,B,ATEs 0.1? ADVEItTiSING.
tutu lines or less constitute half a square. Ten HON
or more than four, constitute a square.
One an., one day
oos ILOO 44 else wa5k...... I«it
one usonth . 2.00 g i ono month... 4.44
,4 tares month& 3.th-I three maths. 0.0
46 Biz months— . 4.00 nix months. B.or
ei ono . 5.00 " one year.— 10.00
arr• thoorooroo norms inserted in the LOCAL 00Ln/tn. or
Li v e
won jo gs mad 4i:sato, tun . CENTS roe LIKE for aeeb
; a top Co nio alum wand others afirettietegby the peal
k.
noo ta, waned.
r;.• oamberof insertions must be deeignattsloa the
tfertieerne nt.
11=rlarriages and Deaths will be inserted at the lone
r__ tdvertilleMerrre.
Books, itationcri , & E.
l ellooi, BOUIO.--Bchool Directm,
Toscoora, earense, dcbolam and others, in sent oi
School Soolm, School Stationery, & c ., will and a complete
aocortmcnt at S. W. POLLOCK & SON'S BOOK STORE,
lidar k t uagnare, tiarrisburg, comprising iri part the folalow
1114.02118.—MatinSero, 'Parker's, CAW Amon's
apgLLiNti SOOK.S.—HcHuffey's, Cobb's, Webster's,
olvo's, Byerly's. Combry's.
Et ieitsg GRAMM/LBS.—Bullion's,
_Smith's, Wood
bridges, liouteith,s,.Tathilre, Hart's, Wells'.
01 GRINS --tinussbow's, Davenport's,
wi Frost's Wil
llard's, Pinnockhi, tiOidatiliti's and
Gark's-
Buierson'a
ASITIDIRTICIPS.--Greenleara, Stoddard's, ,
pikes, Rose's, Oolbura's, Smith and Doke's, Davis's.
ALGRBRAS.--Greeolenee, Davis's, Day's, Ray's,
Raged ,
DICTIOLVASYS.—WaIk.sis Slohosi, 130 W/,
Worcomees Omaprobensive, Worcester% Primary, Web.
sties Primary, Webster% High School, Webster' Quarto,
Academia.
NATURAL PtiILOSOPRERS.--Cometock'S, Parker's,
firjrt% The above with *groat variety of others Can al
o w/ 'ago, b e &nand at my store_ Also, a oomplate Snort'
men; of School Stationery, embriditig in the Will le a cum.
plate oattlt for school purposes. Any book not in the store.
'roared .tone days notice.
gr Ckmotry ttorchauts sapplied at Wholesale rates.
Au —Joan Baer and Son's Almanac for sale
ai
I. P 01116006 BOOS STORM, Harrisburg.
for wh r olosata and HMO_ mu
JUST RECEIVED
AT
13 (SHEFFER'S BOOKSTORE,
J_DAMAIT TINE 13,h4TES
OZ VARIOUS SIZES AND PRICES,
Which, for beauty and use, cannot be excelled.
1133121181 R THE PLAI3II,
•
SCHBFFER'S BOOKSTORB,
NO, 18 MARXIST STREET. mar 2
B OOS AUCTION.
BEN F. FRENCIX
Will aupply his old Mende and customers with the
following Boobs at Auction prices :
yprAfip Bailread, l 4 leis , eemplete, 4 illustrations
42 4 .
Japao Sipedition, 8 vols., complete, illustrated and
illuminated, 312.
mery's Expedition, 2 vole., complete, illustrated
Illuminated. 810.
Vongreesional Globe, 461 40 per volume.
Waverly Novels, complete, 12 vols., cloth, PO.
111 .. 27 vols., half calf, 434 ; tko.,
Ace. , &a.
All of the above Books I will deliver in Harrisburg
free of (Marge. fiNN F. FRENCH,
278 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.
N B W B 0 0 K 8 1
TNIST ANCNIVIED
"Mit AND SAY," 141 , .61101.62 of "Wide, Wide
World," . 4 Dollars and Cents," &e.
"HISTORY OR SINTHODISM,"by A. Stevens, LL.D.
Morse at SOIINSTRES' BOOK TORE,
No. 18 Marko et.
JUST RECEIVED,
A LAZGN AND SPLENDID ASSORTMENT OP
RICHLY GILT AND ORNAMENTAL
WINDOW CURTAINS,
PAPER BLINDS,
Of no Designs and Colors, for 8 tents,
TISSUE PAPER AND CUT ETV 17 - 4 PER.
Lt ray24l BOUBSTBR'S BOOKSTORE.
WALL PAXII.II 1 WALL PAPER I I
Just received, oar Spring Stock of WALL PAPER,
BORDERS, /ME SCREENS, & c., &c. Itiathelargest
and beat selected assortment in the city, ranging in price
from six (0) cents op to one dollar and aquarter ($1.25.)
AI) we purchase very low for cash, we are prepared to
Ed/ at as low rates, if not lower, ifidit deft be had elm
where. if purchasers will call and examine, we feel
confident that we can please them in respect to price
and quality. K. M POLLOCK & SON,
aP3 Below Jones' House, Market Square.
ETTE R, OAP, NOTE PAPERS,
IA Pens, Holders, Pencils, Envelopes, Sealing Was, of
the best quality, at low prices, direct from the manu
factories, at
mar3o SOHEFFEWS CHEAP BOOKSTORE
TAW BOOKS LAW BOOKS I-A
general assortment of LAW BOOKS, all the State
Reports and Standard Elementary Works, with many of
the old Basilisk Reports, scarce axd rare, together with
a large assortment of second-hand Law Books, at very
low prices, as eke was pries Bookstore of
Market OLLOCK & SON,
issyl Square, Harrisburg.
Allistellancoug.
AN AEtRIVAL OF
'NEW GOODS
APPROPRIATE TO THE SEASON!
AILS LINEN PAPER
FANS: FANS!!
ANOTIDIR AND SPLENDID LOT O!
SPLICED FISHING RODS!
Trent Flies, Gut and Hair Snoods, Grass Lines, Silk
and gain Plaited Lines , and a general assortment of
FISHING T ACKLN!
A GIMP VARIETY OE
WALKING CANES!
Which we will sell as cheap as the cheapest!
Sliver Head Loaded Sword hickory Fancy
Canes! Vanes! Canes! canes: Canes
HEELER'S DIM/ AND FLNOY STORE,
NO. 91 MARILET BTRSNT,
South side, one door east of Fourth street je9.
B. HARRIS
WORKER IN TIN,
SHEET IRON, AND
METALLIC ROOFING,
Bgeond Mreet,below
H Ch A R es ß rs t,
tnu BURG, PA.
le timpani to fill orders for any article in his branch or
business and if not on hand, he will make to order on
shurt notice.
el STA L.l. tiO 0 FLITG, of Tin or Galvanised Iron,
isseetaeily
Also, roe cud Sheet-iron Were, Spouting, &c.
He hopes, by atria attention to the wants of his custo
mers, to merit and receive a generous share of public pat.
er
remise.
livery promise strictly
B. d . HARRIS,
jaz7-clyl Second Street, below Cheetnet.
I 8 Ii if
mACKEREL, (Non. 1, 2 and 3-)
SMAWN, (very superior.)
RNA% (Men and very fine.)
HERRING, (extra large.)
OOD FISH
SMOKED HERRING, (extra Digby.)
SCOTCH HERRING.
SARDINES AND ANCHOVIES.
Of the thaws we have Maeker4 in *hole, half. quarter
mg eighth bbls herring in Whole and hat( bbls.
The entire tot DOW—DIRECT TRAM Tat museum, and
will well them at the lowest market rates.
nepl4 WM. DOCK, Ja., Jc
,CO.
FIIIBLEd, from lib to SIO
1: etren g and bantam* bound, P rint e d on good paper
with ele g ant clear new type, geld at
wenn SOH MVP FIRM Obese nook s +re.
CRANBERRIES! 1--A SPLENDID LOT
Just Mailed by
*die
OR a superior and cheap TABLE or
SALAD OIL go to
SELLIMIS DRUG STORE.
THE Fruit Grower? Handbook—by
Whit lNSl—wtkolasale sadratall at
Nadal 801111WIREW8 Boot:gore.
SPERM CANDLES.--A lame ImPPIY
a.gt, rece i ved by
woe
& CO.
ELLER'S DRUG STORE is the place
to tad the best onottonal or Pats hionosloo.
F I S UN!
WM. DOCK. JR., & CO
WK. DO
\4 .
- • l k
atriot
• •
- 17:7
. 11 111 , 1 1 !
,
Union
VOL. 3.
dual.
TO THE PUBLIC!
JOHN TILL'S
COAL Y A.
BO T 8 13/CO4/ 4 110 OTl."*.E'2 l -1
BELOW PRATT'S ROLLING MILL,
HARRISBURG, PA.,
Where he has constantly on hand
MIENS VALLEY BROKEN, BIN, TOYE AND
NUT COAL
ALSO,
WILKESBARRE STEAMBOAT, BROKEN, STOVE
AND NUT GOAD,
ALL OF THE BEST QUALITY.
It will be delivered to consumers eleani and full
weight warranted.
arrornmarabi fYR MB A CALL FOR VOW
WINTER SUPPLY.
Kr Orders left at my house, in Walnut street, near
Fifth; -or at Brubaker's, North street; J. L. Sped's,
Market graze; Wm. Boetiek's, tenter of Second and
Smith streets, and John Lingle's, Second and Mulberry
streets, will receive prompt attention.
jy13416m JOHN TILL.
COAL! COLALII
ONLY YARD IN TOWN THAT DELIVERS
COAL BY THE
P A TENT W SIGH CARTS!
NOW IS TIIS TIME
For every family to get in their supply of Coal for the
winter—weighed at their door by the Patent Weigh
Carts. The euturgey of Mug Carts no one disputes. and
they never get out of order, u is frequently the case of
the Platform Scales; besides, tlxio consumer hen the
satisfaction of proving the, weiglo of his 041.01. tis
own house.
I have a large supply of Coal on hand, 60 , ....11t 4 14 of
8. M. CO.'S LYICENS VALLEY COAL all dun,
LYKENS VALLEY do " "
WILKESBARRE do. •
BITUMINOUS BROAD TOP do,
All Coal of the beat quality mined, and delivered free
from all impuritiea, at the lowest rates, by the boat or
ear lead, single, half ar third of tons, and by the bushel.
JAMES M. WaBSLSII.
Harrisburg, September 24, 11160.—5ep25
P TOWN!
U _
PATENT WRISH CARTS.
For the convenience of my numerous up town custom
ers, I have established, in connection with my old yard,
a Branch Coal Yard opposite North street, in a line with
the Pennsylvania canal, bavingthe office formerly occu
pied by Mr_ R. Harris, where ootanatiere Of OW in that
vicinity and Verbeketewn can receive their Coal by the
PATENT WEIGH ()ARTS,
WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE FOR HAULING,
And in any quantity they may desire, as low as can be
purchased anywhere.
FIVE THOUSAND niNs COAL ON HAND,
Of LYHICNB VALLEY and Wiliiiii3BASME, all eirroi.
113" Wilting to maintain fair prices, but unwilling
to be undersold by any partses.
All Coal forked up and delivered clean and free
from all impurities, and the best article mined.
Orders received at either Yard will be promptly filled,
ad all Coal delivered by the Patent Weigh Carts,
Coal sold by Boat, Car load, single, half or third of
tons, and by the bushel.
.71121355 BIL
Harrisburg, October 13, 186J.--octlb
EYKENS VALLEY NUT COAL-
For Sale AT TWO DOLLARS PZR TON.
jEr AU Caddo/Awed by PATENT
ES WE.TGH
HE CARTS
JAM M. WELER
11J" Coaldelivered from both yards. nol7
JLlelital.
HEL MBOLIY.3 • HELMBOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S HELMBOLD'S
KLAIIIOLIAS HELMBOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S HELM MILD'S
II EL MIVIILD , S HELMBOLD'S
HELMBOLD'S HELMBOLD'S
lIJELMISOLD'S H EL MBOLDII
Extract Batas, Istvan linehn,
Extratt Raclin, Extract Bachn,
Extract 'Machu, Extract enehn,
Extract Bach% Extract Bodin,
Ext act Buchn, Extract Becht',
Extract Bowel, Extract Mahn,
Extract Dacha, Extract Raclin,
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE PISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
kOtt SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
FOR SECRET AND DELICATE DISORDERS.
A Positive and Speeifie Reedy.
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and Specific Itmedy•
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and SpPeific Remedy.
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
A Positive and Specific Remedy.
FOR MUSSES OF TEE
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
L,AP.DER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY'
BLADDER, GRAVEL, KIDNEYS, DROPSY,
ORGANIC WEAKNESS,
ORGANIC WE sENKSS,
ORGANIC WEAKNESS,
ORGANIC WEARNEOB,
ORGA i'o WAIMEA!,
ORGANIC W EARNERS,
And all Diseases of Sexual. Organs,
And ail Diseases of Sexual (organs,
And ail Diseases of Sexual Organs,
ANA all Diseases of Emma/ o,gans,
And all Diseases of Sexual Organs,
And all Diseases of Scesai Organs,
ARISING FROM
Excesses, Exposures, and Impradencies in Lire.
Excesses, Exposures, and Imprudenmen in Life.
Excesses, Exposure=, and linprudenoies in Life.
Excesses, Exposures, and Imprudenciea in Life.
P a g e esses, Exposited!, and Imprudeneiss in Life.
Excesses, Exposures, and Iroprusencies in Life.
From whatever cat:lnoriginating t sndwhether existing in
MALE OR Ffif AMC
Females, take no more Pills ! They are of no avail for
Complaiata incident to the oto. VOt
EXTRACT BIICIIII.
1101mboWs Extract huelin ia a Medicine which is per
reotly pleasant in its
TASTE AND ODOR,
Bat immediate in its action, giving Health and Vigor to
the Frame, BLOOM to the Pallid Cheek, and restoring the
patient to a perfect state of
RRALTH AND PURITY.
Helmbcid'a Bxtract Brume: u prepared according to
Pharmacy and Cdemiatry, and is pm - trribed and need by
THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS.
Delay no longer. Procure tee remedy lit once
Pik. $1 ir . r bottle, or six far las_
D,.pot 104 Booth Tenth street, Philadelphia.
BEWARE OF UNPSINUIPLED DEALERS
Trying to palm off their own or other articles of BUM:DJ
on the reputation attained by
BELMIJOIAD'a =MDT /MOM
The Oainitial and only Genuine.
We dears to run on the
MERIT OP OUR ARTICLE!
ThAir'S to wrthleae —iaeold at much Iva rates and corn
minions, conseqnently paying a much better profit.
WM MEIJI" CO tekTITION
Ask for
ELMBOLD'EI EXTRACT BUORII.
Take no other.
Sold by JOUR WYETH, Druggist, corner of Market and
Second streets, Harrisburg,
AND ALI, DRUGGISTS EVERYwasitz t
nog dtradm.
EXTRACTS! EXTRACTS!!
WOODEIWORTH & BIINNEL'ES
EV.PBA/OR rzAroBING EXTIt4CTS
MUM ALMOND,
NDOTADINB,
PINE APLE,
ATRAWDERRY,
MOS_
LXMON ADD
VANILLA,
Twit received and for isle by
'SW M. DOCK, Js., & CO.
HARE SBURG, PA., FRIDAY, JANUARY is, 1861.
rt* atriot. Union.
FRIDAY MORNING, JAN. 18, 1661.
THE NATIONAL CRISIS.
CIVIL WAR.
[From the Baltimore American.]
Except through the medium of books and
newspapers, war is unknown to the present
generation of Americana. There nre some
veterans of the war of 1812, who still live, who
" shoulder the crutch and show how fields are
won," but their voices, with few exceptions,
are for peace, as are the voices of all men who
have experienced the stern rt alitics of battle.
Glorious as the last war with great Britian was,
its warmest advocates threw up their hats,
illuminated their houses, and shouted hosan
nas when peace SW procbdulvd, Yet, even
in that struggle, the horrors of wsr were only
brought home to scattered localities upon our
extended line of coast.. It is only in the war
of the American Revolution apt we can find
as accurate type of the universal distresses,
dangers, and horrors, to all sections and all
classes, of such a catastrophe as that which
would almost inevitably follow a disruption of
the American Union.
Qf all wars, none is so horrible ; unnatural,
unmerciful, as civil war. A civil war in the
United States would not only array section
against section, but neighborhood against
neighborhood, and brother against brother.—
Nearly a million of natives of the Northern
States have settled and intermarried in the
South, and as many more from the South in
the North In such a war we should have near
relations arrayed against each other and shed
ding each others' blood. In the South there
would probably tie not only civil but servile
war. A man's foes would be literally and in
every sense those of his own household. All
the great interests of the country would receive
a shock from which they_ W9lthl not recover
for a quzrter of a century. It is not likely
that at the end of the conflict either party
would secure any permanent advantage over
the other. If, however, our madeaps are imper
sugdably bent on the work of destruction, let
us suggest to them a programme which will
accomplish all the results of war, and diminish
some of its inconveniences, expenses and
hazards. In the first place, let New England,
instead of raising an army for the subjugation
of the South (which, whether successful or
defeated, will only alienate from her her best
customers,) apply the torch to all her factories
and scuttle all her coasting vessels'. Let New
York open a lively fire from the battery upon
all her shipping in the bay and bombard the
magnificent storehouses and private residences
of her merchant princes. This will save the
first tram falling into the hands of privateers,
and the last from being demolished by an en
terprising enemy, or, at best, becoming grass
grown ruins. Let the Southern seaports fill
up the channels of their own harbors, as
Charleston is already doing, so as to dap, lee
the South of those natural advantages for be
coming a commercial people which they now pos
sess. Let the cotton planters make a vast bon
fire of the cotton crop, which might as well be
destroyed as be deprived of ts market by the
beleaguering fleets of an active enemy. The
railroads which the Stateerhairei - built With
such energy and liberality might also be bro
ken and burned in all localities where they
might be taken advantage of by an enemy,
including the massive and costly bridges which
now span rivers and streams between and near
the borders. A few State capitals should be
carefully ecnintitted to the flames, and the new
Federal Capitol, the White House, the Patent
Office and the other splendid public buildings
of Washington, be judiciously and cautiously
blown up, so as to injure the population and
private property of the city as little as possi
ble. A calculation, based on the statistics of
loss of life in the American Revolution, and
having reference of course to the vast increase
of population, might then be formed, and,
instead of devoting the same number to the
fatigues of long marches, the unscientific
butchery of soldiers, and a grave in a distant
land, each township, city, county, Ste., should
be permitted to have its quota put to death at
home by experienced executioners, who might
be allowed to administer ether to the devoted
heroes and put them out of their pain as spee
dily as possible. In like manner the list of
wounded might be " done for" by skillful sur
geons, who could take off an arm or a leg with
less danger to life and more chance of repair
ing the damage than by the bungling opera
tions of the battle-field, thus subserving at
once the interests of science and the cause of
.humanity.
The enormous cost of such a bloody and
protracted struggle as a war between the two
sections must inevitably be conjectured by the
data afforded by other wan 14 America and
Europe, and the amount, having been wrung
from the people y the heaviest taxation and
suffering, be placed on board some huge vessel
like the Great Eastern, which should be at once
navigated to the middle of the Atlantic and
scuttled and sunk to the bottom of the ocean.
There can be no doubt that the treasure ex
pended in carrying on a war between the
Northern and Southern States would build the
PagifiC Itailreltd, construct a James River and
Kanawha ship canal to the Ohio, complete all
the railroads in the Uni.ed States, provide the
means of education for all the children in the
land, drain all the marshes and swamps and
x'eclaim all the exhausted lend of the whole
country, explore and work all the mineral veins
of the continent, and increase all manner of
production. circulation and wealth an hundred
fold. Wring from the capital and lahorof this
country a sum sufficient to accomplish all
these grand creative works, melt them down in
solid bars of gold and silver, and sink them
all in the deep, deep sea, and you have all that
the expenditures of civil war will accomplish.
And this is the entertainment to which the
American people are now invited! Can the
human mind conceive a deeper abyss of ruin,
or a more gigantic exploit of human folly ?
THE GREAT ISSUE AND THE CUOICE-SEPARA
TION OR WAR
From the Albany Argus and Atlas of Saturday.
The sectionll doctrines of the Republican
party have—nB Main men have foreseen—
at least brought us to the verge of civil war.—
Indeed, war has already commenced. Four
States have formally separated from the Con
federacy and declared themselves independent
of the Federal Union and are in the attitude of
supporting their position by arms. The Re
publican leaders adhere to their partizan and
sectionai dogmas and utterly refuse to do any
thing to arrest this impending danger and
restore peace to the country. The present
Congress will do nothing and before its term
expires on the 4th of March, thirteen or fourteen
of the slave States will have established a sepa
rate government, which they will sustain itt
the hazard of fortune end life. We shall be
confronted with the stern issue of peaceable,
voluntary separation, or of civil war. We shall
be compelled to bid a sad farewell to the
brethren with whom we have so long dwelt in
liberty and happiness and divide with them the
inheritance of our fathers—or to undertake, by
all the terrors and horrors of war, to oompel
them to continue in union w•th um. We mu;
separate from them peaceably, and each seek
happiness and prosperity in our own way—or
we must conquer them and hold them as sub
panted provinces, rellovr citizens, of all
parties and of what coot' past views, which
course do you prefer? Shall it be peaceable
separation or civil war?
If such be the issue—and none Can now
deny it—before choosing war, it will be well to
reflect whether it will effect the desired object
of preserving the Union of these States? With
thirteen or fourteen States banded together
and fighting with as much pertin lefty as out•
fathers of the thirteen colonies, for what day
deem their rights and liberties, the war must
be a deadly and protracted one. We do nor
doubt that the superior numbers and resources
of the Northern States might prevail, We
might defeat them in battle, overrun their
country, and capture and sack and burn their
cities, and carry terror and desolation, by fire
and sword, over their several States , . We might
ruin the commerce and industry of the country,
North and South, sweep- the-wlrole-land—With
the besom of war, and cause the nation to re
sound with the groans of widows and orphans;
all this we might do, and through it all, pos.
Shay, be able to lima of the triumph of the
Federal arms, and to see the stars and stripes
wave over every battle field and every smoking
city.
But would peace thereby be restored ? Would
the Union be thus preserved ? Would these
conquered States quietly assume their old
places in the Confederacy ? Would they send
Representatives to Congress, take part in the
Presidential elections, and perform their func
tions as loyal members of the Union ? Would
they be anything but conquered States, held
in subjection by military restraint ? No—peace
and concord between these States cannot be
readied through the medium of war. The
probable result of a long and deadly struggle
would be a treaty of . peace, agreeing to a di
vision. War is necessarily disunion and divis
ion, and we prefer division without war—if it
must come. By a peaceable separation the
enmities of the two sections will not be inflamed
beyond all possible hope of reconciliation and
reconstruction, but war will be eternal hos
tility and division. Let the people of this
country pause before they draw the sword and
plunge into a fratricidal strife-,
We repeat—if disunioh must come, , .let it
come without war. Peaceable separatioh is a
great calamity r —but dissolution, with the en
peradded horrors of internal war, including the
ruin of business, the destruction of property,
oppressive debt, grinding taxation and sacri
fice of millions of lives, is a scourge from which.
let us pray, that a merciful Providence may
protect us.
If the present Congress, and the political
leaders in it, who have brought the country
into this danger, have not the patriotism to
adopt Meatigres for the restoration of peace,
better than plunge the nation into civil war,
let them propose Constitutional amendments,
which will enable the people to pass upon the
question of a voluntary and peaceful separa
tion. Then, at least, the hope will remain that
the people may in good time discard their fa
natical political leaders and apply themselves
to the re-construction and renovation of the
Constitution and the Union.
WHdT TIIRY SAY OF 178 IN CANADA
Varela the Toronto Leader of Friday.]
We believe there is not a living Englishmen
who does not desire to see the United States
unit. d indeed in name, happy and prosperous,
For after all there is our langtr.ge-- there is
our race—our tone of thought; we may almost
say a second home.
It is true t hat the people do not owe our flag
allrgianee, but it gotta once theirs; and they
look with pride on its broad banner, and in a
crisis would not see it overwhelmed. They
separated from its folds,
resenting injustice and
tyranny, which a weak and obstinate monarch
would have delighted to have imposed nearer
home In that. quarrel they carried with them
the intellect and patriotism of England, saving
that selfish and mean Court circle, joined to a
venal and interested Parliamentary majority
not representing England,who prostrated them
selves before an ignorant monarch, whose natu
rally mean mind a depressing and injudicious
education had even contracted. We ask any
student of history if one character stands out
in worse colors than that of Lord North; a
man whose compliance with royalty was one
constant war with his convictions? The quarrel
indeed was literally forced upon the colonists,
and they conquered ; for English public opin
ion seemed to have paralyzed even the proceed
ings of the military commanders. The seven
years' war was one series of blunders and want
of combination. The grave has long closed
over the arms used in the contest, we hope
never to be disinterred; and the subdued turn
of thought in the English newspapers of to-day
must show the Americans there is but one
feeling—that of sadness—at the present issue.
To angry men there is bat little to be said ;
and when passion hurries us along, we give
no thought to danger, or to ruin. There rises
up the stern view that the emergency is su
preme, and hence no alternative is admitted.
But wa could never precisely understand why
South Carolina wants to go out of the Union.
Perhaps in the shape or having to pay aheavy
tariff to support northern manufacturers, there
may he ground of complaint.; but there has
be e n no specification of grievances. On the
contrary, all that has been uttered is vague
declam .tion. The opinion of the English jour
nalist, that the South Carolina politicians car
ried out the view of secession from the fact that.
they had threatened it, in our judgment, hits
the target in the bull's eye. The truth is, that
there is no grievance but admits of adjustment:.
The mischief, however, is that South Carolina
is not. alone. Were she so, the policy would
be to give her her nationality. Nationality !
to three hundred thousand whites and four
hundred thousand negroes! How could such
an anomaly exist? In a year, the State would
ask again for admis.iou to the Union. But
this State carries the South with it; and hence
the difficulty. But. be the result what it may,
the English journalist—lmperial anti Provin
cial—has at least this consolation—t hat in no
way has he aided to light the torch or to fan
the flame ; rather he tried to sooth irritation
and to suggest reflection ; to show that great
interests were ill-weighed by passion; that
forbearance mays its costs, and that in this
great instance, prudence and sense, could yet
compose this quarrel.
MORE MODERATE COUNSELS AMONG TUE SECES
BION LEADERS—VIRGINIA TO MEDIATE BE
TWEEN THE NOTBH AND SJUTH vOE TILE SET
TLEDItNE OF THE rizintria uIPIFICULTIRs.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 16.—Colonel !Jayne, COM
missioner for South Carolina, has, it is under
stood, moderated his views since his arrival
berm He will remain here several days y et.
.
The opinion is almost unanimous in secess ion
circles, that all collision for the present should
be studiously. avoided. He has been daily
counselling with the leaders of the secession
movement, who are opposed to precipitating
hostilities.
It is believed that a strong representation has
within two days past, been urging the authori
ties of South Carolina to afford Major Ander
son every facility for obtaining marketing and
other domestic supplies.
A plan is now before the Committee on Fede-
ea Relations of the House of Delegates of
Richmond, which is regarded with much in
terest in political circles here. The idea
emanated with Mr. Pryor, of the Federal House
of Representatives, and has received the cordial
endorsement of Crittenden, Dougla,.., Dreckin
ridge, Wm. C. Rives and other distinguished
gentlemen, embracing all shades of Southern
and conservative opinion. The plan is a series
of resolutions proposing—
First. That there must be some definite and
conclusive settlement of the slavery question
between the two sections of the country, or a
separation wili be inevitable.
Second. Proposing that the Ctittendan eom.
promise as amended by Senator Douglas, as a
basis For a fair and honorable adjustment, and
the least Virginia feels she could take as a
eetgarient,
Third. The appointment of a Commissioner
to each of the States of the Union representing
the action of Virginia, and inviting a response
to this measure of conciliation.
Fuustli. A stroll V•
e 4 titinent to its man and avoid all acts
which may lead to a collision pending the
mediation of Virginia.
Fifth. An appeal to the seceding States to
preserve the existing states ; and also to ab
stain from all acts - which may precipitate a
collision.
A dispatch received from a distinguished
source in Virginia, received here to day, says
there is little, if any, doubt, that the above
plan will pass both Houses of the Legislature
of that State. Similar movements will at once
be made in the Legislatures of Missouri, North
Carolina, •Tennessee and Kentucky, arrange
ments being now in progress for that purpose.
The Crittenden proposition will probably
come up in the Senate to-morrow on a motion
to reconsider the action to-day.
ABOLITION OF SERFAGE IN RUSSIA.
From the Journal of Commerce
January 13th was a great day in Russia. It
was New Year's Day in that country, where
the Old Style still continues, which occasions a
difference of twelve days. On that day the
law emancipating the serfs went into effect.—
To-flay it may be said, in a general sense, sla
very, or that species of it which has been called
Wage, Wine not in Russia. This is certainly
the most rcsairkAble event of the year via
thug far..
This itripptant measure began to be agitated
in the Autumn of 1837. For three years it has
engrossed public attention in Russia almost to
the exclusion of everything else. Nor need
we wonder, for Witt by far the most important
step which the government of the Empire has
taken for eevertteenturies.
Serfage in Rueisia began a long time ago. In
some parts, it may - be traced to the conquest of
the country by the "Northmen." in the ninth
century,—Rurie and his followers. It was the
uniform practice of those Northern: conquerors
to reduce the people whom they subdued to the
condition of serfs, or rather absolute slaves.
In a portion of Russia, serfage dates from the
invasion and conquest by the Tartars in the
lath and 14h centuries. In eorae parts of the
empire, the people were reduced to the condi
tion of serfs for the crime of rebellion against
the Czar.
Serfage has been greatly modified in Russia,
as civilization has advanced. Even before the
accession of the Bement:Mato the throne (1613),
there were Czars of the Runic line, who desired
to emancipate the aerie, or modify their condi
tion and relations; but they accomplished
nothing radical.
The late Emperor Alexander 1., succeeded in
introducing the emancipation of the serfs in
the three Baltic Provinces—Eathonia, L verde,
end Courlaud—which wee brought about by a
gradual process. In three successive periods
of ten years the work was accomplished. The
consummation occurred in the early part of
the reign of his brother Nicholas, about the
year 1830, or a little later.
Nicholas wished to follow up what Alexander
had commenced, and had actually purposed to
emancipate all the serfs. He even issued a
ukase that went far in that direction—so far
that he immediately had to issue a second, to
annul the first. He did not give the matter
up ; but issued a third ukase in which he re
commended to the proprietors of serfs to liberate
them gradually—to sell to those of their serfs
who were farmers the lands which they were
cultivating, (which might be 50, 80 or 100
acres,) on reasonab'e terms, and allow them
several years in which to pay for them. And
the consequence has been that, for nearly
twenty years, there have been found nobles
who have followed the imperial counsels. The
late Mr. Rhumin emancipated 7,000 serfs, and
realized a large sum of money, which enabled
him to live like a prince at St. Petersburg,
where he lives still, or did some three years
ago. Nicholas certainly was intimidated by
the nobles. He told Prince Repnin of his pro
ject atieut the year 1837 or 1838. The prince
told him it was prentaivre and dangerous; that
the serfs were not fit for emancipation. - I
know it," said Nicholas. " This ought to be
done by my son ; but I foresee that he will not
have the energy to do it ; but God has given
me the energy, and I will do it, let it cost what
it may." But he did it not. It was well.—
Nicholas was a man of iron will, and could
brook no interference in anything he attempted.
But what. Nicholas could not do, his sou
Alexander IL, has done. It has been no easy
task, but it was wisely planned, and has been
prudently, kindly, but firmly executed.
The scheme required time. First, a period
of a year or two was assigned in which the
nobles might arrange with their serfs in regard
to the terms. Next, there was a period in
which the Imperial government might interpose
as an umpire or mediator, in eases where the
partied obald net agree. These two periode are
over and gone. And now the third period
commences, which, it was originally proposed
should be twelve years, but. was, we believe,
shortened to six or eight, during which the
emancipated people should remain where they
were—that is, they are not allowed to quit
suddenly the estat. s on which they live and
roam over the country. They must remain,
and by their industry, pay for the lends or
houses, or both, which their former masters
have sold to them. Many of the serfs are
farmers—most of them indeed—but many are
mechanics, and in that case their masters have
allowed them the use of -houses and lots of
ground (if married) and permitted them to go
(with a passport) where they pleased to pursue
their trades, subject, however, to recall at any
time. Such men paid their proprietors such a
portion of their wages as had been agreed upon.
Some of the serfs even become petty traders.
Some succeed in purchasing their freedom and
that of their families, and settine up for them
selves became owners of lands and other pro
perty; and in some cases became rich. The
amount of money which the serfs in some parts
of Russia have laid up in banks for savings,
in associations of beneficence, and institutions
securing annuities, or provision for old age and
for sickness, is much greater than foreigners
that know little of that country would suppose.
There have been instances of the serfs of a
large estate that bad to be sold on the death of
the proprietor sending to a distant nobleman
of good reputation and requestin him to come
and buy it. And if he said be bad not the
PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING,
SUNDAYS zugnzp,
6 Y 0. BARRETT & CO.
rim DAILY Pt TUIOT Lan Union will be served to mb
ori ben residing in the Borough tor SIX oRNTEI run smut
parible to the Carrier. Hail rabscribers, rout BO&
Lin NIX 1.11117 X.
Trim diresum will be published as heretofore, semi
weekly during the session of the Legislature, and once a
reek the remainder of the year, for two dollars in ad
/HMCO, or three dollars at the expiration of the year.
Connected with this eetablisinnent is an extensive
108 011108, containing a variety Of plsfin and fancy
type, unequalled by any eitabliehment in the Interior of
the State, for which the patronage of the public Is so.
Hsi ted.
MB
money wherewith to do so, they have told him
that they would lend him the sum he needed,
to be returned with interest when he was able
to do it.
In regard to the number of serfs in Russia,
there seems to be a great diversity of statement.
Inan article in the Westminster Review for Oc
tober last, the number is put down at 22,000,-
000. Some of our American papers place it at
20,000,000. The Westminster, however, only
speaks of the serfs of the nobles; it does not
give, we believe, the number of those that be
long to the Czar, or Crown, as we should say.
In 1640 the :e Stood thus z—we give the
figures bboles ef the "Minister
of the Publie; ~.k. °426b 0 0 serfs be
longed to the- , 1314 1 and tither. proprietors;
1,600,000 belonged") the estates assigned by
the Emppr men4rs of the imperial family,
and 20, t_ 1;41'61110d to the Crown—making
a total ,forty-eight millions of men, women.
and ch dren in their various classes of serfs.
We ou , to state, however, that the serfs that
- iffrTtrlttlit, (fitio were in all
21,00,000 in reality,) were rather "Cr6llll
Peasants," than ordinary "serfs." They were
proud of that relation, and considered them
selves much better off than the common serfs;
and so they were. They were sometimes op
pressed by the "officials, whose duly it was to
superintend them, and collect the taxes which
they had to pny to the Government; for we
believe, tbey invariably, whether cultivators
of the ground and living on the publie domains,
or mechanics, paid their wages in money, whilst
most of Vie "serfs" who were farmers paid
their proprietors in "kind," as we say ; that is,
a certain portion of the wheat, rye, potatoes,
peas, hemp, &0., which they raised.
We regret that the want of space forbids our
going further into this subject; we, therefore,
dismiss it for the present.
A SATIBICAL SKISIGIE AT WASII/N0T024
CiITX-
Its Wonders and Inconsistencies.—The Atlantis
Monthly, for January, has a humorous and sa
tirical article on Washington, which closes in
this wise :
The list of the unique prodigies of Washing
ton is without limit. But marvels heaped to
gether cease to be marvelous, and of all places
in the world, a museum is the most tiresome..
So, amid the whirl and roar of winter life ill
Washington, when one has no time to read,
write or think, and scarcely time to eat,, drink
and sleep, when the days fly like hours, and
the brain reels under the excitement of the
protracted debauch, life becomes an intolerable
bore. Yet the place has an intense fascination
for those who suffer most acutely from the te
dium eace, to which every one is more or less a
prey ; and men and women Veto have lived in
Washington are seldom contented elsewhere.—
The moths return to , the flaming candle until
they are consumed.
In conclusion, it must be admitted that Wash
ington is the elyeium Of oddities, the. limbo of
absurdities, an embroglio of ludicrous anoma
lies. Planned on a scale of surpassing gran
deur, its architectural execution is almost con
temihible. Blessed with the name of the pu
rest of men, it has the reputation of Sodom.—
The seat of the law-making power, it is the
centre of violence and disorder, which disturb
the peace and harmony of the whole Republic
—the chosen resort for duelling, clandestine
marriages, and the most stupendous thefts.
It is a oity without commerce and without
manufactures; or, rather, its commerce is illicit,
and its manufacturers are newspaper corres
pondents, who ireivit tissues of fiction out of
the warp of rumor and the web of prevarica
tion. The site of the United States Treasury,
it is the home of everything but affluence. Its
public buildings are splendid, its private dwel
lings generally squalid. The 'houses are low,
the rents high ; the streets are broad, the cros
sings narrow; the hacks are black, the horses
white; the squares are triangles, except that
of the capitol, which is oval; anti water is
so soft that it is hard to drink it, even with the
admixture of alcohol.
It has a monument that will never be finished,
a capitol that is to have a dome, a scentific in
stitute which does nothing but report the rise
and fall of the thermometer, and two pieces of
equestrian statuary which it would be a waste
of time to criticise. It boasts a etreamlet dig
nified with the name of the river Tiber, and
this etreatulet is of the size and mneh the ap
pearance of a vein in a dirty man's arm. It
has a canal, but the canal is a mud-puddle
during one half of the day, and an empty ditch
during the other.
In spite of the labors of the Smithsonian
Institute, it has no particular weather. It has
the climates of all parts of the habitable globe.
It rains, hails, snows, blows, freezes and melts
in Washington, all in the space of twenty-four
hours. After a fortnight of Steady rain, the
sun shines out, and in half an hour the streets
are filled with clouds of dust.
Property in Washington is exceedingly sen
sitive, the people alarmingly callous. The men
are fine•lookin,r ; the women homely. The
latter have plain faces, but magnificent busts
and graceful figures. The former have an
imposing presence and an empty pocket, s
great name and_a small conscience. Notwith
standing all these impediments and disadvanta.
gee, Washington is progressing rapidly. It is
fast becoming a large city, but it must always
remain a deserted village in the summer. Its
destiny is that of the Union. It will be the
greatest capitol the world ever saw, or it will
be a •parched place in the wilderness, a salt
land and not inhabited," and " every one that
pesseth thereby shall be astonished and wag
his head."
CLEANING PIGS' HEADS AND FEET.—A corms
pondent of the Prairie Farmer says : Permit me.
to send you a receipt for cleaning pigs' heads.
and fart, Whidi I hams nova seen in print, and,
have proved to be an excellent one ; saving at
least half the time usually occupied intleaning
them, and performing the work in a more per
fect manner.
Chop off the snout from the head, and divide
it into four equal pieces, atter cutting off the
cheeks to salt, saving them to bake with beans;
wash all thoroughly, and put into a suitable
vessel, covering them with water in which a
little salt has been disolved, merely sufficient
to draw out the blood ; let them soak two days,
changing the water each day. The third day
take them from the water, scrape them well but
without attempting to remove the bristles ; it
they do not seem pretty dry after scraping,
wipe the skin side; then light a spirit lamp,
(I mean simply a fluid lamp, with alebhol in it,)
and singe off the bristles in the flame will
take them off so completely, leaving them white
and smooth after a alight scraping, that you will
not be able to find even a vestige of them.
The economical Marquis of Westminster has
a park at Eton Hall ten miles in length, nearly
all the villages bordering upon it being his
property. Hi 3 income is some $3,000,000 a
year. Recently, while riding in the park, he
missed a button from his coat. He instantly
dismounted, and retraced his course for some
diatance, till at length be was able to announce,
with expressions of the liveliest satisfaction,.
his discovery of the missing article.
The Bank of Kentucky has made a doeatlon,
of 00(1 fur the relief of the poor 4.4,eolvilie.