RATES OF ADVERTISING
lour lines or less cOnstitnte half a square. Tell MOO
or more than four, constitute a square.
us ual., °nodal --- $0.25 One sq., one day.-.---30.60
II Oue week.-- 1.00 ~ one week.--- 1.26
one ( 6 Due innnth• - 8.00
is
uthreemonth- . 2.00
months, three months- 5.00
eisMonthe- . 4.00 6 6 six swathe.- 8.00
«u
one year—. . 5.00 . c one year....- 10.00
Er - Itustdess notices inflected in the Loyal. corium or
before marriages and deaths, Frye °wad pea LlllB kw 96
icrertion. To merchantsand Others advertisingbytheyear
liberal ter 28 will be offered.
irr The numberef insertions must be designated on the
bertisement.
MaxriageS and Deaths will be inserted at the name
seas 'regular Advertisements.
' • - ' -
000115, Otationtru,
sellOOL BOOKS.—School Directors ;
Teachers Parents, Scholars, and others in want of
octiool Books:School Stationery, &c., will finds complete
igiOrttnent at H. Id, POLLOcK & SON'S BOOK BTORB,
gioket Square, Harrisburg, comprising in part the follow
ing—
os.DSßS.-141eGurfey's, Parker's, Cobbs, Angell's
gpgLLINQ BOOBS.—MeGuifey's, Cobb's, Webster's,
fosn's,Byerly' e. Combry's.
BIiGLISH CillAitlMAßS.—Bullion's, Smith% Wood
G ridge's, Honteithist Hart's,
oar 0R1P.8.-.-GrriMehalf% Davenport's, Frost's, Wil
fetes, Willard's, Eisxdrich's, Pinnocies, B o ltismithtil and
Mark's.
BITHHSTIC'S.--Greenlears, Stoddard's, Emerson's)
tate% Rose's, Coburn% Smith and Duke's, Davie's.
ALOBBKAtil.—GreenleaPe, Davie's, Day e, Bay's,
Briage' B .
DICTIONARTS.—WaIker's School, Cobb's, Walker,
Woroeaterlit ComprehenSiVe, Worcester's Primary, Web
ster's Primary, Webster's High School., Webatals quarto,
Academic.
NATURAL BSS.-PlClLOSOPCometotkie, Parker's,
gwiftln. The OM with riety of others can at
say time be found at my atom Aldo, a complete assort ,
went of School Stationery, embracing in the wht
the store.
le a cow
pieta outfit for school purposes. Any book not in
pl owed d one days notice.
117' Country Merchants supplied at Wil9tesale rates.
Baer and Sons Almanac for salo
al
j. M. POLLOCK & BON'S BOOK STORNI, Harrisburg.
EX Wholesale and Retail. myl
SIIST RECEIVED
AT
SOREFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
ADAMAN-I•LNE SL.,ITE AS
OF 'VARIOUS Ott ES AND DRUMS,
Which, for beauty and we, cannot be excelled.
REMEMBER TEE PLACE,
SCHEFFERIS BOOIESTO.RE,
NO. 18 Di anirie.T STREET. mars
N E Iv' BOOKSI
JUST RECEIVED
g , S3AL AND SAY, ,, by the author of "Wide, Wide
World," ~ p 011....., ...a Oents,) , &e.
"HISTORY OR METRODISM, ,, by A. Stevens, iii.,.D
For sale at SCIERFPIARS) BOOKSTORE,
AO No. 18 Marks et,
JUST RECEIVED,
A LARGE AND SPLENDID ASSORTMENT ON
RICHLY GILT AND ORNAMENTAL
WINDOW CURTAINS,
PAPER BLINDS,
Of various Designs and Colors, for 8 cents,
TISSUE PAPER AND CUT FLY PAPER,
At [my 2.4] SCREFFERSS BOOKSTORE.
WALL PAPER I WALL PAPER If
kit received, our spring Stock of WALL PAPER,
BORD.SitS, FIRE SOItEENS, Ate., &e_ Itiß thelargest
and best selected assortment in the city, ranging in price
fromsix (6) cents up to one dollar and &quarter ($1.25.)
As we purchase very low for cash, we are prepared to
sell at as low rated, if not lower, than Can he had else
where. if purchasers will call and examine, we feel
confident that we can please them in respect to price
and quality. E. M POLLOCK & SON,
spa Below 70nee' Mouse, Market Square.
LETTER,
Pens, "folders, Pencils, Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of
the best Quality, wt low prices, direct from the manu
factories, at
mar3o 13011EFFER,S CHEAP BOOKSTORE
T . AW BOOKS t LAW BOOKS I-A
general. assortment of LAW BOOM, all the State
Reports and Standard Elementary Works, with many of
the old English Reports, scarce and rare, together with
a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at 'very
kW plea, at tat °novice 'WaftOro of
E. N. PO - WAR & SON,
znyB Market Square, Harrisburg.
, fli~cellancou .
AN ARRIVAL OF
NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
BILE LINEN PAYEE
FANS! FANO!! PANS!!!
ANOTHER AND SPLENDID LOT OF
SPLICED FISHING RODS!
Trout Plies, Gat and Hair Snoods, Grass Lines, Silk
fad Hair Plaited Lines, and a general assortment of
FISHING TAMP.:
A GREAT VARIETY OP
WALKING- CANES!
Which we will sell as cheap as the cheapest!
Silver Head Loaded Sword. Hickory Fancy
Canes! Canes! Canes! Canes! Canes!
EEL - LBWS DRUG AND - FANCY STORE,
NO. 91 261LRILET STREET,
Sonia side, one door east of Fourth street jai).
C 0 ALIII
N
irr ONL Y $1.75 P.ER TON!!! .11
TREVERTON NUT COAL for Bale at $1.75 per too,
dethrered by Patent Weigh Carte.
PINEELBOYE COAL, j est received by care, for sale by
feb2l JAMES M. WHEELER.
GARDEN SEEPS!!! -A FRESH AND
COMPLETE assortment, just received and fur sale
by
feb2l WM. DOCK, Ja., & CO.
TUST RECEIVED—A large Stock of
SCOTCH ALES, BROWN STOIIT and LONDON
PORTER. For sale at the lowest rates by
JOHN IL ZIEGLER,
73 Market street.
Ail/
F ISHII F 1.811.111
11,ACHEREL, (Nos. I, 2 and 3.)
SALMON, (very superiffr)
SHAD, (Mesa and very fine.)
HERRING, (extra large.)
COD FISH.
SMOKED HERRING, (extra Digby.)
SCOTCH HERRING.
SARDINES AND ANCHOVIES.
Of the above we hare Mackerel in whole, half, quarter
and eighth bble. Herring in whole and half bbls.
The entire lot 110W—DDIXOT /RON VII I'M eanie ) and
will Cell them at the lowest market rates.
sepl4 WM. DOCK, Ta., & CO.
CHAMPAGNE WINESI
DUO DE MONTEBELLO,
HEIDSIEOK & CO.,
CHARLES HEIDSIECK,
GIESLER k CO_,
ANCHOR—SILLERT MOUSSEUX,
spARRLING MUSCATEL,
MUMM & CO.'S,
TERZENAY,
CABINET.
In store and for sale by
JOHN U. ZIEGLER,
Ta Market street,
de2o
HICKORY WOOD I 7.-A SUPERIOR LOT
et received, asp for sale in quantities to suit per
ehasers, by JADES M. WHEELER.
Also, OAX AND PINE constantly on hood st the
lowest prices. deal
FELY BIBLES, from 191. to $lO,
strong and handsomely bound, printed on good paper,
With elegant clear new type, sold at
metal sonsrmro Cheap Booketiore.
CRANBERRIES I I !-A SPLENDID LOT
No inst received by
oetlo
F _
oR a superior and cheap TABLE or
SALAD OIL go to
KELLER'S DRUG STORE.
THE Fruit, Growers' Handbook—by
WABlNGt—wholesale sad retail at
metal BOTIABFBRVI Bookstore.
PERM CANDLES.—A large supply
IV just received by
WM. DOCK, Ja.. lc co.
rELLER'S DRUG STORE is the plass
to Bad the bad winortment of Pcirte Manages.
WM. DOCK, Ja., & CO.
\wr__
I 1 1 i
t t
14.1111 , 1 7 4:: ,
•
1,
VOL. 3.
Kin,:s of (gravel.
PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD.
WINTER TIME TAR.LE
MEN RIMS
FIVE TRAINS DAILY TO & FROM PIIILfIDELFIIIA
ON AND AFTER
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26rn, 18 . 30,
The Passenger Trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad Corp
parry will depart from and MAIO Ikt Harrisburg • aril
Philadelphia as follows
EASTWARD.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Harrisburg a
2.40 a. in., and arrives at West Philadelphia at 8.50 sa.
EAST LINE leaves Harrisburg at 12.55 p. in., and
a1T1705 at Weal, Philadelphia at 5.00 p. m.
MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg at 5.15 p. m., and ar
rives at West Philadelphia at 10.20 p. in.
These Trains make close connection at Philadelphia
with the New York Lines.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, No.l, leaves Harrisburg
at 7.30 a. in., runs via Mount boy, and arrives at West
Philadelphia at 12.30 p, m.
HARRISBURG ACCOMMODATION leaves Harris
burg at 1.15 p. m., and arrives at West - Philadelphia at
6.40 p. as.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, No. 2, leaves Harrisburg
at 5.25 p. in., runs via Mount Joy, connecting at Diller
villa with MAIL TRAIN East for Philadelphia.
WESTWARD.
THROUGH EXPRESS TRAIN leaves Ph 11444 phia ; .
10.50 p. in., and arrives at Harrisburg at 3 . 49
MAIL TRAIN leaves Philadelphia
arrives at Harrisburg at 1.20 p. m.
LOCAL MAIL TRAIN leaves Harrisburg SW*
at 7.00 a. re,
.- "
FAST LINE leaves Philadelphia at I.2.lElnoildi, and sr
rives at Harrisburg at 4.10 p. m. .
HARRISBURG- ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves
Philadelphia at 2.00 p. ni l and arrives at Harrisburg at
7.85 p. m.
ACCOMMODATION TRAIN leaves Philadelphia
4.00 p. in., and arrives at Harrisburg at 0.45 p. 131.
Attention is "fled to the fact, that passengers leaving
Philadelphia at 4 p. m. connect at Lancaster with
MOUNT JOY ACCOMMODATION TRAIN, and arrive .
Harrisburg at 9.45 p. m.
SAMUEL D. YOUNG,
n023-dtf Supt. East. .Div. Pean'a Railroad.
N EW AIR LINE ROUTE
T 0
NEW YORK.
Shortest in Distance and Quickest in Time
BETWEEN THE TWO CITIES OF
NEW YORK AND HARRISBURG,
VIA
BEADING, ALLENTOWN AND EASTON
MOBNINti EXPRESS, West, leaves New York at II
a. m., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 p. m., only 6% house
between the two cities.
ALAIL LINE leaves New York at 12.00 1106113, and ar
rives at Harrisburg at 8.15 p. m.
MORNINia MAIL LINE, East, leaves Harrisburg
Leo a. m., arriving at Ne* York at 520
AFTERNOON EXPRESS LINE, East, leaves Harris.
burg at 1.15 p. m., arriving at New York at 9.45 p. m.
Connections are made at Harrisburg at 1,09 p With
the Passenger Trains in each direction on the Pennsylva ,
nia, Cumberland Valley and Northern Central Itaiirnada
All Trains connect at Reading with Trains for Potts.
vile and Philadelphia, and at Allentown for Mauch
Chunk, Easton, &o.
No change of Passenger Care or Baggage between New
York and Harrisburg, by the 5.00 a, m, Linc (PM Neu
York or the 1.15 p. m. from Harrisburg.
For beauty of scenery and speed, comfort and scam
megstios, this Route presents superior inducements to
the traveling public.
Fare between New York and Harrisburg, Emu Dora. Am
For Tickets and other information apply to
J.J. CLYDE, Hemel Agent,
dels Harrisburg.
PHILADELPHIA
AND
READING RAILROAI3
WINTER ARRAN G EMEN T.
ON AND AFTER DEC. 12, 1860,
TWO PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE HARRISBURG
DAIIiI, (Sundays excepted ? ) at 8.00 A. M., and 1.15 P.
IL, for Philadelphia, arrivingthere at 1.25 P .51., and 0.15
P. M.
RETURNING, LEAVE PHILADELPHIA at 8.00 A.M.
and 3.30 P .21., arriving at Harrisburg at 1 I' AL and &lb
P.M.
FARES :—To Philadelphia, No. 1 Care, $3.25 ; No. 2,
(ia same train) $2.75.
FARES:—To Reading $l.OO and 11.30.
At Reading, connect with trains for Pottsville, Miners
vile, Tamaqua, Oatawissa, &c.
FOUR TRAINS LEAVE READING FOR PHILADEL.
PHIA DAILY, at 0 A. M., 10.45 A. M., 12.30 noon and
&43P.%
LEAVE PHILADELPHIA FOR READING at 8 A.
M., 1.00 P. M., 3.30 P. M., and 5.00 P. li.
FARES !--,Reading to Philadelphia, $1,70 $1.45.
THE 31311177.NG TRAIN FROM HARRISBURG CON.
NEOTS AT READING . with up train for Wilkesbarre
rittoton and Scranton.
tor through tickets and other information apply to
J. J. CLYDE,
dels dtf General Agent.
P
HILADELPHIA
AND
BEADING RAILROAD.
REDUCTION OF PASSENGER TARES,
ON AND AFTER MONDAY, APRIL 2, 1860
COMMUTATION TICKETS,
With 20 COnpoub t will be inoned between any points
desired, good for the holder and any member of his
family, in any Passenger train, and at any time—at 2b
per cent, below the regular fares.
Parties having occasion to use the Road frequently on
business tot pleasure, will find the above arrangement
convenient and erenomical; as Four Passenger trains
run daily each way between Reading and Philadelphia,
and Two Train, es' •Ir between Reading, Pottsville and
Harrisburg, Of Eiv Mays enly one morning train Down,
and one afterrer? train Up, runs between Pottsville and
Philadelphia and no Paasenger train on the Lebanon
Valley Brawls Railroad.
For the above Tickets, or any information relating
thereto apply to B. prtAferd, Esq., Treasurer, Philadel
phis, e the respective Ticket Agents on the line, or to
0. A. NICOLLS, Osneral Bain.
March 27, 1280.—mar28-dtf
F IRST CLASS GROCERIES ! !
LARGE ARRIVAL!!.
HAYING JUST RZTURNIVII from the Radom AMA*, where
we have selected with the greatcal care a large and corn
plete assortment of superior GOODS, which embrace
everything kept in the best City Groceries, we respect.
fully and cordially invite the public to examine our
stock and hear our prices.
febls WM. DOCK, la., & CO.
T HE AMERICAN READER
A popular and very interesting Reader, designed for
the nee of
ACILDENIEs AND SCHOOLS
generally throughout our country, and now in the used
the Public Schools of the First School District of Penn
sylvania, by order, and with the unanimous vote of the
Board of School Coutrsllere of said District. It may be
had on applicatioil to the Author and Publisher, South
west corner f Lombard and 23d streets, Philadelphia,
fcr *6.50 per dozen, or 75 cents per copy.
Orders may be left et this office for any quantity or
number of them, and they will be promptly delivered to
address free of freight or porterage. febl9-d6m.
PPLE WHISKY !-PURE J ERSEY AP
rzas Astone and for gals 113 ,
JOHN U. ZIEGLER,
feb7 73 Market street.
RIED BEEF—An extra lot of DRIED
D
BEEF just received by
nog WM. DOCK, Ja., & CO.
i UELINGTON HERRING!
II Jut received by WM. DOCK, la g &CO
eel
HA.RRISRURG, PA., TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 1861.
fhi cellaucous.
TAKE NOTICE!
That we have recently added to our already full stock
OF SEGARS
LA NORMATIS,
HARI BARI,
EL MONO,
LA BANANA.
OF PERFUMERY
Fos THE HANDERSOIIIEP
TURKISH ESSENCE,
ODOR OF MUSK,
LUBIN'S ESSENCE BOUQUET.
FOR TER HAIR ;
EAU LUSTRA LE,
CRYSTALIZED POMATUM,
MYRTLE AND VIOLET POMATUM.
Fon THE COMPLETION
TALC OR VENICE,
ROSE LEAF POWDER,
NEW MOWN HAY POWDER,
DLA.NO DE BERLE&
OF SOAPS
BASIN'S FINEST
MOSS ROSE,
BENZOIN,
UPPER TEN,
VIOLET,
NEW MOWN HAY,
JOCKEY Mail
Having the largest stock and beet assortment of Toilet
Articles, we fancy that we are better able than our com
petitors to get up a complete Toilet Set at any price de
sired. Call and see.
Always on hand, a FRESH Stock of DR UGS MEDI
CINES, CHEMICALS &c , consequent of our re.
calving almost daily additions thereto.
KELLER'S DRUG AND FANCY STORE,
01 Market Street, two doors East of Fourth Street,
mepe'
South side.
JACKSON & CO.'S
,SHOE STORE,
NO. 9034 MARKET STREET,
.; - - 11ARRIS.8 Tr:no, PA.,
Where they intend to devote their entire time to the
manufacture. of
BOOTS AND SHOES
Of all kinds and varieties, in the neatest and most fash
ionable style; and at satisfactory prices.
Their stock will consist, in part, of Gentlemen's Fine
Calf and Patent Leather Boots and Shoes, latest styles;
Ladies' and Misses , Gaiters, and other Shoes in great
variety; and in fact everything connected with the
Shoe business.
CUSTOMER WORK will be particularly attended to,
and in all cases will satisfaction be warranted. Lasts
fitted up by one of the beet makers in the ccrtattry.
The long practical experience or the undersigned, and
their thorough knowledge of the bliainess will, they
trust ) be sufficient guarantee to the public that they
will do them justiCe, and , , furnish them an article the
Will recommend itself for utility, cheapness and dura
bility-. Eian9.l JACKSON & CO.
JUST RECEIVED!
A PULL ASSORTMENT OP
HUMPHREY'S HOMEOPATHIC SPECIFICS
TO WHICH WE INVITE TEE
ATTENTION OF THE AFFLICTED !
For sale at
SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
&pi) No_lB Market et,
WE OFFER TO
ICVSTOI?IERS
A New Lot of
LADIES' PURSE'S,
Of Beautiful substantially made
A Splendid Assortment of
GENTLEMEN'S WALLETS.
A New andgElegant Perfume,
KNIGHTS TEMPiLARS , 1120Q17jET,
Pat up in Cut Glass Engraved Bottles.
A Complete Assortment QfJ
;HANDKERCHIEF PERFUMES,
Of the beet Manufacture.
A very Handsome 'Variety of
POWDER PUPP BOXES.
KELLER'S DRUG STORE,
US/ • 91 Market street
REMOVAL.
JOHN W. GLOVER,
MERCHANT TAJLORI,
Sad 4804600 a 40
60 MARKET STREET,
Where he will be pleased to see all his friend .
octB-dtf
CANDLES!!!
PARAFFIN CANDLES,
SPERM CANDLES,
STEARINE CANDLES,
ADAMANTINE CANDLES,
CHEMICAL SPERM CANDLES,
STAR (SUPERIOR) CANDLES,
TALLOW CANDLES.
A large invoice of the above in store, and for sate at
unusually Low raise, by
WM. DOCK, Ts., & CO.,
janl. Opposite the Court House
GUN AND BLASTING - POWDER.
JAMES M. WHEELER,
HARRISBURG, PA.,
AGENT FOR ALL
POWDER AND FUSE
MANIVYABTYRED BY
I. E. DUPONT DE NEMOURS dc
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.
i:Er A large supply always on hand. For sale at mann. ,
racturer , s prices. Magazine two miles below town.
jOrdere reeeivad at Warehouse. null
SCOTCH WHISKY.—One Puncheon
of PURE SCOTCH WHISKY just received and for
sale by
jan2
FMPTY BOTTLES 11 !—Of all sizes
and demoriptimui, for ale low by
deal WM. DOCK, TR., it CO.
HATCH & CO.,
SHIP AGENTS
AND
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
las TrALNUT STREET, PILILADELPHLt,
imams 111
FLOUR, GRAIN, PRODUCE, COTTON,
WINES AND LIQUORS,
TOBACCO AND CIGARS.
nor6-d6m
DYOTTVILLE GLASS WORKS,
PHIL ELP MIA,
ILLNUPACTUEN
CARBOYS, DEMIJOHNS,
WINE, PORTER, MINERAL WATER, PICKLE AND
PRESERVE BOTTLES
Or EVERT DESCRIPTION.
H. B. & G. W. DENNED.S,
ocl9-dly 27 Boum Front eteret, Philadelphia.
A T COST!!!
BOTTLED WINES, BRANDIES,
AND
LIQUOIIS OFI4V.ERY SC.RIPTION!
Together with a eomplete assortment, (wholesale and
retail,) embracing everything in the line, will be sold et
coat, without reserve.
Janl. WM. DOCK, Ja., & CO.
TTAVANA. CIGARS.—A Fine Assort.
I_ll ment, comprising Figaro Zaingozona, La Balza,
Bites and qualities, in quarter ,
Bird, Fire-Ply, Etelvina, La B i eriuto, Capitolio of ail
one-filth and one-tenth
boxeu, just received, and for sale low by
JOHN H. ZIEGLER,
jandl. 78 Market Street.
V ELLER'S DRUG STORE ie the plum
to boy Dozneat4o Modieines
JOHN IL ZIEGLER ;
73 Market street
Elle Vatriot
TUESDAY MORNING, MARCH 5, 1861.
THE INAUGURAL.
Fellow Citizens of the United States :
In compliance with a custom as old as the
Government itself, I appear before you to ad
dress you briefly, and to take, in your presence,
the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the
United States to be taken by the President be
fore be enters on the execution of his office.
I do not consider it necessary at present for
me to discuss these matters of administration
about which there is no special anxiety or ex
cittmont.
Apprehension seems to exist among the peo
ple of the Southern States, that by the acces
sion of a Republican Administration, their
property and their peace and personal security
are to be endangered. There has never been
any reaSenable cause for such apprehension.
indeed, the most ample evidence to the con
trary has all the while existed and been open
to their inspection.
It is found in nearly all the published
speeches of him who now addresses you. I
do but quote from one of these speeches when
I declare that "I have no purpose, directly or
indirectly, to interfere with the institution of
slavery in the States where it exists, I believe
I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no
inclination to do so." Those who nominated
and elected me did so with the full knowledge
that I had made this and many similar decla
rations, and had never recanted them. And
more than this, they placed in the platform for
my acceptance, as a law to themselves and to
me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I
now read:
Resolved, "That the maintenance inviolate
of the rights of the States, and especially the
right of each State to order and control its own
domestic institutions according to its own
judgment exclusively, is essential to that bal
ance of power on which the perfection and en
durance of our political fabric depends. And
we denounce the lawless invasion by an armed
force of the sort of any State or territory, no
matter under what pretext, as among the gra
vest of crimes."
I now reiterate these sentiments, and in do
ing so, I only press upon the public attention
the most conclusive evidence of which the case
is susceptible—that the property, peace and
security of no section are to be in anywise en
dangered by the new incoming administration.
I add, too, that all the protection which,
consistently with the Constitution and the Laws
can be given, will be cheerfully given to all the
States, when lawfully demanded, for whatever
cause, as cheerfully to one section as to ano
ther.
There is much controversy about the deliv
ering of fugitives from service or labor. The
clause I now read is as plainly written in the
Constitution, as any other of its provisions:
No person held to service or labor in one
State under the laws thereof, escaping into
another, shall, in consequence of any law or
regulation therein, be discharged from such
service or labor, but shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service or
labor may be due."
It is scarcely questioned that this provision
was intended by those who made it for the re
claiming of what we call fugitive slaves, and
the intention of the law giver is the law.
All members of Congress swear their support
to the whole Constitution—to this provision as
much as to any other—to the proposition then
that slaves whose cases come within the terms
of this clause, and , g shall be delivered up,"
their oaths are unanimous.
Now if they would make the effort in good
temper, could they not, with nearly equal unan
imity, frame and pass a law by means of
which to keep good that unanimous oath
There is some difference of opinion whether
this clause should be enforced by National or
State authority, but surely that difference is not
a very matfrial one.
If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of
but little consequence to him or to others, by
which authority it is done. And should any
one in any case be content that his oath shall
be kept on a merely unsubstantial controversy
as t o how it shall be kept ?
Again—ln any law upon this subject ought
not all the safeguards •of liberty known in
civilized and human jurisprudence to be intro
duced, so that a freeman may not be, in any
case, surrendered as a slave?
And might it not be well, at the same time,
to provide by law for the enforcement of that
clause in the Constitution,which guarantees that
"the citizens of each State shall be entitled to
all the provisions and immunities of the citizens
in the several States ?" I take the official oath
to-day with no mental reservation and with no
purpose to construe the Constitution or laws
by any hypercritical rues. And while I do
not choose now to specify particular acts of
Congress as proper to be enforced, I do sugge-t
that it will be much safer for all, both in official
and private stations, to conform to and abide
by all these acts which stand unrepealed, than
to violate any of them, trusting to find impunity
in having them held to be unconstitutional.
It is scarcely seventy-two years since the
first inauguration of a President under our
National Constitution. During that period fif
teen different and greatly distinguished citizens
have in succession administered the executive
branch of the Government. They have con
ducted it through many perils, and generally
with great success. Yet withal this scope for
precedent, I now enter upon the same task for
the brief term of four years, under great and
peculiar difficulty. A disruption of the Fed
eral Union, heretofore only menaced, is now
formidably attempted. I hold that in contem
plation of universal law and of the Constitu
tion, the union of these States is perpetual ;
perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the
fundamental law of all national governments.
It is safe to assert that government properly
never had a provision in its organic law for its
own termination. Continue to exclude all the
express provisions of our National Constitu
tion, and the Union will endure forever, it being
impossible to destroy it except by tieme action
not provided for in the instrument itself.—
Again, if the United States be not a govern
ment proper, but an association of States in the
nature of contract merely, can it as a contract
be peaceably unmade by less than all the par
ties who made ? One party to a contract may
violate it, break it, so to speak, but does it not
require all to lawfully rescind it ?
Peseending from these general principles, we
find the proposition, that in legal conteraplation
the Union is perpetually confirmed by the his
tory of the Union itself. The Union is much
older than the Constitution. It was formed, in
fact, by the Articles of Association, in 1774.
It was matured and continued by the Declara
tion of ludependenee, in 1776. It was further
matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen
States expressly plighted and engaged that it
should be perpetual by the articles of confede
ration, in 1778.
And finally, in 1787, one of the declared ihensco o t h i ;
jade for ordaining and establishingtution was to form a more perfect Union, but
if destruction of the Union by one or by apart
only of the Stalest be lawfully possible, the
Union is less than before, the Constitution
having lost the vital element of perpetuity. It
follows from these views that no Stale upon its
own mere motion can lawfully get out of the
Union; that resolves and ordinances to that
effect are legally void, and that acts of violence
within any State or States against the authority
of the United States are insurrectionary or
revolutionary according to circumstances.
I therefore consider that in view of the Con
stitution and laws the Union is unbroken, and
to the extent of my ability, shall take care, as
the Constitution itself expressly enjoins on me,
that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed
in all the States. Doing this I deem to be only
a simple duty on my part, and I shall perform it
so far as practicable, unless my rightful masters,
the American people, shall withhold the requi
site means or in some authoritative mannerdireet
the contrary. I trust this will not be regarded
as a menace, but only as a declared purpose of
Union 1 that it will constitutionally defend and
maintain itself in doing this. There need be no
bloodshed or violence, and there shall be none
unless it be forced upon the National authority.
The power confided to me will be used to
hold, occupy and possess the property and
places belonging to the Government, and to
collect duties and imposts, but beyond what
may be necessary for these objects there will
be no invasion, no using of force against or
among people anywhere. Where hostility to
the United States in any individual State shall be
so great and so universal as to prevent compe
tent resident citizens from holding federal of
fices, there will be no attempt to force obnox,
ions strangers among the people for that ob
ject. While the strict legal right may exist in
the Government to enforce the exercise of
these offices, the attempt to do so would be so
irritating and so nearly impracticable withal,
that I deem it better to forego for a time the
uses of such offices. The mails, unless re
pelled, will continue to be furnished in all
parts of the Union, so far as possible. The
people everywhere shall have that sense of
perfect security which is most favorable to
calm thoughts and reflection. The course here
indicated will be followed, unless current
events and experience shall show a modification
or change to be proper, and, in every case and
exigency, my best discretion will be exercised
according to circumstances actually existing,
and with a view BEN a, hope of a peaceful solu
tion of the National troubles, and the restora
tion of fraternal sympathies and affections.
That there are persons in one section or an
other who seek to destroy the Union at all
events, and are glad of any pretext to do it, I
will neither affirm or deny ; but if there be such,
I need address no word to those, however, who
really love the Union. May I not speak before
entering upon so grave a matter as the destruc
tion of our National fabric, all its benefits, its
memories, and hopes? Would it not be wise
to ascertain precisely what is due? Will you
hazard so desperate a step while there is any
possibility that any portion of the ills you fly
from have no real existence? Will you, while
the certain ills you fly to are greater than all
the real ones you fly from, risk the commission
of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be con
tent in the Union, if all eenstitutional rights
can be maintained. •Is it true then, that any
right plainly written in the Constitution has
been denied ? I think not. Happily the hu
man mind is so constituted that no party can
reach to the audacity of doing this. Think, if
you can, of a single instance in which a plainly
written provision of the Constitution has Mr
been denied.
If by the mere force of numbers a majority
should deprive a minority of any clearly written
Constitutional right, it might, in a moral point
of view, justify a revolution; it certainly would
if such a right were a vital one. But such is
not our ease_ All the vital rights of minorities
and of individuals are so plainly assured to
them, by affirmations and negations, guarantees
and prohibitions in the Constitution, that con
troversies never arise concerning them; but
no organic law can be framed with a prevision
specifically applicable to every question which
may occur in practical administration. No
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of
reasonable length, contain express provisions
for all possible questions. Shall fugitives from
labor be surrendered by national or State au
thority? The Constitution does not expressly
say. May Congress prohibit slavery in the
Territories? The Constitution does not ex
pressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in
the 'Territories ? The Constitution does not
expressly say. From questions of this class
spring all our Constitutional controversies, and
we divide upon them into majorities and mi
norities. If the minority will not acquiesce
the majority must, or the Government must
cease.
There is no other alternative for continuing
the government but acquiescence on the one
side or the other. If a Minority in such case
will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a
precedent which in turn will divide or ruin
them; for a minority of their own will secede
from them whenever a majority refuses to be
controlled by such a minority. For instance,
why may not any portion of anew confederacy
a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again,
precisely as portions of the present Union now
claim to secede from it? All who cherish dis
union sentiments are now being educated to
the exact temper of doing this. - Is there such
perfect identity of interests among the States
to compose a new Union as to produce har
mony only, and prevent renewed secession ?
Plainly the central idea of secession is the es
sence of anarchy. A majority, held in restraint
by constitutional checks and limitations, and
always changing easily with the deliberate
changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is
the only true sovereign of a free people. Who
ever rejects it, does of necessity fly to anarchy
or to despotism. Unanimiti is impossible. The
rule of a minority as a warrant arrangement
is wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the
majority principle,
anarchy and despotism in
some form is all that is left.
I do not forget the p os ition assumed by some,
that constitutional questions are to be decided
by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such
decisions must be binding in any case upon
the parties to a suit as to the object of that
suit, while they are also entitled to very high
respect and consideration in all parallel cases
by all other departments of the government;
and while it is obviously possible that such
decision way be erroneous in any given case,
still the evil effect following it, being limited
to that particular case, with the chance that it
may be overruled and never become a precedent
for others, and better be borne than could the
evils of a different practice.
At the Sallie time? the candid citizen must
confess that if the polity of the government
upon vital questions affecting the whole peo
ple is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the
Supreme Court, the instant they are made in
ordinary litigation between parties in personal
actions, the people will have ceased to be their
own rulers, haying to that eatot practically
resigned their government into the hands of
that eminent tribunal. Nor is there in this
view any assault upon the court or the judges.
It is a duty from - which they may not shrink to
decide cases properly brought before them, and
it is no fault of theirs if others ank to turn
rIIBLISHED EVERY MOWN%
SUNDAYS EXCEPTED,
BY 0. BARRETT & CO
TNII DAIRY PATRIOT AND llama will be gerredeto RR
II Arlberg residing in the Borough for six ONNTB rah was=
payable to the Carrier. Mail subscribers, Nona DOL
LARK PRE ANNUM.
Vas WEemir will be publiahed RI heretofore, Sena
weekly during the eeesion of the Legislature, and once •
week the remainder of the year, for two dollars in ad
vance, or three dollars at the expirationof the year.
Connected with this establishment is- an , ertensive
JOB oFFICE, containing & variety of plain 11.114 Way
type, unequalled by any establishment in the interior of
the State, for which the patronage of the public is so •
netted.
NO. 156.
their decisions to political purposes. One sec
tion of Mir country believes slavery is right,
and ought to be extended; while the other be
lieves it is wrong, and ought not to be extended.
This is the only suostantial dispute. The fugi
tive slave clause of the Constitution and the
law for the suppression of the foreign slave
trade are each as well enforced perhaps as any
law ever can be in a community where the moral
sense of the people imperfectly supports the
law itself. The great body of the people abide
by the dry legal obligation , in , both cases, and
a few break over in each. This I think cannot
le perfectly cured, and it would be worse in
both cases after the separation of the sections
than before.
The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly sup
pressed, 'would be ultimately revived without
restriction- in one section, while fugitive slaves,
now only partially surrendered, would not be
surrendered at all by the' other, Physically
speaking, we cannot separate, we cannot remove
our respective sections from each other, nor
build an impassable wall between them. A
husband and' wife may be divorced and go out
of the presence' and' beyond the reach of each
other, but the different parts of our country
cannot do- this ;- they cannot but remain fade to
face, and an intercourse, either amicable or
hostile, must continue between them. Is it
possible then to make that intercourse more
advantageous or more satisfactory after sepa
rating than before ? Can aliens make treaties
easier than friends can make lowa 7 Can trea
ties be more faithfully enforced between aline
than laws among friends Suppose you go to
war, you cannot fight always, and when, after
much loss on both sides and no gain on either,
you cease fighting, the identical terms are agan
upon you.
This country, with He institutions, belongs
to the people who inhabit it. Whenevei they
shall grow weary of the existing Government
they can exercise their constitutional right of
amending it or their revolutionary right to
dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be igno
rant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic
citizens are desirous of having the National
Constitution amended. While I make no re
commendations of amendments, I fully recog
nize the rightful authority of the people over
the whole subject, to be exercised in either of
the modes prescribed in the instrument itself,
end I should,. under existing circumstances,
favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity be
ing afforded the people to act upon it.
I will venture to add that, to me, the Con
vention mode seems preferable, inasmuch as
it allows the amendment to originate with the
people themselves, instead of permitting them
to take or reject a proposition originated by
others not especially chosen for the purpose,
and which might not be precisely each WO they
would wish to either accept or refuse.
I understand a proposed amendment to the
Constitution, which amendment, however, I
have not seen, has passed Congress, to the ef
fect that the Federal Government shall never
interfere with the domestic institutions of the
States, including that of persons held to ser
vice. To avoid a misconstruction of what I
have said, I depart from my purpose not to
speak of particular amendments, so far as to
say that, holding such a provision to be now
implied as constitutional law, I have no objec
tion to its being made express and irrevocable.
The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority
from the people, and they have conferred none .
upon him to make terms for the separation of
the States. The people themselves can-do this
also if they choose, but the Executive, as such,
has net,bing to do with it. His duty is to ad
minister the present government as it came to
his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by
him to his successor. Why should there not be
a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of
the people ? Is there any better or equal hope
in the world ?
In our present differences is either party
without faith of being in right, if the Almighty
Ruler of nations, with His eternal truth and
justice, be on your side of the North, or on
your side of the South ? That truth and that
justice will surely prevail by the judgment of
this great tribunal, the American people, by
the form of the Government under which we
live. This same people have wisely given
their servants but little power fur mischief,
and have with equal wisdom provided for the
return of that little to their own hands at very
short itervals. a While the people retain their
virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any
extreme of wickedness or folly, can very seri
ously injure the government in the short space
of four years. Myeountrymen, one and all,
think calmly and well upon this whole subject;
nothing valuable can be lost by taking time.
If there be an object to hurry any of you in
hot haste to a step whieh you would never take
deliberately, that object will be frustrated by
taking time, but no good object can be frustra
ted by it. Such of you as are dissatisfied, kill
have the old Constitution, unimpaired, and
on the sensitive point the laws of your own
framing under it; while the new Administration.
will have no immediate power, if it would, to
change either. If it were admitted that yon
who are dissatisfied hold the right Side in the
dispute, there still is no single good reason for
precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism,
christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who
has never yet forsaken this favored land, are
still competent to adjust, in the best way, all
our present difficulties.
in your hands, my dissatisfied countrymen,
and not in mine, is the momentous issue if
civil war. The Government will not assail
you ; you can have no conflict without being
yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath
registered in heaven to destroy the Govern
ment, while I shall have the most solemn one
to preserve, protect and defend it. lam loath
to close. We are not enemies but friends.—
We must not be enemies. Though passion
may have strained it must not break our bendfil
of affection. The mystic chords of memory,
stretching from every battle field and patriotic
grave to every loving heart and hearthstone
all over this broad land, will yet aWell the cho
rus of the Union, when again touched, as surely
as they will be the better angels of our nature..
KILLING A
fl itN BECAUSE HE WOULD NOT
CONFESS A .—George H. Mickelbury was
instantly killed at Spring Garden, Jefferson
county, Illinois, on the 18th ult., by Charles
David. It seems that the sum of $l4l hadbeen
stolen from A. Hawkins St Ce., in Spring Gar
den, and that George H. Mickelbury and
Charles David were there at the time. Either
Mickelbury or the public suspected David of
the theft. Not being willing to rest under the
charge, David after going home to Mount
Vernon, went back to Spring Garden , and re
quired Mickelbury to acknowledge the theft,
or he won't] kill him, and instantly fired on
him, the ball Wising effect in his heart, and
causing immediate death. Great excitement
prevailed, and lynch law was threatened, but
he was committed to jail to await his trial.
MAN WITH TWO WIVES.-Wm. T.
on Cum
Fmings
was arrested in Richmond, Vs., riday,
!ban the law
charged with having more wives?
allows. lie is charged with marrymg;ermhine
Donnella, having before married Sarah E.
Ilo!swarth, in Washington? D. 0 . Both wives
ccnfronted him after his mot. Bo Dispi tho
Richmond Dispatch,