RATES OF ADVERTISING.
•
.four lineo or ieee constitute half a square. Ten lines
rr were than four, omortitute a square. 0.66
0 1 01 , onedaj-00.26- One eq., one day------ $
4
'.. one week...—. 1.00 4 4 one week........ 1.26
.. one month— . 2.00 44 one month. -. 4 2)
.; three months. 2.00 44 three months. 6.00
•4 six months— . 4.00 g g mix months.— 8.00
t ( one year . 6.00 " 0ne),ear...... 10.00
ty , BusjugpEi active inserted In the LOCAL ooz.tont, OP
be fore marriage's and deader, ME Orirs ran ursn fee aueh
cr.'on. To merchanUand °there advertising by theyeal
' ice , is will be offered.
The numberof insertions must be elesignated On near
Vunent.
storine e ari d Deaths will be inserted At the Name
via regalar .olvertmemenla.
-------
„St
ahotterp, $4l.
SellOOL BOOKS.--School Directors,
Teach „ra, Parents, Scholars, and others, in want of
gi me' Vooks; School Stationery, itc., will find a complete
Loortion i a t a, M. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STORE,
toast Square, Harrlehaig, issotaleinit In part the follow.
illiAßEN3.—hlcGulfey'a, Parker's, Cobb's, Angell's
SPELLING BOOKS.-.4lcGiilfees, Cobb'., Weteter's,
Towa's,Byerlys. Combrra.
it amisli GRANNABB.—Bullion's, Smith's, . Wood
bridge's, Bontelth,s, Tuthill% Hats Wong_
giSTOßlES.—Grinishaw'aiDavenport's, frost% Wil
son's, willard's, Goodrich'e, pinnook% Goldsmith's and
Clark's- • -.-. •
BlVlHATlO'S.—Greenleara, Stoddard's, Emerson's'
pikes, Bose's, 0011fiall'e, Smith and Duke's, Bowlers.
ALG&BlLM—Etteaulears, 'DATUM, Darei 11101,
1104 0°-
DICTION/MTS.—Walker's School,r'e P Cobb'emiw Walker,
lrcester's . Comprehensive, Womesteriy,
Quarto,
Web ,
Primary, Webster 's High School, Webster's
Acadamilb
NATURAL riaLOOOPITESS,Comatock% pones
Swiftle. The above with a great variety of Where can a
soy time be found at my store. Also, a,compliite soon.
sent of School Stationery, embracintio the while & com
plete outfit for school_purposes. Any book not in store.
the .
gr ocurs4 at one days notice.
117' Country Alcielsiipplied. at_whoicesie fates.
itLBANACS.--,Tohn Baer and Bonhi Almanac for Sale al
E. N. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STONE, Harrisburg.
Br Wholesale and Beta . myi
JUST I{,EOEI.VED
AT
80REFFER'S BOOKSTORE ,
ADAMANTINE SLSTES
or TADIOIIO. SIZES AND PRIMES,
Which, for beauty and use, cannot be excelled,
EMMEMBBB THP PLACE,
SCHRFFBRIS BOOKSTORE',
NO. 13 STREBT. mare
N EW BOOKS!
7UST RECEIVED
" IMAM AND SAY," by the author of ~ Wide, Wide
Waeld,n 6illollnal and C9nts," ace-
HISTORY OF RETRODISM, I, by A.Steviiiie, LLD_
Fox sale at SCLIZENERS' BOOKSTOR,
ap9 No. 19 Marks et.
JUST BECEI-VED,
A LARGE! AND SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OF
RICHLY GILT AND ORNAMENTAL
WINDOW CURTAINS,
PAPER BLINDS,
Of -various Designs and Colors, for 8 cents,
TISSUE PAPER AND CUT FLY PAPER,
At [my24] SOILEFFER'S BOOKSTORE.
WALL PAPER I WALL PAPER I I
Just received, our Spring Stock of WALL PAPER,
BORDERS, MBA ROBBERS, &c., &o . It is the largtiet
and best selected. assortment lathe city, ranging in price
from 8110) cents np . to one dollar and at:ll:tarter ($1.25.)
/IVO turalleee very low for cash, we are prepared t 9
cell iitielow ratio, if not lower, then can be had else.
*Oro. 'lf purchasers' will tall and examine, we feel
confident 'that we can 'please theni in respect to price
and dually: - ' R.* POLLOOR & SON,
_ap3 - - Below Jones , House, Market illouire.
11 ,
.E TTE R ; CAP; NOTE - PAPERS,
Pens, Holders, Pencils ; Envelopes, Sealing Wax, of
the treat quality, atlow_Dneei. dirSta. Actle:tae_ Infant
factories, at -
mead SCHEFFER , S CHEAP BOOKSTORE
'LAW BOOKS LAW BOOKS
.1.1 general assortment of LAW BOOKS, • all the State
Reports and Standard 'Elementary Works, with many of
the old English Reports, scarce and rare, together with
large assortment of second-hand
Lnw Books, at very
low prices, at Me ens price E. DeAslefe
M. POLLIDOIC fr, SON,
Market Square, Harrisburg.
Alistellaneouo,
AN ARRIVAL OF
- NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
SILK LINEN PAPER
FANS! FANS!! FANS!!!
ANOTHER AND SPLENDID LOT OP
SPLIcT_ED FISHING - HOD S!
Trout Flies, Gat and Hair Snoods, G rass Lined, Silk
end Hair Plaited Lines, and a general assortment of
FISHING TAOKLE!
A GREAT vd.sisrr OP
WA. L I.N G B I
Which we will Sea as eheap as. the cheapest!
Silver Head Loaded - Sword Hickory. Fancy
Canes! Canes! Hanes! ; .Canes! Canes
WILLIS'S DINO AND FANCY STORE,
. SWIM Blume,
South side, one door east of Fourth street je9.
J: • 11 AR R B • ;
WORKER IN TIN,
SHEET IRON, AND
METALLIC ROOFING,
Sawed Street, below Chestnut,
.HARRISBURG, PA.
is prepared to fill orders for any article in his branch of
business ; and if not on hand, he will make to order on
short notice.
METALLIC ROOFING, of 'fin or Galvanized Iron,
constantly on band.
Also, Tine and Sheet,lro n Ware, Spouting, Re.
He hopes, by strict attention to the wants of his custo
mers, b merit and receive a generous share of public pat.
sonage. 2
jja" livery promise strictly fulfilled.
B. J. HARRIS,
- Second Moot, below ohaslzult.
- Flsiats FIB 11111
MACKEREL, (Noe. 1, 2 and 3.)
SALMON., (very superior.)
SHAD, (Mess and - very line.)
HERRING, (extra large.)
COD FISH.
SMOKED HERRING. (extra Digby.)
MOTOR. MIBBING,
SARDINES AND ANCHOVIES,
Of the above we hare Mackerel in whole, half, quarter
and eighth bbls Herring in whole and half bble.
The entire lot new—OlßOO'r rROM 'THE FIBEIBRIBB, and
will sell them at the lowest market rates.
sepli DOOK IR dr. CO.
CH'AMPAGNE WINE-S 1
DUO BE MONTEBELLO,
MEIDSI ECK & CO.,
cIiABLES
GIEStiER & CO
ANCHOR---SILLERY morresEux,
SPARKLING riaUSOATEL,
ffillffiffi & CO 1 8,
TERZENAT,
CABINET,
store and for sale .7
JOHN H. ZINGLBR,
73 Market street
020
EOKO EtY WOOD ! SUPERIOR LOT
11 jun received, and for sale in quantities to Bolt pur
ehasers, by JAMES M. WK.KELOR
AIso,OAK AND PINE constantly on hand at the
'4oeresprices. • • deaf,
_
VAMLLY ISIBLES, from to
j::-: a tista g end handsomely bona, printed on good paper,
with elegant chat new type, Hold at
lowa !WIMPY BR , B Oheap
ORANBERRIES j 1 !.--A Ski...wimp LOT
Visit sa6ei‘o4 by
setlo
OA a aupdior and cheap T.4.ISLE or
SALAD OIL go to.
.KFILEIIII DRI/0 STORE.
VIE Fruit Grime ,Handbook by
mina—wbolessis and retail at
axhal EIOHIOI2I1 1 8 Booksktre.
large supply
SPERM. CANDI:N.—A
"48444
b 7 WY. DOCIC7s, & CO.
'KELLER'S DRUQ. 'STORE idlfieVacte .
l ' ll24thtbelitallikirti l i e n tbt, l4 o 4 - . 1 .114iilAi-
TO THE PUBLIOI
JOHN TILL'S
COAL YARD;
SOUTH SECOND STREET
BELOW PRATT'S ROLLING MILL,
weight warranted
J - CONSUMERS GIVE ME A CALL FOR YOUR
WINTER SUPPLY.
Ql4ers left at my house, in Walnut street, near
fifth; or at Brubaker s 6, Korth street; Z. L. Spears,
Market Square; Wm. Bostick's, corner of Second and
South streets, and John Lingle's, Second and Mulberry
streets, will receive prompt attention.
jyl3-.16n. JOHN TILL.
C 0 A'L! COAL!!
P A TENT WEIGH CARTS!
NOW IS TEE TIME
For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the .
winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh.
Carts. 27is accuracy of these Carts no one disputes, and
they aorgir get Out at order, sa is frequently the cue of
the Platform Scales; besides, the consumer' has the
satisfaction of proving the weight of hie Coal at hie
own house.
All Coal of the best quality mined, and delivered free
from all impurftlea, at the lowest rates, by the boat or
car load, single, half or tlaird of tone, and by the bushel.
mugs M. WHSELEB.
Harrisburg, September 24.1860.--aep2s •
Yof the convenience of my numerous up town custom
ers, I have established, in connection wath qy old yard,
a Bran& Coal Yard apposite North street, in a line with
the Pennsylvania canal, having the office fortnerly occu
pied by Mr. R.Harris, where consumers of Coal in that
vicinity and Verbeketown can receive their-Coal by the
PATENT WEIGH OART/3_,
WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE FOR HAULING,
And in any quantitY they May 491114 1 01 as low as can be
purelmsed anywhere.
FM'S THOUSAND TONS COAL ON HAND,
Of LYKENS VALLEY and WILIIESBARRff , all sizes.
10' Willing to maintain fair prices, but unwilling
to be undersold by any parties.
trr All Coal forked:up and delivered clean and free
from all impurities, and the best article mined.
Orders received at either Yard will be promptly tilled,
n. 4 all Coal delivered by the Fatent Weigh Carts.
u
oat soak ' oy.uoas tear loan, single, nett or
tons, and by the bushel.
JAMES M. WHEELER.
Harrieburg - I October 18.180.---oetta
tYIiENS VALLEY NUT COAL-
For Sale AT TWO DOLLARS PER TON.
All Coal dolivered by PATENT WE IG H CARTS
JAMES M. WHEELER
ID" Coaldelivered from both yards. nol?
WM. DOCK, dz., & 00
. .
. .. .
. . .
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Union.
.. ..:
VOL. 3.:i
(goal.
HARRISBURG, PA.,
Where he ham constantly on hand
LYKENS VALLEY BROKEN, EGG, STOVE AND
NIIT COAL
ALSO,
lITLIIMBANAZ STEAMBOAT, BROKEN, STOVII
AND NUT COAL,
ALL OF THE BEST QUALITY.
It, pill be delivered to consumer; clean, and full
ONLY YARD IN TOWN THAT DELIVERS
COAL BY THE
have a. large imply of Coal on hand, con.f.Elog of
S. M. 00. , 5 , LYRENS VALLEY GOAL all sizes,
LYIKENS VALLEY
WAIMBARRA
BITUMINOUS BROAD TOP do.
UP TOWN?
PATENT WEIGH CARTS
Ilebteal.
HELMBOLDvs
H ELMIR MIPS
H ELMBOL DPS
HELMBOLD'S
HELM B 1 D'S
HEL %MOLD'S
HELM.HOLIPS
liatract Bachn, Extract Bercht‘
Burst Buchn, Extract Birch%
Extract Bacon, Extract isurhu,
Extract Bucinci ) Extract Buskin,
Eat , Wit Swim, Extract Dacha,
Extract Boon, Extract. Bunn,
Extract Bache, Extract
'
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE:DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET :AND , DELICATE DISORDERS.
.E 0 SEICRET
,A.ND DSLICATE
:DISORDERS
FOR SE CRET . AND DELICATE DISORDERS
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS
FOR SECRET A tD DELICATE DISORDERS
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS
Positive and Specific Remedy.
A 'Positive and Specific Benurdy.
A Positive and. Specific RiAmedy•
A Prisitive indgipecific Remedy.
A Positive andlircifie Remedy.
A Poet ive and Speegie Remedy.
A Positive and Specifier Remedy.
ROE DiSMASES OP THE;
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, .DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
ELADDRR, GRAVEL, D lmp-V,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY ,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
OMANI t WEAKNESS,
ORGANLO WE tENiNS,
Often Nte .WEAKNKSO,
ORGANIC WEAR SPA,
ORGAN- C WEAKNEsS,
ORGANIC WKAKNESS,
And all Diseases of Se2leal Organs,
And all Diseases of Sexual organs,
And all Diseases of Sexual 0. grans,
AAA all Dispute of Sexual Organs,
And au Diseases AV Sexual Organs,
And all Diseases of Sexual organs,
ARISING FROM
Ensues, Exposures, eni Dnprodenoies in Life.
Rumen, Saposesee, and Intarndenc.es Lir e .
Buenas, Exposure-, and Impriaienems in Life.
Pacoima, EXv0 , 1141514, and Impindeneirs in Life.
Excesses, Surmises, and Iminsidencies in Life.
Excesses, Exponins, and Impru.teneieti in Life.
From whatever oit ee oriainatimr,ind whether 'aiding in
MALE OR FR vl ALM.
Females, take no more Pills! They are of no avail for
Complaints ineid.n , to the Rex. 'Me
leX CRAM BUCHU.
HplmboWs Extract Buchn is a Medicine which is per
fectly pleagact in no
TASTE AND ODOR,
But immediate in its action. giving Health and Vigor to
the frame, Bloom to the Pallid Oneek, and restoring the
patient to a perfect state of
• fiVALIIT AND PURITY..
Hollnbols 7 s Extract Bacon is prepared according, to
Pharmacy and Chemistry, and is prescribed and need by
THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS.
Delay no longer. Procure the remedy at once.
Price $1 psr oottle, or Nix for SO.
D.pet 104 Sonth Tenth street. Philadelphia.
BEWARE OF lINPRINIJIPLED. DEALERS
Trying to palm off their own or other &Wel; of RCM,
on the repute' ion attained by
fiELMBOLD'S EXTRACT DUCH%
The 9AlRinal and only Gem'loci
We desire to run on the.
- MERIT OP 8 UR ARTICLE !
Their's% er,:rthleee sold ati mach lets rates and cow
eoneeqtreatly paying a iamb better profit.
WS DEPT 00.ARSTITION
.kal for
HELMBOLD'EI NXTHACT Bt CHU.
Tabs no other.
Sold by TORN 'WYETH, Druggist, corner of Market and
Second streets,_ Harrisburg,
AND ACV RItuGG- ism EVDRYWHDR.D.
mold dditteitt.
EXTRACTS! EXTRACTS!!
WOODOWORTO &` RUNNEL'S
EI7PBR/6R FLATORING EXTRACTS
BITTER ALMOND,_
NM:
MARINA
PINE Apiae,
STRAWBERRY,
• , 314.13N,_
LEMON Asp
VANILLA,
Just remind &ad forfiale bi t
Seal M.4001i15., CO.
Vatrint Union.
THURSDAY MORNING, JAN. 31, 1861
THE COMMERCIAL ; AGRICULTURAL,
MANUFACTURIN6 AND MINING IN
TERESTS OF PENNSYLVANIA: HOW
CAN THEY BE PROHOIED?
HOW CAN TIIE INTERS TS OP PENNSYLVANIA
The most serious and interesting topics, con
cerning both the honor and theinterests of the
Commonwealth, arait then which relate to com
mercial conimunieations, the development of
our vast natural resources, and our traffic,
domestic and foreign.
It is proposed in this paper to present to the
people of Pennsylvania, a plan for the removal
of the existing obstructions to the further de
velopment of their resources, and the opening
of the incalculable but still hidden treasures
of the State_
We ask for it the dispassionate, examination
of all men whose sober sense can truly test the
questions presented; and its adoption or re
jection according to its absolute merits, apart
from prejudice,_ passion or party.
It is believed that an arrangement can be
made for developing resources, and thus in
creasing the values of vast portions of the Com
monwealth, by which our entire State debt Will
be speedily extinguished, without resorting to
increased taxation of any kind, and all the in
ternal improvements of Pennsylvaoa be placed
upon an equality, without restrictions to pre
vent them from moving the property of our
people at minimum rates.
We find that in the present position of affairs,
it is impossible to carry a pound of freight
from the East to the West or the West to the
East, at the actual cost of transportation—but
that the gommonwealth, having taxed the
Pennsylvania railroad company, not only on
its property but on its business, the company
makes that business pay this tax, so that, in
fact, Pennsylvania levies tribute on her own
citizens for the privilege of using their own
road.
do ""
do. b
Let us enquire then
ROW AND WHY THE TONNAGE TAX WAS LAID
The Atlantic slope of the United States is
separated ftent the valley of the Mississippi by
the Apalachian Mountains. a natural boundary
better •defined than those which divide some of
the independent nations of Europe. Two gen
erations ago, MIS Wise men thought that a
substantial union between these several parts
could not be long continued, and in others,
ambition's projects were based on the supposed
diseerclant interests of the East and the West.
In fact, they presented • marked contrasts in
the most material particulars—climate, soil,
productions, channels of communication, origin
of the inhabitants; customs, manners, language,
laws.
• Mit: JErrinsores Tar-reaching wigdom, re
moved, by the purchase of Louisiana, the chief
source of political discordance'; but the barriers
erected by nature still remained.
Speedy settlement of the West would proba
bly have been fatal to the unity of the Republic.
Fortunately, the unfitness of the French and
Rpererrarns - for rapier coleinmeg• tb - tremmtry,
combined with minor causes, delayed the im
provement of the lands drained by the Missis
sipi and its tributaries, until time had developed
a surplus population in the East, which sought
the rich alluvial and lime-stone soils of the
West, and infused its own restless and resistless
energy into the slumbering colonists whom
they found scattered on the margins of the
streams. These emigrants carried also to their
new homes recollections of those which they
had lett, and all the wholesome prejudices of
their early training. The ties of birth and
breeding, undigested by change - of residence,
impelled them to desire, to contrive, and finally
to acOOmplish, means of communication easier,
- cheaper, and speedier than the pack horse,
slowly and painfuily toiling ten to twenty
mi es a day over 'the rude paths which were
called, according to their width, trails or roads.
So, 'also, with land owners and explorers.
They saw the boundless treasures of the virgin
soil, anticipated the time when this profuse
bouuty of Providence would become available
for Man, and predicted the mighty empire—
now millions on millions and still but infancy—
destined to supplant the ferocious savage 'and
the contented Frenchman.
HELMMOLD f S
HELMBOLD , S
HELMBOLEPS
HELMBoLLIOS
HELPIDWALPS
HELMBOLD 9 S
HELMBOLIrs
But all knew and said that there must be
roads across the mountains. The highways of
a country are sure tests of its civilization, and
measure its progress as a thermometer indicates
temperature. The history of the roads across
the Alleghenies is the history of the prosperity
of the people. In the great and beneficent
work of opening these means of intercourse,
States and citizens cordially concurred. No
short sighted selfishness threw obstruction in
the way. Bounties were offered. Taxes were
not dreamed of. He who could have been bold
enough to propose levying duty on freight
would have been scouted as a publics enemy.
The policy of PENNSYLVANIA especially, indi
cated the wisdom of her founders. In the first
quarter of the present century, she subscribed
vast sums of money to turnpikes leading to the
West. Hoe FILANELINs, Mounts, etsueßg,
M'HEANs—all the fathers of her freedom, four'.
ders of her greatness—had passed away before
the modern contrivance of taxing civilization
by a tonnage duty was ventured on.
The differences between the savage and the
citizen arise from, or tend towards, separation
of individuals. The former lives' by himself
and for himself: sole despot of his solitary
family, he knows no community of interest or
action, except as sometimes impelled by hunger
in the chase or by passion in war. His wants
are few, because hip knowledge is limited; He
needs, for his infrequent travel, only the sun.
the stars, the course of streams, to guide his
steps. Roads and intercourse are inconsistent
with his wild iudependence. Improving on the
slow process of taxa Lion as means of impairing
efficacy, he would at once destroy what he dis
approves. and banish road-makers as intoler
able nuisances. This is the absolute reign of
ignorance and selfishness,
When the ring of the wood-ehoprier's axe
resounds through the forest, the first blow has
been struck for intelligence and intercourse.
The work proceeds, houses and barns appear,
fields.and pastures teem with grain and cattle,
schools and churches are built, towns and
cities spring up. During all this, another pro
cess has been going ou, at once dependent upon
and aiding the progress of man from his lowest
to his highest condition L-creation of. means of
intercourse—building bridges, making roads,
&c.
Without these facilities there etteuet be ready
communications, which are essential to social
combination, without wjtioh, concentration of
effort is . impossible... All, refinement results
from this union of many, in their pewitl parts,
for the comfort and ; convenience of all
As early as 1781,fistfanaL-WAstuscron wrote
to, Glovernor Barriiion, in anticipation of the
trade.of .the West and the competition for it ! :
"A: people,who are possessed of a spirit of corn
wieroe,, who see and will purse& their advante
_gee; may achieve: almost. smything.
Ineantintei under]. die funoortaiiity , of ithese wt.
H URR IS 1U RG. PA., TIJURSDAY, JANUARY 31,1861.
BE PROMOTED?
Crtakings, they are smoothing the roads and
paving the way for the trade of the western
world. That New York will do the same, no
person who knows the temper, genius, and pol
icy of these people can harbor the smallest
doubt. Common policy, therefore, points clearly
and strongly to the propriety of our enjoying all
the advantorg which nature and our local situation
afford us, and clearly evinces that unless this
spirit could be totally eradicated in other
States as well as this, and every man be made
to become either a cultivator of the land or a
manufaeturer of such articles as are prompted
by necessity, such Stimulus should be employed
as will force this spirit, by showing to our
countrymen the superior advantages we possess
beyond others, and the importance of being
upon an equal footing with our neighbors."
Time developed this predicted rivalry of our
northern neighbors. The completion of the
Erie Canal gave New York such supremacy,
that renns,ylvania was compelled, in self-de
fence, to enter on a large scale, upon the con
struction of canals, and subsequently of rail
roads. Thus our State debt expanded to forty
Our canals, free from taxation lost for the
State, many millions of money while competing
With those of New York for the commerce of the
West; as is evident from the fact that the
State debt continually increased, while thc Tory
year after the Main Line was sold, it began to
decrease. The disadvantage of political man
agement was common to both States; and as
our officers were not less honest and competent
than theirs, the loss on the canals is to be
iitl
puted to their peculiar construction and disad
vantage of management, notwithstanding the
rates then charged were higher than those now
charged on competing lines. • But the policy
which projected and executed these works was
sound. Public credit partially developed the
powers of the Commonwealth, and secured her
position as a trading and manufacturing com
munity. To accomplish tbis gigantic result,
private capital was then incompetent. The evil
Of the State entering on commercial enterprise
was tolerated, rather than incur the impending
and greater evil of loss of commercial equality
or ascendancy.
The acts for a. canal destroyed the value of
Stock in competing turnpike lines, and the Com
monwealth lost large amounts which bad been
thus invested.
As turnpikes were partially supplanted by
canals, after a while canals were still more in
juriously effeeted by railroads.
The Erie and New York Central and the Bal
timore and Ohio railroads were begun, and
again the alternative was presented to Penn
sylvania of tairrendering her material pros
perity, or of constructing a railroad, compe
tent to meet the ardent rivalry of New York on
the north and Maryland on the south.
By this time, from causes over which we
throw the charity of silence, our people were
heartily sick of. all public works .of improve
ment by the Commonwealth. To pass a bill
through the Legislature for making a railroad
by the State from Philadelphia to Pittsburg
was impossible. *:The extremity was admitted
to be embarrassing—some considered it des
perate.
For extrieetion from this difficulty we are in
debted chiefly to the mingled pride and patriot
ism of many citizens in various parts of the
Iscigt.: of nlrrknfd, every_ f csdition of life, and to
the prudent counsels o theity ana armlets'
of Philadelphia, and the county or Allegheny.
These persons and corporations subscribed
enough to commence, and, by the subsequent
aid of loans, to complete the Pennsylvania
railroad.
The charter contained a clause taxing all
freight carried over the road ; and this, not
withstanding the Pennsylvania canals had al
ways been operated at a sacrifice of money, was
the charter, which, carried away by instant
desire and expecting speedy relief from the
Legislature, was accepted by the projectors of
the enterprise. This tax, tnodifided by subse
quent legislation, is now three mills per ton
per mile,
It was said that the tonnage tax was imposed
to protect the canals, and indeed, as the origi
nal tax was only to be levied from the 10th day
of March to the Ist day of December, that is,
while the •canals were open '
• but tonnage was_
free of duty all the rest of the year, that is,
while the canals were closed; it is plain that
this Was the ostensible reason for laying this
tax, and it'll equally clear that as the canals,
so far as any interest of the State is concerned,
are now, since, their sale, never open, that the
sole reason for the law has ceased. But it
could only effect this by increasing the expense
of transportition by railroad to a rate exceed
ing that on the canals ; thus defeating the very
object for which the railroad was made. The
laws of trade are absolute and selfish, Dto
man would use either the canals or railroad,
unless it was his interest, and, if legislatve
incnmbrance compelled charges greater than
those on utter available lines, those lines
would alone be employed. Those who had no
alternative—our own people on the line of
transport—would be compelled customers, but
merchants and others from the West, who had
a choice, would go where they were beat and
most cheaply served. The necessities of the
Commonwealth, protection of property, her
dignity, supremttey, legislation, could not
move the trader, who had an eye single to his
own service, and cared no more for one trans
porter than another—negro porter or sover
eign State, he considered them alike as common
carriers.
But, we need not pursue this topie, for all
argument drawn from the canals ended when
they were sold.
The reasoning then, if sound before, had,
logically, a reverse application. If the object
of the tax on the ratlro4d was to protect the
canals, when the canals no longer needed pro
tection, the tax should cease, because the rea
son for its imposition had ceased_ Especially
is this view sound in this case, inasmuch as the
railroad company having purchased the canals,
they could not need protection against them
selves, sod the canals and railroads having now
a common owner, a tax on one was a tax on
both, and thus, what was pretended to have
been originally imposed as a virtual premium
to the canal, became ultimately an actual bur
then on it.
The legislature which directed the sale of
the Main Line of the public works, recognized
this view by providing, that if the Pennsylva
nia railroad company became the purchseera,
they should, under certain contingencies, be
forever discharged and freed from the tonnage
tax and all othar taxes, with .certain specified
exceptions. The Supreme Court held that this
was too broad, inasmuch as it amounted to
alienation of. State soverereignty, and was void
as a contract to bind future legislatures. But
the legislative declaration Of WM? Policy?
and of what justice to the company demanded,
was complete, and thus the company purchased
I the canals and connecting railroads. An im
plied moral obligation therefore rests on the
legislature to carry out, to the extent of their
power, the intentions of their predecessors of
1857, by repealing this tonnage tax, and • the
more so, inasmuch as while the Main Line, un
der State management, never yielded a dollar
- of net revenue: they now produce since, and
bY•re88811 of their sale, -an annual revenue. of
'5875,000e so that the Penney Waal& Railroads°
far from injuring the State works was the sole
means of giving them any value whatever as
a source cf profit.
Few laws, however, affecting large interests
are passed except from different and often disc
cordant motives. This case illustrates this
truth. For, while protection of the canal was
the ostensible, and with some the real motive,
for imposing tax on the railroad freight, it was
but the specious seduction of a false pretence,
the result chiefly of hostility to Pennsylvania
interests. It will be recollected that during
the session of /846 the Legislature was dis
tracted by the attempt to procure for the Bal
timore and Ohio railroad, part of which was
then in operation and the rest in process of
construction, the right of way, through the
south-western section of Pennsylvania, for a
branch of that road from Cumberland to Pitts
burg. This, and the project of our own road,
were rivals in the Legislature, and, extraordi
nary as it may seem, the same Senate and
House of Representatives which chartered the
Pennsylvania Company also gave full corporate
rights to the Maryland Company in our terri
tory, and imposed a tax on the freight business
of the firmer of five mills per ton per milt.
On the 21st of April, 1846, when the Balti
more act was approved, Harrisburg resounded
with the boisterous acclamations of the Mary
landers, who, aided by the mistaken views of
some of our own citicetie, had laid this great
Commonwealth at the feet of a comparatively
feeble power. It was exultingly proclaimed
that now our western fields, mines, forests,
rivers and the lakes were all a commercial
part of Maryland, and that the products and
people of that region were tributary to the
growing greatness of a rival, superior in enter
prise and energy. They forgot an element of
Pennsylvania character, never obtrusive, but
never wanting when demanded ; solid, steady
strength of will, which, once aroused, moves
with silent effectiveness ; sometimes slow,
but
always sure to accomplish its work. This
feeling is accompanied by that liberality which
is willing to give to all our people and all our
neighbors every reasonable facility not incon
sistent with the commercial equality which po
litical justice demands. Fair play for all parties
is the old fashioned Pennsylvania doctrine ;
almost unimpaired save by the burthens on the
busioees of the Pennsylvania railroad.
Ti • obstructions placed on our own Company
failed of at least one of their objects. The
stock was subscribed and the road was built.,
through the heart of Pennsylvania, notwith
standing this combined opposition.
PENN'A LEGISLATURE.
WEDNBEILAY, Tan. 30, 1861
The Senate was called to order at 11 o'clock,
a. m., by the SPEAKER. Prayer by Rev. Mr.
Feltwell.
Mr. FINNEY presented the annual report of
the Erie canal company.
The SPEAKER laid before the Senate a com
munication from the Auditor General of the
number, classification and license rates of all
dealers subject to the payment of licenses in
the different counties of the Commonwealth.
Also, the annual report of the Delaware and
Hudson canal company.
Also, the annual report of the Sixpenny
saving fund of Philadelphia.
reportvor the Saving luau
society of Philadelphia.
A joint resolution from the House, appoint
ing a committee to make the necessary arrange
ments for raising the flag on the dome of the
Capitol, on the 22d of February, with appro
piste ceremonies, was taken up and passed.
Mr. SERRILL called up the bill authorising
the directors of the poor of Delaware county to
sell certain real estate. Laid over.
BILLS IN PLACE
Mr. SCHINDEL, an act relating to the Vata
saqua and Fogelsville railroad company.
Mr. CRAWFORD, a supplement to the act
relative to the claim of Thomas Morley.
Mr. MEREDITH, an act to incorporate the
Kittanning water company.
Mr. IMBRIE, an act to decimalize the fee
bill of the prothonotaries of the courts of
common pleas of this Commonwealth,
Mr. FULLER, a supplement to the act in=
corporating the Greensburg gas and water
company.
Mr. SMITH, a supplement to the act to
revise and amend the Penal Code.
Mr. PARKER, an act to incorporate the
Pawner's loan association, of Philadelphia. .
Also, an act for the relief of the sureties of
F. Knox Morton, late treasurer of Philadel
phia.
Mr. lIIESTAND, an act relative to the ad
ministration of justice in Lancaster county.
Mr. CONNELL, a further supplement to the
act ii►eot'porating the city of Philadelphia.
Also, an act relative to the Cemetery of
Miners' Lodge, No. 20, I. 0. 0. F.
Also, a supplement to the act incorporating
the Philadelphia and Darby railroad company.
Mr. CONNELL moved the committee on Rail
roads be discharged, and the Senate proceed
to the consideration of said bill, which was
not agreed to—yeas 12, nays 12.
The act authorising the laying out of a State
road in Butler and Armstrong counties came
up on the orders, and passed finally.
BILLS CONSIDERED.
On motion Of Mr. PENNEY, the bill to in
corporate the Ardesco oil company was taken
up. amended and passed its several readings.
Mr. NICHOLS called up the act to incorpo
rate the Penn gas coal company, On soor.d
reading.
On motion of Mr. THOMPSON, House bill,
entitled "An Act to incorporate the Flatborough
monument association," was taken up and
passed finally.
Mr. YARDLEY called up the bill authorizing
the Society of Friends in Bucks county to sell
certain real estate, which was passed.
Mr. IRISH called'ap the act for the relief of
William K. M'Clintock, which was passed.
On motion of Mr. SMITH, the Senate pro
ceeded to the consideration of the supplement
to the act providing for the erection of public
buildings in Philadelphia. Laid over oa second
reading.
Mr. SMITH called up House bill, No. 66,
appropriating an area of ground in Philadel
phia as an open public place, &c., which was
passed finally. Adjourned.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
w ß uNcepor, January 30, 1861.
The House mei at 11 o'clock and was called
to order by the SPEAKER.
ORIGINAL RESOLUTION.
Mr. BARNSLEY moved that the Militia Com
mittee be discharged from the consideration of
the bill appropriatiog $200,000 to arm the
State, and that the same be made the special
order. Not agreed to.
DILLS IN PLAON,
Mr. SMITH, an act relating to justices of
the peace in the county of Berks.
Mr. MARSHALL, an act to incorporate the
Eagle cotton works, in the county of Alle
gheny.
Mr. BOYER, an act changing the boundary
line between Berks and Schuylkill counties.
Mr. BARNSLEY, an act relative to education.
IVir• TAACY,an act relative to recovery of
4amages upon the north , branch of the Wyo
ming cabal.' '
NO. 128.
SENATE
PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING,
SUNDAYS EXCEPTED,
BY 0. BARRETT & CO
PRI DAILY PATRIOT AND UNION will be Served to sub
seribers residing in the Borough for SIX MINTS OAR DERR
pirible to the Carrier. Mail subscribers, POUR DOS.
LAIN PIM 1111171 L
TEN WISELY will be published as heretofore, eeml
weekly during the session of the Legislature, and mos a
week the remainder of the year, for two dotiars in ad
vance, or three dollars at the expiration of the year.
Connected with this establishment is an ORDDIBIYIP
JOB OFFICE, containing a variety of plain ant map
type, unequalled by any establishment in the interior of
the State, for which the patronage of the pablic IS so
licited. . .
Mr. MULLIN, an act relative to the Alle
gheny Mountain health institute.
BILL PASSED
Au act extending the limits of the borough
of Johristowii VIVI, on motion of Mr, MUL
LIN, considered and passed.
Reports of standing committees were re
ceived.
The eearastittee iil the contested election eagle
of Luzerne county returned LEWIS FUGUE
as entitled to the seat.
Mr. DUNCAN offered a resolution appoint:-
ing a special session for this afternoon, to con
sider the resolutions from the Senate rein - the
to the appointment of commissioners to meet
those of Virginia at Washington.
Mr. RIDGWAIr moved to amend by continu
ing the present session until the resolutions
are disposed of.
After considerable debate, it was finally
agreed to hold a special session this evening
for their consideration.
Mr. RIDGWAY moved that the House pros
teed at once to the consideration of the resolu
tions in question which was agreed to.
The resolutions were then read.
COMMITTEE OF TEE wHoLE
The House then resolved itself into commit.
tee of the whole. The first resolution was
read. Mr. HILL moved to strike out certain
words, so as to allow representatives from all
States to attend, instead of only from those
States which still declare their adherence to the
Constitution.
Mr. BALL opposed this. It was then with
drawn for the present, by Mr. HILL. The
first resolution was then agreed to.
To the second resolution, Mr. ROMS
offered an amendment, instructing the Commis
sioners not to accede to any demand on the
part of the southern representatives, by which
slavery will be introduced into any new State
or Territery under the Constitution. He de
fended his amendment, urging the policy of
instructing the Ceraraissionere.
Mr. GORDON held that the resolutions al
ready contained instruction limiting the pow
ers of the commissioners. He declared himself
to be radical on the subject of slavery, and
professed to understand the whole question at
issue.
Mr. WILLIAMS hoped that in such ease the
gentleman would volunteer an explanation.
The amendment of Mr. HOFIUS was with.
drawn.
Mr. ARMSTRONG replied to the point that
it was not advisable to amend the Constitution.
That instrument had already been subjeeted to
sundry amendments. It was dangerous and
unwise to trammel the commissioners with in
structions of a character to embarrass their
action.
Mr. HOFIUS was not opposed to amend
ments to the Constitution at a proper time, but
merely at present.
On motion of Mr, TRACY, the committee
rose, reported progress, and asked leave to sit
again.
The SPEAKER having resumed the Chair,
the House refused to allow the committee to
sit again.
A message was received from the Governor
enclosing the report of the commissioners of
the Western penitentiary.
A message from the Governor announced
that he had signed the following bills
An act relative to the appointment of a
la 0i1y....
An act appointing two notaries public in-
Philad elphin•
An act relative to Fayette county, etc.
A supplement to an act authorizing the com
missioners of Dauphin county to borrow money.
Joint resolutions relative to the tariff, and
providing for the creation of an American flag
on the Capitol. Then adjourned.
GENERAL NEWS.
KEEP PINS OUT OF THE MOUTH.—AS the old
est daughter of Mrs. Lemuel Holman was pre
paring for church on Sunday last, says the
Janesville Republican, she threw back her head,
and asked her mother if her neck was cleat,
and immediately fell down, crying, " A pin, a
pin." She began to choke and grow black,
and struggled as if she must die, while the pin,
which the had held fast in her mouth, Stuck
fast in her windpipe. Drs. Chittenden aad Lane
were summoned, and after a skillful operation,
which lasted three hours, succeeded in opening
the throat and - extracting the dangerous intru
der.
THE VIRGINIA STATE CONVENTION.—The Hon.
William C. Rives has declined the nomination
as a candidate for the Virginia State Congress.
He is opposed to secession Until every other
effort fails to secure the just rights of the
South. William R. Mason is a candidate in
Stafford and King George counties, and James
Barbour and Mr. Stringfellow eandioatea in
Culpepper county. The secessionists of Norfolk
city have nominated James R. Hubard, an ueld
line Whig," and the conservatives have brought
out Gen. George Blow, a Democrat.
FLORENCE Nianmoidos.—ln communicating
intelligence at the “Monthly Concert" in the
Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New
York, the pastor incidentally noticed a letter
which he had just received from the father of
Plot ence Nightingale," wherein it was stated
that this noble woman was still suffering from
the effects of her severe experience in the
military hospital at Scutari,_ but WAS eqtively
engaged in literary efforts. The father remarks
that " even to the last, she will be found pen
in hand."
PENNSYLVANIA POSTOFFICES.- - The posioffide
at Etna, Allegheny county, Pa.,is re- es t ablished,
and J.,mes G. Saint appointed postmaster.—
Theodore 0. Kryder is appointed postmaster at
Neffoille, Lancaster county, vice C. IL g ry 4 o .,
resigned. Isaac It. Browm, postmaster, at
West Earl, Lancaster county, vice Jacob Bus
ser. Jr., resigned.
THE SEIZURE OF REVENUE Currxriao—lt 13
alleged that Secretary Dia has given positive
orders to the commanders of the revenue cut
ters that in case of any efforts to seize them the
officer in command shall resist to the last ex
tremity, and 'when he finds further resiStAnee
unavailable, to run them ashore and blow them
up.
NOT A VERY PLEASANT LOCALITY.--A mis
sionary residing at Karadine, Ceylon, a place
famous for venomous reptiles, says that he has
killed within a short time twenty-six cobra di
capellos and twenty-two pudaran snakes. The
bite of the former is certain death.
DEATH OF AN OLD SOLDIEIL—MajOr M. A.
Bingham, one of the "heroes of San Jacinto,"
died at Houston, Texas, on the 12th inst. The
deceased was a native f Virginia, but Went to
T exas on the eve of the revolution, andfought
through it until the peace,
ANOTHER GONE.—On Wednesday last the
remains of Dr. Chrome If. Frisk, late a car
tain in the second regiment of Pennsylvania
volunteers, who served in Meiico, were in
terred at Daimille, Pa.; with military and mit-
Soul° hum.
Col. Fremont and Thomas Francis Meagher
and wife • were among the passengers its the.
7.7o lr o ar t k t,
Ariel at Now York from Aspinwall. last week.
ait T y h ,. e v r a e la a a r d e a
n t o ;lllB ° , ll 4 ll o r t` ea ' Th in e
t, .
number of Seats is 24188. !IV '