....ry to this treaty, for the adjustment and
saiistaction of the claims of our citizens on
(him, referred to in my last Annual Message,
he been already carried into effect, so far as
113
:Tzis was moticable. _
' Under $lll9 convention the sum of 900,000
:aels, equal to obout_z7ls7oo,ooo, W 315 stipulate}!
to be paid in satisfaction of the claims of Amen
can citizens, out of the one-fifth of the receiPEE
for tonnage import, and export duties on Ameri
can vessels at. the ports of Canton, Shanghee,
Bnd ‘ Fuchnu; and it was “agreed that this
amount shall be in full liquidation of all claims
of American citizens at the various ports to
this date.” Debentures for this amount to wit:
£OO,OOO taels for Canton, 100,000 for,Shanghne,
and 100,000 for Fuchau—werc delivered ac
cording to the terms of the convention by the
respectivo Chinese collectors of the customs of
:hese ports to the agent. selected by our miniS
=er to receive the same.
Since that time the claims of our citizens have
“teen adjusted by the board of commissioners ap
pointed far that purpose under the not of March 3,
1359, and their awards, which proved satisfactory
to the claimants, have been approved by our min
ister. In the aggregate they amount to the sum of
$493,604 78. The claimants have already received
a large proportion of the sums awarded to thermout
of the fund provided, and it ieconfidently expected
:hat the remainder will are long be entirely paid.
After the awards shall have been satisfied, there
will remain n surplus of more than $2OO 000. at the
disposition of Congress. As this will in equity he
long to the Chinese government, would not Justice
require its appropriation to some benevolent obJeet ‘
in which the Chinese may be specially interested?
Our minister to China, in obedience to his in
structions, has remained perfectly neutral in the 1
war between Great Britain and France and the 1
Chinese empire; although, in conjunction with the ‘
Russian minister, he was ever ready and willing,
had the opportunity otter-ed, to employ his good
offices in restoring peace botween the parties. It
is but an act of simple justice, both to our present
minister and his predecessor, to state, that they
have proved fully equal to the delicate, trying and
responsible positions in which they have on dilfer
er: occasions been placed. ‘
J Arm .
The ratification of the treaty with Japan
.teoncluded at Yedo, on the 29th of July, 1859,
were exchanged at Washington on the 22d May
East, and the treaty itself was proclaimed bn
file succeeding day. There is good reason to
expect that, under its protection and influence,
aur trade and intercourse with that distant. and
interestingpeonl'e will rapidly increase.
The retifiaations of the treaty were ex
changed with unusual solemnity. For this
gyurpese the Tycoon had accredited three of his
most distinguished subjects as envoys extraor
dinary and ministers plenipotcntiary, who were
received and treated with marked distinction
and kindnesss both by the Government and
people of the United States. There is every
reason to believe thatvthey have returned to
their native land entirely satisfied with their
visit, and inspired by the most friendly feelings
for our country. Let us ardently hope, in the
ianguage of the treaty itself, that “there shall
henceforth be perpetual peace and friendship
'te‘tWeen the United States of America. and his
Majesty the Tycoon of Japan and his succes
ears.
BRAZIL
With the wise, conservative and liberal gov
arnment of the empire of Brazil our relations
:ogtinuc to be of the most. amicable chamm
‘nEl‘.
NEW G RANADA
The exchange of the ratifications of the con
vention with the republic of New Granada,
signed at Washington on the 10th September,
18:37, has been long delayed from accidental
causes, for which neither party is censurable.
These ratifications were duly exchanged in
ibis city on the sth of November last. Thus
has a controversy been amicably terminated
which had become so serious at the period of
my .ineurumtion, as to require me, on the 17th
April, 1857, to direct. our minister to demand
his passports and return to the United States.
Under this convention the government of
New Granada has specially acknowledged itself
to be responsible to our citizens “for damages
which weré caused by the riot at Panama 011
‘uhe 15th April, 1856.” These claims, together
with other claims of our citizens which had
been long urged in vain, are referred for ad
justment to a. board of commissioners. I sub
mit a copy of the convention to Congress, and
recommend the legislation necessary to carry
it into efi‘ect.
COSTA RICA AND NICARAGUA.
Persevering efforts have been made for the
adjustment. of the claims of American citizens
against the government. of Costa Rica, and I
am happy to inform you that these have finally
erevailed. A convention was signed at the
city of San Jose, on the 2d of July last, he
zween the minister resident of the United
States in Costa. Rica and the plenipotentiaries of
that. republic, referring these claims to a. Board
of Commissioners, and providing for the pay
ment. of their awards. This convention will
be submitted immediately to the Senate for
:heir constitutional action.
The claims of our citizens upon the republic
of Nicaragua have not yet. been provided for
by treaty, although ’ diligent. efforts for this
purpose have been made by our minister resi
dent to that. republic. These are still contin
ued, with a. fair prospect of auccess.
31 B!“ CD
Our relations with Mexico remain in a most on
satisfactory condition. In my last two. annual
messages I discussed extensivoly the subject of
these relations, and do not now propose to repeat
at length the facts and arguments then presented.
They proved conclusively that our citizens residing
in Mexico, and our merchants trading thereto, had
sufl'ered a series of wrongs and outrages such as we
have never patiently borne from any other nation.
For these our successive ministers, invoking the
faith of treaties, had. in the name of their coun—
try, p -rsistently demanded redress and indemnifi
cation, but without the slightest effect. Indeed,so
confident had the Mexican authorities become of
our patient endurance, that they universally be
lieved they might commit these outrages upon
American citizens with absolute impunity. Thus
wrote our minister in 1856, and expressed the
opinion that “ nothing but a manifestation of the
power of the Government, and of its purpose to
punish these wrongs, will avail.”
Afterwards, in 1857., came the adoption of a.
new constitution for Mexico, the election of a
President and Congress under its provisions,
and the inauguration of the President. Within
one short month, however, this President was
expelled from the capital by a. rebellion in the
army, and the supreme power of the republic
was assigned to General Zuloega. This usurper
was inhis turn soon compelled to retire and
give place to General Mir-amen.
Under the constitution which had thus been
fidopted, Senor Juarez, as chief justice of the
bupreme Court, became the lawful President of
the Republic; and it was for the maintenance
of the constitution and his authority derived
Imm. it. that the civil war commenced, and still
eontmues to be prosecuted. ,
Throughout the year 1853 the constitutional
party glZew stronger and stronger. In the pre- ‘
vious lalstm'y of Mexico a. successful military ‘
revolutlonyt the capital had almost universally
been the Blgnel for submission throughout the
republm. Not soon the present occasion. A
majontyyf fhe cmzens persistently sustained
:he constltutlonal goverujnent. When this was
recognized In April: 1%‘35‘: by the Government
of the United Sfatfs, 11$ authority extended
over a. large maJomty of: the Mexican States
and people, including Vera Cruz and authe'
mher important sea ports of the republic. From
that period our commercemth Mexwo began
‘7O revive, and the constitutionel government
has lfi’orded it all the protection In their power.
M‘lnwmle the government of Hit-Am?! It" 119“ "I!
“’4“ mm’l min m: the surrounding gunning and
continued its outragol ggdnst the few Annex-{cm citizens
‘ho still had the c' urge to remain within It! 110'“ T
T" Pap the cum; Am: the battle of Tacubaya, m
{“3slss9nfien. Marquez ordered three citizens of the
“We Sum, mof them physician! to be seized in PM
”0'91!!! at am phcg taken ._ut and shot, without 'cnme
"“1 Without hit! This was done notwithlundins "1"
33m“! auxin-yuan were in ,tho moment engiged
mm “I°ll muse a “was“; relief tovthe‘ ”dingo!
"'Fm'lm had been wounded in the may «nu
ont Ming “flfim‘ _ " th . -’ »
The time h“ “Hating :y aggghntytrhon-ithil. .60,"
“W“ "'3 “GM to Smt its 1m: 'to “mama;
1 dress the wrongs of our citizens and to nfiord them pro
tectlon in Mexi -o. The inter-nosing obstacle was that
the portion of the country under the sway of Miramon
could not he reached. without passing over territory un
der the jurisdiction of the constitutional government
Under these circumsunccsfl deemed it my duty to re
‘ commend to Congress, in my last annual message, Ihe
employment of s. sulllcient military force to penetrate into
aha interior, where the government of Mimmon was to
be found, With, or, if need be, without the consent of the
Juarez government, though it won not doubted thet this
consent could be obtained. Never have I has sclesrer con
‘ viotion on any subject than of the justice as well as ms—
dom of such a policy. No other alternative was left, ex
cept the entire abandonment of our fellow~cinzers who
had gone to Mexico, under the faith of treaties, lo the
systematic injustice, cruelty and oppr scion of M'"‘"P°“.'
government Besidest it is almost certain that the so: PlO
authority to employ this force would Q 1 "591! have '6‘
complished all our objects without striking " smg]? 1’10“-
The constitution-. 1 government would then ere this have
been established at the city of ”9‘1“" 3““: “93”“ have
been raid; and willing, to the extent of Its ablhty: to do
“3 justice. I] I d am this a most important con
- n - e . -
slgggggfiffiurggean government-s would haYe been de—
prived of an pretext to interfere m the terntonal and
domestic concerns in Mex_lco. We should thnshnve been
relieved from the obligation of resisting, even by force,
should this become necesssry any attemptpy these gov
ernments to deprive our neghhoring republic of portions
or her territory; ’? duty from which we could not shrink
without abandoning the traditional and established
policy of the American people. lam happy to observe,
that, firmly relying upon the just-ice and good faith of
these governments, there is no present danger that such
a, contingency, will happen.
Having discovered that my recommendation would not
be sustained by Congress, the next alternative was to
accomplish, in some degree, if possible, the some objects
by tréeaty stipulations with the constitutional govern
men .
Such treaties were accordingly concluded by our late
able and excellent minister to Mexico, and on the 4th of
January last were submitted to the Senate for ratifica—
ti on. As these have not yet received the final action of
that body, it would be improper for me to present a de
tailed statement of their provisions. Still I may be per
mitted to express the opinion in advance that they are
calculated to promote the agricultural, the manufactu
ring and commercial interests of the country, and to se
cure our just influence with an adjoining republic as to
whose fortunes and fate we can never feel indifi‘erent;
whilst at the same time they provide for the payment of
a considerable amount towards the satisfaction of the
claims of our injured fellow-citizens.
KANSAS AND UTAH
At the period of my inauguration I was confronted in
Kansas by a revolutionary government, existing. under
what is called the Topeka. constitution. Its avowed ob
ject was to subdue the territorial government by force,
and to inaugurate what was called the Topeka. govern
ment in its stead. To accomplish this object an extensive
military organization was formed, and its command en
trusted to the most violent revolutionary leaders. Under
these circumstances it became my imperative duty to
exert the whole constitutional power of the Executive
to prevent the flames of civil war from again raging in
Kansas, which, in the excited state of the public mind
both north and south, might have extended into the
neighboring States
The hostile parties in Kansas had been inflamed
against each other by emissaries both from the north and
the south, to a degree of malignity without parallel in
our history. To prevent. actual collision, and to assist
the civil magistrates in enforcing the laws,a strong de:
tachment of the army was stationed in the Territory
ready to aid the marshal and his deputies, when lawfully
called upon, as a posse comit-atus in the execution of
civil and criminal process.
Still, the troubles in Kansas could not have been per
manently settled without an election by the people. The
ballot box is the surest arbiter of disputes among free
men . Under this conviction, every proper effort was em—
ployed to induce the hostile parties to vote at the election
of delegates to frame a State constitution, and afterwards
at the clecti on to decide whether Kansas should be a slave
or a free State. The insurgent party refused to vote at
either, lest this might be considered a recognition on
their part of the territorial gobernment established by
Congress. A better spirit, however, seemed soon after
to prevail, and the two parties met faceto face at the
third election, held on the first Monday of January, 1858,
for members of the legislature and State ofiicers under
the Lecompton constitution. The result was the triumph
of the anti-slavery party at the polls This decision of
the ballot box proved clearly that this party were in
the majority, and removed the danger of civil war.
From that time we have heard little or nothing of the
Topeka government; and all serious danger of revolu
liomu-y troubles in Kansas was then at an end.
The Lecomptou constitution which had been thus
recognized at this State election by the votes ‘of
both political parties in 'Kansas, was transmitted
to me with the request that I should present it to
Cong ess. This I could not have refused to do
without violating my clearest and strongest con
victions of duty. The constitution, and all the pro—
ceedings‘which prtceded and followed its for-ma.
tion, were fair and regular on their face. I then
heleircd, and experience has proved, that, the in
terests of the people of Kansas would have been
best consulted by its admission as a State into the
Union, especially as the majority, within a, brief
period, could have amended the constitution ac—
cording to their will and pleasure. li' fraud ex
isted in all'or any of these proceedings, it was not
for the President; but for Congress, to investigate
and determine the question of fraud, and what
ought to be its consequences. If, at. the two first
elections, the majority refused to vote, it ca—nnot be
pretended that this refunal to exercise the elective
franchise could invalidate an election fairly held
under lawful authority, even if they had not sub
sequently voted at the third election. It is true
that the whole constitution had not been submitted
to the people, as I always desiredj but the prece
dents are numerous of the admission of States into
the Union without such submission. '
It would not comport with my‘ present purpose
to review the proceedings of Congress upon the
Lecompton, constitution. It is suflicient to observe
that their final action has removed the last vestige
of serious revolutionary troubles. The desperate
band recently assembled, under a notorious outlaw,
in the southeruportiou of the Territory, to resist
the execution of the laws and to plunder penceahle
citizens, will, I doubt not, he speedily subdued and
brought. to justice.
Had I treated the Lecompton constitution as n.
nullity and‘refused to transmit. it to Congress, it is
not difficult to imagine, whilst recalling the prmi
tion of the country at that moment, what would
have been the disastrous consequences, both in and
out of the Territory, from such udercliction of duty
on the part. of the Executive.
Pence hoe also been restored within the Territory
of Utah, which at. the commencement of my admin
istration, was in a. state of open‘ rebellion. This
was the more dangerous, as the people, animated
by a fanatical spirit. and entrenched within their
distant mountain fastneeses,might have made a
long and formidable resistance. Cost what it
might, it was necessary to bring them into subjec
tion to the Constitution and the laws. Sound pol
icy, therefore, ae well as humanity, required that
this object should, if possible, be accomplished
without the effusion of blood. This could only be
effected by sending a military force into the Ter
ritory sufl‘icicntly strong to convince the people that
resistance would be hopelese,and as the same time
to offer them a pardon for past olfermes on condition
of immediate submission to the Government. This
policy was pursued with eminent success; and the
only cause for regret is the heavy expenditure
required to match a large detachment of the army
to that remote region and to furnish it subsistence.
Utah isnow comparatively peaceful and quiet, and
the military force has been withdrawn, except that
portion of in necessary to keep the Indians in check
and to protect the emigrant trains on their way to
our Pacific possessions.
FINANCES
In my first annual messsge I promised to employ my ‘
best exertions, in ens—operation with Congress, to reduce
the expenditures of the Government within the limits of i
a. wise and judicious economy. An overflowing treasury
had produced habits of prodigality and extravagance
which could only be gradually corrected. The work re
quired both. time and patience I applied myself dili
gently to this task from the beginning, and was aided by
the able and energetic efl'orts of the Heads of the differ
ent Executive Departments. The result of our labors in
this good cause did not appear in the sum total of our
expenditures for the first two years, mainly in going.
quenee of the extraordinary expenditure necessarily in
curred in the Utah expedition, and the very large
amount of the contingent expenses of Congress during
this period. These greatly exceeded the pay and mile
age of the members. For the year ending 30th June, ‘
1858, whilst the pay and mileage amounted to $1,490,214,
the contingent expenses rose to $2,093,309 79, and for ‘
the year ending 301;): J une, 1859, whilst the pay and
mileage «mounted to $859,093 66, the contingent ex
penses amounted to $1,431,5fifi 78 I am happy, horr
ever, to be able to inform you that during the last fiscal
year ending on the 30th June, 1860, the total expendi
tures of the Governmentin all its branches—legislative,
executive and judicial—exclusive of. the public debt,
were redeem to the sum of $55,402.465 46. This con
clusively appears lrom the books or the Treasury. In
the year ending on the 30th June, 1858, the total expen
ditures, exclusive of the public debt, amounted to
$71,901,129 77, and that for the year ending 30th June,
1859. to $66,346,226 13. Whilst the books of the Tree.—
sury show on actual expenditure of 559.858.4742 72 for
the year ending on the 30th J one, 1860,' including
51,040,667 71 for the contingent expenses of congress,
there must be deducted from this amount the sum of
$4,295,009 20, with the interest upon It 01‘ $150,000, on.
propriated by the act or 15th February, 1880, “for the
purpose of supplying the deficlency in the revenues and
defrsying the expenses 0!: the Post Odice Department for
the year ending the thirtieth of J um, one thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine." Tins sum, therefore,
justly chargeable to the year 1859, must be deducted
, from the sum of $59,848,474 72,1 n order to ascertain the
expenditure for the year ending on the 80th June, 1860,
which leaves 1 bounce for the expenditures of that you
of $95,402,465 46. The interest on the publlé debt, in—
cluding Treasury notes for the some fiscal year ending
on _the 30th June, 1860, ”amounted to $3.117,314 62,
Will Ch, added to the above sum of $55,502,465 46. makes
the aggregate _of $58,519,780 08.
I}: ought 21: Justice to be observed that several of the
“mm-“ 9 from “IE departments for the year ending 30th
JIM. .1369, Was reduced by Congress below what was
sud 811111 1: deemed compatible with the public interest.
asllowmz 1* hbml mnrxinpr $2,500,000 for this reduc
fition, and {anotherecauaee It maybe safely osserted that
:.the'sum 0f‘561,000,000,‘ 0; ct the most $62,000,000, is
: ~“may sufiicient to administer the Government and to
f pay the interest on the public debt, unless contingent
l events should hereafter render extraordinary expendi
‘ Imm: necessary.
1 This recall, has been attained in a considerable de
gree by the cure exercised bythe appropriate departments
l in entering into public contracts. 1 have myself never
I interfered with the award of any such contract 030?!"
in a single case will) the Colonization Society, deeming
I it advisable to cast the whole responsibility in each case
on the proper bend of the department, with the. general
instruction that these contracts should always be given
to the lowest and best, bidder. It has ever been my
opinion that public contracts are not alegititnate source
of patronage to be conferred upon personal or politimfl
favorites; but that in all such cases a public olliccr is
bound to act for the Government as a prudent individual
would act for himself.
Armcn‘ SLAVE “Linn, kc.
It is with great satisfaction 1 communicate the fact,
that, since the date of my last Annual Message, not a
single slave has been imported into the United States in
violation of the laws prohibiting the African slave trade.
This statement is founded upon athorough examination
and investigation of the subject. Indeed, the spirit
which prevailed some time since among-a [iofljop of our
follow-citizens. in but,» of this mule seems to have en
tirely subsided.
I also congratulate you upon the public sentiment
which now exists against the crime of setting on foot
military expeditions within the limits of the UnitEd
States, to proceed from thence and make war upon the
people of unoll‘ending States, with whom we are at peace.
In this respect a. happy change has been efl'ccted since
the commencement of my Administration. It surely
ought to be the ' raycr 01' every Christian and patriot.
that such expedillous may never ugoin receive Counte
nunce in our country or deport from our shores.
It would he a. useless repetition to do more than refer,
with earnest commendation, to my former recommen
dations in favor of the Pacific railroad—of the grant 0f
power to the President to employ the naval force in the
vicinity, for the protection 01' the. lives and property of
our follow-citiuns passing in transit over the diflcrent
Central American routes, against sudden and lawless
outbreaks and depredations; and also to protect Ameri
can merchant vessels, their crown and cargoes, against
violent and unlawful seizure and confiscation in the
ports of Mcxi co and the South Amcri con republics , when
these may be in a. disturbed and revolutionary condition.
It is my settled conviction, that without such a power
we do not, nll'ord that protection to those engaged in the
comgicrce of the country which they have a. right. to de
mon .
ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS
I again recommend to Congress the passage of a. law
in pursuance of the provisions of the Constitution, ap
pointing ndny certain, previous to the 4th March, in
each year of an odd number, for the election of repre
sentatives throughout all the States. A similar power
has already been exercised, with general approbation,
in the appointment of the some day throughout the.
Union for holding the eleetion of electors for President
aml Vice President of the United States. My attention
was earnestly directed to this subject from the fact
that the 35th Congress terminated on the 3:1 March,
1859, without making the necessary appropriation for
the sex-vice ol‘ the Post Onice Department. I was then
forced to consider the best remedy for this emission,
and an immediate call of the present Congress was the
natural resort. Upon inquiry, however, 1 ascertained
that fifteen out of the thirty-three Stat-es composing the
Confederacy were without representatives, and that,
consequently. these fifteen States would be disfranchised
by such a call. These fifteen States will be in the same
condition on the 411: March next. Ten of them cannot
elect representatives, according to existing state laws.
until different periods, extmding from the beginning of
August next until the months of Octoberand November.
In my last message I gave warning that, in a. time of
sudden and alarming danger, the salvation of our insti’
tutions might depend upon the power of the President
immediately to assemble a full Congress, to meet the
emergency.
TARIFF
It is now quite evident that the financial necessities
ofthe Government will require a. modification of the
tariff during the present sesssiou for the purpose of in
creasing the revenue. In this aspect. I desixe to reit.
crate the recommendation contained in my last two sn
nual messages, in favor of imposing specific instead of ad
valorem duties on all imported articles to which thuse
cm) be properly applied. From long observation and ex~
perience, 1 am convinced that specific duties are nec9s<
sen-y, both to protect the revenue and to secure to mu
manufacturing interests that amount of incidental en
courfiagemcnt which unavoidably results from a revenue
tax-i .
As rm abstract proposition it may he admitted that ad
vdlorem duties would, in theory, he, the most just and
equal . But if the experience of this and of all other com—
merci ml nations has demonstrated that such duties cannot
be assessed and collected without great frauds upon the
revenue, then it is the part of wisdom to resort to specific
duties. Indeed from the very nature of‘ an ad vulorem
duty, this must he the result. Under it the ineviteblo
eonseuuence is, that foreign goods will he entered at
less than their true value. The treasury will, therefore.
lose the duty on the difl'erence between their real and
fictitious value, and to this extent we are defrauded.
’ The temptations which ad valorem duties present to is.
dishonest importer are irresistible. His object in to pass
his goods through the custom house at the very lowest
valued ion necessary to save them from confiscation. In
this he too often succeeds in spi to of the vigilance of the
revenue oliicers. Hence the resort to false invoices, one
for the purchaser andg‘unother for the custom house, and
to other expedients to defraud the government. The
honest importer produces his invoice to the collector,
stating the acts 1] price at which he purchased Ihe uni
cles abroad . Not so the dishonest importer and the agent
of the foreign manufacturer. find here it may be oh
serred that a vary large proportion of the inanumctures
imported from abroad are consigned for 5.19 to commis
sion merchants, who are mere agents employed by the
manufacturers. In such cases no actual sale has been
made to fix their value. The foreign manufacturer, if he
he dishonest, prepares an invoice or IIIEgDMSJIOt at their
actual value, but at the very lowest rate necessary to
escape detection. In this manner the dishonest im
porter and the foreign manufacturer enjoy a decided
advantage over the honest merchant. They are thus en
abled to undersell the fair trader. and drive him from the
market. In fact, the operation of this system has already
driven from the pursuits of honorable commerce many
ol’ that class of regular and conscientious merchants
whose character throughout; the world, is the pride of
our country.
The remedy for these evil: is to he found in specific
duties, so far as this may be practicable. They dispense
with any inquiry 11; the custom-house into the actual
'cost or value of the article, and it pays the precise
amount of duty prefiously fixed by law. They present
no temptations to the appraisers of foreign goods, who
receive but small salaries, and might, by undervalua—
tion in a. few cases, render themselves independent.
Besides, specific duties best conform to the requisi—
tion in‘ the Constitution that “ no perference shall be
given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the
ports of one State over those of‘ another." Under our
ad valnrem system Bu ch preferences are to some extent
inevitable, and complaints have often been made that
the spirit of this provision has been violated by a lower
appraisement of the same articles at one port than at
another.
An impression strangely enough prevails, to some ex
tent, that specific duties are necessarily protective du—
ties. Nothing can he more fallacious. Great Britain
glories in free trade, and yet her whole revenue from
imports is at the present moment collected undera. sys—
tem of specific duties. It is 9. striking fact in this con
nection that, in the commercial treaty of 23d January,
1860, between France and England, one of the articles
provides that the ad vuloreiu duties which it imposes
shall be converted into specific duties within six months
from its date, and these are to be ascertained by making
an average of the prices for six months previous to that
time. The reverse of the proposition would be nearer
to the truth, because a. much larger amount of revenue
would be collected by merely converting the ad valorem
dutiesof a tariil‘ into equivalent specific duties. To this
extent the revenue would be increased. and in the same
proportion the specific duty might be diminished. .
Specific duties would secure_to the American manu
facturer the incidental protection to'which he is flirly
entitled under a revenue tarifl, and to this surely no per
son would object. The framers of the existing tarifl'
have gone further, and in a liberal spirit have discrimi
nated in favor of large and useful branches of our menu
factures, not by raising the rate of duty upon the i mpor
tation of similar articles from abroad, but what is the
same in efl‘cct, by admitting articles free of duty which
enter into the composition of their fabrics.
Under the present system it has been often truly re
marked that this incidental protection decreases when
the manufacturer needs it most, and ‘ increases when
he needs it least, and constitutes a. sliding scale which
always operates against him . 'l‘he revenues of the coun
try are subject to similar fluctuation. Instead of ap—
proaching a steady standard, as would be the case under
a systenl of specific dutiesP they sin}: and rise with the
sinking and rising prices 0 articles in foreign countries.
It would not he diflicult for Congress to arrange a. sys
tem of specific duties which would afl'ord additional sta
bility both to our revenue and our manufactures, and
without injury or injustice to any interest of the coun
try. This might be accomplished by ascertaining the
average value of any given article for a. series of years at
the place of exportation, and by simply converting the
rate ol'ad valorem duty upon it which might be deemed
necessary for revenue purposes, into the form of aspe—
cific duty. Such an arrangement could not injure the
consumer. If he should pay a greater amount of duty
one year. this would be counterbalanced by a lesser
amount the next, and in the end the aggregate would be
the same.
I desire to call your immediate attention to this pres
ent conditinn of the Trea nary, so ably and clearly pre
sented by Ihe Secretary in his report to Congress ; and to
rs eqmmend, that measures be promptly adopted, to ena
ble It to discharge its pressing obligations. The other
recommendations of the report are well‘ worthy of your
favorable consideration .
I herewith transmit to Congress the repofts of the
Sechlaries at“ War, of the Navy, of the Interior and of
the Postmaster General. The re mmmendations and sug
gestions which they contain are hi.th valuable and de
sen‘e your careful attention.
The mpg z ol‘ the Postmasier General details the oir~
cumstancea under which Cornelius Vanderbilt, on my I‘o‘
quest, agreed, in the month of July last. to carry the
ocean mails between our Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Had
he not thus actedt this important intexcommunication
must the baen :uspt-ndtd, at least for aseawm The
Pobtmasteg General had no power to make him any other
compansanon than the postage on the null matter which
he might carry. It ...; known, althe time; that these
pastimes Ibul'l t'..1l fur short of an adequate colppelln
tion, I 8 tell“ of the sum which the same service 31x11
previously cost the Government, Mr. Vuderbzl}, In I
commmdable spirit, was wiling to My upon the vaice
of Congress to muke up tue deficiency ; and I. t eyefore,
recommend that an appropmtiun may he grantul tor this
purpn se.
lshoul do great njilslice to‘the Atforpey General,
wars 1 to own the mentlou of his dlstmgmhpa services
in me memures adopted and prosecuted y bun (or the
defame of the Governm-ut agamat numerpus and un
founded cluimstolandin California, 1111 mm?! ‘5O have
been mulchl by the Mexican .Gonrnmnt pseynous to the
treaty of ceqm‘on. The museum oPPOSItIOn to these
claims his sued to the Unll’ad Stile} [Wylie pray-r 1
worth malty millions of dollm, Ind to Ifldtwdulls hold
ing title undu‘ them tozt least an equal amount.
than beta to xenontad W 111°: ”9“ "WG-3 which I
~doeu: reliablgctfiut the inhnblulh m sewn! parting of
’Tkanm hue area-reduced neurly 10's sta‘e of starvation,
on account or the unmet total future ‘lf their amps,
whilst the harvests in every other pornon of the inst-bra: i LOCA L N E W 6.
have been abundant. The prnnpcct before ”with? :3 mP'fl' . > H _
auprouchirg Winter is well calculated _to unhst o‘.ng so
thies of every heart. The destztutmn gppears ntribn
general that it cannot, be relieve-d by_ pluvate c0.“3 w to
tions, and they are in such indigent. clrcumatagce them
be unable to purchase the necessaries of Me or t'tu
selves. I refer the sum-set to Congress. If any 901“ onld
50119-1 measure for their reEiet‘ can be demaad I w
recommend its ado tion. . . _
I cordially comnfiand to your favorable regam 3.110;;
tare“! of the people of this District: They are emlell‘e tn:
en itled to y urcnnsidetation, espaczally smce: um i 0 ant
PEOPIe of the Staten. they can appeal to no (Javetnm
except that of the Union
JAMES BUCHANAN
WAsnmc'er sz, Decmnber 3,1860
@133 fiatriut 62 Winn.
‘ ”4‘.“—
WLDSESDAY MORNING, DEC. 5, 1860
LETTER "11330151 WASHING TON.
____+...__;_.
Correspondence of the Patriot and Union
WASHINGTON, Bee. 3, 1860
'CWEress assembled at 12 o’clock, 31., to—day.——
There was a. pretty full attendance of members of
both branehes. In the Senate, Messrs. Hammond
and Chesnut, of South Carolina, Toombs and Iver
son of Georgia, Slidell, of Louisiana, and Clay, of
Alabama, are absent. The two first named Sem
tors will not. be here at all; they “Wing ”Sign“,
and their resigngtions having been accepted by
the Legislature of South Carolina. It is said thet
Messrs. Toomhs and Ivorson, of Georgia, will not
be here this session, nor will Mr. Slidell, of Lou
isiana. Mr. Clo-y, of Alabama, is said to be un
well, but even if he were in good health it. is doubt.
ful whether he would come. .
It is reduced to a. certainty that the following
States will secede within a. few weeks, viz: South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Flu
rida, and that no power can prevent it. The so
ceesion sentiment is gaining- ground in the South
with great rapidity, and fears are entertained that
after the above named States have taken the step
contemplated they will he followed by a number of
other States, whose people, up to this time, have
been disinclined to the movement. I still incline
to the hope that, something will be done to arrest
this great calamity, and that some middle ground
may be selected whereon both the North and the
South will agree to stand and treat, rather than
rush into the horrible vortex of blind revolution
and civil war.
The following committees were appointed to wait
upon the President and inform him that Congress
was ready to receive any communication ho had to
make to that body :—On pan of the Senate, Messrs.
Bigler of Pennsylvania, Mason, ofVirginia, and Col
lamer, of Vermont. 02: part of the House, Messrs.
Docock, of Virginia, Moi-ahead, of Pennsylvania,
and Adams, of Kentucky. The Committee waited
upon the President, but before they had time to
whom, both Houses adjourned till to~morrow. It
is understood, however, that the President will
communicate his message to-morrow.
Till the [President’s message is read, and its
sentiments ascertained and examined, it is folly to
speculate on what will liquid or done in Congress.
The country is waiting in breathlens anxiety to
know what course the President will take, and
what he will recommend in this important crisis
of alfairs. By the time this reaches Harrisburg,
the message will have been read, with: excite—
ment here, on the great question of the (lay—seces—
sion—will be at its height. I cannot glveqour
readers an adequate picture of the tone and temper
of men here, or rather I prefer to forbeor for the
present to do so. The worst will be known soon
enough ; but this much I will venture to say—that
but few men in the North, and hue few Black Re
publicans, who have aided so much inlbringing
about the present unhappy state of afioirs, have
dreamed of the reality. A few days will fully de
velope what may be expected in the future, because
the state of public feeling oannoclong be suppressea-
The sentiments contained in the late speech of
the Hon. Caleb Cashing, of Massachusetts, deli
vered at Newburypurt, I believe, have found a
warm response in the hearts of many men at Wash—
ington. I mean the sentiments of Mr. Cashing on
the utter folly and impossibility of accomplishing
anything by force against those States that may
secede ,from the Union. To employ force in such
a contingency as the present, would only be the
short cut to one of the most bloody revolutions
that ever deaolated any country since the days of
Adam. I
The irrepresstble conflict has surely come, as
foretold by William H.Beward, and the rest of
the Black Republicans, who have echoed the
bloody and brutal sentiment,until we are on the
eve of realizing all the consequences that must
inevitably ensue when that conflicthegins. What
a. pity it is that when the revolution does come, as
come it must, that only those who have labored to
bring it about would he the persons to sufl‘cr.
But, alas ! the innocent and the guilty will sufi‘er
alike, at such a time. The patriot and the pars
site must he alike the victims of the wrong in
flicted upon the country.
The people of the North, in their blind infatua
tion and saterl ignorance, refused to be warned
of the danger that impended, end now they must
reap the bitter fruits of their fall; and ignorance,
and, in due tiine,xnourn ever the shattered and
distorted fragments of a. once proud, happy and
glorious Republic, over the ruin that has become
duccd by the insane fanaticism of those who had
no other object in View than the gratification of
their insatiable thirst for spoils. When‘the incen
diary torch of revolution shall he applied-to the
combustiblc'_material of which this country is
made up, it will be well for some men who have
been conspicuous 'in bringing our country to such
an end, to keep where nought but their shadows
will be visible. At such an hour, an infuriated
populace—maddened by the consciousness of her;
ing been been duped, cheated and deceived by the
knnvish demagogues who persuaded them, under
the guise of false pretences, to inflict this great
wrong upon the country—will rush upon all such
and send them, with a fury that. no heart can con
‘coivc or pen describe. -
From Philadelphia.
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. 4
special Dispatch to the Patriot and Union.
The Governor has reprieved Miller, who was
condemned to be hung for murder 11ch Friday
in this city.
No new cases of small pox. The Board of
Health deny that there is any danger of the
disease Spreading.
A snow storm has been prevailing here all
da-y. ‘
The President’s message is highly com—
mended by all conservative men. P-
.-k_ STRANGE Shown—A story is current In
Pans that the recent tour of the Emperor and
Empress through the prov‘nces was embittered
by the apparition of a. lady in block, who con
stantly Presented herself to her Majesty, at.
every stauon, in every crowd, and in every
triumphal entry. The lady is young and beam
tiffll. though pale, as may be seen through the
“1‘15“.“ heavy veil; and it is now ascertained
that It lsfrom her hand the bunch of withered
flowers ls thrown which is found in the
EmPI‘GES’ carriage, and whenever flowers are
thrown by the population. This gives great
39110181109 to the Emperor, and so exalted the
nervonn'euscepfibility of the Empress l_hflt_ a
change ofkair and scenery was deemed I'llndls
peneahle. and hence her journey to England.
Tm: DAILY Pumo'r Ax» 1.750 n may be had at
iack’s Book Stere,comcr of Third and Market
streets
PATRIOT A 311») UNION.——The DAILY PATRIOT AND
Umox can be bad by Dauphin subscribers, every
morning, at the periodical store of J . S. 13mm.
Snmzncm.—Yesterday afternoon Judge Pear
son passed sentence upon the following persons:
Geo. Poist, convicted of an assault and battery,
was sentenced to pay a fine of $1 and costs of
prosecution, and undergo an imprisonment of 30
days in jail, and enter into security in the sum of
one hundred dollars to be of good behavior for one
year. .
Fanny J ones, convicted of keeping a disorderly
house was called three times, and aiso her haiku
but both were mm est,and the bail was forfeited.
Richard Allen, colored, was sentenced on two
separate convictions—one for keeping a disorderly
gambling house, for which he was mulcted in a,
fine of $lO and costs of prosooniion, and sentenced
to undergo an imprisonment of 90 days. The
other, for an’ assault and battery, 9. fine of .511 and
costs, and 30 days imprisonment—making a. total
of four calendar months for the gay ex-Dog Detec
tive.
Jacob Boon, convicted of burglary, in entering
the premises of Ida Hart, was fined $1 and costs of
prosecution, and sentenced to undergo an imprison
ment in the county jail for the period of two years
and six months. Jacob. is a. bleached darkey.
Frank Bell plead guilty of larceny. This was
a trivial case, and should never have been brought
to Court. It appears that his sister’s child was
sick, and she requested him to go out and get some
fuel to make afire—wherenpon he stolen. very
small quantity of coal. The Court took the mat.
ter fairly into consideration, and find him 6 cents
and cost of prosecution, and sentenced him to ten
days imprisonment.
James Thompson, an Irish sailor, wandered this
way in search of a brother, and while here he
stole a watch and keys. For the first ofl‘ence he
was fined $1 and costs, and sentenced to six
months’ imprisonment. For the second, he was
fined $1 and costs, and sentenced two months’ im
prisonment.
William Omer, who had plead guilty of burgla
ry, was called up for sentence. Omer made a. well
set speech, in which he declared that this was his
first oii‘ence, and that intoxication had led him to
the commission of the crime. This may be so, but
William’s looks betray the English “cracksman,”
and we doubt if Buyer’s “crib” was the first he
ever cracked. His eloquent appeal knocked off
three months. He was sentenced to pay a fine of
$1 and costs, and undergo an imprisonment for
the term of nine months.
Frank A. Hutton, convicted of forgery on two
counts, was next called up. The facts in this case
are, no doubt, fresh in the memory of our readers.
Frank kept a drug store in this city, which did
not yield him revenue enough to live as fast as he
desired, so he forged his mother’s name to “70
notes and passed them, under the delusive idea.
that she would pay the notes at maturity rather
than see him sufi‘er. Finding his, mistake, he
plead guilty. He was sentenced to separate and
solitary confinement, at hard labor, in the county
jail, for IS months on each indictment. Hutton
reoe ived his sentence without manifesting any out
ward feeling.
Com. vs. Geo. Kelly, (colored,) convicted of an
assa'ult and battery with intent to commit a rape,
on Sarah Cams, a. white girl—the niece of his wife
—aged about 12 years ; sentenced to one year and
ten months imprisonment.
Com. vs. Geo. Kelly—assault and Battery on Sa
rah Cal-us. Sentenced to imprisonment. for two
months.
=MIDI
RELIEF FDR KANSAS.--Ml'- Editor, allow me
through your columns to acknowledge the receipt,
in aid of the Kansas sufferers, the following'con
tributious, in the collection of whieh I am much
indebted to the kindness of James R. Pugh and _S.
Denning:
W. W. Rutherford - - - - $lO.OO
Bud F. Kelker - ~ , 10.00
J ohn A. Boyer - - - - 1.00
G. H. Small - ~
D. W. Groas 35 00. ~
- - - _ - 2.50
.. _ - . 1.00
G‘. W. Reily
D. Epley
William A. Cartbcart - - - 1.00
J. W. Weir - - - - - 2,50
(4.1 V. Swager - - 1.00
D. Heisley
J. Wallace - _ - _ _ 1.00
E. S. Zollinger k _ - _ 50
George Bargner - - _ . 1.00
A. J. Jones - _ - _ _ 5_50
James R. Pugh - _ _ - 1.00
George Trulliuger - _ - _ 5.00
Alan-Kola: - - . . - 6.00
E. Beyer: - - .. - _. _ 100
George Wiestling - _ - _ 1.00
C. R. Keller - . . - 50
Daniel Leody - - - _ _ 1.00
B. S. Kunkle '. _ - , _ 1.00
S. D. Brumbaugh - ~ ~ -
S. Denning ' - - -
Zacob Brenneman - .
Cash in sums from 25 cents to $l.OO -'
Total -
Many others in the First and Second Ward: who
were absent will doubtless add to this when an op
portunity otfera. The other wsrds will be can
vassed, giving all a chance to assist in rescuing
the unfortunate people of that Territory from the
terrible famine that threatens them.
J 05:15]; GARBNER, Agent.
Tm: Locx-Uz~.—-Of all the miserable apologies
’for a. hwnmu: institution, we think the Harrisburg
lock-up takes precedence. As a place of punish
ment, it will compare favorably with the generally
received accounts or the dungeons of the Inquisi
tion, barringrthe latter were located in a warm
climate, while our Sock-up is so far from being
weather proof, or a protection against the cold:
that the poor fellows emerging from it in the morn
ing shiver and shake very little less than if they
had spent the night in the open air. '
Many—in fact a vast majority of those who
tenant the lock-up, are confined for no other crime
than that of poverty. They are but half clothed
-nd half fed, and consequently are not in =1 bOdily
condition to stand the cold, and we should not be
the lenst surprised to hear of death from exposure
during one of these cold nights in the (Hills Of the
lock-up.
The Mayonprompted by bums-no feelings Which
do credit to him as a. man. has determined that
hereafter, during the intense cold weather, to send
all vagrants who seek lodgings to jail. There will
be no danger of them freezing to death there, at
all events. ‘ H ......w...
A NlO5 Ronni—Two darkeys named respect
{37er Joseph Scott and Robert Parker, got on a
spree on Monday ,and carried out proeeedings with
a high band. Scott’s first exploit was an attempt
to drown in colored woman named Caroline Boon.
She was in the act of dipping water from the canal,
when Soot: pushed her into the canal, where she
would have drowned but for the successful efi‘orts
of Thomas Henry, who rescued her. Afterwards
Scott and Parker made an assault upon Thomas
Henry with a razor, threatening to open him; M'-
Directly after this exploit the black rascals made
an assault upon John A. Brooks, Mr. Wheeler’s
watchman, with the some razor, threatening to 6“
him, shoot him,and do him other bodily harm.
Warrants were fined, and Scott and Parker were
CIE
- 2.50
2-50
- 2.05
8.00
_ $68.25
arresxed and taken before Alderman Kline, who
committeé them to answer. Such scoundrels should.
not be permitted to run at. large, and itis to 'IM
hoped that they will get their just deserts a: the
next Court of Quarter Sessions.
Funmm—Fashion kills more women than {oil
or sorrow. Obedience to fashion is a. greate: trans—
gression of the laws of woman‘s nature, a greater
injury to her physical and mental constitution,-
than the hardships of poverty anti neglect. The
slave woman at her task will live and grow old,
and see two or three generations of her mistresses
fade and pass away. The washer-woman. with
scarce a ray 0f hope to cheer her toils, wili live to
see her fashionable sisters all die round her. The
kitchen-maid is hearty and strong, when he: lady
has to be nursed like a sick baby. It isasad truth
1 that fashion-pampered women are almost worthless
\ for all the great ends of human life. They have
i but little force of character, they have still less
power of moral will, and quite as little physical
energy. They live for no great purpose in life;
they accomplish no worthy ends. They are only
(1011-forms, in the hands of milliners and servants,
to be dressed and fed to order. They dress no—
i body, they feed nobody, they instruct nobody, they
bless nobody, and save nobody. They write no
books, they set no rich examples of Virtue and wo
manly life. If they rear children, servants and
nurses do all, save to conceive and give them
birth. And when reared what are they? What,
do they ever amount to, but weaker sciots cf the
old stock? Who ever heard of a fashionable wo—
man ’5 child exhibiting any virtue or power of mind
for which it became eminent? Read the biogra
phies of our great and good men and women. Not.
one of them had a fashionable mother. They
nearly all sprung from strong-minded women, who
had about as little to do with fashion, as with the
changing clouds. '
Wire is A anrnnnsx ?—A gentleman is not
merely a person acquainted with eertain forms and
etiquettes of life, easy and selfipossessed in soci
ety, able to speak and act, and move in the world
without. awkwardness, and free from habits which
are vulgar and in bad taste. A gentleman is some
thing much beyond this; that, which lies at the
root of all ease and refinement, and 225:. and
power of pleasing, is the same spirit whit? L 395 m;
the root of every Christian virtue. I: in ahe
thoughtful desire of doing in every instance as he
would that others should do unto him. He is con
stantly thinking, not indeed how he may give
pleasure to others for the mere sense of pleasing,
but how he can show respect for others—how he
may avoid hurting their feelings. When he is in
society he scrupulously ascertains the position and
relation of every one with whom he is brought in
contact, that he may give to each his due honor,
his proper position. He studies how he may avoid
touching in conversation upon any subject which
may needlessly hurt, their feelings, how he may
abstain from any allusion which may call up a. dis
agreeable or offensive association. A gentleman
never alludes to, never even appears conscious of
any personal defect, bodily deformity, inferiority
of talent, of rank, of reputation in the persons in
whose sociely he is placed. He never assumes any
superiority to himself—-never ridicules, never
sneers, never boasts, never makes .1 display of his
own power, or rank or advantages—such as is im
plied in ridicule or sarcasm, or abuse—as he never
indulges in habits, or tricks, or inclinations which
may he offensive to others. I
BAD CeLns.—Bad colds are the order of the day,
(we never heard of any body having a. good cold,)
and about. every third man we meet barks, and
enters up complaint. A cold at this season of the
year ,with the style and variety of weather we have
had, is almost. unavoidable—indeed a man who es~
capes must devote his especial attention to taking
care of himself. We have been in for it for a few
days. A hpndred friends have prescribed a bun
dred different remedies, but up to this time we
have only taken the advice of an eminent physi»
Gian, who says—“ Do as I (lo—let her flicker E"
How Do You LIKE IT ?—Within two weeks wheat
has come down 15 cents per bushel, rye 10 cents,
old can 15 cents and new com 10 cents. This
great mduction is altogether owing to the political
troubles caused by the election of Lincoln. Those
farmers who voted for the sectional Republican
party can now see how their votes are working.
Tun ladies are again invited to examine a new‘
lot of bnrgains, which we just received, and among
which will be found the following z—Beautiful
double-width cloth for cloaks, at all prices; a few
more of those double Brocho shawls, at $7, worth
double the amount ; Blanket shawls, Mourning
shawls, Arab, J apaneae and French cloaks, Clouds,
Neuhias and hoods for ladies and children ; Brad
ley’s best made hoop skirts, 20, 25 and 30 springs;
Casslmerea, Bassinetts, Muslins, Flannols, Linen
Hundkarchiels, 6% cents ; Chenille scarfa, 25 cents,
and hundreds of other articles to be sold chap, It
Bnowmnn’s cheap corner, Market and Second,
opposite Jones House. 20221-
N‘nw Goons! NEW Goons l—Having returned
from New York, I have received new a large lot of
goods, all of which I bought at auction. One hun
dred pieces of beautiful Sec Flower De Lnines, the
best. quality, which generally sells for 25 cents, at
20 cents; 50 pieces Unbleached Muslin, the beat in
town, at 10 cents; 150 pieces of Cassinetts, Sui
netts and Cassimetes, from 2.5 cents up to 31:25 a
yard; 2!) planes of White Flannel, cotton mixed, It
15 cents; 25 dozen of Whlte Merino Stockings at
15 cents; 50 dozen of Gent’s Wool Socks, 20 cent!
a pair; 10 dozen Gent’s All—Linen Pocket Hand
kerohiefs with Colored, Borders, very fine, 31
cents; good Merino Undershirts and Drawers, at 65
and 75 cents a piece. A lot of beautiful Traveling
Baskets. Best Calicoes, 10 cents, warranted fast
colors.
Please can at anx"s, at the old stand of Julia
Rhoada, Esq., deceased. If.
....+_.__
MRS. “'INSLOW,
An axperienced nurse Ind female physician, In! a. Sooth
in; Syrup for children teething, which ghastly heilitltn
the process of teething by softening the gums, mduein a!
inflal‘nflflfiOß—Wnl alluy all pain. and in sure to regulate
the bowels. Depend upon it mothers, it will 'va rest to
yourselves, and relief and health to your influx. Per
ectly safe in I“ canal. See advertisement in mother col
umn. au¢19,1859-d&wly
Nrm lbncrtigementa
AMERICAN STOCK J OURNAL.-
TIE Tum!) Vow“: commences January lat, 1861.
Devoted especially to matters relating to domestic
animals. The largest, and cheapest, paper of the kind.
in the world. Published Monthly, at; No. 25 Park glow,
New York. Price $l.OO per year in advance. Spemmen
copies gratis
D. G. LINSLEY, Editor and Proprietor
OTIS F. R. WAITE‘ Associate Editor.
Papers giving the above advertisement three insertions,
and sending- a. marked copy to G. A. Buck, WIHDBDI,
Vl2, will receive a copy of the paper one year free.
decfi-dfit A- G- HATCH, Geneml Agent.
M PORTAN T TO STOCK GROWERS.
THE mum VOLUME or THE
AMERICAN BTO 0K J 0 URNAL,
Commences January lsr, 1861.
It is devoted exclusively to mutter-s relating to the
cure Ind manaZement of our domestic animals and Is by
far the largest cheapest Ind mast widexy circulated pa
per of the Rina in the world. No stock grower an AP
mnn to be without it.
{ESixteen large octnvo pages, Handsom'ely Illustri
ted. Published Monthly, at 25 Pprk Bow! Lew Ygrk, at
51.00 per year in advance. Spemmn comes gram,
451112 D. G. LINSLEY Editor and Proprietor.
oms F. R. WAITE, Associate Editor,
News 3. rs ‘ving the shave ulvertisement two in
sertion: £34] Ending a marked cap: to A. G. Exxon
’Wlxnson, m., will receive a copy of the pAperone ye“
free. [am-2m] A. G. HATCH, Genera] Agent.
=EEO