OF ADVERTISING.
El
E
Your tines or lees constitute half a square. Ten lines
niOre than four, constitute a square.
iiingq_,oneday- so.tta One sq., one day.--..... 50.6•.•
.• one wags.. 1.00 one 1.26
Otte month.. • 2,00 16 One 8.00-
, three months. 3.00 cg three months. 6_oo
onemonths- . 4.00 " eix m onths.... 8.0 0
year- -.. 6.00 cs one year...-. 10.00
1.7 Dllehriess notices inserted in the Loosi. coLumn, Or
tam, utatriagall and &lathe! WE clitiTo rsaLmi for each
insertion To morckantsand others sdrtrtisingby theyeer
4bers I tet 323 will be offered.
The numberofinsertions must be aesignatedon the
w or t cement_
1 . 1.7 r Illarriagee Mid Deaths will be inserted at the acme
es as 'ma* .10ortisemopte-
Booko, Otationena, &t.
Q.C.EIOOL BOOKS.—School Directors
ij Teachers, Parents, Scholars, and others, in, want of
Qehool Books, School Stationery, &c., wiu and a Complete
sssortoocut at B. M. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STORE,
na nd dguara, tlanisburg, ollnprising in part the follow
ng—
SSADMES.—McGuffeyta, Parker's, Cobb's, Angell's
SPELLING BOOKS.—McGulfey's, Cobb's, Webster's,
Town'e, Byerly's. Combry's.
QBAHH&S.S.—Bullion's,Bmith's, Wood
m idge's, Monteith.s, TathilPS, liarthi, _
ells'.
KlSTORlRS.—Grinishaw's, Davenport's,Froet's, Wil
son's, Willard's, Goodrich's, Pinnoek ' s, Loldsmith's and
•
sierra-
ASeIMISTIO'S.--Greenleafts, Stoddard's, Emerson's,
Ron% Oolburteri, 'Smith and linkeln, Deviate.
ALGEBRAS.—Greenleaf's, Davie's, Dare, Ray's,
Brlige t n-
DECTIONARTS.—WaIk School, Walker,
Tforcestef's Comprehensiveer's
Worcester's Cobb PrilTh 's, lry, Web
ster's Primary , Webster ' s High School, Webster's Quarto,
academie.
NATURAL PHILOSOPIIIEB.—Cometeek's, Parker's,
Sitift'st. The above with a great variety of others can at
any time be found at my store. Also, a complete assort
ment of School Stationery, embracing in the win le a com
plete outfit for aches' purposes_ Any book net ill the store.
procured at one days notice.
Country Merchants supplied at wholesale rates.
ALMANACS.—John Baer and Son's Almanac for sale al
2. M. POLLOCK BOOK STORM; Harrisburg l
l er Viols/ids and Retail. my
JUST RECEIVED
AT
SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
ADAMANTINE SLATES
OF VARIOUS SIZES AND MOBS,
Which, for beauty and use, cermet ba excelled.
REMEMBER THE PLACE,
SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
NO. is MARKET STREET. mart _
N B W BOOKS!
JUST RECEIVED
"SEAL AND SAY,"" by the author of "Wide, Wide
World," " Dollars end Cents," &c.'
TIISTORY ALETEIODISM," by Stevens, LL.D.
For sale at EICELBFFEBV BOOIIBTORB,
sp9 No. 18 Marko st.
jIIST RECEIVED,
A LARL AND SkLENDID ASSORTMENT OW
RICHLY GILT AND ORNAMENTAL
WINDOW CURTAINS,
PAPER BLINDS,
Of various Designs and Worth for e Waa l
TISSUE PAPER AND CUT PLY PAPER,
At riny24] SOREFFER'S BOOKSTORE.
WALL PAYER ! WALL PAPER 1 1
Just received, our Spring Stock of WALL PAPER,
BORDERS, FIRE SCREENS, &c., &G. It is the largrt
and best selected assortment inthe city, ranging in price
from six (ft) !dente up to one dollar and &quarter ($1.25.)
As we 1)u - relied& very low for cash, we are prepared to
101 l at as low rates, if not lower, than can be NIA else
where. if purchasers will call and examine, we feel
confident that we can please them in respect to price
and qua li ty. B. M POLLOOH & BON,
ap3 Below Tones. House, Market, Square.
LETTER, CAP, NOTE PAPERS,
Pens, Holders, Pencils, Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of
the best quality, at low prices, direct from the manu
fatories, at -
mar3o SOHlrrrieulntrlnAP 1300KiVrtm s
LAW BOOKS ! LAW BOOKS I I-A
general assortment of LAW BOOKS, all the State
Reports and Standard Elementary Word with many of
the old English Reports, scarce and rare, together With
a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at very
low prices, at the one price
E. Bookstore of
M. POLLOCK & SON,
Market Square, Uarrieberg.
myS
Itlistettaneou.o.
AN ARRIVAL OF
NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
SILK LINEN P.A.PER
FANS! FANS!! FANS!!!
ANOTHER AND SPLENDID LOT OF
SPLICED FIOHING RODS!
Trout Flies, Gut and Hair Snoods, Grass Lines, Silk
and Hair Plaited Lines, and a general assortment of
FISHING TACKLE!
A GREAT PARIEEP OP
WA1K.1.N.0 . 0AN.4 1 : 3 !
Which we will sell as cheap as the cheapest!
Silver Head toae Sword Hickory Fancy
nes! Cane d s d 1
Canes! Canes! Canes !
KBLLF.R,BsDRII6 AND FASNO II STOKE,
10. 91. NASCENT =saga.,
South Side, one door east of Fourth street je9.
D J. 11.6.1t1L15,
WORKER IN TIN,
• SHEET IRON, AND
:METALLIC ROOFING, ,
&mond Street, below Chestnut,
HARRISBURG - , Pd.
Is prepared to ell orders (
hand, he will make toor any article in his borderh ranc
on
of
business and not elf
short notice.
METALLIC Ro PING, of Tin or Halvanised Iron,
constantly on hand.
Also, Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware, Spouting, Etc.
He hopes, by strict attention to the wants of his custo
mers, to merit and receive a generous share of public pat-
renege.
Irr &toy promise strictly fulfilled.
B_J. HAMM,
Second Street, below Chestnut.
jan7-dly]
F i S II ! !
ALaCKEREL, (N 05.1 .5 2 and 3.)
SALMON, (very superior.) .
SHAD, (Mess and very fin HERRING, (extra large.)
COD FISH.
• SMOKED HERRIN% (extra Digby.)
SCOTCH HERRING.
SARDINES AND ANCHOVIES.
Of the above we have Mackerel in whole, half, quarter
and eighth bbla. Herring in whole and half Ibis.
The entire lot IIeIiF—DIRSCT Mal THE FISHERIES, and
will sell them at the lowest market rateg.
sepl4 WM. DOCK, la., & CO.
CHAMPAGNE WINESI
DUO DE MONTEBELLO,
HEIDSIECK & CO.,
CHARLES HEIDSIECK,
GIESLER & CO
ANCHOR—SILLERY moussEtrx,
SPARKLING MUSCATEL,
AMISH & CO
VERZENAY,
CABINET.
In store and for sale by
JOHN H. ZIEGLER,
73 Market street
tle2o
TROKORY WOOD ! ! — A SUPERIOR LOT
11 just received, and for sale in quantities to suit pur
- chasers, by TAKES M. WHEELER.
Also, OAK AIID PINE constantly on hand at the
lowest prices.
VANCIL — Y BIBLES, from 1$ to $lO,
, a t r ar* and baxaßoc9.ely bound, printed on gcied paper,
w ith elegant near new type sold at
. me wl 8011. M. "MIMS Cheap . Book =t
CRhSBERKES I-A. SPLENDID LOT
leve received by
octlo
P TABLER a superior and cheap TABLE or
SALAD OIL go to
KELL WS DRUG STORE.
T 1 ru i Gr
owr Handbook—by
WARlNG—wholssaliandre tail
at
mehal • . 8011111 , 1? 111 Boolurtore.
SPERM CANDLES , " —A l ar g e Bu PP I Y
ee i p l ta Tecei"a by wm. Thrit— :. Via., & Co-
ELLER'S DRUG STOREIti theplums
tiamek•umeaailortment of Porte
I S Hill
WM. DOCK., 7x., & CO
i '''"---- ------- t --- -:
IP, -.7--f::. -1--- 7 := 1 i[{ 1 I 1ff"...-777± ---'--
•
11
• ,„ - - s t - -,- 4...1.11a : ' I ':.:44.1.'-':ll..f.f'2'-''''''-'
--..-.-
,
-- : , . "7 ;•: . 1 .7,i t .
: 1_
.. l i t; . . I !I . ll r,
II '
' .
.i .'.
... .
. I • , -, . - .. - -
. . ..
VOL. 3
(foal.
TO THE PUBLIC!
JOHN TILL'S
COAL YARD,
SOUTH SECOND STEAM',
BELOW PRATT'S ROLLING MILL,
HARRISBURG, PA.,
Where ho has constantly on hand
LIKENS VALLEY BROKEN, EGG, STOVE AND
NUT GOAL
ALSQ,
WILKESBAERE STEAMBOAT, BBOXEN, STOVE
AND NIIT COAL,
ALL OF THE BEST QUALITY.
It will be delivered to consumers dean, and full
weight warranted
[Er CONSUMERS GIVE ME A CALL FOR YOUR
WINTER SUPPLY.
(Er Orders left at my house, in Walnut street, near
Fifth; or at Brubaker's, North street; J. L. Speel'ii,
Market Spare; Win. Bostick's, corner of Second and
South streets, and John Lingleist, Second and Mulberry
streets, will receive prompt attention.
jyl3-d6m JOHN TILL.
COAL! 0,0 AL!!
ONLY YARD IN TOWN THAT DELIVERS
COAL .BY THE
P A TENT W EIGH CARTS!
NOW IS TEE TIME
For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the
winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh ,
Carts. The accuracy of these Carts no one disputes, and
they never get out of order, as is frequently the case of
the Platform Sealer besides, the consumer has the
satisfaction of proving the weight of his Coal at his
own house
I have a large supply of Coal on hand s of
O. M. CO.'S LYBENS VALLEY GOAD all sizes.
LYZENS VALLEY
WILKESBARRE
BITUMINOUS BROAD POP do
All Coal of the best quality mined, and delivered free
from all impurities, at the lowest rates, by the boat or
ear load, single, half or third of tons, and by the bushel.
JAMES M. WHBELES.
Harrisburg, September 24a860.--geP25
UP TOWN!
PATENT WEIGH CARTS.
For the convenience of my numerous uptown custom
ers, I have established, in connection with my old yard,
a Branch Coal Yard opposite North street, in a line with
the Pennsylvania canal, having the office formerly 0.9911-
pied by Mr. R. Harris, where consumers of Coal in that
vicinity and Yerbeketown can receive their. Coal by the
PATENT WEIGH CARTS
WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE FOR HA U LING,
Awl hi any quantity they. may desire, as low as can be
purchased anywhere.
FIVE THOUSAND TONS COAL ON HAND,
Of LYKENS VALLEY and WILKESBARRE, all sizes.
1 1 1 7 } Willing to maintain fair prices, but unwilling
to be undersold by any parties.
-IrrAii Coal forked up and delivered clean and free
from all impurities, and the best article mined.
Orders received at either Yard will be promptly filled,
nd all Coal delivered by the Patent Weigh Carts.
Coal sold by Boat, Car load, single, half or third of
*imp, tha
JAMES M. WHEELER.
Harrisburg, October 15, 1880.—oct15
YKENS VALLEY NUT COAL-.L
For SIHO AT TWO DOLLARS Mt TON.
Ali Coca dodivered by PATENT WEIGH CARTS
JAMES M. WHEELER
Coabielivered from both yards. nolT
,~~teDical:
HIELMSOLD , S
H ELMIESOLDfS HE LMBOLIPS
HEL MBOL IPS HEL !WITOLD: S
HELMISOLIPS HELM BOLIPS
HELM BoLD'S HEL MBOLIZPS
HELMBOLIPS HELMBOLD'S
HELMISOLIPS H EL MBOL
Extract Bachn, Extract.l3achn,
Extract Bache, Extract Bache,
Extract Duch% Extract buchn,
Extract Dacha, Extract Realm,
Extract Mucha, Extract Dacha,
Extract Einem, Extract Dacha,
Eitiact Riche., Extract 'Bache '
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE .DISORDERS.
POE SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS,
kOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE. DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET A ND. DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS
A Positive and Opeoltia..Remedy.
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
A Positive. and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and Spf.cific Remedy.
A Posi ive and, Specific Remedy.
' A Positive and Specific Remedy.
YOB DISEASES UP THE
BLADDER, GRAVEL : '.KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER; GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, .GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY'
BLADDER, GRAVEL, -K
ENKNE KS IDNEYS, DROPSY,
OROANIO. W , .
ORQA.NLO WE i.KNI;BB,
ORGANIC WEAKNESS,
ORGANIC WEAKNESS,
ORGANIC WEAKNESS,
ORGANIC WEAKNESS,
And all Diseases of Sexual Organs,
And all Dist:ases of Sexual Organs,
And all Diseases of Sexual Organs . ,
And all Diseases of Sexual Organs,
And all Diseases of Sexual Organs,
.And all Diseases of
P S
R exual Organs,
ARISING OM
Exceeses, Exposures, and Innortpleneles in Life.
Excesses, Exposures, and Imprndeneies in Life.
Excesses, Exposure', and Imprudencies in Life.
Excesses, Exposures, and Imprndencies in Life.
Excesses, Exposures, and Imprudencies in Life.
Excesses, Exposures, and Impruaenoies in Life.
From whatever cat se originating .And Whether existing in
MALE OR ilikeLN
Females, take no more Pills ! They are of no avail Tot
Complaints incident to the sex. -__Use
EXTRACT
Helmbold's Extract Buchn in a Medicine which is per
featly pleasant in its
TASTE AND ODOR, •
Bat immediate in its action, giving Health and Vigor to
the Frame, Bloom to the Pallid Cheek, and restoring the
patient to a perfect state of
HBALTII AND -AMITY.
t
Helmbold s .x rac t • Bache. is prapared according to
pharmacy and Chemistry, and is prescribed and used by
THE MOST .EMINENT PHYSICIANS.
:Delay no
THE,
Procure the remedy at once.
Price $l. per mottle, or Mx for 55.
D,pot 1.04 South Tenth street, Philadelphia.
•
BEWARE OP UNPRINCIPLED DEALERS
Trying to palm off their own or ,other articles of DUCRU
on the reputation attained by
HELAIROLD'S EXTRACT BUCHU,
The Oilginal and only Genuine: •
We desire to ran on the
MERIT OR OUR .ARTICLE
Their's% w‘rtbletel is mold at much letS rata and COM'
111111d0115, consequently paying a much better profit.
WE DEPT COMPETITION
Aak for
HELMBOLD'S EXTRACT BUCHII.
TAU no othsr.
TWA by4OHN WEBER, Druggist, corner of Market and
Second streets, Harrisburg
AND ALL DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE.
nol4 dtawdm.
EiTRA - CTS! EXTRACTS!
WQODSWOBTH & BIINNEWEI
SUPERIOR FLAVORING EXTRACTS,
RITTER ALMOND,.
NECTARINE,
P/NN APPLN
sTßAwiniuty,
ROSE,
LEMON /ID
VANILLA,
3sud r ie2sa ceived and fo i r mol , b irmi v
410. 1
"
Ellt ',Patriot tt- Rion.
THE SUNBURY AND ERIE RAILROAD,
AND THI STATE LEGISLATURE.
In order to illustrate the technical advan
tages of low gradients, and the superiority of
the Sunbury and Erie road in this respect over
other roads, the chief engineer, Mr. Ferries,
published in the report just referred to, some
interesting results of his calculations of the
practical working capacity of a thiry ton loco
motive on the grades of the Pennsylvania Cen
tral, and the•Sunbury and Erie roads, of which
We shall here only re-produce the final-conclu
sions arrived at:
" It will thus be seen that the equated dis- .
tance from. Harrisburg to Pittsburg, by the re
spective routes, stand as 810 miles is to 549.5
miles, and from Pittsburg to Harrisburg, as
597 miles is to 440 miles; therefore, at the
rate of ten miles per hour on the Pennsylvania
Central road. , it will, require eighty-one hours
for an engine to convey the same amount-of
tonnage from Harrisburg to Pittsburg that the
same engine would convey by the Susquehanna,
Sunbury and Erie and Allegheny route, in fifty
five hours ; and, from Pittsburg to. Harrisburg,
on the Central Pennsylvania road, it will re
quire nearly sixty hours to convey the same
amount of tonnage that the same engine would
convey by Allegheny. Valley, Sunbury and
Erie and Susquehanna route, in forty-four
hours. The wear. and tear on the respective
roads will also be in the same ratio as the time
required to do the same amount of business ;
or, as the number of miles passed over by a
single engine with its train. Therefore, if it,
takes one third more motive power from Har
risburg to Pittsburg to do the same amount of
business on the Central Pennsylvania road than
it will by the Sunbury and Erie route, and one
fourth more power from Pittsburg to Harris
burg, it is evident that the cost of the mainte
nance of way will be in the same proportion.
The capacity of the road, and the economy of
transportation over it, in this case, depend
more upon the low-gradients than any advan.
tage to be obtained by an endeavor to shorten
'distance by adopting higher gradients."
The following summary comparison of the
ascending and descending grades of the New
York lake routes with those of the Sunbury
and Erie illustrates the superiority of the latter
most strikingly :
The ascending and descending grades from
Buffalo and Albany to New York are in total
in 11,200 feet; New York to Erie, 12,675 feet;
Sunk ury to. Erie, 8,560 feet.
The following table may also prove of in
tercet in this connection
do " "
do. • Li
Distances, Elevations and
Points on the Line of the S
r 4 E g q . 4 E 2.1 A
• . N. O4
NAMES OF PLACES. F a N.
.E. F'
• '
Sunbury 42
• , -:-. •
Milton 451 3 i ... 2.. . . .... : 1
16.61.2
i 3
Mnnoy Station .
.. .....116.01 2.33
"c 47 “ 1 "- - r - -- 4. - - - , kniiii .39 16.0 233
Jersey Shore I . . io:u i. - in
~... .....
Lock Haven .....„ I 552126 65 116 0 1 1.70
De Orano .... 7163934 104% 16 01 4.16
Ist Fork of Sinnewahoning- . . ..16.0 ,
2d cc cc - iii 15 % -
1201: 1" .6
.
Shippen or Einperiiiin ... 1011 18% 18836117 0 12..0
Foot of Maximum Grade.... 1330 12% 151%: 32 . 0 25.00
Miller's West Creek Summit 1682 6% 158 52.8 52.15
St. Mary's.... 1628 1% 159% 36.0 31.00
Foot of Maximum Grade.... 1518 2,1 i 162 52.8147.80
Ridgway .... .. 1387 gx 1.70% 26.0.15.90
Johnsonburg 1429 8 178% 16.01 5.25
Wilcox or Buena Vista 1501 6 184 J 32.0;12.00
Foot of Maximum Grade.... 1525 3X 185 32.0132.00
Clarion Summit 2006 sm 193% 58.0,56.60
Two-Mile Run Summit 1914 4 197% 52,6 1 23,00
Foot of Maximum Grade.... 1456 8 205%82.8,52.80
Sheffie!d .. .... 1324 4X 210%142.4.33.00
Dutchman's Summit .... 1393 7 217% 20.0110.00
Warren 1189 5% 223 52.8,35 60
Irwin a• 1162 6 229 16.0 i 4.50
Ybungsville 12031 3.232 , 16.0113.00
Pittsfield . ... 12361 3 235 16.0 11 00
Spring Creek ..... -... 1381 10 5 16.0 14.50
Columbus Station ....... ..... 1388 5 250 16.0 1.40
Logan's Summit , • 142$ 2 252 32.0 20 00
Union Mi 115....- ....... .... •..11 * to 22.0 16.60
French Creek 1195 3 266 32.0 16.60
Waterford • ....... 1190 434 270 . 4 10.0 0.10
Le Bceuff Summit 1220 6 276% 32.0 50.00
Minor's Summit 1124 334 280 .... 27.60
Belle Valley 985 2 . 282 1... 69.50
Erie City . -...:-." 973 7 289 .... 63.40
Surface of water in Lake Erie 965 .. • . ••• • -• • •
Unless all signs deceive, unless history and
science failed to demonstrate the causes of the
rise and progress of commerce, a railroad so
superior as the Sunbury and • Erie to every
other rival connection With the lakes, must se
cure to Philadelphia her legitimate share of
the lake-trade, restoring her to her former pre
eminence in foreign commerce. Nearly two
generationuago the decline of Philadelphia's
foreign commerce, and the growth of that of
New York were evident, and the reason of the
change going on was fully recognized by a few
eminent men, but Pennsylvania politicians
heeded not their warning voices. A Philadel
phia gentleman, William J. Duane, published,
as early as 1811, an excellent treatise on rail
roads and canals, especially urging upon the
people of Pennsylvania the vital importance of
a canal connecting the ports of Philadelphia
and Erie, and predicting the inevitable conse
quences of the short sighted policy pursued in
this respect by Pennsylvania legislators, who,
he complains, " speak and vote as if they repre
sented no more than their own families, or at
farthest, particular counties," while the laws
they made resembled " the petty acts of a bo
rough corporation, bearing no marks of an en
lightened regard for the interests of a great
Commonwealth." * *
" That State," he remarks, " which shall first
complete communications between the lakes
and the Atlantic, will give an important im
pulse to its own internal resources, and will
enrich itself by the passage of an immense and
growing import and export trade."
New York acted according to this advice,
while Pennsylvania remained behind, first in
the construction of turnpikei, then of canals,
and later, of railroads also ;, and this is the
whole secret of the downfall of our foreign
commerce.
Let it not be said that Philadelphia has less
capacity for trade than New York. This as
sertion, which originated with the new. York
press, As flatly contradicted by the rapid and
steady. Irowth of our coastwise "trade, showing
conclusively that Philadelphia is really a most
excellent distributing point.
It is a most absurd notion, and a very mis
chievous one, that the supremacy of the city
of New York in foreign commerce is owing to
naturaliadvantages, beyond the 'Control of human
energy and arts ; that it is owing to her situ
ation with reference to the ocean, and greater
proximity to the ports of Northern Europe.—
Boston enjoys superior advantages, in .these
respects ; why has not ahe become the Queen
of Commerce ?, The answer is, that New York
being situated farther south and more central,
forms a better ,distributing p,oint. Philadel
phia, as a _distributing point, is superior, how
ever, to New York even, As to the difference,
in distance between New York, Philadelphia
,and ,lirerpool,,D, ameunt4r, rsdused to time, to
no more than from . lB to 24 hours for. wailing
vessels, -steam, being emillOYVI on. ; the river,
HARRISBURG, PA . .; FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1861.
FRIDAY MORNING, FEB. 8, 1861
[Concluded.]
Grades of the Principal
nbary and Erie Railroad.
and from 12 to 15 hours for ocean steamers,
which upon voyages of four weeks or two re
spectively, is of little or no account at all.—
Liverpool has attracted nearly the entire A meri- •
can trade._ with Great Britain, yet the ports of
Plymouth, Bristol, Southampton, are nearer by
a hundred miles and more to New York. The
reason of the commercial eminency of Liver
pool, like that of New York, is, therefore, nei
ther proximity nor situation with reference to
the ocean, but rather situation with reference
to the mainland. Manufactures form the sta
ple of British exports, and Liverpool, backed
and surrounded in a semicircle by the great
manufacturing districts of Manchester,l3irming
barn, Leeds, &e., is the nearest and best port
to ship manufactures, and hence her commer
cial eminency.
Products of the soil form the export staple
of the United States. New York is now, by
art or railroad, the nearest Atlantic port to the
lakes, whence comes the bulk of our exports,
and hence her commercial supremacy on this
side of the Atlantic. But by the Sunbury and
Erie road, Philadelphia will be nearer the
lakes than her powerful rival. All she has to
do, to compete successfully, is to complete that
connection with the lakes, and in the same
measure as she will attract the produce of the
northwest at cheaper rates of freight, anti in
less time than New York, must her foreign
commerce, and by reaction, her internal com
merce, expand.
It is not exactly by Atlantic steam-lines that
we ought to begin reviving our languishing,
drooping commerce. • This is a Secondary con
sideration. We must first get cargoes before
we require ships and steamers. The first con
sideration is a good railroad to the lakes. It
is all very well to send
the
of Phila
delphia merchants to the West to cultivate
friendly feelings, and renew old business rela
tions, but the course of trade was never yet
diverted by this sort of genial and easy enter
prise. It takes stronger efforts. New York
knows this well, and has pursued a different,
more effective policy. She constructed canals
and railroads, thus attracting the produce of
the West, which attracted in turn European
vessels, securing to New York merchants the
distribution and profits of their cargoes. She
enjoys now the prestige of offering goods at
first hand, and making the most of it.. She
pushes her business to the very heart of Penn
sylvania, to the very gates of our commercial
metropolis,, to, the great detriment of our own
trade.
While we are still deliberating on the subject
of our trunk-roads, which form but the basis
of a complete railroad system,
New York has
constructed numerous branch roads into our
territory. She has opened direct communica
tions by the New Jersey. Central to Easton,
by the Lehigh Valley through Bethlehem to
Allentown, and thence by the Pennsylvania
Eastern .to Reading; thereby, and by the fact
of her direct importation of foreign goods, se
curing the largest portion of the trade of those
places.
If we would, then, repair the errors of the
dead generation, and the living; if we are
really in earnest, and wish to restore Phila
delphia commerce to its pristine glory; if we
would make our beautiful metropolis the great
est commercial, as well as industrial centre, in
the Union, for which proud position she is by
nature endowed with all the essential requi
sites. we must, devote our energies and re
sources to tbe eomplette.L..,f a: amyl.
Erie railway.
To the statesman and legislator this enter
prise presents itself in another view, of equal,
if not greater consequence. Nearly one•third
of the area of our State is still a wilderness,
though teeming with countless treasures in
Uncultivated but most fertile soil, minerals and
timber, &c., awaiting the hands only to raise
them. The astonishing growth of the State
and city of New York, within the last thirty
yore, in population, commerce and wealth,
can be clearly traced to the public improve
ments she erected with so much energy and
speed. In the period from 1810 to 1820 she
was exceedingly active in constructing turn
pikes, and it was in that period that she gained
the first march upon Pennsylvania, which had
been less active.
New York then engaged with superior energy
in the construction of canale, and, at a later
period, of railroads, linking her port with the
lakes, ,and the effect of her enterprise was
enormous.
The. Erie canal, extending from Albany to
Buffalo, in the State of New York, was opened
in the year 1825. There was not then a town
of importance, in that State, west of Albany ;
and Albany, chartered in 1686, and in direct
communication with. the .city of New York, by
means of a navigable river, had grown so slowly
that in 1820, at the ripe age of one hundred
and thirty years, it contained but 12,600 inha
bitants. The population of Buffalo, which was
originally laid out by the Holland company in
1801, was 2,500. Within five years after the
opening of the canal, the population of Albany
was doubled, that of Buffalo trebled, and Utica
and Rochester became cities, each containing
9,000 inhabitants. The New York central rail
road, afterwards constructed, and following
the line of the canal, added its influence in the
developement of the co natry which it spans,
and now Albany with a population estimated
at 70,000, Utica at 28,000, Auburn at 15,000,
Syracuse at 35,000, Rochester at 50,000, Lock
port at 20,000, and
and
at 80,000, besides
a number of towns and villages, rising from the
path of those improvements, attest the wisdom
of a Clinton, and pay tribute to the State of
New York. The city of Troy, only six miles
distant from Albany, contained in 1820 about
5,000 inhabitants. The Erie and Champlain
canal, and the railroads that connect her with
the North and West, have since become the
sources of a prosperity now shared by her pop
ulation of near 50,000 souli. Besides all that,
those channels of communication with the
Lakes to which the New York and Erie railroad
was added! in 1851, have given to the city of
New York her present supremacy in the internal
and foreign commerce of the country. The
year before the Erie canal was opened the val
uation of real and personal property in the city
of New York was $83,075,676. At present, it
is $550,078,778, an increase of over $467,000,-
000 ! Such are some of the magnificent results
of the railways and canals which connect the
city of New York with the great Lakes; cities
springing up like magic, and wealth flowing
like a river into the streets of that commercial
emporium.
Like results from the same causes are found
in the history of other States. In 1825, Cleve
land had but five hundred inhabitants, Detroit
fifteen hundred and Chicago was a trading post
in the midst of Indian wigwams. The opening
of male and railroads through the States to
which those villages belonged, swept into their
harbors the products of the interior country.
They are now splendid cities. Cleveland has
near 50,000, Detroit 40,000 and Chicago more
than 100,000 inhabitants. Then there is the
immense and constantly expanding foreign
trade of the port of New York,' the superiority
of which over the foreign trade of Philadelphia
is directlY traceable to the same causes. The
.liberal enterprise of the form& State under en
couraging legislation, and the 'apathy and
backwardness of the latter have produced , the
enormous" differences exhibited in the following
statistioli • • • '
Foreign Trade of New York- in 1858-0
Foreign imports
Domestic exports— .-.
Foreign goods re-exported
Total imports and dmportq 270,800,000
Foreign Trade of Philadelphia in 1858-69.
Foreign imports
Domestic exports
Foreign goods re-exported--
Total impoits and exports...
Number. Tonnage.
Vessels which cleared from New York.. 2,837 1,460,998
Vessels which entered the port of N. Y. 3,330 1,694,219
To , al 6 107 4455,211
Vessels which cleared from Philadelphia.... 369 119,878
Vessels whicn entered the port of Philadel
phia 474 158,671
Total 843 1 276,549
Can Pennsylvanians and Pennsylvania legis
lators contemplate these marvellous results of
the energy and productive legislation of a
neighboring State, without a feeling of shame
and mortification ? How long shall it be said
that Pennsylvania, blessed as she is with so
many natural advantages, a genial climate,
and a vigorous population, is too old and decre
pit to• create new settlements, boroughs and
cities ?
We shall enumerate only some of the princi
pal Ponaylvania interests that will be promoted
by the completion of the Sunbury arid Erie rail
road, enriching the people and rendering this
road one of the most useful and most remuner
ative in the land.
- . .
There arc annually produced in Pennsylva
nia some 8,000,000 tons of coal, and 600,000
tons of iron. The States surrounding the lakes,
including Canada, are ill provided with these
materials, of which the consumption already
large will increase immeasurably at reduced
rates of freight. These articles, and timber,
another important staple product of this State,
are now furnished to the West through New
York merchants over the roads of that State,
at a loss to us of the most considerable porti..n
of the profits,
The road passes through large tracts of val
uable timber lands, the produce of 'which will
of course come immediately into play. Mr.
Dalton, the engineer of the McKean and Elk
land improvement company, describing that
part of the country as a continuous forest
bearing an apparently inexhaustible supply of
timber, remarks in his reports, published in
1858
" Trees are found in great variety ; hemlock,
beach, maple, poplar, oak, pine, cherry, cucum
ber and others, and frequently of amazing size,
which bespeaks both a primitive forest and a
fertile soil. While these species generally
occur promiscuously in all parts of the land,
some of them, indeed the most valuable ones,
are found in groves, with a perceptible seclu
sion of the others. This is the ease with the
pine, cherry and hemlock. The region between
the upper branches of the north fork of West
creek and Corresponding branches of the East
Clarion, may be properly designated as a pine
country." His observations appear to have ex
tended no further than the lands of the com
pany, on which, near the line of the road, he
found three cherry groves, covering, each, up
wards of a thousand acres. One of these, be
tween the Tionesta and West Clarion, he had
an opportunity of traversing, during a geologi
cal excursion. He says "it led me for more
than a mile in length through groves of cherry
trees which appeared to rival each other in
.sixe,,eounoness and beauty." He also refers to
the mineratilatele,t4 this lregion, concealed
in the deep shades of the Torest-=-___ •-- •
The three great items, of coal, iron and tim
ber will secure to the Sunbury and Erie road
an immense amount of ready freight, immedi
ately upon its completion, with the bright
prospect of a large increase, consequent upon
the opening of new coal and iron fields and new
agricultural regions.
Intersected by the line, in the northwestern
portion of the State, lies the great Bennett's
Branch coal basin, Of which Professer Rogers
remarks, in his Fifth Annual Report, that it
contains five distinct veins of coal, varying
from eighteen inches to five feet in thickness.
He remarks; "At Caledonia, on Bennett's
Branch, the basin becomes productive, the
stratification embracing coal, iron ore, and
limestone. One mile frOm Caledonia, a five
feet bed of coal was discovered ; and we after
wards ascertained that it had been uncovered
on other streams. This seam, consisting of
sound coal, without any slate, measures in one
place five feet two inches in thickness. We dis
covered a fine natural bed of hard ore, before
unknown, about a mile and a half above Cale
donia, on the edge of Bennett's Branch. The
facilities for mining the iron ore, coal and lime
stone in this neighborhood are certainly con
siderable; and these minerals lie, all of them,
convenient to au ample water power, which
Might be derived either from Bennett's Branch
or Laurel run ; affording a fall of fifty feet, and
water enough for extensive iron works."
Since Professor Rogers' examination (in
1841,) numerous other openings of coal, iron
ore, and limestone have been made extending
westwardly in the direction of Ridgway, on
Trout run, at Roselay Summit, and at St.
Mary's. Caledonia lies six miles southwest of
the mouth of Trout run, directly on the route
of the line to connect with the Allegheny Val
ley railroad. This coal basin, Professor Ro
gers describes as running in a southwestern
direction into the general basin of the western
counties. Speaking of the Allegheny series,
he says: "We come now to the first workable
coal seam of the Allegheny series, and one of
the most important and widely extended, be
neath the Pittsburg or Monongahela groups.
This bed affords a remarkably rich, compact,
and inflamable coal. This coal seam has been
traced through the, eastern part of Armstrong
county. It is opened more extensively in Al
legheny, Wayne, and Red Bank townships,
than elsewhere." If, then, amongst the nu
merous coal deposits along the line of the Sun
bury and Erie railroad, none prove to be as
valuable for gas purposes as the most approved
Pittsburg coal; that coal is found to extend
northwardly along the line of the APegheny
Valley railroad, some eighty miles VI the di
rection of the Sunbury and Erie road.
But among the immediately productive sour
ces of income to the people of the State and
the company, we must not overlook the numer
ous and rich oil-wells lately opened with such
marvellous success, every one of which is said
to furnish more and a better article of oil than
a New England whaler will bring home after a
two years' expensive and perilous cruise.—
These wells, as the newspapers inform us, from
time to time, are multiplying rapidly; while the
product they yield finds a ready and remuner
ative market. The nearest railway passing
this promising region is the Sunbury.and Erie.
We need not mention that, in its eastern and
western portions, the line runs through an un
interrupted chain of rich farms and industrial
establishments, furnaces, forges, collieries,
saw and flour mills, quarries, and ore-mines,
extending far into the land, While numerous
branch reads, ,partly finiehed, part* under
construction, will pour the products of the
more distant• portions of our own State, and of
adjoining States, through. the Sunbury and
Erie, into the lap of Philadelphia.
The connections already completed with the
Sunbury and Erie railroad are as follows :
1. The Northern "Central, connecting at
forming,. - as above stated, !a direct
BY O. BARRETT & CO
TRH DAILY' PATRIOT AND thrum will be served to la b
scribers residing in the Borough tor SIX ORNTSPRR WINK
payable to the Carrier. Mail rabecribere, POUR DOL
GARB PZIL ANNUM.
11 WBBELT Will be publialied SE herfnOtOr.o9 ROW'
weekly ,during the menden of the Legislature, and once
week the remainder of the year, f or two dollars in 'ad
vance, or three dollars at the expirationof the year:
Connected with this establishment is an extensive
JQ (WFWE, containing a variety of plain and fang
type, unequalled by any establishment in the interior of
the State, for which the patronage of the public lift
liaited.
NO. 135.
communication with Baltimore, and also with
Philadelphia, by two routes, one by the Penn
sylvania Central, the other by the Lebanon
Valley and Reading roads.
2. The Philadelphia and Sunbury,' connect.
ing at Sunbury, and penetrating the heart of
the anthracite coal deposits of the middle or
central basin, recently extended through.the
Minehill road to the Reading railroad,
$170,000.000
...... 83.500.000
17,800,000
$12,590.0[0
5,613.000
374;000
18,877,000
. _
3. Bloomsburg and Lackaivanna, connecting
at Northumberland and extending to the valley
of Wyoming.
4. The thitawissa, connecting at Milton, 12
miles above Sunbury, forming a direct line
to the city of New York, and a third anddirect
route to Philadelphia, by the Little Schuylkill
and Reading roads.
5. The Williamsport and Elmira, connecting
at Williamsport, 40 miles above SunbUry,
forming a direct line to Buffalo and Niagara
Falls, and crossing the New York and Erie at
Elmira, and the New York Central at Canan.
daigua, distributing points on the lines of
those two roads.
G. The Lake Shora road, connecting at Erie,
communicating with all the principal cities of
the great Northwestern lakes.
Besides the connections already formed, oth
ers will be made as follows :
7. The Tyrone and Lock Haven, 58 miles is
length, to connect at Lock Haven, 26 miles
west of Williamsport, passing through the rich
mineral deposits of Centre county, and con
necting with the Pen nsylvania road at Tyrone.
This road will be completed during the present
year
8. Three coal roads, finished and stocked, to
connect at Farrantlaville and Lock Haven.—
These roads extend to the bituminous coal beds
of the Tangascootack.
9. The Allegheny Valley road, to connect at
or cast of Ridgway, communicating directly
with Pittsburg and the valley of the Ohio, and
forming a new and favorable route front Pitts
burg to Philadelphia.
10. The Venango road, to connect at or Vest
of Ridgway, forming with its connections an
air line through the richest parts of Ohio, In
diana and Illinois, to Council Bluffs, on the
Missouri.
Se% eral other roads have been projected and
chartered, to connect at different points on the
line, some of which are already in progress of
construction.
It is impossible to estimate the value of the
immense trade which these various connections
must pour upon the Sunbury and Erie road,
the great trunk line from the harbor of Erie
to the Valley of the Susquehanna.
To fully appreciate the significance of the
Sunbury and Erie road, we have yet to con
sider the effects it will have upon landed pro
perty, its value, and upon the revenues of the
State. To exhibit the deliberately formed
views on this subject of the more intelligent of
Pennsylvania legislators, we extract the fol
lowing interesting passages from the Official
report of the Comrilittee of Ways and 'Means
of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives,
recommending the enactment of the bill for
the sale of the canals. Speaking of the wild
but cultivable region in the Northwestern por
tion of our State, and the effect which will be
produced upon it by the completion of the Sun
bury and ,Erie road, the report says;
" Such a result would be hailed by the - peo-
_ •
ple of Pennsylvania. as the commencement of a
new and glorious era in the prosperity of their
State. The undeveloped nefeeeted ..woailk--
ofraore than fourteen , thousand square mt.itz of out
lu" ,- " - --trits in the silence almost of an
Arabian desert, Et - hrgerway-to the marketa of the
world. Petween the Pennsylvania railroad
and the New York line, taking Ridgway as a
centre, there is an area at least equal to 120
miles square, within which not one mile of
railroad has been laid, and a very large propor
tion of this immense region is underlaid_ with
bituminous coal and iron ore, its surface is
covered with vast forests of valuable timber,
and the soil, when cleared, susceptible of a high
degree of cultivation.
" Here then is presented an area of 9,216,000
acres, comprising about one-third of the entire
State and abounding in wealth beyond com
putation, to be improved and developed by the
Sunbury and Erie railroad and its trjbutaries.
"By the last report of the Revenue Commis
sioners, the assessed value of all the real-estate
in the Commonwealth, taxable for State"purpo
ses is $488,275,000.
"About $30,000,000 of that amount is
charged to the 9,216,000 acres above mentioned.
of which the averaged assessed value about
three dollars and thirty-three one-hundredths
per acre.
" The section of country in the State of New
York through which the New York and Erie
railroad passes, may be referred to as an, illus
tration of the effect of such, improvements on
the value of adjacent lands. Before the road
was constructed, the price of wild lande in the
Southern part of that State did not exceed three
dollars per acre. On its completion, and al
most immediately after the first train of cars
had passed over it, the minimum price at which
the same lands were sold, for a wide range on
either side of the road, was ten dollars per
acre ; and they continue to increase in value
as the country fills up with new settlers. In
various parts of our own State the prices of
mineral and timber lands have been increased,
through similar agencies, in a much greater
ratio.
_
a * * ar 4 * . *
" It may be fairly assumed that within a few
years after this road shall have been finished
to the harbor of Erie, the same mineral lands
which now average in the State assessment but
three dollars and thirty-three hundredths per
acre, will average at least ten times that sum.
Allowing one-third only of the 9,216,000 acres
above mentioned to consist of mineral lands,
the result will be that 3,072,000 acres will be
worth, on an average, thirty-three dollars per
acre, or ...... —4111,376,000
The remaining 6,144,000, increa
sing in no greater ratio than the
New York lands, will be worth
ten dollars per acre, or
Deduct the present assessed value,
as above stated 30,000,000
And the net gain in the assessed
value will be 142,820,000
Which, at the present rate of taxa
tion for State purposes, would
give an increased annual reve
nue to the Commonwealth 0f... 857,000
" This is by no means an improbable or ex
travagant estimate. It covers en extent of
country larger than the State of 11Iassachu
setts, and of infinitely greater intrinsic value,
but which at present is so sparsely populated
that it is entitled to three Representatives only
in the National Congress, while lilastachusetts
has a representation of eleven members in that
body. As soon as the contemplated improve
ment brings it into communication . with the
trade of the Lakes and the Atlantic coast, its
extraordinary resonroes, mineral and agricul
tural, will attract an -enterprising and indus
trious, population, , and mills, furnaces, manu
factories and thriving towns and ~villages will
be, scattered over its whole extertt.".
Every consideration of interet3t, ioatriotism
and State pride urges upon the mite of Penn-
PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING,
SUNDAYS BICOZPTED,
61,440,000
$172,820,000