS!
NOW IS THE TIME
For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the
winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh
Carts.. The accuracy of these Carts no one disputes, and
they never get out of order, as is frequently the case of
the Platform Scales; besides, the consumer has the
satisfaction of proving the weight of his Coal at his
own house.
I have a large supply of Coal on hand, ao-_:':e_ . ;ng of
S. M. CO.'S LYKENS VALLEY OW , all sizes,
LYKENS VALLEY
WILRESBARRE do. •
BITUMINOUS BROAD TOP do.
All Coal of the beat quality mined, and delivered free
from all impurities, at the lowest rates, by the boat or
car load, single, half or third of tons, and by the bushel.
JAMES M. WHEELER.
Harrisburg, September 24, 1600.—e0p2.5
HATCH & CO - .,
SHIP AGENTS
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
138 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
DEALERS IN
FLOUR, GRAIN, PRODUCE, COTTON,
WINES AND LIQUORS,
TOBACCO ANP CIGARS.
norS-d6m
DYOTTVILLE GLASS WORKS,
PHILADELPHIA,
MANUFACTURE
CARBOYS, DEMIJOHNS,
WINE, PORTER, MINERAL WATER, PICKLE AND
PRESERVE BOTTLES
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
H. B. & G. W. BENNER;
ocl9-dly 27 South Front sterot, Philadelphia,
WARRANTED TWELVE MONTHS!
ANOTHER LOT OF
MORTON'S UNRIVALLED GOLD PENSI
PERSONS in want of a s uperior and really good GOLD
ran will find with me a large assortment to select from,
and have the privilege to exchange the Pens until their
band is perfectly suited. And if by fair means the Dia
mond points break off during twelve mouths, the pur
chaser shall have the privilege to select a new one,
without any charge.
I have very good Gold Pens, in strong silver-plated
cases, for $l, $1.25, $1 50, $2.00
Fur sale at SeIIEFFER'S BnOKSTORE,
mar.% No. 18 Market Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
TC 0 S
BOTTLED WINES, BRANDIES,
AND
LIQUORS OFEVERY DESCRIPTION!
Together with a complete assortment, (wholesale and
retail,) embracing everything in the line, will be sold at
cost, without reserve
Ala • WM. DOCK. In., * CO-
VALENTINES ! VALENTINES I
A large assortment of COMIC and SRNTIDIENTAL
VALENTINES of different styles and prices. For sale
at SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
feb9 18 Market Street, Harrisburg, Pa,
•
SMOKE ! SMOKE I I SMOKE I—ls
not objectionable when from a CIGAR purchased a
KELLER'S DRUG STORE, 91 Market street. sepl9
Vatriot Rion.
MONDAY MORNING. APRIL 8, 1861
The Harpers have in press, and will publish
in a few days, the fifth volume of Macaulay's
splendid History of England. It was prepared
from his revised manuscripts by his sister,
Lad yTrevelyan, midis as complete in nearly all
respects as if he had lived to read the proof
sheets. It brings the narrative down, with a
single break, to the death of the great hero of
the author and the times, William the Third.
CAPTAIN KIDD, TUN PIRATE.
Some years before, while the war was still
raging, there had been loud complaints in the
city that even privateers of St. Male's and Dun
kirk caused less molestation to trade than
another class of marauders. The English navy
was fully employed in the Channel, in the At
lantic and in the Mediterranean. The Indian
Ocean, meanwhile, swarmed with pirates, of
whose rapacity and cruelty frightful stories
were told. Many of these men, it was said,
came from our North American colonies, and
carried back to those colonies the spoils gained
by crime. Adventurers who durst not show
themselves in the Thames found a ready market
for their ill-gotten spices and stuffs at New
York. Even the Puritans of New Edgland, who
in sanctimonious austerity surpassed even their
brethren of Scotland,were accused of conniving
at the wickedness which enabled them to enjoy
abundantly and cheaply the produce of Indian
looms ani Chinese tea plantations.
Ia 1605 Richard Coote, Earl of Bellamont,
an Irish peer , who sat in the English )louse of
Commons, was appointed Governor of New York
and Maisachusetts. He was a man of eminently '
fair character, upright, courageous and inde
pendent. Though a decided Whig, he had dis
tinguished himself by bringing before the Par
liament at Westminster some tyrannical nets
done by whigs. at Dublin, and particularly the
execution, if it is not. rather to be called the
murder of Gafney. Before Bellamont sailed
for America, William spoke strongly to him
about the freebt sating which was the disgrace
of the colonies. " I send yuu, my lord, to New
York," he said, "because an honest, and in
trepid man is wanted to put these abuses down,
and because I believe you to. be such a man."
Bellamont exerted himself to justify the high
opinion which the king had formed of him. It
was soon known at New York 'that the Gover
nor who had just arrived from England was
bent on the suppression of piracy, and some
colonists in whom he placed great confidence
suggested'to him what they may perhaps have
thought the best mode of attaining that object.
There was then in. the settlement a veteran
mariner named William Kidd. He had passed
most of his life on the waves, had distinguished
himself by his seamanship, had had opportu
nities of showing his valor in action with the
French, and had retired on a competence. No
man knew the Eastern teas- better. He• was
perfectly acquainted with all the haunts of the
pirates who prowled between the Cape of Good
Hope and the Straits of Malacca ; and he would
undertitke, if he were intrusted with a single
ship of thirty or forty guns, to clear the In
dian Ocean of the whole race. The brigan
tines of the rovers were numerous, no doubt,
but none of them were large ' • one man-of-war,
which in the royal navy would hardly rank as
a fourth rate, would easily deal with them all
in succession, and the lawful spoils of the ene
mies of mankind would much more than de
fray the charges of the expedition. Bellamont
was charmed with this plan,and recommended it
to the king. The king referred it to the Ad
mirality. The Admirality raised difficulties,
such as are perpetually raised by public boards
when any deviation, whether for the better or
for the worse. from the established course of
proceeding is proposed. It then occurred to
Bellamont that his favorite scheme might be
carried into effect without any cost to the state.
A few public spirited men might easily fit out
a privateer which would soon make the Ara
bian Gulf and the Bay of Bengal secure high
ways for trade. He wrote to his friends in
England imploring, remonstrating, complaining
of their lamentable want of public spirit. Six
thousand pounds would be enough. That sum
would be repaid, and repaid with large interest,
from the sale of prizes,and an inestimable bene
fit would be conferred on the kingdom and on
the world. His urgency succeeded. Shrews
bury and Romney contributed. Orford, though,
as first Lord of the Admiralty, he had been
unwilling to send Kidd to the Indian Ocean with
a king's ship,consented to subscribe a thousand
pounds. Somers subscribed another thousand.
A ship called the Adventure Galley was
equipped in the port of London, and Kidd took
the command. Re carried with him, besides
the ordinary letters of marque, a Commission
under the Great Seal empowering him to seize
pirates, and to take them to some place where
they might be dealt with according to law.—
Whatever right the king might have to the
goods found in the possession of these male
factors, he granted, by letters patent, to the
persons who bad been at the expense of fitting
out the expedition, reserving to himself only
one-tenth part of the gains of the adventure,
which was to be paid into the treasury. With
the claim of merchants to have back the pro
perty of which they had been . robbed, his ma
jesty, of course, did not interfere. He granted
away, and could grant away, no right but his
own.
1=!•!11
The press for sailors to man the royal navy
was at that time so hot that Kidd could not
obtain his full complement of hands in the
Thames. He crossed the Atlantic, visited New
York, and there found volunteers in abundance.
At length, in February, 1697, he sailed from
the Hudson with a crew of more than a hun
dred and fifty men, and in July reached the
coast of Madagascar.
It is possible that Kidd may at first have
meant to act in accordance with his instruc
tions. But on the subject of piracy he held
the notions which were then common in the
North American colonies, and most of his crew
were of the same mind. He found himself in
a sea which was constantly traversed by rich
and defenceless merchant ships, and he had to
determine whether he would plunder those
ships or protect them. The gain which might
be made by plundering them was immense, and
might be snatched without the dange,rs of a
battle or the delays of a trial. The rewards
of protecting the lawful trade were likely to be
comparatively small. Such as they were, they
would he got only by first fighting with despe
rate ruffians who would rather be killed than
taken, and by then instituting a proceeding
and obtaining a judgment in a Court of Admi
ralty. The of being called to a severe
reckoning might not unnaturally seem small to
one who had seen many old , buccaneers living
in credit and comfort at New Yorkind Boston.
Kidd soon threw off the character of a priva
teer and became a pirate. He established
friendly communications and exchanged arms
and ammunition with the most notorious of
those rovers whom his commission authorized
MACAULAY'S NEW VOLUME.
INTERESTING EXTRACTS
him to destroy, and made war on those peace
ful traders whom he was sent to defend. He
began by robbing Mussulmans, and speedily
proceeded from Mussulmans to Armenians, and
from Armenians to Portuguese. The Adven
ture Galley took such quantities of cotton and
silk, sugar and coffee, cinnamon and pepper,
that the very foremast-men reveived from a
hundred to two hundred pounds each, and that
the captain's share of the spoil would have
enabled him to live at home as an opulent gen
tleman. With the rapacity, Kidd had the cru
elty of his odious calling. He burned houses;
he massacred peasantry. His prisoners were
tied up and beaten with naked cutlasses in
order to extort information about their con
cealed hoards. One of his crew, whom he had
called a dog, was provoked into exclaiming, in
an agony of remorse, "Yes, I am a dog, but it
is you that have made me so." Kidd, in a fury,
struck the man. dead.
News then traveled very slowly from the
Eastern seas to England. But in August,
1698, it was known in England that the Ad
venture Galley, from which so much had been
hoped, was the terror cf the merchants of Surat
and of the villagers of the coast of Malabar. It
was thought probably that Kidd would carry
his booty to some colony, Orders were, there
fore, sent from Whitehall to the governors of
the transmarine possessions of the crown,
directing them to be on the watch for him.
He, meanwhile, having burned bis ship, and
dismissed most of his men—who easily found
bertha in•the sloops of other pirates—returned
to New York with the means, as be flattered
himself, of making his peace and living in
splendor. He had fabricated a long romance,
to which Bellamont, naturally unwilling to be
lieve that he hid been duped, and had been the
means of duping others, was at first, disposed
to listen with favor. But the truth soon came
out. The Governor did his duty firmly, and
Kidd was placed in close confinement till orders
arrived from the Admiralty that he should be
sent, to England.
PETER THE GREAT IN ENGLAND
In the same week in which Whitehall per
ished, the Londoners were supplied with a new
topic of conversation by a royal visit, which.
of all royal - visits, was the least pompous and
ceremonious, and yet the most interesting and
important . . On the 10th of January a vessel
from Holland anchored off Greenwich, and was
welcomed with great respect. Peter the First,
Czar of Muitcovy, was on board. He took boat
with a few attendants, and was rowed up the
Thames to Norfolk street, where a house over
looking the river had been prepared for his
reception.
His journey is an epoch in the history not
only of his own country, but of ours and of
the world. To the polished nations of Western
Europe, the empire which he governed had till
then been what. Bokhara or Siam is to us.—
That empire, indeed, though less extensive
than at present, was the most extensive that
had ever obeyed a single chief. The dominions
of Alexander and of Trajan were small when
compared with the immense area of the Scy
thian desert.. But, in the estimation of states
men, that boundless expanse of larch forest
and morass, where the snow lay deep during
eight months .of every year, and where a'
wretched peasantry could with difficulty defend
their hovels against troops of famished wolves,
was of 'less account than the two or three
square miles into which were crowded the
countinghouses, the warehouses, and the innu
merable masts of Amsterdam. On the Baltic
Russia had not then a single port. Her mari
time trade with the other nations of Christen
dom was entirely carried on at Archangel, a
place which had been created and was supported
by adventurers from our island. In the days
of the . Tudors a ship from England, seeking a
northeast passage to the land of silk and spice,
had discovered the White Sea. The barbarians
who dwelt on the shores of that dreary gulf
had never before seen such a portent as a vessel
of a hundred and sixty tons burden. They
fled in terror; and, when they were pursued
and overtaken, prostrated themselves before
the chief of the strangers and kissed his feet.
He succeeded in opening a friendly communi
cation with them, and from that time there has
been a regular commercial intercourse between
our country and the subjects of the Czar. A
'Russia company was incorporated in London,
An English factory was built at Archangel.—
That factory was indeed, even in the latter part
of the seventeenth century, a rude and mean
building. The walls consisted of trees laid one
upon another, and the roof was ef birch bark.
This shelter, however, was sufficient in the
long summer day of the Arctic regions. Re oi
tarty at that season several English ships cast
anchor in the bay. A fair was hell on the
beach. Traders came from a distance of many
hundreds of miles to the only mart where they
could exchange hemp and tar, hides and tallow,
wax and honey, the fur of the sable and the
wolverine, and 'the roe of the sturgeon of the
Volga, for Manchester stuffs, Sheffield knives,
Birmingham buttons, sugar from Jamaica and •
pepper from Malabar. The commerce in these
articles was open. But there was a secret
traffic which was not less active or less lucra
tive, though the Russian laws had made it
punishable, and though the Russian divines
pronounced it damnable. In general, the
mandates of princes and the lessons of priests
were received by the Muscovite with profouud
reverence. But the authority of his princes
and of his priests united could not keep him
from tobacco. Pipes he could not obtain ; but
a cow's born perforated - served his turn. From
every Archangel fair rolls of the best Virginia
speedily found their way to Novgorod and
Tobolsk.
. -
The commercial intercourse between England
and Russia made some diplomatic intercourse
necessary. The diplomatic intercourse, how
ever, was only occasional. The Czar had no
permanent minister here. 'We had no perma
nent minister at. Moscow, and even at Archan
gel we had no consul. Three or four times in
a century extraordinary embassies were sent
from Whitehall to the Kremlin, and from the
Kremlin to Whitehall.
The English embassies had historians whose
narratives may still he read with interest.
Those historians described vividly, and some
times bitterly, the savage ignorance and the
squalid poverty of the barbarous country in
whicu they had sojourned. In that country,
they said, there was neither literature nor sci
ence, neither school nor college. It was not
till more than a hundred years after the inven
tion of printing that a single printing-press
had been introduced into the Russian empire,
and that printing-press had speedily perished
in a fire which was supposed to have beenkin
died by the priests. Even in the seventeenth
century the library of a prelate of the first
dignity consisted of a few manuscripts. Those
manuscripts, too, were in long rolls; for the
art of book-binding was unknown. The best
educated men could barely read and write. It
was much if the secretary to whom .was in
trusted the direction of negotiations with for
eign powers had a sufficient s mattering of Dog
Latin to make himself understood. The arith
metic was the arithmetic of Dark Ages. The
denary notation was unknown. Even in the
imperial treasury the computations were made
by the help of balls strung on wires. Round
the person of the sovereign there was a blaze
of gold and jewels; but even in his most splen
did palaces were to be found the filth and
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misery of an Irish cabin. So late as the year
1663 the gentlemen of the retinue of the Earl
of Carlisle were, in the city of Moscow, thrust
into a single bed-room, and were told that, if
they did not remain together, they would be in
dOnger of being devoured by rats.
Such was the report which the English lega
tions made of what they had seen and suffered
in Russia, and their evidence was confirmed by
the appearance which the Russian legations
made in England. The strangers spoke no
civilized language. Their garb, their gestates,
their salutations, had a wild and barbarous
character. The ambassador, and the grandees
who accompanied him, were so gorgeous that
all London crowded to stare at them, and so
filthy that nobody dared to touch them. They
came to the court balls dropping pearls and
vermin. It was said that one envoy cudgelled
the lords of his train whenever they soiled or
lost any part of their finery, and that another
had with difficulty been prevented from putting
his son to death for the crime of shaving and
dressing after the French fashion.
Our ancestors, therefore, were not a little
surprised to learn that a young barbarian, who
had, at seventeen years of age, become the
autocrat of the immense region stretching from
the confines of Sweden to those of China, and
whose education had been inferior to that of an
English farmer or shopman, had planned gi
gantic improvements, had learned enough of
some languages of Western Europe to enable
him to communicate with civilized men, had
begun to surround himself with able adventu
rers from , various parts of the world, had sent
many of his young subjects to study languages,
arts and sciences in foreign cities, and, finally,
had determined to travel as a private man, and
to discover, by personal observation, the secret
of the immense power enjoyed by some com
munities whose whole territory was far less
than the hundredth part of his dominions.
It -might have been expected that France
would have been the first object of his curiosity.
For the grace and dignity of the French king,
the splendor of the French court., the discipline
of the French armies, and the genius and
learning of the French writers, were then
renowned all over the world. But the Czar's
mind had early taken a strange ply which it
retained to the last. His empire was of all
empires the least capable of being made a great
naval power. The Swedish provinces lay
between his states and the Baltic. The Bos
phorus and Dardanelles lay between his states
and the Mediterranean. He hadaccess to the
ocean only in a latitude in which navigation is,
during a great part of every year, perilous and
difficult. On the ocean he had only a single
port, Archangel, and the whole shipping of
Archangel was foreign. There did not exist a
Russian vessel larger than a fishing boat. Yet,
from some cause which cannot now be traced,
he had a taste for maritime pursuits which
amounted to a passion, indeed almost to a mo
nomania. His imagination was full of sails,
yard-arms and rudders. That large mind,
equal to the highest duties of the general and
the statesman, contracted itself to the most
minute details of naval architecture and naval
discipline. The chef ambition of the great
conqueror and legislator was to be a good boat
swain and a good ship's carpenter. Holland
and England, therefore,. bad for him an attrac
tion which was wanting to the galleries and
terraces of Versailles. He repaired to Amster
dam, teok a lodging in the dock-yard, assumed
the garb of a pilot, put down his name on the
list of workmen, wielded with his own hand
the caulking-iron and the mallet, fixed the
pumps and twisted the ropes. Ambassadors
who came to pay their respects- to him were
forced, much against their will, to clamber up
the rigging of a man-of-war, and found him
enthroned on the cross-trees.
Such was . the prince whom the populace of.
London now crowded to behold. His stately
form, his intellectual forehead, his piercing
black eyes, his Tartar nose and mouth, his
gracious smile, his frown black with all the
stormy rage and hate of a barbarian tyrant,
and, above all, a, strange nervous convulsion.
which sometimes transformed his countenance,
during a few moments, into an object on which
it was impossible to look without terror, the
immense quantities of meat which he devoured,
the pints of brandy which he swallowed, and
which, it was said, he had carefully distilled
with his own hands, the fool who jabbered at
his feet, the monkey which grinned at the back
of his chair, were, during some weeks, popular
topics of conversation. He meanwhile shunned
the public gaze with a haughty shyness which
inflamed curiosity. He went to a play; but,
as soon aa.he perceived that pit, boxes and
galleries were staring, not at the stage, but at
him, he retired to a back bench, where he was
screened from observation by his attendants.
He was desirous to see a sitting of the House
of Lords; but as he was determined not to be
seen, he was forced to climb up to the leads;
and to peep through a small window. He
heard with great interest the royal assent given
to a bill for raising fifteen hundred thousand.
pounds by land tax, and learned with amaze
ment that this sum, though larger by one half
than- the whole revenue which he could wring
from the population of the immense empire of
which he was absolute master, was but a small •
part of what the Commons of England volun
tarily granted every year to their constitutional
king.
'William judiciously humored the whims of
his illustrious guest, and stole to Norfolk street
so quietly that nobody in the neighborhood
recoguized his majesty in the thin gentleman.
who got out of the modest-looking coach at the
Czar's lodgings. The Czar returned the visit
with the same precautions, and was admitted
into Kensington House by aback door. It was
afterward known that he took no notice of the
fine pictures with which the palace was adorned.
But over the chimney of the royal sitting-room
was a plate which, by an ingenious machinery,
indicated the direction of the wind, and with
this plate he was in raptures.
Ile soon became weary of his residence. He
found that he was too far from the objects of
his curiosity, and too near to the crowds to
which he was himself an object of curiosity.
He accordingly removed to Deptford, and was
there lodged in the house of John Evelyn, a
house which had long been a favorite resort of
men of letters, men or taste and men of science.
Here Peter gave himself u p to his favorite pur
suits. Ile navigated a yacht every day up and
down the river.
His apartment was crowded
with models of two deckers and three deckers,
frigates,
sloops and fire-ships. The only En
glishman of rank in whose society be seemed
pleasure was the eccentric Caer
whose
passion for the sea bore some
r esemblance to his own, and who was very n tt r a th it e e n, much
com
petent to give an opinion about every part of a
ship. from the stem to the stern. Caermartben,
indeed, became so great a favorite that be pre
vailed on the Czar to consent to the admission
of a limited quantity of tobacco into Russia.
There was reason to apprehend that the Rus
sian clergy would cry out against any relaxa
tion of the ancient rule, and would strenuously
maintain that the practice of smoking was
condemned by that text, which declares that
man is defiled, not by those things which enter
in at the mouth, but by those which proceed
out of it. This apprehension was expressed
by a deputation of merchants who were ad
mitted to an audience of the Czar; but they