The Tioga Oouuty Agitator
3Y Mt. H. 0088.
, onbiisheJ every Wednesday morning and mailed to
bribers at ONE DOLLAR AND FIFTY 'CENTS.
!,5r year, always !N ADVANCE.
' jj, paper is sent postage free to county aubaeri
• tlloa gh they may receive their mall at post-offices
located ia counties immediately adjoining, for con’ ‘e-
AettAioa i* the Official paper of Tioga 0o„
, folates in erery neighborhood therein.- Sab
*n [ptioas being en the advance pay system, it cirju
f, among a class most to the interest of tidsverti jfrs
"'reach. Terms to advertisers as liberal as those of.
ftreJ by any paper of equal circulation in Northern
Pennsylvania. - J
1 \ cross on the margin of a paper, denotes
thstthe subscription is about, to expire. :
10 papers will "be stopped when the subscription
time expires, unlee* the agent orders, their conton-;
sots. . ... -
jXsTIoWBEir tk S. F. wj&SCTL
i lIORNEYS & COUNSELLORS at L. ,W,
A ’»ni attend the Courts'ot Tioga, Potter.kud
jlcKenn counties. [W’ellsboro, Jan. 1, 188,'..] ,
JOHN I.MITCHELL,
Attorney and counsellor at law.
Tioge Village, Tioga County, Penu’h.
Prompt attention to Collections. - ' . .
March 1, 1564.-ly. r ■ . . . ■
JEBOME It. Ifll.ES,
A TTOHNr.r*- COUNSELLOR AT LAW;..
Wellsboro, Tioga Cotmtv, Pa.,
Having been speoially:lioonMd.bjr, the UmTaitoSto!.,
for the Prosecution of ClaimsTbr Pensions,, XBuok
Pty and Bounties. -
Particular attention willhc given to-that Cl»» ; of
borinsss. . J- B. NIUS. .
ffellshoro, Feb. 14, 1864—ly* -
pfiIJfSVLTASLI! HOUSE, r.
00B.SEB or MAIN STREET AND THE AVEf.UR,
Wellsboro, Pa, \ 1
j. W. BIGONY,. .........Proprf«tor v
THIS popular Hotelj' having been
and re-famished throughout, is now open't.o. the
public ns a first-class house. [Jan. 1, ISfcfc]
67 H ARUmOTEt: 1
WELLSBOBO,TIOGi CO. PEN If A.
THE subscriber takes this method to-inform
hiiold friends.and customers that.he hef- re
■Misd the conduct of- the. old “ Crystal Fountain
Hotel," and will hereafter give it his entire attention.
Thankful fer past favors, he solicits a renewal oft the
urns. • . * DAVJD HA*?'.
Wellsboro, Nov. -4, 1863.-ly. ; ‘
IZAAK WALTON HOUSE, j
Guinea, Tioga County, Pa. •
H. Cr VEBMILYEA,; ..Proprietor.
THIS is a new hotel located within
oits of the best fishing and hunting grounds in
Sortbsrn Pennsylvania. No pains will be spared for
the secouunodation of pleasure seekers and the trav
iliiogpnblic. [Jan. 1,18*?.]
A. P«IBI, : v ,
Watches, Clocks, Jewelrv, &c<, Sc.,
REPAIRED AT ODD PRICES.
POST OFFICE BUILDING,
NO. 5, UNION block: \
Wellsboro, May 20, 1863. r* *
H. W. Williams,
WILLIAns <k SiUIXH,.
attorneys and counselors at JMw,
BOUNTY & PENSION AGENCY.
SSain Street, Wellsboro. Pa.
January 4, 1865-ly. ' • - .
8. F. SHAIBEIN, ; ,
BARBER & HAIR-DRESSER,
Shop (n‘i% 0. :hr Witcirx'* ,'Siore. -
Wellsboro, Dec 7, 1864.
WESXJEB-M JEXCHAMGE HOTfiL.
KNOXVILLE, BOROUGH. Pi'
THE andortigned haring leased the abore ,Sotel
for a term of year* would respectfully"' inform
the traveling public that he has put the Hotel in first
disorder for the reception 'guests and nb pain*
will be spared in the accommodation of traveler* pud
a far as the situation will allow, he will keep a first
class Hotel, in all things, except prices, which wi)l
be modelaie. Please try us and judge for jodraclres.
Knoxville, Oct. Id, . J* fl* MABXXN.
REVENUE BTAJIPS.
JOUN M. PHELPS, Deputy Collector of Mans
field, has just received a large lot of . Revenue
Slams, of all denotnipaUons, from one, cent up to $5.
Aov pereon wishing dSa’nps -ban got them jU jny office
io Mansfield, or of M. BULLARD, Assistant’Assessor,
st WelUboro, Pa. J. M. PHELPS. ,
Mansfield, May 2, 1884. ~ •
P. KEWELL, OBMTIST,
MANSFIELD, TIOGA COUNTY, PA., '
IS prepared to operate In all the improvement* .in
the various departments of filling, extracting, In
■erung artificial deutUfea, Ac.'.. - >* ‘ '
Mantliold, August 10, 1864-ly.
WELLSBORO
(Corner Main Street and the Avenue.) , ’
Wellseoeo, Pa.
B. B. HOLIDAY, Proprietor.
One of the most' popular Houses in the county,
lias Hotel is the principal Stage-house Ur'WeUaboro,
Stigcj leave daily as follows: ’ V .
For Tioga, at 9a. tn.; For Troy, at 3a. -For
Jersey Shore every Tuesday and Friday a(|2 p. m. i
lor Couderapurt, every Tuesday and Friday fit/J p. m.
Stages Abrivs—From .Tioga, 4t. 12- 1-3 ’o’clock
J l . m.: From Troy, at 6 o’clock p. to. :• From Jersey
Shore, Tuesday and Friday 11 a- m.: Prom Coudera
pon, Tuesday and Friday II a. m. <- „ ] .
ft. B.—Juntny Cowden, the well-known
will be found on hand. f
Ifeliaboro, Oct. 5, 1864-Iy. > * ;
HUGH YOUNG,
bookseller & BTATMHIEB,
V" '
AND SEUER IN 1
American Clocks, American,. English, af 1 Swiss
batches, Jewelry, Silver Plated Ware, Sj^-ctaclea,
Picture Frames, Photographic Albums, Stei ’ilscopes,
Mi noacopes., Perfumery. Yankee Notions, fishing
Twkle and Flies, ami Fancy and Toilet Art ilos.
SCHOOL BOOJCS of every kind In the
County 1 , conitanfly on hand and sent by mat ■ or oth
etwige, to order. 1 . .
SO. 5, UNION BLOCK, WELLSBOB\\ PA.
TO. FISHCBMES. i-
THE fobscriber begs leave to inform lh,j public
that be fans a fine ■assortmen t of the ooj Abated
ROCHESTER TROUT FLIES,
York Trout Flies, Silk Braided Sea,
and Hair Lines,'Rinsey-Hooks on
header* - , Gut! and a fine lot of *’* . i
ROCHESTER FLY RODS.; . -
Hooks, 4c., 4c. Shop In rear of Wm. Roberts'* Tin
& nd Store Store. BEARS,
April 19, 1885-3 m.
FOR i LOT da Unin
*dJoming Wright A Bailey's Store. fcfiacrea of
iaad la Delmar, between John
Hou?e and Lot on Covington Street. 1 /
for terms, apply to HESRY SIIEKWp:)D>Esq.
Weilsboru, IWjtL; I-
A; WOdB’S^TRTZB^-MOWEB.—The
«T Wood Mower has been in-general tree „fgr the
p:i«i five ypare. It embraces all the qaaliliesf-necet
ttfy to make a perfect Mower- -It recommend* itself
t ( >ev*ry farmer for -the jampi.icity:of it* coash&ctlon.'
to be.the' lightest lt -tikes
for
°rk—Machines fuUy .warranted. Bend
Price SiikCdolivered wr tip sprs at Coining.
u . WKiAK.,.HXLL,:A«iii, Comipfe^Y.';'-:
««y 31, 1866-tf.
THE AGITATOR.
VOL. XL
RICHMOND HAS FALLEN 1
DRY GOODS-
LEE HAS SURRENDERED, AJ?D WE
..BATE SURRENDERED THE EX- v-
THE STORE,
is now receiving additions to their stock of
GOODS,. BOUGHT DURING THE LATE
DEPRESSION IN PRICES,
and they will be sold at
THE LOWEST MARKET RATES,
We. have made arrangements to get Goods every
week, and as we keep posted in regard to
the Ntw York Marin, we shall at
/. all times make the stock on
band conform to
new prices.
and we wish it distinctly understood, that however
■ much others may blow,
WE DO NOT INTEND TO BE UNDERSOLD
BY ANY,
quality of goods considered. It shall be our aim to
keep constantly on hand a good stock of
inch goods as the community
require, and
SUOH ARTICLES AS WILL GIVE SATISFAC
TION TO THE CONSUMER.
THE ONE PRICE SYSTEM
Wm, H.. 6 litb
.under which onr business has constantly increased
i for the last ten years will be adhered to,
as also the
more recently adopted:'. Don’tvbuy until
!voo- hjlvh bhamimbp .4)tor, STOCKAND
■V-v-r’..'- ■ ■’ .-PRICES,-' ~ c
'STORK DIRECTLY OPPOSITE THE DICKIN
! SON. HOUSE,
smtp & WAITE,
Corning, N. T., May 17, 1868.
jmHB BIG FIGHT having been doted up by
! Meeice. Grant, Sherman Sheridan, A Co.,
• KELLY & PURVIS
{have volunteered for a war of extermination against
■high Prices, and will be found entrenched behind n
page pile of
1 NEW AND CHEAP GOODS -
> ■ * " ' ;■' . ; . —r
bt the old OSGOOD STAND, where their oommuni.
116ns with New York oannotbe interrupted. ;
| They, h/ive jnet recejved4 stock of
j SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS,
such at Prints, Delaines, Bareges, Muslins, Hosiery,
Notions, Boots and Shoes, e'to.-, in fact everything in
the Dry Goods line may be found at onr counters,
and purchased at prices corresponding to the late
•X • ' " ■ _ J
HEAVY FALL”. IN ‘GOODS.
1
■ We also invite purchasers to examine onr fine
stock of
GROCERIES.
! _
Can’t be beat this side of New York.
' Remember the place, 11 Osgood’s Corner.” •
KELLY & PURVIS. '
I Wellsboro, Apr. 22, 1865-ly,. „ •
JJETROLEUM ! PETROLEUM I .
. Geologists and practical men unite in their belief
and so,report that the
Discovery of Oil in Wellaboro
it near at hand.
. But I-would say to the people of
;• Tioga oouismr & viorarmr,
(before investing your Capital In Oil Stock) that I
have recently purchased the Stock of Goods of Mi
Bullard, consisting of . .
CLOTHING, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS,
As., all at a great reduction from - .
; lljiw York Jobbing Prices,
anil am bound to give to. mycustomers tbe advantage
‘OF MY PURCHASE
■ Being desirous Of: closing out Ihe Clothing part .of
tide Stock, I now offer the entire Stock
AT COST FOR .CASH! V . .
- tt a m g - A W'D CAPS -.isoa ant. -•«> »• j P‘
i ■fr' ■ - : • ... ,* y v - *r? .>' -j clous in external and internal applications.— oil before undergoing the refining process.
L'eh.apT'u wTli hardly hnow t\TdfffJrenM. 1 ' k<ial; 'i’hia etaff waa eimply crude petro- , As before mentioned, there ie one chance in
T Call soon and avail yoursoff 'of this '' , leum, and that jt.was calculated to either kill a half dozen that the borer will strike oil, and
; KARS' nPPnRTrrVTTV I or. cure, when taken internally, nobody will now jtbat the proportion of wells that give a perma
■ - ■ 4- deny. The apparently inexhaustible supply of- nent flow, even when successful for a while,
I Remember .the place, the Chiap Cash Store, ..Key’d] the oil at length attracted the attention of sol- J may safely be estimated in a like manner.—
*"wtlufioro Jan 25 1865-tf. ** 11 i enfifiq’ men, and in 1858 its properties' and ' There are hundreds of wells along Oil Creek
’ uses became more ■ generally understood. A that at first gave ah abundant supply of Pe
few barrels of the crude oil were exported to troleum, yet to-day they are as dry as a powder-
England, where it was partially refined, and its horn. And in the Mecca oil region of Ohio,
commercial importance began to be understood, which three or four years ago was tbe centre of
Yankee enterprise having been attracted to the" f. attraction,, there :is not at tbe: present time a
subject, Ihe natural resultfullowed: A m‘olh-~j single well that is muoh more than paying ex
od of refining was invented, the Tllnminatipg"; penpes, and not one in a hundred of those that
and .fabricating uses;of petroleum were diecov- at pne time t gave great promise, is, now pump-
ered,"nnd tboTeigmif Putrotia;cmninenced'.~ . ' ,Tin<f. : Within the’last year, however, a number
idU a'E BS S- • WAT li'®»-fpr’B»le af : Tbj.'existepce ,of pif. beds having' been' *rpl p I expressive
Kbr orikb f?A MPR «i. v- r rf t > j; t j jUjefpWjjftjpfMSjJt question ingenious processes nndj.JatiepWJabOT, and-'
BOY’SDRtJO STORK * wasVhow to determine where to sinlcinow abundantly repaying the work expended
Rochester *s. y. trout flies—i have i
jastreceived , - ■ - ‘ r
I 1 Gross of ROCHESTER. TROUT FLIES,
i ‘ i do of NEW YORK « « .
Sdcßs jritfc or without Tiooke, Fly 'Rods, Heels, arid 1
Hnndcd Silk Inner. L. A; SEARS, ' ' “ ‘1
Pealerin Fishing T«ekle/'Ac; } H'
'£ | WclUJJoro, Mny 24,1865. - '- Jj *-,*[•
Schotts to tfye Extension of the Bten of JFm&om aw® t|it Sprra® of Wealths Reform.
WHILE THERE SHALL BE A WRONG IJNRIGHTED, AND UNTIL “MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN" SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE
And so ha* the price. of
TEME. HIGH PRICES OP
f GOODS.
-• * ‘ ‘ '
REGARDLESS OF COST,
READY PAY SYSTEM
WELLSBORO, TIOGA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY IS, 1865.
Original iJoctvy.
• [For the Agitator.]-
it , RECONSTRUCTION.
Now this cruel war is over and smiling peape begun,
The debts of this great Nation, weTI pay them, one by
onej
WeTI bang the traitor rebels on erery orbeked tree/
And oar glorious republic for ever shall be free.
We’ll make of oldVfrgtnlA'srmlghty Yankee nation.
And build up the fences of each broken down plan-
tation, .
And 611 up the ditches the ugly rebeli ddg, '
We’H rajseand,make tobacco and cbew.it by the plug*
WeTI build the church and school house, the ignorant
to teach.
And ever; Christian Master will then get leave to
preach ;
The mill and the factory-in-competition ring,
To fee which—the anvil, or cotton,—,wlll be king.
.For the Yankee flag of freedom in seen on every band,
From Maine clear down to Texas, it floats o'er all
the land, t
Tie teen on ever; ocean and Island of the sea,
The Yankee flag is flying—lt ever shall be free.
Dbutak, Joir 1866.. Q. Z
PETROLEUM. \
To compress the whole subject of Petroleum
into a newspaper article would be a feat more
difficult of accomplishment than an; yet per
formed by literary prestidigitators. However,
I will give you, in as concise a form as possible,
the more interesting features of the petroleum
subject.
The rapid development of tbs oil-producing
territory, and the immense quantity of petro
leum that is now consumed is the United States,
has made it so familiar to the public that an
elaborate analysis of its properties is unneces
sary. It is a natural oil, deposited in the earth
usually at tbe cjepth of from one hundred to six
hundred feet, has a, rancid, disagreeable odor,
and is valuble for burning, lubricating and
medicinal purposes. Although its properties,
and a knowledge of the extent of its deposits,
have but recently been known in this country,
petroleum has in reality been known and used
to some extent in every age, running back al
most to the diluvian period.
In Egypt petroleum was, used for medicinal
purposes nearly,four thousand years ago, and
oil springs are still in existence in that country.
In the latter part of the last century, two ship
cargoes of the crude oil were transported, to
England to bo sold,’bat the process of refining,
not being understood, the traffic was abend ned.
'Under the name of . (Sicilian'oil, the -.people pf
Agrigentum used what ig. known. ““ pm,«u.„ n
for tbe purpose"or and in Parma
. there is a spring 'of naptha which’ the people
apply to a like use at the present day. In Asia
Minor the oil has been known to exist, and has
been used to a limited extent for ages ; and in
Persia a large quantity has'been annually con
sumed, 1 during 'several hundred years. Even
in this country petroleum is by'no means a new
discovery; It'was well known to the Indians
before America was discovered, and was used
for medicinal purposes. Tbe early settlers of
Western Pennsylvania, and other districts”
where oil springs now exist, need rock ■ oil, as
they called it, for various purposes, collecting
it by skimming the oil deposit on tbe top of the
water as it accumulated from the springs. In
tbe memoranda of his visits to Fort
(now Pittsburg,)during tbe French and Indian
war with the Colonies, General Washington
mentions the existence of oil springs in locali
ties where wells are' now in operation. But
.neither 1 the Indians nor the early white settlers.
knew anytbing’of the vast deposits ib tbe bed
of the earth.
The region in which the oil is now found in
Western Pennsylvania baa almost for a century
been known as a great salt district, and- salt
wells have been in operation there ever since
the early settlement of the country. In bor
ing salt wells tbe greatest difficulty was found
in selecting localities where the water was, not
impregnated with a substance which the salt
men characterised as “a nasty, greasy sub
stance," and wbioh we of the present day call
petroleum. Nearly forty years ago a’ Mr.
Packer, while boring for salt water on Deer
Creek, in Clarion County. Pa-, struck oil at tbe
depth of 400 feet. The “greasy water/'as
ho termed it, spurted up with great force, over
flowed the land thereabouts, ruined bis salt ma
chinery, saturated the land with greaseand
Mr. Packer profoundly disgusted’ with the re
sult of bis efforts to obtain salt, left the coun
try in,a miff, little dreaming that be was_rttifc
iiiog away from, an El Dorado richer’ than the
gold mines of California—more remunerative;
too,-than the-diamond-mines of Brazil.
As a natural consequenc of the increase’of the .'
quantity of oil that found its way to tbe surface 11
from abandoned salt wells, tbe people living. In
localities where it appeared, gradually-' die-'
covered that it contained some valuable proper-’
l ties. The reader will perhaps remember’ that
only a few years ago a substance of horrid odor
and taste was sold throughout the country as a
sovereign remedy for. nearly all the ills” of the
flfish, and bearing the names successively, pf
Seneca Oil, Genesee Oil, and Rock Oil. , it
' was-warranted to cure everything from tooth
ache to hereditary consumption, and was a
perfect annlbilator of such simple ailments os
rheumati id. asthma—beinr 'ually effica-
iask._.
—;i*
JfUlfltellattg.
a well; for it was Boon discovered that there
wae something of a lottery in striking oil.—
Geologists and qther scientific men who embark
ed in the oil trade,.carried out their theories
in this respect, but were not always successful.
The larger class who flocked to the Oil Dorado,
however,Tiad no faith in geology, and according
ly bored at random. The superstitious class,
who are generally the majority, relied, and still
rely- upon the miraculous “ witch hazel” men.
Those men profess to tell precisely where de
posits of water, salt or oil raoy be found, by
means of a little stick. The more sensible
manner of choosing localities for oil wells is to
bore where the.geological formation is like that
where good wells have been found. At best,
finking oil wells is a lottery—if a man stands
one chance in twenty of drawing a prize he is
lucky.- . -
The procfts of boring the well is very simple.
A derrick, subsisting of four upright timbers
placed TO or 12-feet apart and fastened by cross
pieces is erected directly over the spot selected
for boring. This derrick is usually from 40 to
60 feet high, and is made very stable in order
to support the boring machinery. A steam en
gine of ; six or eight horse power is now used
for the. work of drilling, although many wells
of not very great depth have bpen bored by
hand. An iron pipe, about six inches in diame
ter, is first driven down to the first stratum of
rock. Where this is found at a considerable
distance from the surface, the pipe is inserted
in sections ; that is, apieceiefirst driven down,
then another section is fastened firmly.to it at
the top ; this is in tarn driven down, and so
on till the rook is reached. The drill is then
introduced into this tube, reaching down to the
rook—the iron rod suspending it being length
ened by- the fastening of additional pieces at
the top as the drill .works its way through the
rook. Tbe drill is about two and a half inches
in diameter, and is worked up and down by
means of the engine above. The process of
drilling is of course slow, and depends upon the
hardness -of the! stratum. An average day’s
work of-drilling is from 6 to 8 feet, bat some
timSr Iffor 12 feet is accomplished. The first
Btrctqm’tbrough which the drill passes is slate
or soap-stone, then comes a stratum of sand
stone, which is usually not more than ten or
twelve.feet in thickness ; next is another layer
of slate of a bluish appearance, about] twenty
feet in thickness, after which the second stra
tum of sandstone is-reached. When this is
accomplished—the depth reached ranging from
two'to sis hundred and in some instances a
thousand' feet—-the oil is' struck, provided the
borer is lucky.'
A new process of drilling has lately been-ia
vep«o,. however, which ■ bills Vaii, to-greatly
facilitate the , sinking ot on Veits. " it. m inis :
The drill is a slender tube, the end of which is
set with a species of diamond. This drill is
connected with machinery at the sufaoe, by
means of which it revolves with great Velocity,
cutting out the rooks in a core, which is re
moved in pieces, by clamps let down in the
hole'. By this method a well of five hundred
feet in depth may be bored in two weeks,
which, by the old process would require two
months. As soon as the drill passes through
the last stratum, and reaches the reservoir be
low, there comes rushing up to the surface a
combustible gas, followed by a mixture of salt
water and petroleum—the oil is invaribly ao
ooriipanied by salt water, and they ate separa
ted os will be hereafter explained.- This is the
realization of ** great .expectations,” the find
ing of the, El Dorado, the snm of petroleum
ambition, for every spurt from the well is a
greenback. If the borer has been lucky
enough to strike a flowing well, he has nothing
now to no but to 1 stand still and *866 himself
grow fabulously rich; that is, be has only to
secure the oil and send it to market. But
flowing wells are agreat rarity,-and the most
sanguine disciple of Petrolia does not expect
such boundless good fortune. The flow of
salt-water aact petroleum to the surface, there
fore is, except in flowing wells, of very short
duration; and the next work to be done is the
preparation for pumping. The bore of the
well is next enlarged by wbat is termed a
“ trimmer,” and an iron tube, fastened togeth
er in sections of 10 or 12 feet, is run down to
the oil deposit. A flax seed bag, which ex
pands when wet, is fixed at a certain distance
from the (surface within the" tube, in'- order to
prevent the surface water from rushing down.
A-plunger orvalved piston is next inserted in
the tube, and this being attached to the engine,
the work of pumping commences.
The old- method of pumping oil is on the
same general" principle of ordinary water
pumping, arid requires no explanation; but
jankee ingenuity has lately invented a new
.process,, which -yvill probably soon be generally
adopted. Two tabes are inserted in the well,
:: and .by a ppwerful force-pump the air.is forced
down one of them, and the oil, in consequence
of the pressure of the air, is forced up the oth
er tube in a steady stream. The Sow, by this
method, is much more steady 1. pnd of greater
volume tban ; by. the pumping process, and it
baa been successfully applied to many wells
that bad failed is yield" oil in the old manner.
The-petroleum,--as before remarked, is invaria
bly accompanied by salt water. As it reaches
the surface, this mixture is carried by conduits
j iota large wooden tanks, in. which the oil rises
| to the surface of the water and ia. drawn off,
; into barrels, when we have crude petroleum—
upon them. As an instance of what may bp
accomplished in this way, as well as to show
the persistency and determination of oil seek
ers, the following oircnmstance may be men
tioned ;
Micbel & Allen, a Philadelphia oil company,
obtained the leases known as the Cement wells,
on the Buchanan farm. This well had already
been tried and abandoned by several practical
oil-eearcbere, and was pronounced worthless.
The Philadelphians, however, thought" differ
ently, 1 and went to Work with a will to demon
strate their theory. As another instance of
the pertinacity wfaioh is given to a man by the
hope of gaining a good well, the following is
related:
Mr. P. Haines wag boring a well also on tbe
Buchanan farm, and bad every prospect of a
lucky strike. UnfortunateiyrWben going thro’
tbe last stratum of rook, bis drill became de
tached, stuck in the rock several hundred feet
from the surface, and man was never more com
pletely in a “ fix" than he—so was the drill.
But he was plentifully endowed with pure Yan
kee perseverance and industry, and went to
work to remove the drill— : a seemingly hope
less task. For fifteen months Mr. Haines la
bored _assiduouslj with this, object,, end his pa-,
tieuce and industry were at last rewarded by
success—his troubles were healed by tbe gentle
soothing of “a hundred barrels a day.”
Since the great commercial importance of
petroleum became known, tbe discoveries of oil
have been wonderful. Western Pennsylvania
was tbe first, and still is tbe greatest oil produ
cing region, but tbe oleaginous compound has
since been found to exist in nearly half tbe
States and Territories. The Oil Creek region
is the favorite with practical oil men, for the
reason that the chances of success in boring
here are betted than in any locality yet' dis
covered. But throughout all Western -Penn
sylvania the Petroleum has reached fever heat.
Wells are being bored, land bought up a fabu
lous prices, and the people, who for years have
been content to plod as frugal and industrious
performers are dazzled by tbe prospect of fabu
lous wealth. In Clarion and Fayette counties
rich wells have been obtained, and in Washing
ton, Lawrence, Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Erie,
Green, Indiana, Clearfield and Elk counties,, oil
has already been obtained, or the sinking of
wells is in progress. In these counties tbe
farmers have all put extravagant prices on
their lands : and even then are careful to stip
ulate that a certain percentage of the pros
pective oil is to go into their pockets. Doubt
less nine-tenths of them will be able to literally
put all they get in their pockets. Western Vir
ginia, next to Western Pennsylvania, is the ad
miration. «r oil men. The war and the oil fe
ver broke out simultaneously s„ mis region ;
but notwithstanding tbe greasy appearance of
the rebels generally, tbere.seems to be but lit
tle affinity between rebellion and Petroleum,
and the rebels have a disagreeable way of
making periodical raids into tbe Western Vir
ginia oil regions, thereby suddenly suspending
oleaginous .research. It is thought, however,
that when this “ cruel war is over,” to use a
strictly original ezpresion—the oil region of
Western Virgininia will be foiled to be at least
equal in richness to those of {Pennsylvania.—
In Ohio, the oil seems to “ lay around loose,”
and it is said, with undoubted truthfulness,
that farmers almost fear, to go to sleep at night
least before morning the petroleum beds which
they know to exist under their farms shall
burst their earthly bounds and inundate tbe
surface with an oleaginous flood. Tbe Mecca
excitement, as previously stated, proved a de
cided bumbog, but more stable wells have been
struck in other parts of the State. In South
eastern Ohio there is every indication of bound
less Petroleum deposits. In Washington coun
ty, also, the borings have proven -highly sue
cessful, and in the vicinity of Zanesville, Ma
rietta, New Lisbon, and Waynesblurg, oil has
already been found. Columbiana, Preble,
Muskingum, and many other counties have al
so reached the height of the oil fever, and the
bowels of the earth are being effectually stir
red up. The contagion of the oil excitement
has also broken out in Indiana, and the Hoo
siers are industriously trying to bore them
selves rich, with apparently good success. But
to particularize the oil localities would take too
much time. Suffice it to say that Petroleum
has already been found, in addition to the
above mentioned localities, in Kentucky, Illi
nois, Missouri, Michigan, Kansas, California,
Colorado, New York, and elsewhere in the
country, and yet the discoveries ate apparently
in their infancy. In foreign countries, too,
the old oil wells which have existed for ages
have been bunted np, and in many instances
by Yankees, and petroleum (tbe word, not tbe
substance) is in the mouths of the whole
world. As a case in point, one of tbe Boston
papers states that Col. Gowan, of that city,
(the Yankee who took tbe contract to raise the
sunken vessels in tbe harbor of Sebastopol, if
I mistake not) was lately en route Horn Saint
Petersburg through Georgia and Circassia.—
In the. neighborhood of the Sea of Azof, he
stumbled upon, seme old oil wells, bought them
for a song, and now delights the gaping natives
by drawing grease out of the earth with steam.
This question is solely theoretical, and can
be demonstrated only by time. Tbe best opin
ions are, however, that Petroleum is inexhaus
tible, that the transformation which the earth
is undergoing causes a perpetual deposit of
vegetation boneath tbe surface, and tbe distil
lation of this vegetable matter forming Petro
' leum constituency, geologists argue that tbe
supply is boundless. Oil men are quite willing
to leave the subject to the savans. It is quite
enough for the disoiples of Petrolia to know
that the oil now exists in vast quantities, and
they are determined that while geologists theo
rize, they will pump.
The Jpetroleum interest is of course, only iii
its infancy, but the product of last year shows
the commercial interest which the oil is rapid
ly attaining. There are no means of estimat
ing, even approximately, tbe quantity of oil
consumed in this country daring 1864, and
_tho in which, an.idea of the gross
production can he formed is by referring to
tlm-exportetion.
,•.» , —•
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NO. 46.
Personal Reminiscences of Blr, Lincoln
Mr. Noah Brooks, who was to have been
Mr. Lincoln's private secretary, gives some in*
tereating personal reminiscences of onr lata
President. We reprint Mr. Brooks' remarks on
“ All persons agree that the most 1 marked
characteristic of Mr. Lincoln's manner was
his simplicity and artlessness. This Imme
diately impressed itself npon the observation
of those who met him for the first time, and
each successive interview deepened the im
pression. People seemed delighted to find in
the ruler of the nation freedom from pomposity
affectation, mingled with a certain simple digni
ty that never forsook him. Tbough'pressed with
the weight of responsibility resting npon him
es President of the United States, he shrank
from assuming any of the honors, or even titles,
of the position. After years of intimate ac
quaintance with Mr. Lincoln, the writer can-
Jnot now recall a single instance in which bo
spoke of himself as President, or used that
title of himself, except when acting in an of
ficial capacity. He always spoke of his posi
tion and office vaguely, as “this place,” “here,''
or other modeet phrases. Once, speaking of
the room in the Capitol used by the Presidents
of the United States daring the close of a
session of Congress, he said, “ That room, yon
know, that they call"—-dropping his voice and
hesitating—“the President's i room." To ah
intimate friend who. addressed him always b j
his own proper title, he said, “ Now call mi
Lincoln, and I’ll promise not to tell of thS
breach of etiquette—if yon won't—and I shall
have a resting spell from Mister Lincoln."
“ With all his simplicity and nnacquain tanas
with courtly manners, his native dignity nev
er forsook him in the presence of critical or
polished strangers; bat mixed with his angu
larities and bonhomie was something which
spoke the fine fibre of the man; and, while hie
sovereign disregard of courtly conventionalities
was somewhat Indicrons, his native sweetness
and straightforwardness of manner served to
disarm criticism and impress the visitor that
he was before a man pure, self-poised, collected
and strong in unconscious strength. Of him
an accomplished foreigner, whose knowledge
of the courts was perfect than that of
the English language,' said, ‘He seems to me
one grand geniilhomme, in disguise."
he. liucolk oN omcr-Biirxai.
"No man but Mr. Lincoln ever knew how
great was the load of care which he bore, nor
the amount of mental labor which be daily
accomplished. With the usual perplexities of
the office—greatly increased by the unusual
multiplication of places in his gift—he carried
the burdens of the civil war, wmen ne always
called ‘This great trouble/ Though the intel
lectual man had greatly grown meantime, few
persons would recognise the hesrty, blithsome,
genial, and wiry Abraham Lincoln of earlier
days in the sixteenth President of the United
States, with his stooping figure, dull eyes, care
worn face, and languid, frame. The old, clear
laugh never came back; the even temper was
sometimes disturbed; and bis natural charity
for all was often turned into an nnwonted sus
picion of the motives of men whose selfishness
cost him so much wear of mind. Once he aaid,
* Sitting here, where all the avenues to public
patronage seem to come together in a knot, it
does seem to me that onr people are fast ap
proaching the point where it can be said that
seven-eighths of them were trying to find how
to live at the expense of the other eighth/
“ The world will never bear the last of the
‘little stories’ with which the President garnish*
ed or illustrated bis conversation and his early
stump speeches. He said, however, that as
near as he could reckon, about one-sixth of
those which were credited to him were old so*
quaintances; all of the rest were the prodno*
tion of other and better story-tellers than him*
self. Said he; ‘I do generally remember a
good story when I hear it, bat I never did in
vent anything original; I am only a retail
dealer.’ His anecdotes were seldom told for
the sake of the telling, but because they fitted
in just where they came, and shed a light on
the argument that nothing else could. He was
not witty, but brimful of humor; and though
be was quick to appreciate a good pun, I never
knew of bis making but one, which was on the
Christian name of a friend, to whom he (aid:
‘Yon have yet to be elected to the place I hold ;
but Noah's reign was before Abraham. Ha
thought that the chief characteristic of Ameri
can humor was its grotesqueness and extrava
gance; and the story of the man [who was so
tall that he was ‘laid out’ in a rope-walk, the
soprano voice so high that it had to be olimbed
over by a ladder, and the Dutchman’s express
ion of ‘somebody tying bis dog loose,’ all made
a permanent lodgement in his mind.
The Democratic Press manifest a laudable
determination to be pleased with President
Johnson. Hie amnesty proclamation is de
clared to be jnat the thing—couldn’t have been
better if they had done it themselves I If wa
read aright the Proclamation thus commended,
it leaves every leader of the rebellion liable to
the pains'and penalties of treason; bat as
soon as Qsn. Lee’s army surrendered, every
Democratic paper including the one in this
city, began to earnestly plead for the un
conditional pardon of every rebel from Jeff.
Davis down I But now the President is in fa
vor of patting the chief rebels on trial for their
lives and the Democratic papers are in favor
of it also. If convicted, the President will
doubtless be in favor of hanging Jeff. Davis,
and the Democratic papers will be in favor of
that also. The Democratic party in consequence
of its opposition to the war for the Union, ran
down so that if it did not keep itself in sight
by bolding on to the coat tails of the Adminis
tration, nobody would know there waa such an
organization in existence. The leaders of that
party, however, even now do well to support
the Administration, bat it is a matter of regret,
that during the progress of active war, in th«
dark days of the Republic, they did not also
support the Administration, which was just as
worthy of their support then os it is now, in
stead of opposing it by every means in their
power.— Etbroit IHbttm.
Rates of Advertising,
* xoirasg, 6 xoxras. 12 mmrxs.
54.00 $0.76 $7.09
«.00 8.25 10.09
8.75 10.76 12.60
lO.OO IJ.OO 16,76
18.75 25.00 $1.60
30.00 42.00 60,00
mb. Lincoln's simplicity,
HIS DIGNITT.
urrcout on bis stories.