pailp CelegrapO). HARRISBURG Saturday Afternoon, Deeember 8. 1860. The Policy of Garibaldi. The retirement of the distinguished Italian chief to his island home will prove a fruitful subject for discussion in the po litical and military circles of Europe -- The general impression is that be pur sued the very best course he could have adopted. The position of Dictator was necessarily assumed during the great struggle / for freedom, but it belonged to war rather than peace, and it was-emi nently proper to drop it in the hour of victory. He appears before , Europe not only as a soldier, able to conquer his ene mies, but as a citizen, able to conquer himself. His language to the Hungarians is very significant, and will create a pro found impression at every. Continental capital : This is a memorable day for you, for it ce ments the alliance of two people and establishes the fraternity of the people. To-day you have destroyed that principle of egotism which has kept the nations separated, and thus facilitated the servitude of all. The people with whom you have fraternized to-day have the same ene mies who threaten you. Your cause is theirs, and theirs4s yours. But, before fighting against this enemy outside, you have internal enemies to beat down, and I tell you that the chief of them is the- Pope. If I have acquired any merit with you, 1 have acquired that of telling the truth frankly and without a veil. In using this privilege. I tell you that your chief enemy is the Pope. I am a Christian, as you am ; yes, I am of that religion which has -broken the bonds of slavery, and hai proclaimed the free dom of men. The Pope, who oppresses his subjects, and is an enemy of Italian independ ence, is no Christian.; he denies the very prin ciple of Christianity—he is the anti• Christ. This truth you must spread among all those who are near to you, for it' is only vithen all Italians shall be thoroughly convinced of this truth that all Italy will , be really free and united. Garibaldi has ,given the Hungarians distinctly to understand that he will re member them while in Sicily, and that, at a day which will soon roll around, he will go to the rescue of the gallant'people 'who fell under theliron heel of Austria in the great struggle of 1848. He retires to 'Sicily only to give the Italians time to organize a powerful army. The next move will be in Venetia and Hungary. Austria is preparing for the storm—even the mighty fortresses in the "Historical Square," stronger than , the granite moun tains, are becoming more formidable every hour—masses of infantry,and cavalry pa ~,tLoatu) ionapegbt e lei rfot lv_zz., - only by small bodies of men—and, parks f artillery, almost heavy enough to shake the Peninsula, frown defiance on every side. But these formidable defences will crumble before the Italian people as ,the 'Assyrian hosts disappeared under 'te sword of the destroying angel. An Extraordinaryl Article. The Charleston Mercury, which is the organ of the most advanced section of the Disunionists of South Carolina, scouts the scheme of a Southern Convention, and is particularly indignant at the idea of going into conferskice with Virginia and other frontier States on the subject of secession. Here is what it has to say upon that bubject Virginia may now call, but the South will not answer. She is completely demoralized in the estimation of the South; and no Southern State, intent on vindicating her rights and preserving her institutions, would go into a conference with her. She hal placed the Union above the rights and institutions of the South, and will only seek a conference with the Southern States In order to bring them down to the level of her fatal Union policy. Virginia and the other frontier States may as well at once understand their position with the Cotton States. They are not expected to aid the Cotton States in protect• lug themselves and redeeming their liberties. They will practically aid the Northern States in attempting to obtain in the South an acquies ence in the rule of Abolitionists at Washington. The Southern States, however, will disregard their counsel. They want no conference but in the Convention which will assemble to frame the Constitution and complete the organization of the Southern Confederacy. They intend to secede from the Union and construct a Union amongst themselves, and will be glad to find Virginia and the other border States in counsel with them after this great 'revolution. A NEW WAY TO PAY. OLD DEBTS.— The Natchez "Free Trader" proposes the suspension of the payment of Northern debts, as one of the remedies of the times. It proposes that each debtor shall pay into the State Treasury the amount of the debt due his Northern creditor; the State of Mississippi to issue her bond for it, paya ble when hostilities are over. Upon this the Natchez "Courier" remarks : The idea of more Mississippi bonds is rather peculiar. She issued two sets, and 'repudiated them both ; she was sued in her own Courts upon them, after she had invited suit, and judg ment rendered against her, and she has repudi ated payment of the judgments ; and to crown the whole, we understand, after she employed counsel to defend these suits, she repudiated their counsel fee—was sued upon that claim— judgments obtained—and those• judgments re main unpaid to this hour. JOHN BELL PREPARING AN ADDRESS. —The report from Tennessee is that John Bell has prepared an elaborate address to the American people on the crisis, taking strong grounds against the right of seees ion and the expediency of it, and demon. strafing the ruin to the border States which must foll 6 from the Gulf S(ates going out. FROM ME FEDERAL CAPITAL, Correspondence of the Telegraph WASEUNOTON, Dec. 8 A week or even day may develops disunion, and it may be in a shape more horrible than any civil war that ever deluged any land with blood and death. I hay& heretofore believed that the reality of secession would never be placed before the world for its contemplation. My faith in this particular political aspect has been forcibly changed, and I can no longer doubt the determination of some of the States on the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico to secede. They will do this as much to prove their resolution as to vindicate their rights.— South Carolina has already gone too far to re cede. She must either go out of the Union and thus sink into utter insignificance among the nations of the world, or remain, and be come, as her conduct deserves, an object of scorn, and contempt among the commonwealths of the American confederacy. North Carolina, although not so, emphatically expressing the desire, is, nevertheless as determined to go out of the Union as are any of her sisters below her latitudes, and it is useless any longer to conceal these facts from the free contemplation of the northern people. What we will suffer by such a dismemberment, cannot now be computed.— It certainly will not be denied that there is a disunion of any and everything like social or business reciprocity between the North and the South ; while the South denies the right to all opposed to her peculiar institutions to enter her territory, travel on her roads, (except to wards the North) or be heard in sermon, speech or prayer alluding to or advocating liberty in any shape. What more of a dissolution need we have than now exists? A declaration lir Congress that the union of these States is dis solved, will not separate their inhabitants more than they are now separated by their prejudices and their, politics, their pride and their passions. There is not a State in the South, but is active ly preparing in some manner for the creation of an, independent government, and the exercise of functions and powers of an independent nation. These States declare that they will not collect the customs, that they intend to repudiate their debts, obstruct the prosecution of all actions at law, by granting no, appeal to carry any case beyond the control of their local judiciary, and in every respect, and by all forcible means, protect their own citizens against offences com mitted by them in violating United States laws. Is, this not disunion? Is it not revolution? If it is not, the action has become irrelevant to any term , best describing its riotous character, and we must.seek elsewhere than in court re- cords or among lexacographers for a definition of that which OOMMOD sense declares to be mob violence and criminal, repudiation of sa cred law. In the midst of all these threats to secede, emanating from the South and aggra vated by the fanatics at the Ncirth, - not a word is spoken in relation to a fair and full settle ment of thedebt which the Union owes, of a of a division of tAg n onty on hand and ctl ea in AOW_ war_ ore, _n met. gierwra duct ever entered into by man is finally dissolved. It is easy for South Carolina to declare that she will leave the Union, and a s easy for Vermont to say let her go. But who must bide the consequences ? Neither South Carolina or Vermont would suffer materialy by a dissolution of the Union, surrounded as they both aPe by powerful commonwealths, representing policies in a measure similar to their own. Pennsylvania and New York, Maryland and Virginia, would be the sufferers. We would be cursed by the presence of every runaway slave from the border States, and be subject to retaliatory damages for their loss.— But it is useless to enumerate the evils to be anticipated on both sides. What we want now is a fair understanding t not of the wrong done to either party, but of the loss that one party will suffer by a change in the administration of the government. This loss is confined to in dividuals, and therefore individuals are engag ed in increasing the excitement which already pervades all parts of the country. In this connection have you never observed that the real merit of all this contention is re stricted to the divisions of the Democratic par ty ? All the honor of the fighthas sprung from the Douglas men of the North, or the Breckin ridge men of the South. The leaders of these cliques started discrimination, and since it has extended to dangerous threati promising the most destructive results, they seek to foist the responsibility on the Republican party. In the House of Representatives, all the bad feeling is confined to these factions, and we will see the lion lying down with the lamb, long before there is either harmony or good feeling between the friends of Douglas and Breckinridge. The appointment of the committee in the House, of one from each State, to consider that portion of the President's Message relating to the present difficulties, was attended with great excitement. The chairman, Hon. Thomas Corwin, is commended as just the man for the times, and it is expected that under his wise and sagacious direction, the committee will be able to report in less than a month. For the Daily Telegraph. Original Letter of William Penn. MR. Emma :—The following is a copy of an original letter, preserved in the Surveyor Gen eral's office, addressed by Wm. Penn to the " Emperor of Canada." Who is meant by the latter personage is not quite clear, but, I pre sume, he means Louis XIV., who was then King of Prance and Ruler of Canada. The noble sentiments expressed in the letter are characteristic of its distinguished author, and commend themselves to the good sense, justice and humanity of every person. The letter never having appeared in print, to my know ledge, it may be interesting to your numerous readers, for which reason you will confer a favca: by publishing it. W. H. S. • TO TNEI 52APERON Or CANADA. The Great God that hath made thee and me and all the world incline our hearts to love peace and justice that we may live friendly together as tecomes the workmanship of the Great God. The King of England who is a Great Prince hath for divers reasons granted to me a large country in America which however I am willing to enjoy upon friendly terms with thee. Pennsylvania Mitt) d[elegraph, eaturbay - Afternoon, Member 8, 1660. And this I will say that the people who comes with me are a just plain and honest people that neither make war upon others nor - fear war from ethers because they will be just. I have sett up a Society of Traders in my Province to traffick with thee and thy people for your com modities that you may be furnished with that which is good at reasonable rates. And that Society hath ordered their President to treat with thee about a future Trade and have joined with me to send this messenger to thee with certain presents from us to testify our willing ness to have a fair correspondence with thee. And what this agent shall do in our names we will agree unto. I hope thou wilt receive him and comply with his desires on our behalf both with respect to Land and Trade. The Great God be with Thee. Amen. • WILLIAM:TENN: PHILLIP Timmons LEEINMAN, Sec'ry. London, the 21st day of the fourth month, called June, 1682. We have just discharged the melancholy duty of reading the Annual Message'pf Mt . Aicellen cy, James Bue,hanati, Piesident ottibirty-two loyal States, and one rebellious kingdom in process of incubation on the northern bank of the Savannah river. We are compelled to say of this document, as a poet of the eighteenth century said of a friend who wrote long epi taphs Friend, for your epitaphs I'm grieved.; Where still so much is said, One-half will never be believed— The other never read. The Message is a splendid vindication of the long disputed power of man to use language to conceal ideas. We anticipated much from Mr. Buchanan, but he has surpassed our most san guine expectations. His message is a docu ment, verbally considered, of decided ability there are passages in it abounding in the flow ers of genuine rhetoric ; there is splendid logic, without synthetic mystecism • there are ax ioms clear as the first proposition of Euclid ; everything, however, which is valuable in the paper before us, the world knew before ; every thing that was desirable, is enveloped: in a fog more dense than that of the Crimea, during the late war, when a Russian column, forty thousand strong, advanced, unobserved, to a position only sixty yards distant from the sentinels of the British line.