The Tioga County Agitaton B? M. H. COBB. ■' , osWished every Wednesday morning and nAilei io ‘‘riben at ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY CENT'S always IN ADVANCE. Wt» paper is sent postage free to county spbs< ji tbough they may receive their mail at postjofin ss loeated in counties immediately adjoining, for-con- L C 'leE Agitatob is the Official paper of Tioja C<\, , c ; r calntes in every neighborhood therein/ SM t,ons being on the advance pay system, illeircSi among a class most to the interest of lidv/rlif-fc-s reach. Terms to advertisers as liberal as those of. ftrsl hv any paper of equal circulation in Northern Pennfy' r,!l ' a ' • tkt a cross on the margin of a paper, tienqUs Ihsltlio subscription is about to expire. ' ' *“ Papers Bid bo stopped when the subscription .;occip ircs > unless lile a K ent orders their pcntrajn ttce. '■ ~.1 . Z : .i- JAS- LOVVBEY & S. F. WILSOII, ,1 i T CORNERS & COUNSELLORS at LAW, attend the Courts of Tioga, Potter and gclvean counties. [Wollsboro, Jan. 1, 1863.] lOHS I. niTCHELL, AnoUNE Y AN A CO UNSELL OR A T LA W. Tioga Village, Tiogft County, Penn'a, prompt attention to Collections. March 1, 1865.-I? JEROME B. NILES, iTTOBXET & 'COUNSELLOR AT LA I ; WeUsboro, Tioga Countv, Pa-,^; ' ijcrm" been specially licensed by tho United S ‘ites • - the Prosecution of Claims for Pensions, 1 idek Ptvand Bounties. ■ , d.riicdar attention will bo given -to that dais of t „Sc«. ‘ ' J- B- NlibßS.- Wcllsboro, Feb. 15, IS«S-ly* ■ - - - J _ pfINNSrLVAWIA HOESE, COUNEB OF main STREET AND THE AVENUE,' TOeUsboro. Pa. • ' , r j. W. BIGONT,-.....i Proprietor, T HtS popalar Hotel, 1 having been. je-fiitteJ and re-furnished throughout, is now opon to'the public as 3 first-class house. ■ ‘ [Jan. 1, 1663.] ' dThAET’S ': ; . WELLSBOBO, TWO a CO. PENtyl^ TEE subscriber takes this method to hit old friends and customers that he has.* .3- reed tho conduct of the old “Crystal Fount'ln Hotel,” sod will hereafter give it his entire attonti' h. Tmotfal for past favors, he solicits a renewal of: he ■ 4 DAVID HAEIr, ffellsboro, Kov. 4, 1863.-ly. EZAAS. WALTOS HOWSIB, nj Gaines, Tioga County, Pa. '",l 3, C. VERMILYEA .......Proprietl t. THIS is a new hotel located within easy 4 b obs! of the best fishing and banting groanSs'ln Northern Pennsylvania. rlo painfi will be spared .hr lie nocommodation of pleasure seekers and the W y ilheg pablio. £ Jan. 1,186& _• A. FOLEY, j", / : Watches, Clocks, Jewelrv, fee., &cv, REPAIRED AT OLD PRICES. POST OFFICE BUILDING, NO. 5, UNION BLOCK, - > WelUboro, May 20, 1863. - - ;1 H W. Williams, Wm. U.fSJdt^B. WILLIAMS & SMITH, LJTORNE7S AMD aOVESELORS.Kf.IA-W, BOCKTY & PESSIOW ' AGEJH3T. , Rtnin Street. WoUahoro. Pa, January 4, 1866-ly. S. E. SHAIBLIIf, -h, BARBER & HAik-DRESSER, Shop Over C. L. Wilcox's Store tfellsboro, Deo 7* 1864. . - WBSTEKBf EXCHANGE HOTi iL. KNOXVILLE,! BOROUGU. PA'. THE undersigned having‘leased the above for a term of years would respectfully in#rm, lie traveling public that ho has put the Hotel lit .first :lit; order tor the reception of guests and no pliha t,U be spared it) the accommodation of t;far as the situation will allow, ho will ■first tkss Hotel, in all things, except ptices, which. 1 Will k modeiate. i’leaso try us and-judgefor yourst--hes. K&uiville, Oct. 19, 186 —tf. J fi. MARX* REVENUE STAMPS. . TOES M. PHELPS, Deputy Collector of; A ins ♦J field, has just received a large lot of Ret tone Sitau, of all denominations, from one cent up t ‘s6. icy person wishing Stanpa can get them At twy , ffiee i: Mansfield, or of M. BULLARD, Assistant A]ss£ !sor, nWellsboro, Pa, J* M. k. M&nsfield, May 2, 1864. . P. NEWELL, DBSTISt; * MANSFIELD, TIOGA COUNTY, FA., TS prepared to operate in'all the i, ip various departments of filling, arritg artificial dentures, Ac. . MtajficM, August 10, 1864-1 y. ; **\ WELLSBOBO HOTEL" (Comer Main Street ond the , Avenue,)- Wellsboeo/ Pa. B. &. HOLIDAY, .Proprietor. ’ * One of the most popular Houses ia. the Jconuty. Itii Hotel is the principal Stego-honseXn W-fllsboto. iugej leave daily as follows : , t ht Tioga, at 9a. m. ; For Troy, at_ Ba. ‘t’ser Shore every Tuesday and Friday at I p*Jsa*,j ?or Coudersport, every Tuesday and Friday 2^ Stages "Tioga, at 12 I-: From Troy,at 6 o’clock p-m.; Fron*-Jto*®by Tuesday arid Friday 11 a. m.: From Qourors* Py Tuesday »ad Friday II a. m. - - K. B.—-Jimmy Gow<Jen, tho well-known found ou hand,- - - ' *v Oct. 6, 1864-ly. - • j/j - HUGH -YdTJWG| -V Bookseller ' & sTA-rio'jfEU, AND SEA L-I BIN f•- & t-encan Clocks, American, ’ English, an£ Sw ss "Metes, Jewelry, Silver Plated'Ware, Sp-totacfss, "Clare Frames, Photographic Ajhnms, Sterehsoof is, wnesoopes, Perfamery, Yankee Notions, kFhhi >g Inkle and Flies, and Fancy and Toilet Articles!’; &• SCHOOL BOOKS of every kind ns/d iaifle ‘■Aunty, constantly on hand and sent by mail or <?th- Mvise, io order. * ■ ■ J ’5.5, UNION BLOCK, WELLSBOR.O, PA 1 . F9R SALE.—HOUSE &.LOT on Maiir Street, adjoininsr Wright & bailey’s Store. 20 apres ol in Delmar, between John Gray and Merrick. ■ OUBe Rod Lot on Covinetdn Street. - r ;vT * terms; apply to HENRY SHKRWOOD^sq,. May 31> 186$-tf. ~ - ■*. y - „ pLOCU AKD FEED, BUCK WHEAT fh iUR, iV p,,rk and Salt, Tea. Coffee, 4ojp. ■ Salentug. Tobacco and Kerosene o*l. ■- . Also, Mackerel; White Fish, and Trout, b;,i 'lie f ‘ c «ge or pound. ■ -'' -'• • w „ CIIAS. k H. VAN VALKENIsIJKG. tllf Wo, Jane 28, 1865. ' ’ '' ll ■ ' I 1 PROTECTIVE WAR CLAIM AND PSNISIMK a Ar, EN( , Y op THE g _ g ANI COM «MOK— All the papers and correspondence re ir!i nV J P roc “re Pensions, Bounty, and Bhch. P [y. Money for discharged SOLDIERS.rod c ,OoES.and for the RELATIVES of Soldiote »nd ,n. l _* dying in the service of the; United Sfnles. ..and forwarded, and the proceeds Dll ® CHaRq co 'l ecu; d, remitted-to the SE ■ Office 1307 Chestnut street.- Philadclp-ila. , r for further information of assistance,'appTito Lucy Moore llnrcniaßS, Wellsboro,- V S' E. Morris, Mansfield, " Associate Managers for Tioga ly. JTeeoewe lamps at;: V„ r .’i T lirtlje SSjctenoton of tfa &teu of Jfmaom suU tlie greats of Reform. VOL. XL RICHMOND HAS FALLEN 1 And so Kad the'pzice of DRT GOODS lEG; HAS SURRENDERED, AND W-E HAVE SURRENDERED THE EX-.". TEME HIGH PRICES OP. ■. J ( - - GOODS. . .. , y , . '' ‘" 'i THE PEOPLE’S STORE^; is to tLeir,stock of r' GOODS, BOUGHT. - DURING , THE .i DATE ... :.-v and they Will bs sold at THE LOWEST MARKET .RiTEJST~~ .. .. ... . ..... j. We have made arrangements to get. Goods every week, and as we keep in regard to. ’ the iVew York Market, we shall at •- . all times make tho etock on hand conform to REGARDLESS OF GOST, . ' and we wish it distinctly understood, that however much others may blow, - , WS; DO; NOT INTEND' TO BE quality of goods considered. It shall be our aim to , keep constantly on hand a good stock of ’ " ~. . snob goods as the commodity r ~ ", *•' ' require, and ■■■ . SUCH ARTICLES AS WILL GIVE BATIBFAC , TION TO THE C.ONSEMBB. ’‘ ' ” THE ONE PRICE SYSTEM -- nnder which our busineli has ‘constantly increased for the laht ten year's will be adhered to, . . aa-also thee ; ■ READY RAY 3 SYSTEM more recently adopted. Don't bny-until J , YOU HAVE ‘EXAMINED OUR STOCK AND PRICES. - . STORE JOfSBOTiY OPPOStTK : THE ttrCKiH- ;‘ • sow HO.tJBB,-. Sc .."'•'S- ‘ • ; and first door east of Hungerforfi's Bank. SMITH & WAITS,.- Doming, N. Y*, May J 7,1866, THE .BIG. FIGHT having-teen closed up by Messrs. Grant, Sherman Sheridan,'AfOffq' i KELLY & PUKVIS •! i ■: *-;m_ -have volunteered for a wnr of uxtetiDjcation against high Prices, and will be found entrenched behind, u huge pile of . ~ ; NEW AND CHEAP GOODS at the old OSGOOD STAND, where their commnni tions with New York cannot be interrupted. They i»ve-just-received a good ateck of t.p - - ■> - r %&. SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS, such &■ Bareges, Hosiery, Notions, Boots and Shoes, etc-,jn fact everythin gin the Dry Goods line may be. found at onr counters, and purchased at prioos correaponding to the into HEAVY-FAEL IN GOODS. We also iirrite purchasers to examine our fine stock of GioPEßpsr Can't be beat this side ef New York. Remember tho placer Corner." - -t- - I KELIt-X A. PURVIS. Wcilsboro, Apr. JJETROLEUM! PETROLEUM'!' ' Geologists and practical- men* unhe-'in-their belief ‘ and so feport that iHe- J :•.* - ; Discovery of Oil in-.Wcllsibdrb V* '/ 1 is near at hand. * - ’ ; - ' • T* Bat I would say to the people of’ '* * ’ . "IV TIOGA COUNTY & ViqiWITY, * {before’ investing .your Capital.uuPil I have recently purchased the Stock of Q<y>df .of M. Bullard; cbnsisting of f CLOTHING, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS,' GAPS. Ac., all at a great reduction from ‘ ' i.k Mew ViM'K. Johbiilg Prices, and am bound-to give to my customers the-advantage OF MY PURCHASE. ; ' Being desirous of closing oat tbc r Clothing .part of fchia Stock. I now offing, the entire Stock ’ .« :.' • AT COST ¥OK CASH,I - ; hIaTS AND/CAPS, I I will almost gtve nway; a+ alf events, will sell them so cheap you will hardly know the difference.' • -Call soon bn J availyourself . BARE OPPORTUNITY., . r Remember the place, thd Cheap’ Cask; Store, Roy's ‘Building. f Cl P.’ CARD;^". Wellsboro. J’an.’2s, 1885i-tf. WALTER A. WOOD'S PRIZE Wood Mower has been in general use' for the 1 past fire years. It embraces'all the qualities.* hcces-*' sary-tq make a porfiict,Mower., It recommends itself to erery fanner for the simplicity of its‘construction. , It is prore ito be the lightest draft. It’ takes, the * preference for durability, easy mnnagement,*nnd gOod~ work—Machines fully -warranted*. Send for Circu-' lars—Price $ll5 delivered on the cars at Corning. ; - - EDGAR HILL, Agent, Corning, N. Y. Mny 31, lSfls-tf., . - . - j' F3R‘ SALE.—One’; Lsrge Dajry"keUle and Rtovo Eot s&H at a low rate—ln quire at “ : ,S a?p. BRISKS* EL. WHILE THERE SHALL.BE A WRONG ONRIGHTED, AND UNTIL “MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN" SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE WELLS 15 v ; i *j new prices, BY- ANY, AGITATOR. Lt J vt. GRO, TIOGA COUNTY> PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 16, 1865. Select 13 om*!?. YOUR MIBSIOJff. If you cannot on the ocenn, • Sail among the swiftest-fleet. Rocking on the tho highest billows. Laughing at the storms yon meet; Ton* call stand among the sailors)* ' ' * " Anchored yet wlthin tho bay, • Yon can lend a hand to faolp them,: . • j As they launch thoir boats away. ... If you are too weak to journey . Up the, moantoin steep and high, , 4 ~ t , ■ “You can stand within the valley,' ; multitudes go by; * 1 ~‘ lj ** : You can chant id happy* measure . - U Aa they.slotyly pass.along,, Though they,may fprpet the singer, . , ‘ “Xhey niay not forgeUthe song." ,If you have not gold,and silver.. , - ; , ' Ever ready to 'command/ v "* ‘ ~ *' 5 If ’yoa-eanhdUlQwafxls T lhdneedy ' ■ •* y -br u Reach an ever open hand; * I: rtu ‘■sf.: - t , ‘-You cab vis]Vthe - ; ■. ~v r _, t . •«/ p'erAhe emng you can weep, * .. .. * V '" a true disciple^ -WC Sittii'<f -ai ihe-Sitviotir’e /eefi' '■- : •'-- ' J/ -'' - i 7 ‘ Tf you ckhnot in ' ; ~icp#ove yourself a r £ i . .If, where fire and smoke are thickest,' 1. j Theresa no work for you to do . T . ‘ ‘When the battle-field is’fcilent, ' , -^j ; You can*go with careful tread, ‘ •' '- u **‘ v -You can bear away the wounded;-v <t* You can cover up the dead. ■ w . - not then stand idly waiting, > i.'\ For f Bome greater work t0,d.0 !.- •.**- j . JForfcune is a lazy goddess, . . * She will never edme to you.' -■ <Jo and toil in any vineyard, ‘ - * i* Do not fear to do or dare; ■ ,> r- • j 3 ; :;Tf yon teant a fiold of.labor, -. . < .You can.find it anywhere. •*---• ' . .J .1 A<->. r [Advertisement.] ' ' Wellsboro/Pa., Angnat'9,lB6s. Mr. VICTOR A. ELLIOTT, late Major 2Mth Regi -5 " mertt Pa. Fob. -Sir : On arriving at this Borough last evening, I was somewhat surprised at seeing an article in the Agitator beaded “Advertisement," with your name thereto attached, reflecting, to a certain extent, upon and course during my term of service as Ooionol of the 207th Regiment P. V. As the “ Ad vertisement” has been withheld from the time of our .muster eat of service, I ta*e it .for granted that just atThis particular time yourtlesigh is to defeat me, if possible, in : my efforts to obtain a nomination at the bands of the honest voters of Tioga County. But to the “ Advertisement”: I will first say that after 1 bad "secured the privilege from the authorities atHar 'rishui,g‘ i W‘raise a regiment, ! camo to Wellsbnro to 'Seo wbat the ■prospects were for raising men. ' Shortly after] 1 met yon at the Pennsylvania, Hotel, and was - made aware that you were at work against me at the time] for-you had posters all over the county telling the people how to avoid the draft, Ac. But you found it war up hill business, arid came to me and said you could not recruit men unless you told them that you were .going to take them in my regiment. You asked me wfaut was the best I could do lor. you in case you brought your men with me. I promised to do “ the fail* thing"/ by you, which I did. •. On the - morning of the filth of September. 1864, at Harrisburg; L no- Ufl<»fi wy cffiiwra to xn'eet bft at Iliv nutv)ft>a'w Immediately after the meeting was organized, the officers proceeded to elect the Field and Staff by bal lot, and when you and Captain-Bale.wero duly nomi .anted for M»ijor, two of the line officers came to me .and enquired who they should vote for. I told them Eliiolt." If they hud voted for Hale, you would have been defeated. At that pleating I did not vote -for any one, but acknowledge that X gave my influ ence in favor of Mr. Reynolds for Chaplain, and went with you and Captain Bacl.er the same nis bt to (he tclegiHph office,*an'd k ?ebt'lT'^nVpa'fCtT to Mr. Reynolds, stating that be duty- elected Chaplain, and reqwesting him to. accept.and come on at. once. The oext*day when I reported the proceedings to General Husscll, he informed, bo* that the election was not 'Jeghl; as to the Cbaplalin, that he would bavo to get a majority of the names on paper after theCofficers were duly mustered. Mr. Wilson, who was thereat . the time, and was very anxious for the Chaplaincy, tbok advantage of the illegality of Reynold's election, 'and did secure a majority ortho officers names to bis /paperand brought It to me, and, according to law, I .vrasbound to approve it, and' did, calculating that Mr. Reynolds had due time to’reply: I desire to be brief, and will call ybur attention to of :Mr~ Wesoman, M« D.:-. .' - I. ■ Tiugd County , et: . ' Before me, the subscriber, a Justice of the Pence*, -,|n and for said county, personally- appeared William M. F. Weseman, late Quartermaster of the 207th regi ment,. Pa. Vols., who, after being dnly sworn accord ing did declare on oath that ou the9th day of September, A. X>. 1864, 1 was at the United States Hotel in the City of Harrisburg, Pa., I then and-there benrd R. C. Cox, of the aforesaid regiment, say in tbepresenceof Major V. A. Elliott, of the same regi ment, that Chaplain Wilson had secured a-majority •of-tbfi officers names to a paper fortfaa Chaplaincy of the.regiment, and that ho regretted .that the election was pot legal] that was in favor of Mr. Reynolds, and 'thath'6 wondered that Reynoldsjaad never .answered the dispatch ; be said ho did not believe he would ac sCeidrthCi’ppEitioß |n the. field; as Chaplain, to which .Major Elliott replied that ho certainly would; the Colonel then stated that-the papers of Wilson had •Weir approved-and that ho did not think it worth while for'Mr. Reynolds to .come on as it had been . four days bad tbedispatch. An officer stood,at the time. X 1 dp .recollect- whether it ; "was Elliott fit noti.he's'ald if,tbQ,eloction of Mr. Rey nolds waf not legal then’the papers of-Wilson'are not -degalpfor semoYif'the officers paper • wefb'not mustered ; the Colonel replied that he would : at all times’ respect a’ majority of ’ bis officers, and j when asked if he would allow the whole matter to go I before the officers for* a 'fair vote • In case Reynolds J'camo on he replied he'iwaa willing. . L j - ■ -a. - Wm. F. Wesehah, M. D., : | r / . Late Ist Lieut, and R. ‘o* M. 207th P..Y. ! and'subscribed this 7lh day of August, A. fb. 1865,bbforeme. ; ' X-J. Werline, J.-P t 1 K 'Second. When we waro *on the front line of the k defences of Bormuda Hundred; you were there, in Oc ; tober 1864, put under arrest by Colonel Potter, cpm * mending Brigade, for a matter that I thought very | trifling. You remained in that condition during bur : stiy in the Army of the James. During that time I 1 made application to have you restored to your'eom j-mond. -Xho Colonel replied that,faci did not : punish . .you Tor sleeping too late in the moraing, but lor your impudent language. 1 - 1 Third. The reason why I did hot send yourap-. i plication to my superior officers, for leave of absence, |.I was told by them that.you could not be allowed.to |go hotpe at that time $ and you know-full well that I i advised you* to see the Chaplain and come to my tent and .have the whole matter Betticd,.if possible; to ' which you replied that you were ‘‘ under no obliga tions to tho Chaplain." The result was that! fpr ■ warded the papers after wailing until I feared that I ( was implicating myself, according to military law.' 1 In April, 1865, while at Eurko Station, yob learned, so I was told, that it waff in my power •to restore you to your command. You made th6-..r0. . quests pud Tat once . made, .an application to my su periors for your release from arrest anil confinement. I will hero call your attention to the affidavit of Goo. M. Bastian, premising that when Bastian made that affidavit I did not-wish the particulars-of this case to go before the public. -Consequently it is left without more than that, in his opinion, I was justified In hcTusing to.proceed further. ; ' Tiopa Countifj 88: - • . Beforo.rae, the subscriber, a Justice of the -Peace, in and for'said County, personally came GeJrgo M.. Bastian, later Adjutant of the- 20Ith Regiment; Pa. . Vols.,,who : after’being dulyjnrbrn, aiidccmro on oath' that on or»bout day qf A. D, 1865,, RpbeQy.Cf-Cox, late Colonel of k the aforesaid S tx ment, did-moke an application to his superior officers to have .Major V. A. Elliott, of tho same-Regiment restored to his command, ho, the Major, being then in arrest and confined to tho limits of his Regiment. Sqme three weeks after, tho papers weroreturned in a Blotted condition, with a request that the Colonel make But another application on a clean paper which ho re fused to do for reason, that in my opinion fully justi fied him in thus refusing, and furthe'r salth not. ' ' \ v'-r v ' i * -• Qeoeqe M. Bastias, , •; ;,, Date Adjutant 207th Pa^Yols. Sword this 7tb day of August, A. Di 1865, before .me. ' J. *J. Weuxihe, J. P. My refusal was based upon the feet that, in a con versation a few nights. before with Capt. James A. Rogers, Co, B, 207th ?. V., you made use of tho fol lowing language: “If ,it had not been for.those treacherous devils that helped Abe Chaplain get me court-martaled, rwohld have been in that fight ; and every tone oftbem deserves to be court-martialed. I hope the Lord wickedness, but if my prayers bad been answered they would all have Seen to hell on’that dayA''* - '- - -' - : c/ioi Very respectfully, yours, R. C. Cox; •. ~ v-,.- . Late Colonel 267th P. Y.r s. tell \. ‘ THE PBTROtEmS ROCES. : If half a dozen saucers be placed one : with in another, and the edges ground down nearly to a level with'the middle of the upper saucer, •■we shitli'have an illustration of the position of the several layers of rocks that form the basin in which pur petroleum is found. This may serve indeed as an illustration .of most of the rock fqrnlations that make up the crust of the earth,' for as they have generally been‘deposit ed in-the bottoms of lakes or seas, they exist inthe- form of- basins. The illustration does not present, an exact parallel, as the rock basins are irregular in their outline, and unequal in the thickness of the several strata, as compar ed with each other, and in different parts of the same stratum. • The=basin-in which petroleum is found em braces .Lake Erie, .the western part of .Penn sylvania .and portjons of Kentucky, Virginia and Ohio. The rocks were deposited in the bottom of an ocean which was bounded by land on the north and east, and was open to the south and west. The materials for these deposits werfl obtained by the wearing away of the eastern mountainous shore of the ocean, and they were distributed by.currents over the bottom of the sea.j - they are consequently of the greatest thickness at. the eastern' edge, and ; become thinner towards the west; they are al so composed of coarse fragments in the eastern portion, and the sand and other matter grows regularly finer in the western and thinner stra ta. ... ' ■ r - Earing all the time that these rooks were being deposited the sea. was swarming with fishes, and their bones in innumerable multi tudes aro mingled-W.ith the sand and mud that is now hardened info’ atone’. 'Waiter" the am phibious animals were created, and in the upper and more recent rooks their remains are found in great numbers mingled-witb those of fishes. Prints o.£ seaweeds'are.found in all. the for mations, but while the lower rocks contain no trace of any land plant, the vast coal deposits of the upper series .have been formed' by the decomposition of peat and marsh vegetation. The lowest formation in which oil occurs iu paying quantities is the oorniferoua limestone, so called because it contains nodules of horn stone flint. This is that ancient coral' reef which was built up immeasurable ages ago in the warm and shallow waters along what was then the southern shore of the North American continent." It can now.ha traced along the southern shore of Lake Ontario, the northern shore of lake Huron-and-Miehigan and north ward far toward, the Pacific. Next above the corniferons is the Hamilton formation, which furnishes the flagstones for pur sidewalks. The rich oil,, wells of .E.nnes killen, in Canada, are in the corniferons and Hamilton rocks. Nest-is the Portage- group of sandstones, the rim of the deposit coming to- the surface along the southern shore-of- Lake Erie,-where oil has been found in this rock. _. r . • Continuing upward we now come to. the Chemung group of rocks, in which seven eighths-of our-petroleum is found! The rim of this deposit-is-traued-nearly around the ba sin, cstendingTsduth of the Portrge a-little in land from the shore of -Lake Erie, banding southward through Ohio and Kentucky, and reappearing in several folds on the western •slopes of the Alleghanies. The wells of Oil Creek aro in the lower portion of: the Chemung, those of Tidioute and Eeonomite, in the -mid dle portion, and.those of Meccaand north-east ern Ohiotin the, upper portion. The rocks of this group ate mostly alternate layers of sand stone and soft slate' or shale. - The interior of the basin is filled with the car boniferous, or- coal-deposrtr." The coal occurs in smaller basins, which might be represented inohrullustration by.tiny Bauoersiset within, the,upper of the larger ones, the spaces above and below thc basins,of coal being filled with clay and sandstone, the last deposits upon the bottom of this sea, before the slow upheaval of the continent-'lifted it from the waters, and it became dry iand...- Tbe welisof Smith's Ferry and Beaver R. oil are in the lowercarboniferoag.; those of Dun kirk Creek, Fayette and Greene- countyj-Penn., are in.the middle carboniferous ; and the shal low wells of West Virginia and Marietta dis tricts are in the tipper coals. - The Cetskill portion’of the Chemung is 800 feet'in thickness, perpendicular to the strata, on the Catskill mountains, and. thins out to. tbe Alleghany river in AlcKean xonnly, Pa, where itjust tinges the soil. The Portage is 1700 feet, and the Chemung 1200 feet in their eastern portion, but east of the Cuyahoga River in Ohio they merge together. The Genesee elate is 300 feet thick, on the Genesee,' 30 feet on Lake Brie and does not reach Ohio, The Hamilton group is 1000, feet, thick in.. Hamilton county, N.-Y.,nnd in Canada at the west only 15Q feet thick. . The whole of .the above series are above, .6500 feet in thickness in their eastern portion, about 600 feet in Portsmouth on the Ohio; and 50 feet on Mississippi. __ The three sandstones of Oil Creek are local .’deposits, of' very small' extent, and it is labor ' lost '(o'sink' wells in Ohio in search* of the * * third .b^r‘eosvjhp|pe- gard the corniferous limestone as the mother of oil, and who are sinking wells at Oil Creek in search of that formation, are also doomed to disappointment. The slow, upheaval of the continent continued after the middle of the great basin was raised above the ocean, and it is now 800 feet above the. level of the sea. Neither was the work of creation suspended; as the seas were inhabited by snceessive species of fishes and amphibians, so the vast plains have been the abodes of successive species of land animals, which have one after another become extinct. - Even since the advent of man this order of succession has been continued. We know that the race of mohnd builders, with their skill in working copper, wore sucoeded .by the more- savage and warlike Indiana, whose bast implements, were, made ofstone, and these have been swept away by a. race; who read the Scientific'American, and discuss the. problems of aerial- navigation and the conservation of force. ~ • In the slow oscillations of the earth's ernat, perhaps some, millions of years hence these plains of waiving grain may be again lowered beneath the level, of the-sea, the -waters may then be inhabited by new species of fishes yet to be created, and ships, propelled by engines at present undreamed of, may navigate the sur face of a stermy ocean a thousand fathoms a bove tho submerged mins* of Pittsburg and Cincinnati. —Scientific American- ~ ‘Hamas Progress. It is not fonr hundred years since Copernicus was ridiculed for asserting the daily revolution of onr globe, and .the comparative fixedness of the sun in the heavens. He who would now stand forth to assert jths contrary would not be ridiculed, but wonld merit universal pity and contempt. . The earth moves, even as the old German, and the later and more persecuted Italian, Galileo, demonstrated; bat no more sure and Wonderful Ts the movement of our globe, and the .universe of which it is bnt a fraction, than is the march and progress of the human mind. Practical and flooded with light as is.our age, we, are too near to, and familiar with, its many marvels to appreciate them—to feel truly and folly the advance we enjoy in knowledge, skill and toleration (which embra ces the humanities) as compared with even our -forefathers on this soil. ' Had there arisen, in the days of Salem Witch craft, prophets prophesying the half of what has been discovered and demonstrated among men, from)the birth of the steam engine to the launch of the “Leviathan,” those prophets would have been booted and stoned, and most likely, have bad their heresies, and lunacies, . and evil spirits ot wliatatrop kidnAy, unread. by rope.and faggot. That which is common-place enough with oiir age, and which we are in no wise astonished'to see excelled or done away any day, is much of it really more fabulous, measured by the judgement two oentnriea ago, than any conjuration of Cagliostro—more strange, and fanciful, and revolutionizing, than the genii of the Arabian tales. And perhaps the most notable, as well as the noblest proof of human progress, lies in- this superior toleration which pervades the mind of our age, and which forbids, in the name of both God and man, that anything shall be cried down by bigotry or prejudice, but rather de mands' that all things shall stand or fall in keeping with the dignity of human reason.— True, here and there, owing to the personal necessities and perturbations of tyrants, there is a lack of freedom of speech on certain themes within the pale of Christendom, when king or ruler dare to torture or martyr, a Copernicus or a Galileo. - The human intellect can speak out fearless in behalf of ncience and art over the civilized world, whether it be to confirm or overthrow old knowledge and ideas. This is the very grandest contest which the haman mind has achieved. In securing freedom and toleration for intellect, it has thrown open the whole kingdom of error to the assault of inves tigation, before which no wrong nor lie can long stand. With this attainment, all other desirable progress is possible. ... Curious Facts about Putting Timber. —Cat timber from September to December and you cannot get a worm into it. October and Nov ember are perhaps the best months, and sure to avoid worms. t Gut from March to June, and you cannot save the timber from worms or borers. May used to bo' called “peeling time” in my boy: hood, and much was then done in procuring bark for tanneries when the sap is up in the trunkand all the pores as full of sap ; whereas in, the fall and early winter these pores are all empty ; then is the time to cut, as there will be ho worms. " When you see an ox-bow with the bark tight, there-aro ho worms, no powder-post, and you caunot separate it from the wood; and what is true in one kind is true in all kinds of tim ber, and every kind has its peculiar kind of worm. The pine, I believe, has the largest worms, and these worms' work many years. I have found them alive and at work in white oak-spokes that I knew bad been in my garret over twelve yeats, and they were much larger than at first:—they do not stop in the sap, but continue in the solid part. I never think of haying timber unless it is cat within tbe time above alluded to. I have often wondered that there baa not been more said upon this subject, as it is one of. great importance, even for firewood, and especially for shipbuilding, &o.— Cor. Boston Recorder. ' Charley W , manly little fellow of five years, fell and out his upper lip so badly - that a surgeon had to be eatnmoned to sew up the wound. ,-He sat in his mother's lap during , tbe painful operation, pale, but very quiet, re solutely shutting back his tears and moans.— In her distress, the young mother could not refrain from saying, “Oh, doctor, I fear it will leave a disfigured soar Charley looked up . into her tearful face., and said, in a comfort ing, tone. .‘•Never mind, mamma, my mu. ■ taxhe mll cover ii 7” . : Rater of jUYertlafnfci Advertuemeuti will ba charged f 1 per (quire of It tinea, one insertion, and $1.50 for three imertloa*. Advertisements of less than 10 tinea considered' u a square.- The subjoined rates will be charged for Quarterly, Half-Yearly and Yearly advertisement*: 1 Square,. 2 do. . 3 do. „ 1 Column, 4 do. . 1 do. . Advertisements not saving the number of inser tions desired marked upon them, will be published until ordered out and charged accordingly. Posters, Handbills, Bill-Heads, Better-Head*,'end all kinds of Jobbing-done in country establishments, executed neatly and promptly. Justices*, Constable?! and other BLANKS, constantly on hand, . - NO. 50. ttommunitutian. [Written for The Agitator.] _ THE BOOK OP " JHPP.” After these things Abraham increased daily in wisdom, and all the people loved him, save only a few who were like nnto the Jeffites. And be said once again onto the people who tarried in their bouses, come ap to fight against Jeff, for his host is numerous, and it behoove* as to unite numbers with valor, and lay waste his country, and destroy hhn if he return not to his allegiance. And they came up by thousands and by tana of thousands, until Abraham numbered many great armies. Then he sent them upon the borders, and'sent them within the revolted col onies to subdue them, and they fought there, and diacomfitted the men of Jeff, albeit the men of Abraham were sometimes discomfited. And as they -warred one with another, pris oners sometimes fell into the hands of Abra ham, and sometimes into those of Jeff. Now Jeff was more cruel than any man, and bad not in all respects tbs understanding of a man. For be said onto the keepers of bis pris on pens, “ give thon unto the prisoners whioh fall into our bands, no sustenance, save pros* ender, and take then from them their clothing so that they die and no more annoy us," and the rumor thereof spread throughout all the land of the free, andl men shall fear to oomoup to the help of Abraham. And the jailers fed the prisoners with pror ender, and corn ground with the basks, saoh as the men of Abraham fed to their males, their horses, their beasts of harden, and their swine. And of the provender they gave them small measure, and many of the captives fell down dead daily. Now in Jeff dwelt neither wisdom, nor righteousness, nor understanding, and die fear of God was not before his eyes, but pis heart burned with desire to rale over the land of Columbia, even as he ruled ever the revolted provinces; but the men of Abraham forbade it. And Jeff cast in bis mind what he should do. And he said within himself, behold I will build more ships, with which to war against Abra ham. - - And he sought out men of canning devices, workers in iron, and heavy metals-; and thsy built him many cunningly devised ships of iron, called rams, whioh would strike with their heads; and when Jeff saw them he laughed in his heart, for he said, “ of osnrety I shall now destroy the ships of Abraham.” Eat the men of Abraham slept not, 'till they had built greater vesaelb, of still more canning device, with which the seafaring men of Jen were daily beaten in battle. blow Jeff eon enro gviewej in ilnmA tliiey ind terror laid hold of him. - Meeta Mklqrote the Scbibe. Covington, 1865. . I • Educational. —Dick Davenant believes -in potting things exactly as thgy are according to to Lindley Marry, and keeping them so at some body’s expense. Dick has a mill down there on " the opper Brandywine, makes the best corn meal in mar ket, and has the widest range of custom of any miller in four Delaware Hundreds.’ The other morning Sam Slather, slam banged into Dick’s mill after a hundred of meal, and put it to Dick this way— “ Mornin,’ Dick. What's meal 1” -- “ Meal, as usual, Sam.” ' * Sho 1 I mean how is it ?” - . - “ “ Pretty-well, thank you. Always is I” “ Blast it, man 1 what do you charge for it!” “ Don’t charge at all, Sam. Hare to sell for cash these war times.” ‘ “ Oh, thunder I How does it go ?” “In barrels, bags, pillow-cases, sometimes in tin pans.” “ Confound it all ? How can you afford it I’’ “ I can't, in reality. But I haye to sell it as low as they do down in the village.” “ Lightnin’ 1 Can’t you understand En glish?” “ Not in yonr way of speaking it.” “ Well I’ll be cussed. Hera’s a five dollar note. Will that buy a hundred ?” “ A hundred what, Sam ?” . “ Gosh I can’t I make the..man understand me ? Mr. Davenant, I want to buy a hundred weight of corn meal. How much will it bo ?” “ It will be a hundred weight." “"Look here, Dick—take this five and give me some meal for it.” “ Certainly, Mr. Slathers. Here is a dollar change, and now I will weigh yon out a hun dred pounds of meal.” The proverb of “Circumstances alter eases,” had a spicy illustration the other day at a Boston hotel, and two parties, one from this city, and the other of Boston, participated therein; - A young man, who is the least bit feminine in his appearance, parting his hair in the middle, etc., went to Boston, and .while in that city, was taken with a severe fit of cholic. Stop ping at a hotel he put himself to bed, and sent for a physician. The doctor came, felt of . his patient's pulse, examined his stomach, and in quired solemnly if his habits were “regular;" to which the yonng man, somewhat surprised, answered in the affirmative. The doctor then cautiously and politely informed his patient that his symptoms manifested some probabili ties of an increase of the census in a short time. Tho surprise of the cholic-stricken young man at this singular announcement was only eqnalled.by.tbat oiLtha doctor when he discovered the true sex of his patient. "Cir cumstances alter cases,” always. —Springfield Union. A fast man undertook the task of teasing an eccentric preacher. “Do you believe,'.' he said, "in the story of the prpdigal son and the fatted calf?” “ Yea," said the preacher. “ Well, then, "was it a male or female calf that was killed f” “ A female,” promptly replied the dirine. “ How do you know that f” “ Because," looking the man steadily in tbs face, “ I see that the male isalire now.”. ’ 3 UOMTH3, 6 XOOTB3. 13 KWtTBi. 54.00 $5.75 $W# .... 6.00 8.25 10.0* 8.75 10.75 13.60 lO.OO 13.00 15.7# 13.75 25.00 T 81.50 30.00 43,00 50,00 CHAPTER VI.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers