RATES OF ADVERTISING..
Tour lines or less constitute half a square. Ten limn
or more than four, constitute a square.
llalfsq.,oneday--$.0.25 One , aq., one day.—....-40.50
c‘ one weer., 1.00 one week.
.... 8.00
one mo nth_ _ .00 one Inonth
Is
cc three months. 3.00 " three months. 6.00
ct IREIRoothS—• COO L 4 sixteenths. -8.0 0
u o ne year.-- . 0.00 cc jeer__ 10.00
Business notices inserted in the Loom. OOLUWX,or
before ~A g es and deaths, rum owns PER LIRE for sab
insertion_ Tomercuantsau&Othersadvertieingbytheyear
oast te. is will be offered.
mg - The wunberof insertions mwd he designated on the
ivertisement.
la' Marriages and Deaths will be inserted at the same
es as regnlar Advertisements.
•
Books, Stationtrp, Bzrc.
QCHOOL BOOKS School Directors ;
lj Teachers, Parents, Scholars, and others, in want of
School Books, School Stationery, &c., will find a complete
assortment. at R. M. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STOUR,
Market Sitpiure, Harrisburg, comprising in part tke
DRATIP.R3-Illciluffey's, Parker's, Cobb's, Angel's
SPNLLDIG BOOKS.—McGuaby% Cobb's, Webster's,
Town's, Byerles. Combry's.
IiNGLIBEE GRALNIMARS.—BuIIion's, Smith's, Wood
bridge
S llionteith,s, HartHart's,Walla'.
RLE.—Grimshaw's, Davenport's,Frost's, Wil
ton's, Will'i ' e, Goodrich ' s, Pinnock's, oldsmith's and
Clark's.
ABITHMEITIC'S.---GreenlesPs, Stoddard's, Emerson's,
Pik ALGEBRAS
C - ol G tr r an ee e n 's l , e a S r m si,t h aDnadv ieDe's Davie's.
Day's, Ray%
Bridge's.
DICTIONARYS.—WaIkees School, Cobb's, Walker,
Worcester'S Comprehensive, Woreester's Primary, Web
stees PriMary, Webster's H i g h
School, Webster'a Quarto,
Academic.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHIES.—Comstock'a:, Parker's,
Swift's. The above with a great variety (Weberscan at
any time be found at my store. Also, a complete assort
ment of School Stationery, embracing in thewhi le a cstore.om
plete outfit for school purposes. Any book not in the
procured et one days notice.
Er Country Merchants supplied at wholesale rates.
ALMANACS_—John Baer and Son's Almanac for sale al
B. M. POLLOCK. & SON'S BOOK STORE, Harrisburg.
/17. Wholesale and Retail. nevi
UPROLSTEitI.N Cr.
C. F. VOLLMER
Is prepared to do all kinds of work in the
UPHOLSTERING BITSINBSS.-
Pays particular attention to HARING AND PUTTING
DOWN CARPETS, MAKING AND REPAIRING MAT
THAMES, ESPALRING FURNITUBB, ac., Jac. Ile
csa be found Tell times at his residence, in the rear of
the WiWaal ouse, corner of Raspberry . and Black
septa-41v
berry alleys,
LETTER, CAP, NOTE PAPERS,
Pe', Holders, Pencils, Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of
the best quality, at low prices, direct from the manu
factories, at
mar2B SCHZETEIVS CHEAP BOOKSTORE
T.AW BOOKS I
o f LA LA W
It W BOOKS I I-A
State
JJ general assortment OOK S all the
Reports and Standard Elementary Works, with many of
the old English Reports, scarce and rare, together with
a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at very
low - prices, at the one price Bookstore of
E. M. POLLOCK , 8B ON,
Market Square, Harrisburg.
I:g3
alistellantous.
AN ARRIVAL OF
- NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
SILK. LINEN PAPER
FANS! PANS!! FANS!!!
ANOMIE AND SPLENDID LOT Of
SPLICED FISIIING RODS!
Trout Flies, Gut and Hair Snoods, Grass Lines, Silk
Hair and Ha Plaited Lines, and a general assortment of
FISHING TACKLE!
A GREAT 'VARIETY OF
WALKING CANES! •
Which we will sell as cheap as the cheapest!
Silver Head Loaded Sword Hickory Fancy
Canes! Canes! Canes! Canes! Canes!
KELLER'S DETIG AND FANCY STORE,
NO. 91 EMMET STREET,
South aide. one door east of Fourth street je9.
WE OFFER TO
CUSTOMERS
A New Lot of •
LADIES' PURSE-A,
Of Beautiful Styles, substantially made
A Splendid Assortment of
GENTLEMEN'S WALLETS.
A New andamegant perfume,
KNIGHTS TEMPILARS,IBOQUET,
Pat up in Cut Glass. Engraved Bottles_
A Complete Assortment of
pi A NDXER 10 HIEN PERFUMES,
Of the best Harnifsctore.
A very Handsome Variety of
POWDER PUFF BOXES.
KELLER'S DRUG STORE,
701 91 Market street,
CANDLESI .II
PARAFFIN CANDLES,
SPERM CANDLES,
STEARINE CANDLES,
ADAMANTINE CANDLES,
CREMICA.L SPEER CANDLES,
STAR (suensioa) CANDLES,
TALLOW CANDLES. •
A large invoice of the above in store, and for sage at
unusually low rases, by
Wht. DOCK, ye., & CO.,
janl Opposite the Court HMSO
_ _ _
GUN AND BLASTING POWDER.
JAMES M. WHEELER,
HARRISBURG. PA.,
AGENT FOR ALL
POWDER AND FUSE .
YANUFABICRED BY
L E. DUPONT DE NEMOURS dr, CO.,
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.
117°A. large supply always on hand. For sate atmanu
facturees prices. Magazine twolniles below town.
irr Orders received at Warehouse. nol7
GARDEN SEEDS 111--A FRESH AND
COMPLZTB assortment, just received and for sale by
feb2l WM. DOCK, an., & CO.
TUST ILECEIVED—A. large Stock of
ct SCOTCH ALES, BROWN STOTFT and LONDON
PORTER. For sale at, the lowest rates by
H. ZIEGLER,
73 Market street.
IMO
FISH!! FISH!!!
bucKEREL, ( Noo.l, 2 and 3.)
SALMON, (very superior.)
INNAD, Mess and very Sae.)
HERRINOh, (extra , large.)
COD DM.
SMOKED HERRING, (extra Digby.)
SCOTCH HERDING.
SARDINES AND ANCHOVIES.
Of the above we have Mackerel in whole, half, quarter
and eighth bbls. Herring in whole and half bbls.
The entire la DOW—DIREOT 780 X TIM 71811.88188, and
will sell them at the lowest market rates.
sepl4 WM. DOCK, JR., & CO.
CHAMPAGNE WINESI
DIIC DE XONTZBELLO,
HEIDBIECB & CO.,
CHARLES HEIDSTECK,
GIESLER & CO.,
ANCHOR-BILLER , MOUSSRUX,
- SPARKLING MUSCATEL,
MUMM & CO.'S,
VBRZENAY,
CABINET.
In store aid for sale by
JOHN H. ZIEGLER,
73 Market street,
de2/J
INTOKORY WOOD ! !-A SUPERIOR LOT
A.LjUrit received, and for sale in quantities to unit pur
e/mums, by JAMES M. WHEELER.
Also, OAK AND PINE constantly on head at. the
lowest prices. deth
thy BIBLES, from 1$ to .$lO,
lar6 ild and handsomely bound, printed on good paper,
with elegant d ew new type, sold at
mobil EICIIRPFB 6I43 Cheap Boohdlre.
BERRIES ! ! !—A SPLENDID LOT
vault CRAN BERRIES by
VOR a superior and cheap TABLE or
SALAD OIL go to
!OLLIE'S DREG STORE.
THE Fruit Growers' Handbook—by
-a. WARlNG—wholesale andretail at
metal SCHISINWS Booltetare.
PERM CANDLES.—A large supply
S
R., juat received by
otos Wl4. DOCK. Ja., & 00.
yam. DOCK. YR., & CO
.
lik
...: --- , 0 „7 - -- - -=-_; - - •7 1 ,-.47.--%%10„,44ft, -,--.:„..-_,---:=
Y:f-..:',,r•il''.
. .
..., 11 , 1 - 1 1..1 i
I
Union.
.
sx',' --N.- 'iiiipk•-•*7
KI. - , ~- • • -
•
.• ----.--
:-.
- 7_ ,- - - ----:.'-' . -.- ', 111 '1,.•, , 1 .......„ =
i, , •
,
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._....
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i
VOL. 3.
fitvo of Armlet.
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
WINTER TIME TABLE
a EC gMMI liiiN
FIVE MINS DAILY TO & FROM PRILIDELPRIA
ON AND AFTER
MONDAY, _NOVEMBER 26TH, 1860,
The Passenger Trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad Cora
pang will depart from and arrive at Harrisburg surg
Philadelphia as follows :
EASTWARD.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Harrisburg a
2.40 a. in., and arrives at West Philadelphia at 6.50 a. as
PAST LINE leaves Harrisburg at 12.56 p. an., and
arrives at West Philadelphia at 5.00 p. m.
MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg at 5.15 p. m., and ar
rives at West Philadelphia at 10.20 p. m.
These Trains make close connection at Philadelphia
with the New York Lines.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, No. 1, leaves Harrisburg
at 7.30 a. an., runs via Mount Joy, and arrives at West
Philadelphia at 12.30 p. m.
HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION leaves Harris
burg at 1.15 p. m., and arrives at West Philadelphia at
6.40 p. m.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, N 0.2, leaves Harrisburg
at 5.25 p. m., runs via Mount Joy, connecting at Diller.
'Ville with MAIL TRAIN East for Philadelphia.
WESTWARD.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Philadelphia
10.60 p. an., and arrives at Harrisburg at 8.10 a. an.
MAIL TRAIN leaves Philadelphia at 8.00 a. m., an
arrives at Harrisburg at 1.20 p. m.
LOCAL MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg for ?Mahar
at 7.00 a. m.'
PAST LINE leaves Philadelphia at 12.00 noon, and ar
rives at Harrisburg at 4.10 p. m.
HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves
Philadelphia at 2.00 p. m., and arrives at Harrisburg a*
7.35 p. m.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves Philadelphia
4.00 p. an., and arrives at Harrisburg at 9.45 p. in.
Attention is called to the fact, that passengers leaving
Philadelphia at 4 p. an. connect at Lancaster with
MOUNT JOY ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, and arrive
Harrisburg at 9.45 p. m.
SAMUEL D. YOUNG,
n023-dtf Supt. East. Div. Persa , a Railroad.
N EW AIR LINE ROUTE
NEW,YORK.
- . .
-
Shortest in Distance and Quickest in Time
BETWEEN THE TWO CITIES OF
NEW YORK AND HARBIBBURG,
VIA
REARM_ ALLENTOWN AND EASTON
MORNING EXPRESS, West, leaves New York at 0
a. In., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 p. m., only 6X hours
between the two cities.
MAIL LINE leaves New York at 12.00 noon, and ar
rives at Harrisburg at 8.15 p. m.
MORNING MAIL LINE, East, leaves Harrisburg
8.00 a. m., arriving at New York at's.2o p. m.
AFTERNOON EXPRESS LINE, East, leaves Harris
burg at 1.15 p. m. r arriving Allow• York at 9.45 p. m.
Connections are made at liarriabn,rg at 1.00 p. m. with
the Passenger Trains in each direction on the Pennsylvn
nia, Cumberland Valley and Northern Central Railroads
All Trains connect at Reading with Trains for Potts.
villa and Philadelphia, and at Allentown for Manch
Chunk, Easton, &c.
No change of Passenger Cars or Baggage between New
York and Harrisburg, by tie 6.00 a. in. Line from New
York or the 1.15 p. m. from Harrisburg.
For beauty of scenery and speed, comfort and scam
modation, this Route presents superior inducements to
the traveling public.
Fare between New York and Harrisburg, Frvs Domans
For Tickets and other information apply to
J. J. CLYDE, General Agent,
Harrisburg.
dels
PHILADELPHIA
AND
READING RAILROADa
WINTERARRAN G Elf ENT.
ON AND AFTER DEC. 12, 1860,
TWO PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE HARRISBURG
DAILY, (Sandayeexcepted,) at 8.00 A. M g and 1.15 P.
M., for Philadelphia, arrivingthere at 1.25 P.M., and 6.15
P.M.
RETURNING, LEAVE PHILADELPHIA at 8.00.A.M.
and 8.80 P.M., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 P.M. and B.la
P. M.
PARKS :—To Philadelphia, No. 1 Cars, $3.25 No. 2,
(in same train) $2.75.
PARES:—To Reading $l.BO and pm.
At Reading, donned with trains lot A'ottevi23, Mien.
eine, Tamaqua, Catawiam, An.
YOUR TRAINS LEAVE READING FOR PHILADEL.
PHU DAILY, at 8 A. M., 10.45 A. M., 12.30 noon and
8.48P.M.
LEAVE PHILADELPHIA FOR READING at 8 A.
My I.OD P. M., 3.80 P. M., and 5.00 P. hi.
P ARES :—Reading to Philadelphia, $1.75 and $1.45.
THE MIMING TRAIN FROM HARRISBURG CON
NEOTS AT READING with up train for Wilkeslbarre
Pittston and !Scranton.
For through tickets and other Information apply to
J. 7. CLYDE
General Agent.
dels.dU
PHILADELPHIA
AND
READING RAILROAD.
REDUCTION OF PASSENGER FARES,
ON AND AFTER MONDAY, APRIL 2, 1860
COMMUTATION TICKETS,
With 26 Coupons, Will be issued between any points
desired, good for the holder and any member of his
family, in any Passenger train, and at any time—at 16
per cent, below the regular Well.
Parties having occasion to use the Road frequently op
business or pleasure, will find the above arrangement
convenient and economical; as Four Passenger trains
run daily each wry between Reading and Philadelphia,
and Two Trains Of' w between Reading , Pottsville and
Harrisburg. Or Sundays, only one morning train Down,
and one after/err train Up, runs between Pottsville and
Philadelphir and no Passenger train on the Lebanon
Valley Brawl" Railroad.
For the above Tickets, or any information relating
thereto apply to S. Bradford, Esq., Treasurer, Philadel
phia, • the respective Ticket Agents on the line, or to
G. A. NIOOLLS, General Supt.
Karel& 27, 1860.—mar26-dtf
NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY.
MiCARMAPPROME
NOTICE.
CHANGE OF SCHEDULE.
SPRING ARRANGEMENT.
ON AND AFTER FRIDAY, MARCH ler, 1861. the
Passenger Trains of the Northern Central Railway will
leave Hacrieb GOINGe :
SOUTH.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN will leave at.. 3.00 a. in.
EXPRESS TRAIN will leave at . 7.40 a. in
MAIL TRAIN will lesiveat ...... 1.00 p. m.
GOING NOI?TH
MAIL TRAIN will leave at ... .. 1.40 p.
EXPRESS TRAIN will leave at......p. m.
The only Train leaving Harrisburg on Sunday will ve
the ACCOMMODATION TRAIN South. at 3.00 a. in.
For further inforoiation apply at the office, in Penn
sylvania Railroad Depot. JOHN W. HALL , Agent.
Harrisburg, March let-dtf.
DRIED BEEF—An extra lot of DRIED
BEEP jut received by
no 9 ‘ WM. DOCK, Tn., & CO.
BURLINGTON HERRING!
Juit received by WK. DOCK, Ja., do CO
ocl
IMPTY BOTTLES !—Of all sizes
HARRISBURG, PA., THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 1861.
lilistellancous.
TAKE NOTICE!
Thst we have recently added to our already full stock
OF SEGARS
LA. NORMATIS,
HARI KARI,
EL MONO,
LA BANANA.
OF PERFUMERY
FOR TME HAIMICHHOHIEF :
TURKISH ESSENCE,
ODOR OF MUSK,
LUBIN'S ESSENCE BOUQUET,
FOR THE EIAIR:
EAU LUSTRALE,
CRYSTALIZED POMATUM, •
MYRTLE AND VIOLET POMATUM
FOR TER COMPLEXION :
TALC OF VENICE,
ROSE LEAF POWDER,
NEW MOWN HAY POWDER,
BLANC DE PERLES
OF SOAPS:
BASIN'S BMWS
MOSS ROSE,
RENZOIN,
UPPER TEN;
VIOLET,
NEW MOWN HAY,
JOCKEY CLUB,
Having the largest stock and best assortment of Toilet
Articles, we fancy that we are better able than our com
petitors to get up a complete Toilet Set at any price de
sired. Call and see.
Always on band, a FRESH Stock of DR UGS, MEDI
CINES, CHEMICALS &e consequent of our re
ceiving almost daily additions thereto.
KELLER'S DRUG AND FANCY STORE,
91 Market Street, two doors East of Fourth Street
sep6 South side.
JACKSON & CO.'S
SHOE. STORE,
NO. 90X MARKET STREET,
HARRISBURG, PA.,
Where they intend to devote their entire time to the
manufacture of
BOOTS AND SHOES
Of all kinds and varieties, in the neatest and most fash
ionable styles, and at satisfactory prices.
Their stock will consist, in part, of Gentlemen's Fine
Calf and Patent Leather Boots and Shoes, latest styles;
Ladies' and Misses' Gaiters, and other Shoes in great
variety; and in fact everything connected with the
Shoe business.
CUSTOMER WORK will be particularly attended to,
and in all cases wilt satisfaction be warranted. Lasts
fitted up by one of the best makers in the country.
The long practical experience of the undersigned, and
their thorough knowledge of the business will, they
trust, be sufficient guarantee to the public that they
will do them justice, and furnish them an article tha
will recommend itself for utility, cheapness and. dura
bility. [jan9] JACKSON & CO.
THE AMERICAN BYRON!
GUADALOUPE:
A TALE OF LOVE AND WAR.
A Poem in the style of DON JUAN, and equal in
spirit, matter and mariner to that brilliant production
of the "Burma 'Wm.' , By a welt known citizen of
Philadelphia, who served with distinction in the late
War with Mexico.
PRICH SEVENTY-PITH ORNTS.
Eor sale at SOILENFER , S BOOKSTORE,
mar 6 No. 18 Market Street. Harrisburg, Pa.
A_ NEW FEATURE IN THE SHOE
TRADE!!!
1:1111.POICItANT. TO ROUSZLEEPSRS ! •
E. R. DURK & CO'S SELECT SPICES,
In Tin Poi' ~ined with Paper,) and fall Weight.•..
BLACK PLPPER, GINGER, NUTMEG, WHITE PEP
PER, ALLSPICE, MACE, CAYENNE PEPPER,
CINNAMON. CLOVES, MUSTARD.
In this age of adulterated and tasteless Spices, it is
with confidence that we introduce to the attention of
Housekeepers these superior and genuine articles. We
guarantee them not only ABSOLUTELY AND PERFECTLY
PURE, but ground from fresh Spices, selected and cleaned
by us expressly for the purpose, without reference to
cost. They are beautifully packed in tin foil, (lined with
paper.) to prevent injury by keeping, and are FULL
wsiowr, while the ordinary ground Spices are almost
invariably short. We warrant them, in point of strength
and richness of flavor, beyond all comparison, as a sin
gle trial will abundantly prove.
Every package bears our TRADE MARK.
Manufactured only by E. R. DURKEE & CO., New
York.
. or sale by r ,
1 1 , 0 A L I
Na_
For sale by [feb27.] WM. DOCK, JR., &CO
ONLY YARD IN TOWN THAT DELIVERS
COAL BY THAI
PATENT WEIGH CARTS!
.NO W IS TEE TIME
For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the
winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh
Carts. The accuracy of these Carts no one disputes, and
they never get out of order, as is frequently the case of
the Platform Scales; besides, the consumer has the
satisfaction of proving the weight of his Coal at his
own house
I have a large supply of Coal on hand, con:, - =' , ag of
S.ll. CO.'S LUKENS VALLEY COAL all sizes,
LYKENS VALLEY
WILICESBARRE
BITUMINOUS BROAD TOP do
AR Coal of the beat quality mined, and delivered free
from all impurities, at the; lowest rates, by the boat or
mu load, single, half or third of tons, and by the bushel.
JAMES M. WHEELER.
Harrisburg, September 24. 1.880.--sep2s
SCOTCFI WHISKY.—One Puncheon
of PURE SCOTCH WHISKY just received and for
sale by
jaa2
HATCH & CO.,
SHIP AGENTS
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS:,
138 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA,
DEALERS IN
FLOUR, GRAIN, PRODUCE, COTTON,
WINES AND LIQUORS,
TOBACCO AND CIGARS.
note-dam
D YOTTVILLE GLASS WORKS,
PHILADELPHIA,
MANUFACTURE
CARROTS, DEMIJOHNS,
WINE, PORTER, MINERAL WATER, PICKLE AND
PRESERVE BOTTLES
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
H. S. & 4. W. DEMURS,
0019-dly 27 South Front [claret, Philadelphia.
AT COST!!!
BOTTLED WINES, BRANDIES,
AND
LIQUORS OFRYERY DESCRIPTIONY
Together with a complete assortment, (wholesale and
retail,) embracing everything in the line, will be sold at
cost, without reserve.
janl WM. DOCK. Ja., & CO.
VALENTINES ! VALENTINES ! !
A large assortment of COMIC and SENTIMENTAL
VALENTINES of different styles and prices. For sale
SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
18 Market Street, Harrisburg, Pa.
feb9
HAVANA CIGARS.—A Fine Assort
ment, comprising Figaro,Zaiagozona, La Saha,
Bird, Fire. Fly, Etelvina, La erinto, Capitalio of all
sizes and qualities, in quarter, one-filth and one-tenth
boxes, just received, and for sale low by
JOHN H. ZIEGLER,
73 Market Street.
janBl.,
V ELLER'S DRUG STORE is the place
rk to buy Domestic Medicines
COAL!!
d o ft 4 6
do. i `'
JOHN H. ZIEGLER,
78 Market street.
A very Superior 1
Eke 'patriot it - 'anion.
THURSDAY MORNING. MARCH 28, 1861
SPRING.
[From the Dublin University magazine.]
A flush of green is on the boughs,
A warm breath panteth in the air,
And in the earth a heart-pulse there
Throbs underneath her breast of snows.
Life is astir among the woods,
And by the moor, and by the stream,
The year, as from a torpid dieam,
Wakes in the sunshine on the buds;
Wakes up in music as the song
Of wood bird wild, and loosen'd rill
More frequent from the windy hill
Comes greening forest aisles along;
Wakes up in beauty as the sheen
Of woodland pool the gleams receives
Through bright flowers, over braided leaves,
Of broken sunlights, golden-green.
She seeti . the ontlaw'd winter stay
Awhile, to gather after him
Snow robes, frost-crystall'd diadem,
And then in soft showers pass away.
She could not love rough winter well,
Yet cannot choose but mourn him now;
So wears awhile on her young brow
His gift—a gleaming icicle.
Then turns her loving to the sun,
Upheaves her bosom's swell to his,
And, in the joy of his first kiss, •
Forgets for aye that sterner one:
Old winter's pledge from her be reeves—
That icy cold, though glittering spar—
And zones her with a green cymar,
And girdles round her brow with leaves;
The primrose and wood-violet
He tangles in her shining hair,
And teaches elfin breezes fair
To sing her some sweet eawnet.
All promising long summer hours,
When she in his embrace shall lie,
Under the broad dome of bright sky,
On mossy couches starr'd with flowers,
Till she smiles back again to him,
The beauty beaming from hie face,
And, robed in light, glows with the grace
Of Eden-palaced cherubim.
0 earth, thy glowing loveliness
Around our very hearts has thrown
An undimmed joyance all its own,
And sunn'd us o'er with happiness.
THE OIL REGION OF VIRGINIA
A correspondent writing to• the Richmond
Dispatch on the 12th inst., from Three Forks,
Roane county, Va., thus describes his visit to
that " oil region :"
My road lay, for the most part, through a
rough and uninhabited country, andjust before
reaching the " wells," along a very high ridge
from which a view of the country for many
miles . around was obtained, away in the west,
I saiiifieTising town. , Cabin after cabin ranged
along the hill side, so new that you imagined
they were as yet unoccupied. I was forcibly
reminded of the ideas I bad conceived in regard
to some newly discovered " digginS" in Califor
nia. Presently we began to descend the ridge
and wind: around its base, when all at once the
solitutle,ef my long journey across the moun
tains was exchanged for the bustle and hum of
city lire.' I had always spoken to every man.
woman and child I met in the road, but now I
did trot think of it. There were squads of men
stanclint in the muddy math, while ox carts,
loaded with timber, were struggling along the
deep ravines, and recently felled trees and split
boariis lay on every side. I had never seen
anything like it before; and as I got nearer
the village I saw, not far off, derrick after der
rickiwitb men busily engaged at the base and
upon 'the top of them,
boring for the precious
oil. .My excitement quickened rapidly. I
hastened forward, my horse throwing the muddy
water from heels to head, until I found myself
in the midst of the "wells," and soon at the
door of a hotel, half finished, with no steps to
the front door, so that it was necessary to enter
the back way—the house being on a steep hill
side, there was no difficulty.
I never saw such a "mess," to use a vulgar
expression, before—saddles, and saddle-bags,
bags of beans, dried apples, peaches and pota
toes, and barrels of flour, all piled up together
in the passage and in the dining-room, amid
mud and dirt. I looked' for a stable, but it
had not been built—a shed for the present suf
ficed. The bar-room, as usual, was crowded.
But I must not trespass upon your readers, but
give you, in as few words as possible, a de
scription of the "wells ;" and first, as to how
they are dug : After the rock is reached, a few
feet below the surface, the machinery for dig
ging is prepared—a scaffold, about thirty-five
feet high, eight or ten feet square at the base,
and about four or five feet at the top, made of
four poles, united by scantling, is erected ; at
the top of this is a "block," through which a
rope is passed, by which the long "sinker,"
made of iron, pointed with steel, is lifted and
let fall. After the well has been dug to a con
siderable depth, rods are screwed on, thus
lengthening the shaft; and, in order to lift it,
a long pole is used, called a "scoop," (often
50 feet,) one end of which is fastened to the
ground, and the other is attached to the top of
the rod, by which it is lifted from the bottom.
These rods are not more than two inches in
diameter. The well is, therefore, very small—
not more than three or four inches in diame
ter. If you have seen poles used in raising
water from wells, you will readily understand
what I mean. The men (two or three of them)
at the top of the scaffold swing upon the end
of the pole to which the sinker is attached,
thus thrusting it down, and "poking" the bot
tom, followed by a metallic "click," and again
letting go the pole, the sinker is again raised ;
and so they continue, occasionally pulling up
the apparatus to pump up the water and de
bris.
The cost of boring is about $1.75 per foot for
the first hundred feet, and $2 for all beyond.
Within a space of a half mile there are, about
150 "wells" either already dug or in process
of digging. They begin on the little Kanawha,
200 yards or more below the mouth of "Burn
ing Spring Run," and continue up the run to
its source. There are only six or eight wells
that . are yielding oil. All who have gone deep
enough have been rewarded with success; not
a single well has been abandoned. Perhaps
four-fifths of the wells have been very recently
begun. The progress made is from one foot to
ten or fifteen per day. Some wells have been
in process of digging for three or four weeks,
but have not gotton more than 120 feet. The
average depth is from 115 to 145 feet. Some
persons have gone 200 feet without finding oil,
but are not discouraged. Some dig on the
hill-sides, but most of them in the bottom. I
visited every well that was yielding oil. That of
Llewellyn & Co. was yielding very rapidly ;
often it produces one barrel per minute. Think
of it ! I saw them filling seven barrels at the
same time. A friend timed them, and they
filled 14 barrels in 15 minutes—i. e., $l4O in.
a quarter of an hour. This is making money
after a fashion I never saw before. Th, oil
barrel. The expense of getting it is a mere
nothing after you once reach it. Sometimes it
runs spontaneously, at other times it is pumped
up. The flat boats (of which I saw upwards
of 100) take it to Parkersburg in 24 hours.—
Day before yesterday 2,000 or 3,000 barrels
left the "wells" for that destination.
The well of Lewellyn & Co. is much the
most productive. There are several others
that yield 30 and 40 barrels per day. Many
of the wells are not worked for want of barrels.
Barrels bring $2 apiece. The timber here is
superb, and very abundant. There is a small
cooper's establishment here, but no steam used.
The oil is peculiar. I saw some when out
here two years ago, at Roane Court House, ex
uding from marsh which was black and
viscid, somewhat like tar, but this is fluid, and
of a bottle-green color, sometimes yellow, like
molasses. Its specific gravity is about 40 de
gress, water being 60 degrees. It is as liquid
as the fluid which you burn in Richmond, and
is used here in fluid lamps, and, I understand,
does not smoke. It can, as you know, be re
fined and made perfectly limpid. I learn this
is done at little expense at several places on the
Ohio, and also in New York, where much of it
is shipped.
The Parkersburg (Va.) Gazette, noticing the
oil discoveries treated of in this correspon
dent's letter says that two barrel factories are
being built in that town, capable of turning
out 400 barrels per day, and that at Burning
Springs a factory is being erected to manufac
ture 1,000 per day.
GARTA AFTER ITS FALL-THE TERRI
BLE EFFECTS OF WAR.
Correspondence of the London Times
GAETA, Feb. 23. * * * I went yes
terday, for the last time, to take a long and
minute survey of the battered place. I had
hitherto found pleasure rather in - viewing
batteries, roads, trenches and parallels, than
in contemplating the havoc and desolation
which were the result of those ingenious con
trivances. I went over the ground with all
diligence, nevertheless. Gaeta is not Gibraltar,
the hill is not so steep, the rock not so firm,
the batteries not so cunningly screened from
view—above all things, the isthmus is not so
long, the point of attack not so far removed,
yet there is enough in the insulated ground,
in the cramped up town, in the sandy isthmus,
in the general look of one place to remind one
of the appearance of the other.
No part of the whole mass of town, fortress,
and hill has entirely escaped the ravage of the
artillery which thundered at it from the land
side. Where the cannon-ball did not hit point
blank, there the bomb-shell hit with dire effect.
The besiegers reckon they fired, during the
whole siege, about 56,000 shot; 13,000 in one
day alone, the 22nd of January. It is hardly
an exaggeration to say that you may almost
tell the effect of each projectile ; you almost
come to the conclusion that not one of them
has been hurled in vain. The siege of Gaeta
is, I believe, the first instance in which rifled
cannon has been applied on a large scale to the
battering of walls and bastions.
The Piedmontese, as I told you, had reared
80 of these new war engines on their batteries,
and no man who has not seen it can believe the
havoc they have caused. I already described
to you the condition of that part of the town I had
already visited, that narrow slip stretching
from the town gate to the Royal Palace. The
houses in this part may be said to be either
altogether blown away or struck up all of a
heap ; the batteries lining the sea, before these
houses, and even, in some instances, the case
mates under them, are a mass of crumbling
ruins. The Royal Palace, and the higher and
lower town before it, are still standing; but
there is hardly a building, lofty or lowly,
whether jutting out or shrinking back, that may
be said to be unscathed. I saw several villain
ous holes through the roof of the Catholic
Church, and more than one of its windows
smashed out of all shape. As I ascended the
hill, the road, the ground, the fencing walls,
the whole mass nearly up to the summit Iva,
here and there, ploughed up, leveled do*fi,
torn asunder, destroyed, with a violence exceed
ing all I could imagine as the effect of mere
human contrivance. The whole hill, up to the
foot of Roland's Tower, was strewn with pro
jectiles. The round tower itself was hit in
more than one spot. and, although a small
battery of four rifled cannon, reared by the
Neapolitans on the hill-crest, had not suffered,
yet there was no evidence that no inch of
ground within the peninsula of Gaeta might
be considered as safe from the enemy's fire.
-I walked half way down the hill to the
Queen's battery, and there I may say one out
of four of them were dismounted, and the
parapets were everywhere greviously damaged;
but I proceeded to the lower bastions, which
had evidently borne the brunt of the attack,
and there is no exaggeration in saying that
the original design of the works is scarcely
any longer to be recognized, so miserably the
gabions, sandbags, walls, parapets, cannon,
affuts and the ground they stood on , have been
blown, and, as it were, winnowed together. I
have seen such havoc caused in an Italian
vineyard or garden by some furious hailstorm,
where a few stumps of trees are all that remain
of what was half an hour before a rank mass
of luxuriant vegetation, but could not, I repeat,
believe that a fortress or part of it could be
"crumbled up as an old piece of paper" as I
saw Gaeta yesterday. There is something
bewildering, appalling in the sight of so ex
tensive a wreck ; the buildings, storehouses,
barracks, sheds, chapels, fountains, small
suburbs, convents and churches which are scat
tered here and there between and behind those
lower bastions have been in many instances
not only crushed and pounded to mere shape
less fragments, to atoms, but they have been
actually swept away. Stone or brick, iron or
mud, the softest or the hardest material, equally
gave way ; the projectile seemed to bring des
truction with it in the very wind that encom
passed it.. Its effect was not battering merely,
but blasting.
WAR TEM.—The Columbiad or Paixhan
(pronounced payzan) is a large gun, designed
principally for firing shells—it being far more
accurate than the ordinary short mortar. A
mortar is a very short cannon, with a large
bore, some of them thirteen inches in diameter,
for firing shells. Those in use in our army are
set at an angle of 45 deg., and the range of the
shell is varied by altering the charge of pow
der. The shell is caused to explode at just
about the time that it strikes, by means of a
fuse, the length of which is adjusted to the
the time of flight to be occupied by the ball,
which, of course. corresponds with the range.
The accuracy with which the time of the burn
ing of a fuse can be adjusted by varying its
length is surprising, good artillerists generally
succeeding in having their
shells explode al
most at the exact instant of striking. In load
ing a mortar, the shell is carefully placed with
the fuse directly forward, and when the piece
is discharged, the shell is so completely envel
oped with flame that the fuse is nearly always
fired. The fuse is made by filling a wooden
cylinder with fuse powder, the cylinder being
of a sufficient length for the longest range, to
be cut down shorter for shorter ranges, as re
quired. A Dahigre n gun is an ordinary can-
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NO. 176.
breech for some three or four feet, when it ta
pers down sharply to less than the usual size.
This form was adopted in consequence of the
experiments of Captain Dahlgren, of the 11. B.
Navy, having shown that when a gun bursts,
it usually gives way at the breech. The Niag
ara is armed with these guns, and at the Brook
lyn Navy Yard there are sixty, weighing about
9,000 pounds each, and six of 12,000 pounds
weight each, the former of which are capable
of carrying nine inch. and the latter a ten inch
shell a distance dame or three miles ; and
there is one gun of this pattern which weighs
15,916 pounds, and is warranted to send an
eleven inch shell four miles. A casemate is a
stone roof to a fort, made sufficiently thick to
resist the force of cannon balls, and a casemate
gun is one which is placed nailer a casemate.
A Barbette is one which is placed on the top of
the fortification. An embrasure is the hole or
opening through which guns are fired from for
tifications. Loop holes are openings in walls
to fire musketry through.—Scientific American..
THE YELVERTON CAM—After giving an out
line of the story, the London Times comments
on the ease
Such is an outline of this extraordinary case,
and in weighing the evidence on either aide it
is difficult to pronounce a judgment. There
are some improbabilities in the lady's story,
especially as regards the alleged Scotch mar
riage ; but on this and other important points
she was well corroborated by facts and witnes
ses, and during a long and severe examination
she was not shaken in a single particular. In
finding for her the jury have probably come to
a sound conclusion, though their verdict can
have no effect on the principle point in issue.
On the other hand, the case of Yelverton was
obviously antecedently improbable, and that in
a very remarkable degree. It rested in the
main on his own statements, with every possi
ble motive for fasehood ; and it broke down in
its vital point—the assertion of a cohabitation
forr-a fortnight before the marriage in Ireland.
As regards the actors in this woeful drama,
it is easy to form an estimate of them. The
man who, in his own words, conceived "the
idea" of a systematic seduction—committed,
if we may credit himself, a most abomniable
outrage on a lady who had just been the guest
of his superior officer—profaned a solemn and
most holy rite for the vile purpose of fraud and
sensuality—abandoned his victim in the hour
of her peril, with hints about " avoiding an
event" which may well bear a terrible inter
pretation—and finally crowned the climax of
his deeds by ruining, through his contact.
another woman—we may leave to his self-in
flicted misery. With his own counsel, we simply
give him up, and can only suppose, in the pub
lic interest, that his name will soon disappear
from the army list. But what shall we write
about his partner in this dark history of folly
and ruin, who now floats a wreck on a sea of
misfortunes by reason, in part, of her own fail
ings, and whose very success must cause her
the keenest anguish? We may lament her
wrongs and sufferings, but cannot conceal from
ourselves the fact that they principally arise
from her own misconduct. Let us take it that
she was technically chaste, and that she never
cohabited with Yelverton till after the secret
marriage in Ireland. But was her behavior,
even from the first, in accordance with femi
nine propriety, and is ijnot plain that through
all these years it was she who was really fol.
lowing Yelverton, not Yelverton who was seek
ing her in marriage ? This, indeed, is the only
possible plea which can be urged in excuse of
his misdeeds.
INTER-STATE " CHICKEN" DISPUTE BETWEEN
KENTUCKY AND MICHIGAN.—The great cock
fight, for a stake of $l,OOO, between twenty-one
cocks from Louisville, Kentucky, and the same
number from this city, was fought yesterday at
the German Theatre, The building was crow
ded during the entire day, and great excite
ment prevailed. The entertainment was one
which is not often witnessed, and the desire to
see it was very great, although the zest was
materially lessened by the unqualified defeat
which the Detroit side experienoed. To un
derstand the contest some explanation will be
necessary, although we entertain serious doubts
in regard to our competency as an expounder
of cock-fighting technicalities.
Twenty-one birds are produced on each side,
which are weighed and matched, those which
come within two ounces of each other being pit
ted together. Those which match are said to
"fall in." Of the twenty-one pairs seventeen fell
in which constituted seventeen battles for the
main, the majority of which took the stake of
$l,OOO. In addition to this there was the bat
tle money of $25 on each fight, making, where
the contest all went all one way, as this one
did, a very respectable sum.
The crowd was mixed. There were alder
men, professional gentlemen, public function
aries of high and low degree, men of leisure,
shirtsleeve fellows, and roughs, with a sprink
ling of countrymen and John Bulls. The
fighting was done on scientific principles, but
we demur to a scientific description, as such an
effort would certainly result in a disastrous
failure. The cocks were brought in, two at a
time, and, after preliminary preparaticina, were
placed in the ring and allowed to fight until one
gave up from weakness or was killed. The
latter contingency resulted in numerous in
stances. The sharp steel gaffs occasionally
penetrated a vital part, and ended a battle be
fore it was fairly begun. Louisville won
steadily, until, at 4 o'clock, the main was de
cided in its .favor, the score standing nine to
two. The fighting was kept up steadily from
10 o'clock in the forenoon until the decision
was rendered.--Detroit Free Press, 20th inst.
PAT BETTERING HIS INSTRUGTIONS.-A lady
and gentleman recently married, in the neigh
borhood of Nottingham, left home in their own
carriage for a bridal tour among the Cumber
land lakes. In order to avoid the curiosity at
tracted by persons in the honeymoon the gen
tleman gave his Irish footman the strictest
charge not to tell any one on the road that they
were newly married, and threatening to dismiss
him instantly if he did. Pat promised implicit
obedience; but on leaving the first inn on the
road, next morning, the happy couple were much
astonished and annoyed to find the servants all
assembled, and pointing to the gentle Man, mys
teriously exclaiming, " That's him ; that's the
man." On reaching the next stage, the indig
nant master told Murphy he must immediately
discharge him, as he had divulged what he im
pressed upon him as a secret. "Phase your hon
our," says Pat, "what is it you complain of?"
You rascal," exclaimed the angry master,
"you told the servants at the inn last night that
we were a newly married couple." ",Och,
then, be this and be that," said Pat, brighten
ing up in anticipated triumph, " there's not a
word of truth in it, yer honour ; sure I tould the
whole kit of them, servants and all, that you
wouldn't be married for a fortnight yet!"
FOR TEE SOUTBERN CONFEDEBACY.—The
Louis Republican learns that an agent of the
Southern Confederacy has chartered the steamer
H. D. Bacon, of that port, to go to Alton, Illi
nois, and take in a load of provisions, consist=
ing of corn, wheat, pork &c., to the amount of
600 tons. The cargo is destinel for Florence,