LUTES Ole ADVlilitTlBo43
roar linea.or less constitute half a square. Ten HMO
pr more than four, constitute a square.
goicii .iniedar —— du.26 bass sq., one day..—...— $0.6(
ii one grew. ..- 1.00
di one muth— . 2.00 " one month... 8.00
ii sures i nontbs. 5.00 43 three months. 6.00
Biz months— . 4.00 is six months.— kw
ii one year-- 6.00 Is one year.— 10.00
try- easiness notices inserted in the LOOAL 0012 p Or
... for , oa r - taloa and iterates, nes CENTS Plitt LUNE f ormidi
'' moo to inereliantsand others advertising by the year
rhos
a will tie oilers&
ne number , insertions must bedesignstedon the
irrtimment.
liarriages and Deaths will be inserted at the UM
eras reguiar sivertienmente.
. .
fpuoks, ibtationerp, tic.
sCiIUOL BOOKS.--School Directors,
wanton, Parents, Scholars, and others in want of
&hoot Soots, School Stationery, fito., will finds complete
osortioent at S. td. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STORE,
quare, Harrisburg, comprising in part the follow-
g mnitts_—fdot+uffey's, Parker's, Cobb's, Angel's
600[0.—Magidfers, Colts, Webster's,
lowa's, Byerly's. Combry's.
JNOLISI3 GRAMMAitS.—ltullion's, Smith's, Wood
b r idge's, Honteith,s, Tnthill's, Hart's, Wells'.
HISTORIAN --Grimshaw's, Davenport's, Frost's,
HoodriehN, Pinuocies, ith's and
Clark's-
ARLkiIatICTIC'S.--GreenleaPs, Stceldard's, 'Mert s. on'',
pikes Rose's, Colburn's, Smith ;and Date's, D Da
Ray's,
vie'
ALhEßßAS.—Greenleaf'S, ars,
liridge'S.
DICTIONAILYS.— Walker's Schoel, Cobb, Walks;
Worcester's 00.oprehensive, Worcester's Primary, Web
ster's Primary, Webster's High School, Webster's Quarto,
Atadenno.
NATURAL eatLOSOPHlSS.—Conustoers, Parker's,
gelft's The shove with a great variety of others can at
any 1110. e be found at my store. &leo, a complete assort•
meat of School Stationery, embracing in the win le a com
plete °stet for school purposes. Any book not in the store.
premed O. one days notice.
Er Country Merchants supplied at wholesale rates.
ALMANACS Baer and Son's Almanac for sale ai
B. POLLOCK & Sows BoOli 5T01.21, Harrisburg.
gp• Wholesale and Retail. myl
UST RECEIVED
AT
sCHEFFEIVB BOOKSTORE,
ADANANTINE SLJTEAS
01 VARIOUS dIZAB AND PEW"
Which, for beauty and use, .7. !Allot be excelled.
REMEMBER THE PlikoE,
SCHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
NO. NI KARIN STREET. mar 2
N E W BOOK S 1
JUST RECEIVED
"SEAL AND SLY,) , by the author of U Wide, Wide
World" "Dollars and Oeuts, s, &c.
"HISTORY OF DESTElODlSM,"bylliterens, LL.D.
For sate at SOHIMERS , BOOKSTORE,
sPO No.lB Marko st.
JUST RECEIVED,
• LARGE AND SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF
RICHLY GILT AND ORNAMENTAL
WINDOW CURTAINS,
PAPER BLINDS,
Of various Designs and Colors, for 8 cents,
TISSUE PAPER AND CUT FLY PAPER,
At Day24l SCHREYER'S BOOKSTORE.
WALL PAPERI WALL PAPER 11
]rust received, our Spring Stock of WALL PAPER,
BORDERS, ow SCREENS, As., As. It is the largest
and best selected assortment in the city, rasgiogiti price
from six (8) cents up to one dollar and a quarter 01.254
As we purchase very low for cash, we are prepared to
tell at as low rates, if not lower, than can be had else
where. if purchasers will call and examine, we feel
aceifidout that we can please them in respect to price
and quality. B. M PQLLOCH k. SON,
apt Below Jones , House, Market Square.
TETT E It, CAP, NOTE — 1" SF - ERZ ,
.1.1 Pens, Holders, Pencils, Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of
the beat quality, at low prices, direct from the manu
factories, at
wner3o SCILEPPERT CHEAP BOOKSTORE
LAW BOOKS ! LAW BOOKS ! I-A
general &assortment of LAW BOORS, all the State
Reports and Standard Elementary Werke, with many of
Ihe old Roglish Reports, scarce and rare, together with
a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at very
bw prices, at the one price Bookstall of
B M. POLLOCK & BON,
Market Square, Harrisburg.
co.
CM
Itlisallancoug.
AN &ItItIVAL OF
NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
SILK LINEN PAPAS
PANS! PANS!! PANBIII
ANOTHER AHD SPLENDID LOT OP
SPLICED FISHING RODS!
Trout Flies, Gut and Hair Snoods, Grass Lines, Silk
and Hair Plead. Lines, and a general sesorttneat of
FISHING TACKLE!
A GROAT VARIETY OP
WALKING CANES!
Which we will lOU se cheap as the cheapest!
Silver Head Loaded Sword Hickory Fanoy
Canes! Canes! Canes! Canes! Canes!
BBLLSIL'S Dlll3O AND FANCY STORE,
io- 91 MARKET STREET,
South side, one door east of Fourth street jog.
D D J. HARRIS,
.
WORION , IN TIN,
SHEET IltON, AND
METALLIC ROOFING,
Second Street, be/ow
HA Okessmat,
RRISBURG, PA.
Is prepare& to on orders for any article in his branch of
business i and if not en hand, he will make to order oo
when notice.
Lif STAL LIC H.OO PING-, of Tin or Galvanised iron,
aonstantly on hand.
,abs,, Tin and Sheet-Iron Ware, Spouting, it o .
Ha hopes, by Mkt attention to the (canto of his Math*
Isere, to merit and renews a generous share of public pat.
W4Ol
PO.
117 . 'Crary promise strictly fulfilled.
B. J. lIARRLB,
Second direct, below Mastoid.
jant.dly 1
B at!
MACKEREL, (Nos. 1, 2 sod 3.)
SALMON, (very superior ,
SHAD, (Mega and very duo. H )
ERRING. (extra large
COD FISH.
SMOKED HERRING. (extra Digby.)
SCOTCH HEBB/NG
BARDINI(S AND ANCHOVIES.
Of the above we have Mackerel in whole. half. quarter
•nd eighth bbla. Herring in whole and half bblit.
The entire tot new—othßOT I , HON THE FISHERIES, and
Will eell thorn at the fewest market rates.
dupleWM_ DOOll 6 Tits dc CO_
CHAMPAGNE W1N.061
RUC BR MONTEBELLO,
UEIRSI ECK & CO_,
ussu - LES Ristsex,
&MOM & CO
ANcamt—siLLEtsv MOTTSSEUX,
SPARKLING MUSCATEL,
MUMM & Co 'B,
VERZENAV,
CABINET,
In stars and for axle by
JOHN H. ZIEGLER,
73 Market street
de2A
10 KO HT WOOD I 1--A SUPERIOR LOT
11 jaat received, and for sale in quantities to suit pnr
dieser& by JklltEtil M. WHEELER
Also, OAR AND PINE constantly on hand at the
lowest prices. (ice°
FMILY irun tu
arena and handeoinelybound, printed on 40od paper,
With elegant clear new Myea t esold at
son MP If le Wet Ilhaftp Ronk t-bre
CRANBERRIES II I—A SPLENDID LOT
Wiest received by -
eon WM. DOOR. JR., & 00.
FOB a superior and cheap TABLE or
SALAD On 841.° .
SELLER'S DWG STORE.
TUE Fruit Grower? Handbook—by
WAZIIIII--wbolualp android] at
legal AM110 , 1 1 1111. 1 11 Plookstore.
RPERM CANDLES.--A' large supply
#,..; "it received by
maple WK. DOCK. 75.. k CO.
V ELLER'S DRUG STORE is the place
q AM the best ueertment of Porte Kwardes.
VOL. 3.
TO THE PUBLIC!
weight warranted
Er CONSUMERS GIVE ME A CALL SCR YOUR
WINTER SUPPLY.
1:17' Orders left at my house, in Walnut street, near
Fifth; or at Brubaker'e, North street; J. L. 81;41'0,
Market Square; Wm. Bostick's, corner of Second and
South streets, and John Lingle's, Second and Mulberry
streets, will receive prompt attention.
j713-dern
COAL! 0:0ALII
COAL BY TUB
P A TENT WEIGH CARTS!
For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the
winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh
Carts. The accuracy of these Carts no one disputes, and
they never get out of order, as is frequently the ease of
the Platform Scales; besides, the consumer has the
satisfaction of proving the weight of his Coal at his
own house.
All Coal of the best quality mined, and ciSivered free
from all impuritiee, at the lowest rates, by the Net Of
car load, single, half or third of tone, and by the bushel.
JAMBS M. WHEELER.
Harrisburg, September 24, 1880.—sep25 -
F I. s Hl,ll
ill 4 11 P
. .
• .7 Le. ~, .:.,'',
.11N 1 ' ,al i4V, ----------- 1 -= -
1:1
_ 4
oval.
JOHN TILL'S
Y A R D,
COAL
SOITTH SECOND STREET,
BELOW' PRATT'S ROLLING MILL,
TIARRISBURO, PA.,
Where he has constantly on hand
LYKENS VALLEY BROKEN, BOG, STOVE AND
NIIT COAL.
ALSO,
WILKESBAREE STEAMBOAT, BROKEN, STOVE
AND NUT COAL,
ALL OF THE BEST QUALITY.
It will be delivered to consumers clean, and full
ONLY YARD IN TOWN. THAT DELIVERS
NO W IS TEE TIME
I have a brge supply of Coal on hand, oon. - tit!og of
S. M. CO.'S LYSENS VALLEY COAL all sizes.
LYKENS VALLEY
WILKESBARRE
BITUMINOUS BROAD TOP do.,
TOW N !
U
PATENT WEIGH CARTS.
For the convenience of my numerous up town custom
ers, I have established, in connection with my old yard,
a Branch Coal Yard opposite North street, in a line with
the Pennsylvania canal, having the office fortherly occu
pied by Mr B. Harris, where consumers of Coal in 'that
vicinity and Vertwketown:cein receive their Coal by the
PATENT WEIGH CARTE
WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE FOR HAULING,
And in any quantity they may desire, as low as can be
purchased anywhere.
FITE THOUSAND TOM! COAL ON HAND,
Of LYAENB VALLEY and WILKESBARRE, all sizes.
V.. Willing to maintain fair prices, but unwiiiing
to be undersold by any parties.
ting-Stliniffikaliktarillftfreingoillnilkiad free ,
Ordersreceived at either Yard will be promptly filled,
ad all Coal deliv.red by tUe Patent Weigh Carts.
Coal sold by Boat, Car load, single, half or third of
tons, and by the bushel.
JAMES M. WHEELER.
Harrisburg, October 13, 1860.—ect15
- ry - KR.Ns VALLEY NUT COAL
xi Per Sale AT TWO DOLLARS PER TON.
lEr AU Coal doUverad by PAT'EN
ME T WEIGH CARTE
JAS M. WHEEL SR
Coaldelivered from both yards.
glcbtad.
HELMBOLD'S ELMBOLLPS
EILM.BOL ID'SHELMBOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S lIELMBOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S HELM MILD'S
HELMBOLD'S HELMBOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S HELM HOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S ELMBO.LDNI
Etteast Mahn., Extract finch%
Extratt Bitchn, Extract Bnehtt,
Extract Buctin, Extract awl%
Extract Ductal, Extract Bach%
Extract Bach% Extract Socha,
Extract Elwin, Extract Burian,
Extract Buchtt, Extract Em e be,
FOR SECRJiT AND DEL IC aTE RDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
PO.. SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS
FOB SECRET ANn DELICATE DisnEi•Nss
FOR SECRET AND Do.L.P . ArE DISORDERS
FOR SECRET A I .D DELICATE DISORDE RS
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and specific litmedy.
A Positive and Bpeotio Wmedr
A Positive and Specific 6emsdy.
A Positive and Bis , citic Remedy.
A Poative and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
FOR DISEASES tiF THE
BLADDER, GRAVEL, RID •ISYS, Dimpsy,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVRL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIIO , %EYR, DROPSY,
BLADDER., GRAVEL, SLDNJ YS, D'OP'Y,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRdrEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
°ROANE , ' Wks An NEM,
ORGANIC! WE RN .A 3,
Oltqn NIC W EATEN KISS
ORGANIC WEANNESS;
OnttnlF W nat.1 , 13,
ORGANIC W c.A.ENESS.
And ail Diseases of .1,62 uat Organe,
And ell Des:uses - 6f Sexual ••rgass,
And ail Di ears of Seirsted corganS,
And all Disarms of Sexual 0 .gans,
And all Diseases of Sonwil (legates,
And all Diseases of Sexual (legates,
ARISING PROM
Excesses, Exposures, .ni linerniencies in Life.
/semen, Exposures, sat Imosuileinnee in Life.
Excesses, Exposure , one IMprlldrnipen in Life.
Bxcoeaee, EX.ro-nrea, and illinindenek.ll in Life.
Exc.sses : Exponents, and Imprivieocies in Life.
Excesses, Exposure*, end linprn.eneses in Life.
Prom, Whatever wile originetys,..ndlshellier faxisting in
MALE i FE IALIC
BereaPa, take no wore PIN! They are or no avail For
Complaints incident to the eex. use
FXCRAOT
piehotoilyis Extract Bricha is a Medicine which is per
featly plessant in its
TASTE AND ODOR,
Bat immediate in its action. giving Health and Vigor to
th. Prune, Bloom to the Pallid Cheek, and restoring the
patient to a perfect state of
ILFALTII AND PURITY.
lielmbold's Extract &tabu is prapAred 'Warding to
pharmacy and Chemistry, and is pry wribad and used by
THE MOST EMINENT PHY•IICIANS.
Delay no longer. Procure the remedy at once
Price p.r i,ottle, or nix for Di.
D,fot DA South Tenth street Philadelphia.
BEWARE OF lINPBINOIPLIED DEALERS
Trying to palm off thrir own or other articlesof stroacr
OD the reputa'ion attained by
RELMisehbost EXTRACT suouu,
The OLiginal and only Gennir k e.
We desire lo run on the
MERIT orriUß ARTICLE!
Their's% w.rthilpa. —ia avid at. much lees rates and mut
a mach hkttrr profit.
minions, aonaequeotty
Wit DM CO wIPKTITION
Ask for
MELMBOLD'iII EXTRACT RUCHE.
Take no other.
bold by OUN WTETH, Druggist, corner of Market and
Second strebti, Harrisburg,
AND ALL DRUGGISTS DIPDVEIRSR.
nol4 dneu3m. •
E XTRACTS! EXTRACTS!!
WOODSWORTH & BIINNEWS
SVPERIOR FLAVORING RITRACTS
BITTEN ALMOND,
NECTARINE
PINE AiPLE
ISTRAWbERBY,
SOBS
LEMON' AND
VANILLA,
Jest received sad for ode by
id* WM. DOOM. Jig.; 4k, 00.
CITY LIVERY STABLES,
BLACKBERRY ALLEY,
IN THE REAR OF HERR'S HOTEL
The undersigned has re-commen.ed the LIVERY
BU , INEsS in his NEW AND SPACIOUS STABLES,
located as above, with a large and varied stock of
HORSES, CARRIAGES AND OMNIBUSES,
Which he will hire at moderate rates.
octl3-dly F. R. SWARTZ.
FRANK A. MURRAY
BLOUSED? SO Wm. Parkhill,
LIVERY & EXCHANGE STABLE
THIRD STREET Enow MARKET.
• --
'‘.l4oll Kl' -)
- • ;. • "
Wit
-
HAVING purchased the interest of J. Q. Adams n the
establishment, and made large additions to the stock, the
Indensigned is prepared to accommodate the public with
4UPERIOR HORSES for Saddle or Carriage purposes, and
with every variety of VEHICLES of the latest and most
*proved styles, on reasonable terms.
PLEASURE PARTIES will be accommodated with Om
aibusses at short notice.
Carriages and Otaniboases, for funeral occasions, will be
•Urniehed, accompanied by careful and ebli4ing drivers.
He invites an inspection of his stock, satisfied that it is
ally equal to that of any other establishment of the kind
, n town. FRANK A. MURRAY
BRANCH STABLE
The undersigned has opened a branch of his "Livery and
exchange Stable" in the buildings lately occupied by A.
W. Barr, in Fourth street, opposite the Bethel, where he
a prepa red to accommodate the public with Horses and
Vehicles, at all times, on reasonable terms. Hie stook le
large and varied, and will recommend itself.
aulf3-dtf FRANK A. MURRAY.
JOHN TILL.
FOR RENT--FRom. THE FIRST DAY OF
Aran. anxr—A. Olmmodious Two-Btery DWELLING
HOUSE, (in Beeoud street, below Pine) with wide Hall;
large Back Build ng, Marble Mantels in Parlors, Gas in
six rooms, all the rooms just papered and painted: The
second story divided into seven rooms. one of which is
a Bath. This, in connection with the fact that the house
has just been placed in the most thorough repair, makes
it one of the most desirable houses in the city. Enquire
of E. M. POLLOCK,
Market Square, Harrisburg.
Also, several SMALL HOUSES for rent. de I 541t1
do " "
do.
FF( RSA. L .Light Spring One.
Horse WAGON. Apply at Pattersdn's Store, Broad
street, West Harrisburg. • - oe3l-dtf
NOTICE TO SPECULATORS I
VALUABLE BUILDING LOTS FOR SALE!
A number of large size BUILDING LOTS, adjoining
the Round House and Work Shops of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company, will be sold low. and 'op reasonable
terms. Apply to att.2o4iBm . 10HN W. HALL.
TAKE N.U'TICEI
That we have recently added to our already full stock
OF SEGARS
LA NORMATIS;
UAM RAM,
EL MONO,
OF PERFUMERY
Fos THE HANDKERCHIEF :
TURKISH ESSENCE
ODOR OiMUSK,
LUBIN'S ESSENCE BOUQUET,
Foa THE HAIR:
EAU LUSTRA LE,
CRYSTALIZED POMATUM,
bIYETLE AND VIOLET POMATUM,
VOA THE COMPLEXION :
TALC OF VENICE,
ROSE LEAF POWDER,
NEW MOWN HAY POWDER,
BLANC DE PERLES.
OP SOAPS
BASIN'S FINEST
MOSS ROSE,
BENZOIN,
UPPER TEN,
VIOLET,
NEW MOWN HAY,
JOCKEY CLUB.
Having the largest stock and best assortment of Toilet
Articles, we fancy that we are better able than our com
petitors to get up a complete Toilet Set at any price de
sired. Call and see.
Always on hand a FRESH Stock of DR CGS, MEDI
CINES, CHEMICALS, &c , consequent of our re
ceiving almost daily additions thereto.
KELLER'S DRUG AND FANCY STORE, "
91 Market Street, two doors East of Fourth Street,
sepS South side. -
JUST RECEIVED!
A NULL ASSORTMENT OF
HUMPHREY'S HOMEOPATHIC SPECIFICS
TO WENN WE INVITE THE
ATTENTION OF THE AFFLICTED!
For ma at
SOBIEFFEWS BOOKSTORE,
ape No. 18 Market et
WE OFFER TO
CUSTOMERS
A New Lot of
LADIES' PURSES,
Of Beautiful Styles, substantially made
A Splendid Assortment of
GENTLEMEN'S WALLETS.
A New andffilegant Perfume,
KNIGHTS TEMP LARS' BOW:Mrs
Put up in Cut Glass Engraved Bottles.
A Complete Assortment of
HANDKERCHIEF PERFUMES,
Of the beat Manufacture
A very Handsome Variety of
POWDER PUFF BOXES.
KELLER'S DRUG STORE,
:US/ 91 Matiet street
11A.RRISRURG, Pit, FRIDAY, FEBRU JO( I. 1861
tiuern Otables.
for Sale &coo nem.
Jlliscellaneaus.
R EMOV AL.
JOHN W. GLOVER,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
Has removed to
60 MARKET STREET,
Where he will be likened to boo all hie friend' .
oet.B-dtf
CANDLES!!!
PARAFFIN CANDLE: 4 ,
SPERM CANDLES,
STEARINE lIANDLES,
ADAMANTINE CANDLES,
CHEMICAL SPERM CANDLES,
STAR (sassawa) CANDLES,
TALLOW CANDLES.
A large invoice of the above in store, and for sale a
unusually low rates, by
WM. DOCK, .7a., & CO.,
Opposite the Court House
!=
GUN AND BLASTING IeOWDER.
JAMBS M. WHEELER,
HARRISBURG, PA.,
AGENT FOR ALL
POWDER AND FUSE
IT •
I. - R. DUPONT DE N EMOURS. do CO.,
XILMINGTON. DELAWARE.
lEr A large supply always on hand: for sate at mann•
dictum's prices. Magazine two miles below town.
Err Orders received at Warehouse.
SCOTCH WHISKY.--One Puncheon
of PURE SCOTCH WHISKY. Jug rooolyed tintl for
"lo br JOHN H. ZINGLIII,
Paz TO Market West
ENIFTY BOTTLES I I 1 , --Of all'; ekes
ana iloooliptiloso, for Ws 161 by
Ova : - . • WM. WO; k 00.
Vatriot tt'-. anion.
FRIDAY MORNING, FEB. 1, 1861.
THE COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL,
3L4NUFAC7'UKING AND MINING IN
TERESTS OF PENNSYLVANIA: LIOW
CAN TREY BE PROMOTED?
IIOW THE TONNAGE TAX OPERATES.
After much diffieully had been successfully
sneouutered, thanks to the energy of our peo
ple, the liberality of our capitalists, and the
wisdom of many corporate bodies, and espe
cially of the city of Philadelphia and the
county of Allegheny, the road was built and
the effect of the tax on tonnage became mani
fest.
So far •ats-tiiminutiota of, thatAista
State from her improvements, was soli. etv
all apprehension of injury proved to have-been
unfounded, tor while canals were always a
cause of loss, the revenue from the Columbia
railroad, the only portion of the public works
which • ver paid, was largely increased by the
construction of the Pennsylvania railroad, in
somuch that the canal commissioners admitted
that fact in their annual report of 1852, and
Governor Bigler& eared in his message to the
Legislature of 1853, "The net profits of the
Columbia railroad for 1852 have nearly doubled
the amount of the net revenues from the other
branches of the public works."
On the other hand it was found that the tax
operated so as to impair the power of the
Pennsylvania road fully and fairly to compete
with her rivals, the Baltimore and Ohio and
the New York Central and Erie roads; neither
of which were liable to any such burthen, and
it was found, also, to act as a partial and un
just tax on domestic transporters.
On some articles it operated as a prohibi
tion, except under special circumstances. The
Legislature exempted coal and lumber in 1856,
but it -still remains a prohibition or obstruc
tion on all other articles of traffic, especially
on our peculiar products, flour, grain, cattle
and minerals, All the reasons for this it is
impossible to detail, but one, and the chief,
certainly was a natural reluctance in the Legis
lature to part with what they thought certain
and apparent revenues, and the inability in
many to extend their mental horizon far enough
to see the fallacy which preferred a present
gain, to the greater good of the development
of the resources of the Commonwealth, and
consequently enhanced value of
,property and
increased prosperity of the people.
WHAT IS THE TRUE POLICY OP THE STATE IN
REGARD TO THE TAX?
This question is easily answered if justice to
all her citizens, and the security of their inter
ests be admitted to be the very objects for
which government is constituted.
ITS INJUSTICE.
States, equally with individuals, are bound
by the moral code; neither can violate it with
impunity. The greatest glory of government
is to do JUSTICE to all men. The founders of
Pennsylvania have received the homage of the
world, because truth and justice reigned su
„
Cra
ted by Penn to virtue, it is needless to ae rou =
struts that justice is the infallible test of in
terest. Our early prosperity proved that in
nations, as in individuals, honesty is the best
po Icy.
Justice supposes EQUALITY before the law;
uniform protection of the citizen by the State,
uniform contributions by the citizen to the
Slate, pert eet impartiality on the one side and
cheerful obedience on the other side These
duties—protection, impartiality, cOntribution,
obedience, are reciprocal, each the considera
tion of another, all ociastituting a harmonious
whole.
if, therefore, the tonage tax is unequal, it is un
just. If it is unjust, the State, by continuing
it, violates its duty, by disregarding the funda
mental basis of all legitimate legislation.
There are many railroads. canals, turnpikes,
plank roads. and common roads in Pennsylva
nia. On no one of them, with one exception,
save that from Pitt sburg to Philadelphia, is
any special tax imposed. Many of them have
been recipients of the bounty of the State;
none but those mentioned have burthens im
posed upon it.
Whether the tonnage duty falls on the pro
ducer, the Consumer, or the transporter, it is a
duty paid only on this single line. As it is
paid by no other line, this resit, which is
taxed, is not on an equality with those other
lines which are not taxed. It is the Special
and single institute of departure from a general
and wholesome policy. It is the laying of a
burthen, grievous to be borne by our citizens
who pay it, betaiuSe exceptional, discriminative,
and adverse.
.f it came out of the treasury of the Company,
it might he asked whether the State should de
pend tor revenue upon a corporation created
tor other purposes; whether the State should
impose a virtual penalty for the doing of that,
to promote the common prosperity, which she
herself was onside or unwilling to 'to, though
its necessity was admitted ; whether it would
be fair to take Irum the to ockholil rs of the
Company, who have already lost, at the present
mark ,t value of the shares, over twenty per
cent. of their cash investments, other BUMS, in
volving further loss?
If the tax i- paid by the consumer, an inquiry
at ises whether it is the interest of the people
to pay what, is, in effect, en excise duty on the
products of the soil, the mines, the manufac
tures, on what they eat, wear and use.
If the producer i 8 the victim, he may complain
that
. what makes the public wealth, should be
selected for invidious discrimination ; that he,
on whom rests the feeding and clothing of oth
ers, should pay fur the privilege of performing
these essential functions.
How can Pennsylvania ask for protection of
her industry, by a discriminating foreign tariff,
when she imposes special domestic taxes on
transporters, farmers, manufacturers, miners,
producers, consumers, carriers of almost every
class, who use the chief channel of communica
tion traversing her territory from the east to
the west? Let her do justice to her own Citizens
before she asks fur favors from others.
Let us briefly consider the position of each
of these three classes.
AS TO THE COMPANY.
What is this Corporation ?
It is not an imaginary myth, or metaphysical
abstraction, or fabulous monster, but an asso
ciation, bound together by law, for a vast and
beneficent public object. The associators are
the seven hundred thousand people of Philadel
phia, the citizens of the county of Allegheny,
insurance companies, mutual benefit societies,
churches, cemeteries, charitable institutions,
thousands of our fellow-citizens, merchants,
manufacturers, farmers, laborers, women and
children, widows and orphans.
But the Company is not. the chief subject of
injury, for it has, measurably, the power of
self-protection. It can put up its local rates to
the ful' legal limit, and thus altogether avoid
the. oss of the tax, by placing it all on its
local customers, in the shape of increased
charges for transportation. If this has not
been done it evinces the moderation . of its
management.
AS TO THE CONSUMER.
In fact, the tonnage duty operates injuriously
to the comunter, either by increasing the cost
to him of all articles carried over the road, by
compelling the freight to pay the tax, or by
diminishing the supply in the market of arti
cles which cannot atlord to beat this imposition.
This argument. addresses itself with peculiar
force to Philadelphia. This city invested five
millions in this road, and one of the chief ob
jects was that her people might enjoy, at cheap
prices 4 the surplus products of the superabun
•tant agricultural portions of Pennsylvania and
the West. The St:.te steps in and forbids this.
She diminishes the supply and increases the
expense. The citizen, man or woman, rich or
poor, who buys a barrel of flour must pay, Ist.,
its home value; 2d, the actual coht of trans
port; 3J, a tax to the Commonwealth; 4th,
the extra price consequent on withholding from
the market that portion of produce which can
not afford to pay the tonnage duty. Thus, of
^ - 101 411110066011 1 1 0 11 kedheklek40 1 0, I
to t ft?) Vorteutai-i, two are the Mink of an arti
ficial political intervention in violation of the
universally received principles of political
economy. The third item, the tax itself,
amounts on every Car load of nine tons of flour,
grain, stock, iron, or any other property car
ried from Pittsburg to Philadelphia, - to seven
dollars and fifty-six cents. The fourth item is
not susceptible of arithmetical calculation.—
But, considering the vast and luxuriant grain
growing and stock-raising States of the north
west, and their independent choice of the taxed
road of Pennsylvania and the free roads of
New York and Maryland, and the continually
accumulating cost of carriage as distance in
creases, it may be fairly assumed that the en
hanced value from diminished supply is at least
equal to the direct tax.
The effect is precisely the same as the French
ociroi, against which every American who goes
to Paris, vindicates his republicanism,. by de
nunciation of the tyranny which, at the gates
of the city, levies a duty on the necessaries of
life. Our democratic exaction is worse than
the imperial tribute, not only because we ought
to know better, and can afford to be honest,
but because it is general, while the latter is
confined to articles of fond.
AS TO THE PRODUCER.
Still more onerous is this tax on the producer.
We refer now to the Pennsylvania farmers, mi
ners, iron-masters, manufacturers ; of those,
within our own borders who till the ground, or
extract its hidden treasures, or give increased
value by labor to raw material. Over these,
at least, there should be no license of oppres
sion. They obey the laws, support the gov
ernment, are our brethren, bone of our bone
and flrsh of our flesh. Yet we undertake now
to demonstrate that on every one of these most
useful citizens who sends his produce either
east or west, or sells it to any one who ships it
on the Pennsylvania Railroad, a tax, unjust,
because unequal, is levied by the legislation of
the State.
Of all men, farmers may speak plainly on
this point, because all farmers should know,
and feel, from costly experience, the invidious
degredation to which they are subjected by this
tonnage tax. They expect to raise more on
their farms than they consume. They look to
the e
superfluous products for the comforts of
aggran a tru " 77 Bv
breeding — of their chil
dren. Our citizens have a right to this, for
their land is good, the climate is healthy, and
they work hard.
But this superfluous produce, to be available,
must dud put chasers, and, as there are few
purchasers at home, they must seek a distant
market. The course of trade is eastward.—
Commonly they sell what they can spare, and
buy what they need, in eastern localities.—
Sometimes this is done directly, sometimes
inaireeily, by the medium of dealers to whom
they sell, and storekeepers from whom they
buy. But it is all the same in effect, because
tin all alike this tonnage tax is laid.
Surely they, at least, are not unreasonable
in deelari..g that they expect to get just the
price ot the eastern markets for their produce,
after deducting the expenses, and that they are
just es much worse off than they have a right
to be, in proportion as these expenses are
greater than they ought to be. But if the
State intervenes and forces them to pay a tax
on their crops, which is not paid by people
generally, and thereby makes a difference
between them and their fellow-citizens else
where, it is unfair.
This is exactly what is done by the tonnage
tax, by which every ton of freight which goes
over the Pennsylvania Railroad has to pay
tribute to the State Treasury. It is a tax ex
elustvely levied on those who, by their geo
graphical locations, are compelled to use it.—
The people everywhere else, who transport on
any other railroad, or by canal, turnpike, or
any other mode of conveyance, throughout the
State, are free from may wail chatge. Almost
very county in the State has some public im
provement, and all persons send their property
on these improvements for whatever the cost of
the freight atone is. But the people within the
line of the trade of this road have to pay, be
sides the freight, this tax, which no one else
has to p.,y.
m ay well say we want no special privi
lege-, but we believe we should not bear special
extortions. We ask no favors, but we demand
our riguts. Tue money which the Common
wealth requires ought to come from all men
alike, or iu pruportion to their property ; and
as he who uses this road gets no more protec
tion than inhere, he ought not to pay more for
it. We know that what the citizen gives the
State is fur the promotion which the State
gives the citizen. This being the real object
fur which the government was formed. the mo
ment our rulers go beyond this, they practi
cally depart from their legitimate functions, and
do great injustice to their constituents.
The States of Maryland and New York, so
far from laying any taxes on their roads, do all
they can to aid them and there is no tonnage
tax whatever; on the contrary, they have
given them millions of dollars. Of course, if
the Penneylvania railroad charged the foreign
freight with the tax, and compelled its pay
ment, by increasing the rates for transport,
they could not expect to get any of it, because
strangers, independent in their selection of
routes, And governed only by the own inter
ests, would not willingly pay this road more
than they could get their business done for on
the other and rival roads. Competition com
pels the Pennsylvania railroad either to ab.l3-
don the through business or to do it as cheaply
as roads which are not taxed. They have done
so, and thus, and thus only, retain. d Pennsyl
vania's fair share of the foreign trade. In
adopting this course they have acted under the
advice of eminent counsel, who have given
opinions that the tax is unconstitutional. If
the foreign freight cannot be made to pay the
tax, it continues at least on the domestic traffic,
I which thus suffers a serious embarrassment,
created by our own law.
The situation of farmers is especially hard,
They are' taxed for , the privilege ot taking to
market and selling the results of their toil,
their wheat, oats, corn, rye, hogs. horses, and
cattle. Having sold them and put the money
in their pookets, they either buy molasses,
sugar, coffee; tea , cloth, muslin, hardward;
and pay another duty to take them hume, or
they bring their money home !ad buy then
PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING,
SUNDAYS EXCEPTED,
BY 0. BARRETT & CO
XRE DAILY PATRIOT AND UNION will be served to nib
eeribere residing in the Borough for era CENTS PER *RYE
gobvtilie to the Carrier. Mail e - 11 -
tk...13e....ere, FOUR DOD
LARS PER ARNIM.
VHS WERKLY will be published SS heretofore, isinni.
weekly during the session of the Legislature, and once a
week the remainder of the year, ; or two dollars in'-04.
ranee, or apes dollars at the expiration of the year,.
Connected with this establishment is an extensive
/OE OFFICE, containing a variety of plain and fancy
typeunegnalled by any establishment in the interior of
the Mat*, for which the patronage of the public Liao.
NO. 129.
articles from the country storekeeper, who of
course charges them, besides ordinary profit,
with the tax which has been already paid on
the goods, in addition to the actual coat= of
transportation, and has enhanced their nominal
though not their real value to the precise
extent of this extra expense. Thus a tax is
paid both ways. It is not simply a duty, Jof
three mills per mile, but a duty each way, of
this amount; in fact, the State by this opera
tion forbids the farmer to realize the results;
of his labor, unless on payment to her of two
ingeniously contrived extortions.
Whet is true in respect to the farming,
interest, is equally true in regard to all tie
interests within the sphere of the malign
finance of this tax.
The same rigid rule applies to all the miuitgl
manufacturing and industrial classes, and
groan alike under this common oppression.—
There is community of suffering, and there
should be unit of effort for relief.
WHAT 18 tab TRUE INTEREST OF THE giTATH
Having thus proved the inequality or this
ax, and considered its effect on transporters,
consumers, and producers, we recur to the gen
eral question, already partially, answered—
What is the true interest of Pennsylvania? -.
No reasonable man will deny that the public
burthens ought to bear a just proportion to the
means of those on whom they are imposed.s—
Income taxes should be graduated by wealth.;
taxes on property shou d be regulated by its
value. To charge land in Elk county, worth '
only one dollar per acre, the same tax as land
in Philadelphia county, worth one thousand
dollars an acre, would be universally admitted
Injustice. It would be confiscation of the for
mer and immunity to the latter. To compel
him who has an income of one bundrea dollars,
to pay as much as one having an income of one
hundred thousand dollars, would be revolting'
to the sense of right.
To the extent to which it operates, this very :
thing is done by the tonage tax—for there is
no discrimination arising from difference
.'of
value. A ton of silver and a ton of iron pay
the same duty, It is Chiler too little for the
former or too much for the latter. As the most
useful commodities are mostbulky and weighty, .
and articles of luxury are generally the leatit,
so, this tax is effective cbieliy on the DOCCHIBS-'
ries of life, and, by consequence, it is moat•
oppressive to those least able to bear it.
It is impolitic, therefore, not only in Wilk
but because of its adverse operation on thy
.•
and the citizens least competent tb eaten
dure its pressure. Directed mainly against 04F.
domestic products, it is not, nor could it have,
been, designed by its secret contrivers or
cent supporters to be a fair measure, either of
revenue or protection. Nothing but the ex-'
planation, already given, of how it came to be'
laid, will account for its violation of the plain-f
est principles of political economy.
The only real means of securing public prim- 1
perity is by industrious development of natural,
resources. The great instruments of mateiiir
progress are agriculture, mines, manufacture*
and commerce—each amply possessed by Penner'
sylvania.
. .
Here nature has lavished, with generouq .
profusion. her richest gifts, concentrating,in
high &gee, every source of individual prOs
06gre is an Eld-'
P/R ‘
_comp eta wit in sel ,
r _
independent; a country equally anapted foragtl7
culture, manufactures, and commerce, abound':
ing in mineral treasures ; a climate neither
warm enough to enervate, nor so cold as to.
prevent all cultivation suited to a temperate re;
gion ; commanding alike the communications
of the Atlantic and the Mississippi ; ichabited
by patriotic, industrious and virtuous citizens:
Such a country and such a people are worthy
of the most enlightened legislation.
Taxes on track, obstruction of intereonraei
discouragement to industry, intrusion by gov
ernment into private interests, legislative med
dling into individual enterprise, all formerly
universal, have been almost everywhere awl.
ished, because proved by experience to he of
most mischievous tendency, paralyzing be ,
citizen, and thereby damaging the State. •
The independent man is always the most
powerful, because, each person being the best
judge of his own interest, untrammelled effort,
must be the most effective. A nation is bat
an aggregation of individuals ; wherefoie;
what promotes the prosperity of each, neuron
the prosperity of all. It has been shown that
the tonnage tax does interfere with individual
industry, preventing realization of its legiti
mate reward; that it enhances the Net Of 00
necessaries of life ; that it retards production
and diminishes the fair fruits of labor, opera
ting thus to the double disadvantage of produ
cers and consumers, It follows that this pri
vate detriment is public loss, and therefore
inconsistent with enlightened legislation, the
ruling idea of - which is FREEDOM, both politi
cal and personal.
If this were the oppression of a few, it would
be impolitic and unjust; but. affecting, as , it,
does, directly or indirectly, about oue halter
the entire impulation of the Commonwealth;
the wrong is monstrously magnified in extent,
though not in kind.
This species of wrong is, of all others, the
most mischievous; for as intercourse is at once
the chief cause and cousequenee of civilization,
obstruction of intercourse strikes at the highest
and dearest interests of the human race. That
imposts on transport tend to dimin , sh exchange
or commodoties earinot he disputed, Thia is
what Pennsylvania does by the tonnage tax,
and in this respect, therefore, her laws Whet
enormous evils on her people.
This taxation has not even the Selftish MOO
that it. is levied on strangers, or that it is com
mercial hosility to foreigners, or that it, is .for
protection against competition from abrosd.
It is directed against our own citizens, violates
commercial axiouts, protects only rival routes
through other States, stabs the vitals of domes
tic prosperity.
"THIRTY Six TIMITY."--The reader who is
curious to know , exactly where runs this oft
mentioned line, will get a dear idea of it by
taking the map and tracing it as 4 . 9110Ws : It
commences at the point on the Atlantic coast,
where the dividing line between. Virginia and
North Carolina commences ; posses along the
line dividing those States ; along the line be
tween Tennessee and Kentucky ; along the
between the States of Missouri and Arkansas,
thence through the territory of the Cherokee
nation, through New Mexico, striking the east
ern boundary of the State of California, a
short distance south of the middle, striking the
Pacific a short distance south of Monterey bay.
On the south of that line there are about 800,-
000 square miles, including Indian reserva
tions, while on the north there are about 1,-
300,000 square miles,
I/MY/Mt Of LETTEIte /$ Peal& —The French
postoffice is abtout'to adopt, for the delivery of
dity letter! the - system of atmospheric pressure
through Mug cylinders. The e xhausting ma
chine will be placed in the central offtne,
and the pipes will go to all the railway atatiro
and the diderent principal offices in the Oity.
Packages will thus be sent to the differieht,
quarters instantaneously, where they will ;be
taken up for distribution, and thus letters ruopy
arrive at their destination in half an hour nAer
they are written, instead of in, tFO Of tht*
hours as now.