Tbe Tioga
Bf M. H. COBB.-.
p .blisho.levßr.v Wednesday morning and miUledto
L.„o»r?at ONE DOLLAR AND FIPX3RCENTS-
year. always IN ADVANCE. ' • '
I £t u p ipor is sent postage free to ooanty subscribers/
I.JV* may receive tbair mail at post-officeslo
-1 J' [jn Cianliee immediately adjoining,for convon
‘r [ic is the Official paper of Tioga Co.,
, n j“i r?! iutes in every neighborhood therein. Sub
m- being on the adrance~pay circu
, an -ng i class most to the interest ofadTertisers
io r •’.■’n. terms co idvertisers as llberai aaJPlose of
er .Iby my paper of equal circulation ifc iferthern
?enn*vlrtiaift
A -TO;
.. <*o the margin.*of a papor/denotes
tbit lRe .I'l'-criptlon U about *
L’ tptffi will } »e'stopped whan the subscription
tin: j v'laiass the orders their
*nco. ‘ Z
Il« LOWREF & S. F. WXIiSOR,
i TI’ORNEYS & COUNSELLORS at£AW,
_0- irill attend the Court-' of Tioga,tPotftr and
3lcK« in roanties. piYclVeboro, Jan. 1, li 63.]
DICKINSON HOUSE,
CORSIK9, N. Y. . . •
jI 4 J A. FIELD, Proprietor.
aUESTS taken to and'from the Depot frqe
of| charge. [-Thu. X,A863.]
pjbhxst.lt aha house,
COBN’ER OF MAIN STREET AND THE AMENDE,
Wellsboro. Pa.
j, W. BIQONT,
THIS popular Hotel, having been, refitted
and re-furnished throughout, is now opor to the
public as a first-class house. [Jan. 1, 1 IBS.]
D. HART’S HOTEL
WELLSBORO, IWO* CO: FEI0 r A.
TUB snbpcriber takes this method t6‘inform
his old friends an d customers that he has re
luaei the conduct of the ild “ Crystal fountain
n, tel.” and will hereafter givs it bis entire attention/
Thankful for past farora, he aolicits a renewal.of the
S ame. DAVID M$T.
Wellsboro, Nov. 4, 1863-—ly. l-
izaJak waltos hoijs 5,
Gaines, Tioga Oonnty, Pa. _
g C. VBRMILYEA,...., Preprietor.
THIS is a new hotel located within ai.sy ac
cess of the best fishing snd banting grnnds in
Northern Pennsylvania. N o pains willbe apt red for
the accommodation of pleasure seekers and the trav-
Htng public. [Jan. 1, 1863.]
A. FOLEY,
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, feq., fee.,
REPAIRED AT 'OLD PRICES. ’ •
POST OFFICE BUILDING,
NO. 5, UNION BLOCK. '
TVoJlsboro. May 20, 1863.
J. EMERY,
ATTORNEY I'AT LAW AN] 1 .
CLAIM AGXNT,
Has rembvod to tbe office on Avenue il jti door
id Bigoney’s. ' Jan. 4,1865-'•
H. W. Williams,
WILLIAMS & SITIITII, 1
ATTORNEYS AM) COUNSELORS AjJ LAW,
BOUNTV Sc PENSION j AGENCY.
Main Street. Wollaboro, Pa. f
January 4, 1665-ly.
S. F. SHAIBLIH,
BARBER & HAIR-DRESiSER.
tiiyp Oxe Door North of Coxvers' "v
Ladies* Hair-Cutting done in the best manner.
Wellsboro, Doc 7, 186'4. j > C. •'
WESTERN EXCHANGE HO'-"EE.
ILNQXYILLE, BOBOOGH, PA. > .
TEE undersigned baring leased tbe abnA ‘Hotel
for a term of years would respectfully ' nform
the traveling public that he has put the Hotel n first
chgf order for reception of guests and nc
w.U be spared in the accommodation of travel* >s and
ss far Re the situation Trill allow, he will keep! 1 * first
date Uou-1, in ajh things, except prices, whit I will
te model ate. Please try us yout <elves.
Knoxville, Oct. 19, 1664-tf. J.' H. MAR? IN.
I DRUGS & MEDICINES.
-VO. 3, -UXIOX BLOCK, WELLS!iO!tO',.PA.
P. R. WILLIAMS,
BEGS lease to announce to the citizens of Wells
boro and ficinity, that ho keeps constantly on
heed all kinds of
DRUGS AND MEDICINES.
Ctomicals. Varnish, Paints, Soaps,
Brjjhe?. Putty, Fancy Goods, Pure Wines, 1 andies,
bms. and nil other kinkt f of Liquors of j. j«, best
quality. All kinds of * ':: !•
PATENT MEDICINES l[\
u.n as Jay no's Expectorant, Alterative arJ:PlllB;
.’)er’e Sartaparilla, PLlltfand Cherry Pectoral; ‘ uelm
l a’s Extract Buchu, Sarsaparilla and Rose I Wash;
Mr 4 Winslow's .Sothing Syrup; 4 Wright’t; Pills;
C irk's and Chcosem.m's. Pills; Hall's BalaaO; Bin
i;cr*s London Dock Gin; Herrick's Pills and Plas-
U’f ■ Brown’s 'Bronchial Troches, Ac’., <feo. ~
May 25, 1564-3 y. , P. H..WILLIVMS.
REVENUE STAMPS. v.'
J r| lIX M. PHELPS, Deputy Collector oi, Mans
field. bus just received a largo lot of ReV-orme
tistjb, <..f nil denominations, from ono cont up;to $5.
Adt i-'rjon wishing Stanps can get them at
- M'uaficid.orof M.-BULLARD, Assistant Assessor,
fWclNboro. Pa. J M. PHELPS.
Mau*field, May 2, 1864. \
P. NEWELL, DENTIST; .
TWO A COUNVY y A,
I brewed to operate in ail the improvements in
the vancus departments of filling, extracting, in-
J-ning art.ficial dentures, Ac. :
August 10, 1864-1 y.
COWANESQUE HOUSE.
THIS House whicb.baa been open for convenience
"f the traveling public for a number of years,
r -' i ikly been newly furnished'throughout tflid fitted
c 15 """d -ty le as can be found in any country or
■* • Hotel The PmprietcrKiocs not hesitate say-
Mi'ii there will be no pains spared to addjo the
' r l his guests, and make it a home foiSfthem.
‘ e " e '‘ "f n.'blingfor teryne: and ja gijod < ISstier
b i in-iiUtiiilnnca, all of which-’can be, *ound
Ci: lC uist\.f ICnoxvillcj-pK: J
r , *M. V*. PURPLE, PropH tor.
May 25. 18fi4.-ly. *■ L
WELT.SBORO hote L- !
1 Mdin Street hftd-the A venntC) \ '
WCLLSBO'SO, Pa.' V, il
f B- B. HOLIDAY, Proprietor. .. ■
l^e moBt popular Houses in the"
j ibc principal Stage-house In Welfsboro.
leiivu daily as follows:’
j t .. 1 T -!!^ a - 111 9a. m.,; J'pr Troy, at Ba.m. f For
L-m’* * 3 ' r * c ' er y Tuesday and Friday at 2p. m.;
'-taiierepyrt. every Tuesday ftind Friday at 2 p. m.
. AG p- Arp.ivk—From Tioga, at 12 1-2 * o’clock
& i rom Troy, at.o o'clock p. tn.: From Jersey
"1 *- Qe *day Friday 11 a. m. i From Couders
r'y n n * S jpy nn 'l Friday XI a. m.
»iVi Timmy Cnwden, the well-known" hostler,
l ioutid on hand. ' ’
Qct. 5 ? 1864-ly. ' ‘ - !
high young,;
B °OKSELLEft & STATIONER,
and dealeb in
7 -' I Cl '; k8 > American, English, aw ; Swiss
! t *,, JcwtI 'T. Silver Plated Ware, Sp- aacles,
phn tograpbic Albania, Store scopes,
ii.i,],, Yankee Notions, , fishing
Qrn^ ies ’ ftnJ Fancy and Toilet Arthjes.'
Cr j3D t T *1 BOOKS ofjevery in tho
V* ooB^ on bandland sent by mall *or oth
’■> io order. * -
°- 6, nxiqjf BLOCK. CfrELLSBOSOfPA.
THE
VOL. XI.
CLOTHING! CLOTHING!
(One door hdow Harden’s Store.)
WE have just arrived in Wellsboro vritb a large
Stock of CLOTHING and
Gentlemen’s Furnishing Goods,
Also, HATS & CAPS, and a great assortment of
..Proprietor.
W
Which wo offer to the citizens of Wellsboro and sur
rounding country at
50 PER CENT. CHEAPER,
than any other establishment in this part of the
country. Our object is to reduce our
WINTER & FALL STOCK OF GOODS.
PRICES :
OVEE COATS from $4 to S4O.
BUSINESS COATS from §3 to §25.
PANTS from $2 to $lO.
VESTS from s2} to $B.
We bought onr good, when Gold was only 1.60
and we can afford to sell our goods cheap.-
All onr Goods are manufactured under our own su
pervision and can not be surpassed in quality and
durability.
Wo respectfully invite every one whose interest is*
to be economical, to examine oar
before purchasing elsewhere.
NAST Sc AVERBACH,
of Syracuse, N. V., and Blosafaurg, Pat
Wellsboro, Deo. 14, 1864-tf.
E. & H. T. ANTHONY A CO.,
Mannfacturora of Photographic Material!,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL,
501 BROADWAY, N. Y.
Wir. H ; Smith.
■' In addition to our main business of Photographic
Materials, we are Headquarters for the following, viz:
Stereoscopes fe Stereoscopic Views,
Of these we have an immense assortment, including
War {Sconce, American and Cities and Land
scapes, Groups, Statuary, Ac., Ac. Also, Revolving
Stereoscopes, for public om private exhibition. Onr
Catalogue will be sentrto any address on receipt of
Stamp.
We were the first to intfodneo these into tho United
States, and we manufacture -immense quantities in
gredt variety, ranging in price from 50 cents to $5O
qach. Our ALBUMS .have the reputation of being
superior in beauty and durability to any others. They
will'bo sent by mail, free, on receipt of price.
Fine Albums made to order.
CARD. PHOTOGRAPHS
Oar Catalogue now embraces over Five Thousand
different subjects (to which additions are continually
being made) of Portraits «f Eminent Americans, Ac.,
viz: about
100 Major-Generals, 550 Statesmen,
200 Brig.-Generals, 330 Divines,
Colonels, • 326 Authors,
100 LieuL-ColoEels, 40 Artists,
250 Other Officers," * 125 Stage,
75jNavy Officers, 50 Prominent Women,
150 Prominent Foreign Portraits.
3,000 COPIES OF WORKS OF ART,
including reproductions of the most celebrated En
gravings, Paintings, Statues, Ac. Catalogues sent on
receipt of Stamp. An order for One Dozen PIC
TURES from our Catalogue will be filled on the ro
*c«rpt of $l.BO, and sent by mail, tree.
Pkotographcrsand others ordering goods C, 0. D.
will pleas£ remit twenty-five per cent, of the amount
with theirbrdcr.
E. A H. T. ANTHONY £ CO.,
Manufacturers of Photographic Materials,
501 Broadway, New York.
The prices and quality of our goods cannot
fail to satisfy. [Nov. 16, 1864-ly.]
WELLSBORO ACADEMY.—The second Term
of the present school year will begin
, Monday, Dec. 12, 1864.
Pupils are prepared for College, or for business
pursuits.
TUITION (for a term of 12 weeks).
Common English Branches .' 4 00.
Higher English Branches 5 00.
Languages 6 00.
Pupils designing to attend but half the term, will
be charged accordingly,
* No deduction is made for absences, unless in cases
of protracted sickness. - J, B; GRI&R,
Wellsboro, Dec. 7,1864-3 t. Principal.
MIZ.IINERY.~I would inform my- friends in
and around Tioga boro' that I have opened a
shop in tho dwelling formerly occupied by Miss Ra
chel Prutsman. I will have new FALL STYLES of
millinery goods constantly on hand.
BRAIDING & EMBROIDERY, ,
MACHLNE SEWING
of all descriptions, done on a JBrat-class Gigver £ Ba
ker machine. Materials made up in the' neatest
manner.
Tioga, Oct. 26, 1364—3t*
FARM FOR SALE.—T kfi undersigned wishes to
dispose of his Farm in Covington township, ly
ing on Elk Run, about three miles from Covington
Boro, and generally known as tho “Wethorbco
Farm." It contains about 93 acres, with about 60
Acres improved.
Tho soil is of the very best quality of upland and
the cleared>portion is entirely free from atumps. It
is well wetered and has good buildings. Those who
want Vo buy a good Farm may find it to their advan
. tage to pay this one a visit before they “ settle down."
Good warrantee deed given. For terms appty to H.
U. Potter, Middiebury. Center,.Pa., or to Levi Rock
well, Cherry FUtts. Pal J, B. POTTER.
, ."Washington, D. C., Nov. 30, 1864.
M I ILIJ ER Y.
BRAIDING & EMBROIDERY,
MACHINE SEWING,
DRESS & : "C LOAK-M A KI N G.
I would inform my friends in and around Tioga
'borough, that I bare opened a shop in the dwelling
formerly occupied by Miss HacßeT-Prutsman. Twill
have new FALL A WINTER STYLES of Millinery
Goods constantly on' band.
‘ Tioga, Not. 23/64-31*. MHS.'J. P. URRLL,
A LARGE ASSORTMENT of Revenue Stamps
of all denominations, just received at the First
National Bank of Wellsboro, in the Store building
oPC. & J. L. Robinson. Persons wanting Stamps are
request to call and got a supply.
‘'Wellsboro, May 25,1864-^f.
KEROSINE LAMPS at
ROY'S DRUG STORE.
Srootco to tbe SSjrtcuaton of tbe area of ifreeOom auO tbe Spread of f&ealtftg Hcfoim.
. ■{ :
WHILE THEBE SHALL BE A WRONG UNSIGHTED, AND UNTIL “MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN" SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE
LADIES’ CLOAKS,
STOCK AND PRICES
PHOTOORAPHIO ALBUMS.
MRS. J. P. URELL.
REVENUE STAMPS.
WELLSBORO. TIOGA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 18, 1865. NO, 21.
ABSTRACT OF THB GOVERNOR'S
After briefly alluding to tbe causes tor thank
fulness on the part of the people of this Com
monwealth during the past year the Governor
enters into a statement of the condition of the
finances:
Total in the Treasury for the fiscal year end
ing Nov, 30, 1864, §6,880,644,72; of which
$4,733,313,02, was receipts.
The payments for the same time were §4,-
938.441,09, leaving a balance of §1,942,203,-
63.
The Public debt Doc. 1, 1863, was $39,496,-
59§, 78. Of this §116,992 84, was reduced
during the year.
' The funded debt was §36,379,603,94; milita
ry loan §3,000,000; leaving tbe total debt,
Dec. 1, 1864, §39,379,603,94.
• The State holds bonds for the public works
disposed of to the amount of §10,300,000.
These" bonds are in the Sinking Fund, and re
duce the public debt to $29,079,603 94.
The tax on tonnage imposed by the acts of
30th April and 25th August, 1864, has yielded
something less than $200,000 —a much less
sum than was anticipated. I recommend a
revision of these acta for the purpose of ren
dering this source of'revenue more productive,
and amending other defects in those bills.
The revenue .derived from the tax on banks
during the year amounts to $539, 606 67, but
under the enabling act of the States, so many
of our banks have become National banks un
der the not of Congress that this source of
revenue may be considered ns substantially ex
tinguished, and it will be necessary in some
way to make up the deficiency from other
eoure.es.
The act of Congress authorizes the taxation
by the State of the stock in the National banks
in the bands of the holders, not exceeding the
rate of taxation imposed on other similar prop
erty, and part of the deficiency may bo thus
provided for.
The amount of debt extinguished by the
Sinking Fund during the year is unusually
small, which is to he accounted for by,the ex
traordinary expenses which have been incur
red. $713,000 have been paid to refund to the
banks the money advanced by them to pay the
volunteers in service during the invasion of
the State in 1863. ■ $lOO,OOO have been distrib
uted among the inhabitants of Chambersburg,
suffering by the destruction' of their town. —
About 200,000 have been expended under the
acts providing for the payment of extra mill;
tary claims, and irijaddition to these extraor
dinary outlays, the" amount appropriated to
charities was last ydar larger than usual.
In my opinion this matter of donations to
charities is fast running into a great abuse. —
Houses of Refuge, and Insane, Blind and Deaf
and Dumb Asylums, appear to bo proper sub
jects of. State bounty, because their objects are
of public importance ; and to be useful, and
well and economically managed, it seems
to be necessary that they should be more
extensive than would be required for the
wants of a particular county. But in our
system, ordinary local charities «re left to the
care of the respective localities, and to give
the public money for their support is really to
tax the inhabitants of all counties for the ben
efit of one. I
The national taxation is heavy and must be
probably made heavier, and the local taxes
authorized by unwise legislation and paid by
our people are excessive. In view of these
circumstances, we should endeavor to avoid
increasing their burdens by making undue ap
propriations for any purpose.
Since rhy last afanunl message on the report
of John A. Wright Esq., that the Sunbury and
Eric railroad was finished, 1 ordered the bonds
remaining in the treasury to be delivered to
the company.
It is a subject of just pride to the people of
this Commonwealth, that this great work is
completed, and whilst' it opens a large and
wealthy part of the Slate to the commerce of
the seaboard, and unites capital and enter
prise within our borders, it secures to the Com
monwealth the payipent of the sums due her
from the company.
By the act of 2Zd of August, 1864, I was
authorized tbjcause an immediate enrolment of
.the militia to be made,unless that recently made
hy the United States should be found sufficient,
and to raise by volunteering or draft, a corps
of fifteen thousand men for the defence of our
Southern border. The United Slates enrol
ment being found .very defective, I directed an
enrolment to.be made, which is now in prog
ress nndcr tho charge of Colonel Lemuel Todd,
whom I appointed Inspector General. A draft
1 by the United States was then in progress, and
it was not thought advisable to barrass our peo
ple by a cotemftoraneous State draft, even if a
draft had been praticable under ’he present
law. Volunteers could not be obtained, there
being no bounties, and the men not being ex
empted by their enlistment in corps from
draft by tbe United Stales. Fortunately, the
United States placed an array, under General
| Sheridan, between us-and tho enemy, and thus
I provided effectually fur our defence. With
I such adequate protection as proved by the bril
i liant campaign of that army, I did not think
| it right to incur the expense to the State of an
\ independent army, and the withdraw! of so
many of our people from their homes and pur
suits. Meanwhile, arrangements have been !
j mfide with the authorities at Washington for )
■ -arming, ~ clothing, subsisting and' supplying
■ the corps at the expense of the United States,
and an order has been given by the authorities
i of the United States to furlough such volun
teers in the corps ns may be drafted by the
United States, the corps so privileged not to
j exceed 5,000 men. It is my intention to raise
5,000 men during the winter, and I have al
■ ready adopted measures to that end. .There
may occur irruptions of irregular bodies of
the rebels; and it is well to be provided against
them. The number proposed to he so raised
and put into'actual service,"Will In my judg
-1 merit In sufficient, and a regard to dig. gmn.
j omy requires that no more than are sufficient
| should' be placed on pay. The remaining 10,-
AGITATOR.
iioumai.
MESSAGE.
000 will lie- organized and ready for service in
case--of necessity. I invite yonr immediate
attention to the very able report of the Inspect
or General, which sets forth the defects in the
law which he has discovered in his prepara
j tion for carrying it into practical effect.
The State agencies at Washington and in
the South west, are in active and successful
operations. I communicate herewith the re
ports of Colonel Jordan, at Washington, and
Col. Chamberlain, agent for the South west.—
The provisions of the law requiring the agents
to collect moneys due by the United States to
soldiers,-have, been henificent. A reference to
their reports show the magnitude and
usefulness of tils branch of tljeir service. I
djsire to invite the attention of our volunteers,
officers, soldiers and their families to the fact
th&t the State agents will collect all their claims
on the' Government, gratuitously, as I have
reason jto believe that many are still ignorant
of thatj feet, and are greatly imposed upon by
the exorbisnt commissions charged by private
claim’agents.
I recommend that an appropriation be made
for pensions to the volunteer militia men, (or
their families,) who were killed or hurt in serv
ice in the years 1862 and 1863. As soldiers
sometimes arrive here who are insane, and who
should be protected and cared for, I recommend
tha); provision be made for their-being placed in
the State Asylum for the Insane, at this place,
and kept until notice canr be given to the au
thorities of thoir respective counties, who should
be required to remove and care for them: .
The productions and manufactures of the
State bavo become so diversified and abundant
that some measure should.be taken for an accu
rate ascertainment of them, so that their extent
may be generally known) and also that the nec
essary taxation may be intelligently imposed.—
1 recommend for these purposes the creation of
a Bureau, of which the Auditor General and
State Treasurer shall be members, and the
head of which shall be a new officer, to he styl
ed Commissioners of Statistics, or designated
by any other, appropriate title.
The act of 25th August, 1864 providing for
the voting of soldiers should be carefully ex
amined, with a view to its amendment, and, in
deed a revision of our whole election laws would
seem to be desirable, with a view to the two es
sential objects of 1. The admission of legal
and exclusion of illegal votes at the polls; and,
2. Faithful and correct refurns of tha votes ac
tually polled. I communicate herewith the
opinion of the Attorney General on tha conflict
ing return for the 16th Congressional District,
which will show some of the practical difficul
ties which arise under the existing system.—
Without undertaking to recommend the adopt
ion of.any particular plan, 1 submit the whole
subject to your careful and earnest consider
ation, in hope that in your wisdom you will be
able to devise some measure which will produce
the result so essential to the existence of a free
government: that votes shall be fairly taken in
the first instance, and fairly counted and return
ed afterwards.
A new call has been made by the President
for 300.000 men. This renders it proper that
I should invite j'our attention to the system of
local bounties which was begun, in an emer
gency, by tho voluntary and generous loyalty
of our citizens, before the passage by Congress
of tho enrolment act, and has since been con
tinued by (sundry acts of Assembly. The re
sult has been to the last degree oppressive to
.our citizens, and unproductive of corresponding
benefit to the Government.. In some counties
and townships, it is believed that tbe bounty
tax during the last year exceeded the average
income derived from the land. The large sums
offered in some places in the oompetion for men,
have demoralized many of our people, and the
most atrocious frauds connected with the
system have become common. The men of
some of the poorer counties have been nearly
exhausted by their volunteers being credited
to richer localities paying heavier bounties.'
Tho system as practiced lowers the morale of
the army itself, by patting into tbe ranks men
actuated by merely mercenary motives, and
who are tempted to desert by the facility of es
caping detection, and the prospect of new gains
by re-enlistment, a process which they expect
to be able to repeat an indefinite number of
. times. Of the number of men for whom boun
ties have been paid, it is believed that not one
faurth have been actually placed in the ranks
of the army, and even those who have joined
it, have probably not on an average received for
their own use one half of the h maty paid for
them. Immense sums have th is been appro
priated by cheats and swindlers, in many cases
believed to be acting in complicity with agen
cies of the Government.
. I am officially informed that tbe quota of
this State, under the recent call, is 66,999, but
I am not informed of the principle on which
the draft is to be made.
It appears from tbo President’s proclama
tion that it is made chiefly to supply an al
leged deficiency in former calls. lam sur
prised at the amount of this large deficiency,
and can only account for the difference be
tween the number of men furnished by the
State and the deficiency alleged to exist in
the assignment of the present quota .by the
assumption that the men never reached the
army, although enlisted and mustered after
the payment of bounties by the localities to
which they were supposed to be credited.—
It is probable that there are few counties in
the State which have n'et-paid large bounties
for a number of men sufficient to fill their for
mer quotas.
• Taking the local bounties at the low average
of four hundred dollars, it is believed that it can
be demonstrated that the people-of Pennsylva
nia have thus been robbed of more than twelve
millions of dollars during the past year. This
estamite does, not include the money fraudu
lently taken from men who have actually gone
into the service.
The continuance of these monstrous and un
paralleled abuses cannot be tolerated.
Certainly more men are required to aid our
gallant soldiers in the field in crushing this
rebellion, and every consideration of patriotism
.and regard for our brothers who are now in the
face of the enemy, obliges us to spare no effort
to raise the necessary force.
The number of men put into the military
service since the commencement of the war, by
the state, is 336,444, as follows :
Daring the year 1861 130,594
do "do 1862 71,100
do do 1863 43,046
do do J 864 73,876
80-enlistment of Pennsylvania vol. 17,876
Total. 336,444
The twenty-five thousand militia of 1862 are
not included in this' statement.
The gallantry of onr soldiers in the field still
sheds luster on the Commonwealth, and that
their merit is appreciated by a generous people
is shown by the continued and cheerful liberali
ty with which the men and women of the State
contribae' of their means for their comfort and
welfare. May the blessings of God be on those
brave men who have stood by the country
through the dark hours of her trial.
Executive Chamber, 1
Harrisburg, Jan. 4, 1865, j
Petrolenm in Tioga.
. At the time of the first discovery of Petrole
um, by boring in Pennsylvania, in 1858, the
most learned geologists of the age were per
plexed to account for its appearanee in that pe
culiar locality; but time and investigation
with recent discoveries in other parts of tfye
State, have demonstrated, almost to a certainty,
that Petroleum is the product of bituminous
coal,' and that oil may be found in paying
quantities in many localities in the bituminous
coal districts where the levels 1 are selected to
correspond with the oil district.
By recent exploration made by the most ex
perienced oil seekers from Oil Creek, unmis
takeable signs of oil are found in Tioga, Potter,
McKean, and Cameron counties (all of which
abound in inexhaustible quantities of bitumin
ous coal) and this whole region, exhibits and
combines all the essential geological and sur
face indications necessary to warrant an outlay
of capital sufficient to develops the hidden trea
sure.
The general formation of the country resem
bles other Petroleum districts.
The wells now commenced give strong indica
tions of oil. The one near Tioga is already down
several hundred feet, passing through a vein
of salt water of considerable strength, and now
charged with a full volume of gas; so much so,
as to impede the operation of boring through
the oil rock which they are now in.
goring has commenced for other wells in
Tioga village, large tracts of land have been
purchased and leased on the strength of the oil
discoveries, and the future looks promising.
Oil and salt bas also been discovered in Ship
pen, Cameron County, as well.as on'the first
fork of the Sinnemaboning river about twelve
miles from the railroad; boring has already
commenced, and the oil excitement is running
high in these localities; lands are bought and
leased easily, on the strength of the future, at
more than five times their former prices.
It will be borne in mind that the discovery
of oil in large quantities in thease localities so
near the sea board, will materially lesson the
expense of shipment, so as to affect the* value
of oil produced in more- distant parts of the
country.— Petroleum Reporter.
How an Oil Well is Borod.
A correspondent of tbe Boston Traveller,
writing from tbs oil regions of Pennsylvania,
gives the following description of the manner
in which oil is found :
“In selecting a spot for a well, the artesian
driller raises a derrick about 110 feet in height,
bringing np a steam engine of about six horse
power, and then driving down an iron pipe six
inches in diameter through, tbe earth and
gravel some fifty feet or so, to the first strata
of rock, introduces a drill, of about two and a
half inches in diameter, attached to a temper
screw, and thence to a * walking beam’ and
engine, with which he bores now. at the rate
of eight or ten feet per day into the solid slate
and soapstone, say one hundred feet; he then
comes to tho! first strata of sandstone, which,
may be ten or twelve feet in thickness; and
boring through this comes again to a slate and
soapstone of a bluish cast, and working on say
for twenty feet or so, ho reaches tbe second
strata of sandstone, out of £hich there comes
rushing up, when the right vein is struck, in
flammable gas, salt water and petroleum.
“ The bore of the well is enlarged by a rim
mer, and then an iron tube, in sections of about
fourteen feet, and closely screwed together, is
inserted in two sections and run down to the
veins of oil; a flax-seed bag, which expands
when wet, is fixed between the tubing and
tho walla of the well, in order to prevent the
sarfnes water from descending, a • plunger’ or
vqlved piston is -introduced into tbs tube,
and tbe sucking rod being attached to the
1 walking beam’ tho conduit pipes and tank,
which may hold in readi
ness, the engine moves and the precious trea
sure gushes forth. This is what is called
pnmping a well. In the'flowing walls,’that
is, such aa send the oil out spontaneously, the.
drill must go down into the third strata _of
sandstone, but this in some instances is very
deep. In a well on watson’s Flat the drill
has reached the depth of three hundred feet,
and yet tbe third bed of sandstone is not
reached.’’
A dry sort of genins undertook to arrange
and classify tbe different sorts of fools in this
world : Ist, the ordinary fool. 2d, the fool
who is one and don’t know it. 33, the fool
who is not satisfied with being a fool in reality,
but undetakes, in addition, to play the fool..
A Lima Custom. —The customs are rather
peculiar here ; any Indy that peculiarly inter
ests you, can, when she leaves the ohnrob, be
followed and addressed without offence; should
the interest be mutual, she will give yon a
view of her face, and then, if you choose, you
can accompany her home; this establishes
you as a calling acquaintance, which can.
be followed np at leisure.
Rates of Advertising.
Advertisements will be charged $1 per iqeare of It
lines, one or three insertions, end 25 cents for every
subsequent insertion. Advertisements of less then 10
lines considered as a square. The subjoined rates
will be charged for Quarterly,Half-Yearly and Yearly
advertisements:
3 MONTHS. 6 MONTHS. 12 IfONIHS
1 Square, $4,00 $5,75 $7,50
2 do 6,00 8,25 10,00
? „ do 8,75 10,75 13,50
i Column, 10,00 13,00 15,75
J do 18,75 25,00 31,60
1 do. 30,00 42,00 60,00
Advertisements not having the number 6f inser
tions desired marked upon them, will be published
until ordered out and charged accordingly.
Pasters, Handbills, Bill-Heads, Letter-Beads, and
ail kinds ef Jobbing done in country establishments,
executed neatly and promptly. Justices',Constable's
and other BLANKS, constantly on hand.
SHERMAN’S GEORGIA CAMPAIGN.
The following interesting account of Sher
man’s Grand March through Georgia to the
Sea, waa written to Rev. John Shaw, pastor of
the'M. E, Church in this village. Our readers
will find it interesting:
Dear Father —Two days since we opened
communication with Gen. Footer and the fleet,
and this morning received our first mail since
leaving Atlanta.
Having leisure this P. M„ I will writs you a
running account of our journey, with some
little incidents which I jotted down in my di
ary. Previous to leaving Atlanta, the railroad
running to Cfaatanooga, and all the depots in
the city were destroyed; thus catting ns en
tirely off from all communication with the
North. The army which was to make the
grand raid through Georgia, consisting of tha
14th, 15th, 17th, and 20th Corps, was divided
into two grand divisions, called the Right and
Left Wing ; the Right commanded by Gen.
Howard, and the Left by Gen. Slocum (our
Corps commander). Nov. 15tb, wo started
from Atlanta, each Corps taking a different
road; the 20ih marching in the direction of
Stone Mountain—ten miles distant, which noint
we reached toward night. 1 had been very
busy np to the time of starting, and np all the
night previous; but by daylight was in the
saddle, and about 9 A. M, got the transporta
tion straightened and in motion, when Ire
turned to the city to give the finishing stroke
to my business there. Bat what a sight 1 Half
of the city was in flames. Powder and fire
were rapidly rendering public buildings, ma
chine shops where were forged and oast rebel
cannon, shot and shell for our destruction, wars
bouses wherein they were stored, and beautiful
private residences, an nndistingniahable mass
of ruins. Taking a last look at tbs doomed
city, I pat spars to my hqrse and struck oat
with'the thousands who composed the gallant
“ Army of Georgia/' on one of the boldest
moves recorded in the annals of ancient or
modern warfare. Encamped this night near
Stone Mountain. The next day we marched
-sixteen miles—nothing of interest occurring.
Nov. 17th, however, was a day long to bo re
membered by a few of us. We started early,
and after going five or six miles, strnok off from
tha main road into the country, on a foraging
expedition. Our party consisted of font be
sides myself, armed with revolvers. After go
ing through fields and woods seven or eight
miles, we came upon a plantation ; and as our
order from Gen. Sherman-^was^to seize all ser
viceable stock, we commenced a search for hor
ses, mules &o, but (found nothing but a yoke of
cattle, which we proposed to bring along with
ns ; but the old man implored, and the women
cried—the dear creatures I and so our bowels
of compassion were moved, and we consented
to Ist them remain. The ladiet (f) regaled us
upon hoe oake and milk, and directed us to go
on the road for half a mile, and then take the
left hand road ; which, they assured us, would
taka us to that on which our army was march
ing. Wid not like the idea of traveling any
farther on the road, but they said no Robs had
been seen around there for some time; so we
concluded ,to go on. Striking into an easy pace,
wo advanced gallantly soma hundred rods,
when we were “ brought up standing” by a
sharp order from some one in tha woods—
“ Halt I” We pulled up our' horses and draw
our revolvers. Although we were but a few
.rods apart, we could not see who had halted
us, owing to the thick woods. A horseman,
wearing one of our uniform great coats, rode
out to the edge of the woods, and inquired if
we wore Rebs, and on receiving our answer,
fired his carbine at us. At the same moment
the Rebels made a dash at us. As there were
30 or 40 of them armed with carbines, and only
five of us, armed with revolvers, we concluded
the odds were too great to fight, so wheeled
our horses and gpve them the spur; and I think
no “ turfman” who has his “ pile” invested on
some favorite racer, ever felt more interest in al
race than I did in that. It was life or death.
Our pursuers belonged to the 4th Tenn, Caval
, ry, whose orders were to take no prismert I
We were splendidly mounted, and so were
many of the Rebs ; hut we soon proved the lUr
perior mettle of our steeds, and gradually drhw
away from them. They could not fire with any
accuracy, and to stop was to let us gat out of
range. Soon-we came to the house where we
had called for the cattle; and the gentle crea
tures whom we left in tears, and who so kindly
informed us that the road was perfectly safe,
were standing on the steps—all bathed in
smiles—delighted, no doubt with tha thought,
that they would soon see the .“Yanks" in
that situation so pleasant to Southern epee. But
they were doomed to disappointment. Our no
ble horses boro us safely through; but it was
the last “tramp” my poor horse ever made;
and a more disagreeable order I never gave
than to take off herjsaddle and Lridle, and leave
her to die on the road side. We made about
twenty miles this day, and anoamped near mid
night. l!
A. G. CURTIN.
Nov. 18th, started about daylight, passed
through a place called Social Circle, and en
camped twenty miles from where we started in
the morning.
Nov. 19th, was rainy and the roads slippery.
We only marched ten miles-passing through
a village called Madison—one of the most beau
tiful rural towns I ever saw, and encamped
early. Oar foragers brought in [6O moles and
20 horses, which they captured in the country.
I kept on the road; having concluded to wait a
day or two before trying my hand at “ horse
racing” again. T
Nov. 20th, rainy. Wo marched but twelve
miles. i
Nov. 21at, pleasant, but roads heavy. Four
of us rode ahead and) reached a plaoe named
Eatonton, just as onr advanced column came
into town. As Southom ladies had tried to
have me killed, I proposed that the same olasa
of the genus homo (of the female gender)
should keep me alive. Sb selecting the largest
house in town, I rods up and ordered dinner
H'dq’bs Qhartermastzbs Dbp’t, 20rk 1
Corps, Left Wing, Army op Qto., p
December 16, 1864. 1