The Tioga County Agitatofi
by m, h. cob*, .e 7; -- .
D J 01-ery Wednesday mailed to
I 'e-at'-:,’/. BOLLAK AXD JIFFY iENTS
tuaj s I-d ADVANCE. ;i .
£ e V 0 Fl »,eri?sont postarv freetooountyffnbsiTll&r?,
A ,“ M V.er uny receive their mail at post-otf bcglo*
.’ e “lin :c.i=ii« imraoiiatcljadj-.inihg.fo'r
is the Official paper of Tio,ja 06.',
j“J r:a lates in ovary neighborhood-therein £db
%thttS being on the advance-pay system, it eifea-
E ’^sfttß 3n 3 a c j3S mo “ t t 0 Merest of advertisers
Trlwb' Xerms to advertisers a liberal as it jnse of
f’Vdtj' anr P l ?** 1 " °** equal'eifemation tn IT^rihern
Vfca:'' 1;aIild * , . - ‘ s r
■-£* a crosf on the margin of a paper,4ienoUs
irg tue su’) rcripliou i« about ' - '
Pt.)2ri ctll bo stopped when tbo subscription
t-’~jApires, unless the agentaiders 4heir centifin-
jl«s. LO vVBEI & S, F. WiL§o«,
1 xrOSNEYS & COUNSELLORS AT.&ktf;
j3_ vrill attend the Courts of Tioga, Potter and
M:tic'* n counties. [Wcllaboro, Jan.'.i, Xl6S.}
DICKINSON HOCSE,
COES IHfl, N. Y. ■ i i 1
-ijj i/FiED Prof-rMor;
\C£3TS taken to and from .the
(jr sf charge. _ [Jan. 1,18
P£SSSO,VA»IA HOUSJE,,*
cjr:;er or ,tuis street and'the ateSOe,,
WclUboro, Pa. 5
j, F BIGONY, : Proprietor.
rpEIS popular Hotel, " having been re-filteil
X tod ra-farnished throughout, is now open to the
t alUo as a first-.diiss horr e. [Jan. -I/ ISft o'--]
D, HART'S HOTEL. :
WLLLSBOEO, TIOGd. CO. ..
THE subscriber takes this method to inform
his old friends and customers that tie.has re-
IIX9-I tbe conduct of the" old “ Crjstal Bountain
il tej. ’ sn r 3 will hereafter gire-lt his entire attention,
for P a£ t he solicits'* renewatof tbe
' DAVID H£KT.
' foilsbero, Nov. i, 1563.-Iy.
IZA.IK WAITON HOtsii,
Gaiaas, Tioga County, PA. r ' '
g C. VERMILTEA, Proprittor.
THIS is a new hotel located within easy ao
cs» of the best fishing and hunting grounds in
ii'rthcrD Pennsylvania. No pains will be spared for
"• accommodation of pleasure seekers and the trav
elrcg public. , [Jan. 1, 188-3,]
A. FOLEf, ■
Wat;ne3: GlociiSj Jewelrv, &c,, £c.,
EEP AILED at old' trices.. ‘
TOST OFFICE BUILDING,
■ KO. 5, UK 10If BLOCK. : - .
Jlny 20 } 1863. * q
WESTERN EXCHANGE H<lTJElt,
KNOXVILLE,' BOROUGH, PA. ■
THE ualcrsignod having leased the ahcve Hotel
f.. r a term <it years would respectfully .inform
lie sniveling public that he has put the Hotitiu first
c ins» order for the reception of guests and dir pains
nil be spared in the accommodation of travel ira and
t! far ns the situation will allow, he will keep n first
r ass Hotel; iu nil things, except prices, whi'-a will
be medciate. Please try ns and judge for you selves.'
Knoxville, Oct. 19, ISGl—tf. J. H. MAP EIN.
DRUGS & DIEDICISES. /
so.vxios block, weblsbobo, pa.
P 5 K. WILLIAM#, ,
f "
BEuS leave to announce to* the citizens of Vt’Cjls-'
tore and vicinity, that he keeps ,consti '.tlj.on
laud nil kinds cf , • .
DRUGS. AND MEDICINES,,
Cbcttncals, Varnish, Paints, Soaps, Perfumery! Glass,
I rashes. Putty, Fancy Goods, Pure IVines, Bandies,'
•: , .iid all other kinks of Liquors of it c beat
~,'atj. AH kinds of v ,<i - ’
PATENT MEDICINES , .
f,.h rs Juvnc’a Expectorant, Alterative ant Pills:
Itr s darsjpp.i ilia. Pills and Cherry Pectoral ;■ HoJm
is E .tract Eacha, Sarsaparilla and Rose yfosh :
Vr> Winslow's Sothing Syrop; Wright'sj ..Pillq;.
, .7,: Cheeseman's Pills: Hail's BalsatJ-j=3in
7gers London Dock Gin : Herrick’s Pills am Plas
:rt: Brown’s Bronchial Troches, Ac., Ac. ,
Hay 25.1564-ly. P. R. WILLL MS.
REVENUE STAMPS. *i;
GHN M. PHELPS. Deputy Collector ot£Mab6-
4eU, has ju.t received a large lot of' B-ivemie'
cf all deaaniiaations, from one cent n'4 to?s.
-icj person wishing Sleeps can get them at nf
i ilan-ueld, or of M. BULL A.BD, Assistant A’ laesaor,
it tTellsK.ro* Fa. J. M. PHE LPS.
Msc.'Seld.’May 2, 1864. '
P. NEWELIi. DESTIST,
Xa:.-&IEl£. TIOGA CGUIITT, '.PA., .
[5 prepared to operate In all the improves.ents in
1, the various departments of filling, eslra£tlDjjj, in
'-•arg artificial dentures, &c. I 5
Mj.asfield. August 10, 1864-iy.
COWAKESQI'E HOUSE.?;
T'HI3 House which has been open for cocve lienee
1. cf the traveling public for a number .of
Utdv been newly furnished throughout an&fitted.
•1 in as joed style as can be found in any country or
: t Hotel. The Proprietor does-not hesitate Tu-sey
that there will be no pains spared to add fo the
c:x:ort of his guests, and mnko it a home far &em.-
ilc best of stabling for teams; and a goojl hostler
f”:js ui attendance, all of which cani Jpe found
•’-5 mile cast of Knoxville, Pa. I i • '
M. V. PURPLE Proprietor.
AcerScH, May 25, 1864.-ly. - '
WELT,SBORO HQTJH'IL
Street and the Avenve.) .
- .. Wcu-SBono.- Pa.- -.i
B. B; HOLIDAT, Proprietor. , - .
_ Cue of ti-e most popular .Houses in the pophty.
1 is Hotel is the principal Stage-house in Wl.ilsboro.
:> -.ro! loioa daily as follows: ' ' " *
. - r- i Ti-ga, at 9a. m.: For Troy, at S'a. no; For
Jersey o•, rr. every Tuesday and Friday at 2p. -m.:
■’ r Condersport. every Tuesday and Friday-at 3 g-m.
-tiOBS Aap.iVE—From Tioga, at 12 ..0V.00k,
; '■■■: Fi.'a Troy, at 6 o’clock p. m.: Froht'Jckey,
' Tueedry and Friday 11 a. m,; Front C’ouuers
i ii:-1 iv sal Friday II a. m. ' *
B.—Ji'nmv Cowden, the wail-known. hc-stler,
r -i oe i-.-ued on hand. ' - - '
Etl!.iioro, Oct. 5, 1564-ly. , -
-HUGH YOUNG, r
Bookseller & stationer;
AKD 'J
Clears, American, English. and -sjn»s
Jewelry, Silver Plated "Ware. SpeCrpcles,
v.-turo Frdmv'. i'Lutosraphic Albums. .Stereos iopes,
Perfumery, Yankee Notions, Fifebing
Ai^'e and Files, and Fancy and Toilet Article's,
BOOKS of every kind jieed rn the
•••aiy. constantly on hand and sent bv mail otb
?r*Jer. ' *
v '4- 5, P.NVfJ.V BLOCK, \TELbSBOR4St PA.
REVENUE" STAMPS. , '
A LARGE ASSORTMENT of Revenue! Stamps
,<l. ol ail dcDouunniions, jost received at 'lie First
•y- i -ual Bank of Wellsboro, in the Store |WMding
> *J- L. Rolnpaon. Persons wanting Stf'.nOs ore
"|ie!tiGcall and get a supply. ■* ■‘C
fti aT 25, 1364—tf. - •h '
A I yiTORS XO undmigoec* bnv-_
lD cbeeu appointed an Auditor to distr.bi te the'
' i ji-indr of Admimatrator'of Jadob • Fal V. do
. tfp l w i'd attend to the duties of, snid appointment
■ R II)AY, the Bth day of December, 1564. at the
'/-■’'iiLer r Qg c 0 ; n \VelUbOro,‘al 2 o'clock F. M.
ISM. THOS. ALLEN, Auditor.
( —Whereas, my wife SANOKA, bus left
and board without any just cause nr
t,, I ,':' l *}’-": I hereby forbid all persons hnrbjriug or
-■ .nj r,<r on m y account, ns I shall pay no debts of
• «ntn-tin E after tUi, date, -. his , '
tf,„ . MARTIN S STETgNS.
f L ri:Ecn n'D.'G, Stevens. mark. .
Not. 9, 1364. i.V
THE AGITATOR.
. '4a 4|ie mvtmnion of- Xfyt &rra of jFmfcoiu mif 4&e of iltform.
VOL. XL
ISdliti csl.
MESSiGS O? PHESI2EHT I.INCOI.W.
PsiloK-dtizejisr of the Senate
and Bouse o f Representatives
*
Again the blessings of health and abundant
harvests claim our profoandest gratitude to Al
mighty G.od.
The condition of our foreign affaire is reason
ably_ satisfactory.
. Mexico continues to be a theatre of civil'war.
While onr political relations with that country
have undergone no change, we hare at the same
strictly maintained neutrality between the same
belligerents. _ l
■At the request of the States of Costa Rica
and Nicaragua, a competent engineer has been
authorized to make a survey of the river San
Juan and the port of San Juan. It is a source
of much satisfaction that the difficulties, which
-for a moment excited some political appre
hension and caused a closing of the inter-oce
anic_transit route have been amicably adjusted,
and that there is a good prospect that the route
will soon be re-opened with an (increase of
capacity and adaptation. I
We could not exaggerate either tjhe commer
cial or the political importance of! that great
improvement. It would be doing injustice to
an important South American State not to ac-°
knowledge the directness, frankness and-cordi
ally'with which the United States of Columbia
have entered into intimate relations with this
Government. A Claims Convention has been
constituted to complete the unfinished work of.
the one which closed its 'session in IS6X.
The new liberal Constitution of Venezuela
having gone into effect with the universal ac
quiescence of the people, the government under
it has been recognized,.and diplomatic inter
course with it has been opened in a cordial and
fri ndly spirit.
The long-deferred Avis Island claim has been
satisfactorily paid and discharged. Mutual
have been made of the claims award
ed by the late Joint Commission for the settle
ment of claims between tba United States and
Peru. An earnest and cordial friendship con
tinues to exist between the two countries : and
such efforts as were in my power have- been
used to. remove misunderstanding, and avert a
threatening war between Peru and Spain.
Our relations are of the .most' friendly nature
with Cbi)i, the Argentine -Republic, Bolivar,
Costa Rica, Paraguay, San Salvador, and Hayti.
During the past year no differences of-nny kind
have arisen with any of these Republics, And,
on the other band, their sympathies with the
United States, are" constantly,expressed with
cordiality and earnestness.
The claims arising from the seizure of the
cargo of the brig Maecedonian, in 1821, baa
been paid in full by the Government of Chili.
Civil war continues in the Snanish port of
San Domingo, .apparently .without prospect of
an early close. : - - - 11 - ■ •'
Official correspondence haa been freely open
ed with Liberia, and it gives us a pteasing view
of social and political progress in thafßepublic.
It may be expected to- derive new vigor from
American influence, improved by the rapid dia
applarancrtrf Slavery m-the United States. —
I solicit your authority to furnish-to tho Re
public a gunboaflat a moderate cost, to be re
imbursed to the United Stales by, installments.
Such a vessel is needed for the safety of that
State against the native African races, and in
Liberian bands it wonld be more effective in
arresting the African slave-trade than a squad
ron in our own hands.
The possession of the least organized naval
force would stimulate n generous ambition in
tbe republic, and the confidence which we
should manifest by furnishing it would win
forbearance and favor toward the colony from
all civilized nations. The proposed overland
telegraph between America and Europe by the
way cf Behring Straits and Asiatic Russia,
which was sanctioned by Congress at the last
session, has been undertaken under very favor
able circumstances by (in association of Ameri
can citizens, with the cordial good will and
support as well of this Government as of those
nf Great Britain and Russia.
Assurances have been received from most of
the South American States, of their high ap
preciation of the enterprise and their readiness
to co-op rate in constructing lines tributary to
that world encircling communication.
I lesrn with much satisfaiMon that the noble
design of a telegraphic communication, between
the eastern coast of America and Great Britain
has'been renewed with full expectation, of. its
early accomplishment.
Thus it-is hoped that with the return of do
mestic peace the country will be able to resume
■’with- energy and advantage fier former high
(career of commerce and civilization. Dur very
popular estimable representative in Egypt,
died in April last. J
An unpleasant nltercation'jwhich arose be
tween tbe temporary incumbent of the office
and the Government of the Pacha,-resulted in
. a suspension of intercourse. . The evil was
promptly corrected on" tho arrival of tbe suc
cessor-in the-Gonsulate;. and our relations"with
Egypt as well as onr relations with the Bar
bara Powers, are entirely satisfactory.
The Rebellion which has so long been'fla
grant in Chinn, has at last been suppressed
with the cr-opcrating good offices of this Gov-
of tlie.other Western commercial
’■States, tho judicial consular establishment has
become very difficult and onerous, and it will
heed legislaiivo requisition to adopt to the ex-,
tension our commerce, and to the more inti
mate intercourse which has been instituted
with the Government and people of that vast'
empire.
- China seems ,to be accepting, with hearty
good will the conventional lawe-wbich regulate
commerce and social intercourse among the
Western nations. _ -
Owing to the peculiar situation of Japan,
and the anomalous form of its Government, the
action of .that Empire in performing treaty
stipulations is inconsistent and capricious. Nev
ertheless, good progress has been effected by the
Wfestern .Powers moving with enlightened con
cert. Our own pecuniary claims have been
allowed/ or put in course ofsetllement,' and
the Inland Saadias been reopened to commerce.
WHILE THERE SHALL BE A WRONG UNRIGHTED, AND UNTIL ‘‘MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN” SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE
. WELLSBORO, TIOGA COUNTY. TA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 14,. 1864. NO. 17.
There is.reason .also,to believe that these
proceedings have increased rather, than dimin
ished the friendship pf Japan toward the
United States. , .
The porta of Norfolk, Fernandiua and Pen
sacola bare been opened by proclamation.
It is hoped that foreign merchants will now
consider whether‘it is not safer and more profit
able to themselves as well as just to the United
States to resort to-these and other open ports,
than it is to pursue, through many hazards
and at vast cost, a contraband trade with other
ports which are closed, if not by actual military
operation, at least by a lawful, and effective
blockade.
-For,myself I have no doubt of the power and
duty of the Executive, under the law of nations,
to exclude ehemies of the human race from an
asylum in the United States. If Congress
should think that proceedings in such cases
lack the authority of law, or ought to he fur
ther regulated by it,'l recommend that pro
vision be made for effectually preventing for
eign Slavetfaders from acquiring domicile and
facilities for their criminal occupation in our
country.
It is possible that if this were a, new and
open question, the maratime powers with the
light they now enjoy, would not concede" the
privileges of a naval belligerent, to the insur
gents of the United States, destitute as .they
are and always have been, equally of ships and
of ports and harbors.
Disloyal emissaries have been neither less
assiduous nor more successful during the last
year than they were before that turn in their
efforts under favor of that priviiedge to embroil
ou,t country in foreign wars. The desire and
determination of the Maritime States to defeat
that design are believed to lie as sincere as, and
cannot be more earnest than our own.
Nevertheless, unforseen political difficulties
have arisen, especially in Brazilian and Brit
ish ports, and on the northern boundary of the
United States, which have required and are
likely to continue to require the practice of
constant vigilance, and a just and ccncilliatory
spirit on the part of the United States, as well as
of the nations concerned and their Governments.
Commissioners have been appointed under the
treaty with Great Britain, on the adjustment of
the claims of the Hudson Bay and Pugeta
Sound Agricultural Companies in-Oregon, and
are. now proceeding to the execution of the
trust assigned them.
In view of the insecurity of life in the region
adjacent to the Canadian border by recent as
saults and depredations committed by inimical
and desperate persons who are harbored there,
it has been thought proper to give notice that
after the expiration of six months, the period
conditionally stipulated in the existing arrange
ments with Great Britain, the United States
must hold themselves at liberty
their naval armament upon the lakes, if they
shall find that proceeding necessary.
The condition qf the Border will necessarily
oojne into consideration in connection with the
continuing or modifying the rights of transit
frifm Canada-through the United States, as well
as the regulation of imposts, which were tem
noratily established by the Reciprocity Treaty
of the sth June. 1864. I desire, however, to
be understood while making-tbis statement
that the Colonial authorities are not deemed to
be intentionally unjust or unfriendly toward
the United States; bat, on the contrary, there
is every reason to expect, that with the ap
proval of-theTmperial Government, they will
take the necessary fheasure to prevent new in
cursions across the border.
The act passed at the last session for the
encouragement of emigration, ha?, as far as
was possible, been put into operation.
It seems to need an amendment which will
enable the officers of the Government to prevent
the practice of frauds against the immigrant
while on their wav and on their arrival in the
ports, so na to secure them here a free choice
of avocations and places of settlement.
A liberal disposition towards this great na
tional policy is manifested by moat of the Euro
pean States, and ought to be reciprocated on
our part by. giving the immigrants effective
national protection. I regard our emigrants
as one of tbe principal replenishing streams
which' are appointed by Providence to repair
the ravages of internal war,- and its wastes of
national strength and health. *
All that'is necessary is to secure the flow of
that stream in its present fullness, and to that
end tbe Government must, in every way, taako
it manifest that it neither needs nor designs to
impose involuntary military service upon those
who come from other lands to cast their lot in
bur country. The financial affairs of tbe Gov
ernment have been successfully administered.
During the last year the legislation of the
last session of Congress has beneficially affect- j
ed the revenue. Although sufficient time has I
not yet elapsed to experience the fall -effect of
the provisions of the net of Congtbss imposing
increased taxation, 1 tho receipts during the
year, from all sources, upon the basis of
warrants signed by the Secretary ,of the I
Treasury, including loans and the balance in I
the Treasury on the first day of July, 1803,!
were §1,394,790,007 02 and the aggregate
disbursements, upon the same basis,, were §l,-;
298,056,101 89,-lsavingj a balance in tho Treas--
oty, as shown by warrants of $96,739,905 73.
Deduct ficra these amounts the amount of tho
principal of-tho public debt redeemed, and
the amount of issues in substitution therefor,
and the actual cash operations of the Treasury
were: Receipt 5,5884,075,646,77; disbursements,
$865,234,087 76 ; which leaves a cash balance
in the Treasury of $18,842,558 71. Of the
receipts there were derived from customs, $102,-
310,152 99 ; from lands, $088,333 29 from
direct taxes, $475,648 90 ; from internal reve
nue, $109,751, 123 10; from miscellaneous
sources, $47,511,448; and from" loans applied
Ito actual expenditures, including former bal
ance, $623,442,929 13. Thera were disbursed
for the civil service $27,505,599 46; pen
sions and Indians, 37,517,930 97 ; for the
War Department, 360,791, 842 97 ; for the Na
vy Department, $5,733,292 79 ; for interest of
the public debt, $53,685,421 69, making an ag
gregate of-5805,234,081-86, and leaving a bal
ance in the Treasury-of $18,842,558 71 as be
fore stated.
For actual receipts and disbursements for the
first quarter and the estimated receipts and
disbursements for the the three remaining
quarters of the current fiscal year, and the
general operations of the Treasury in detail, I
refer you to the report of the Secretary'of the
Treasury. j
I concur with him in the opinion that the
proportion of the moneys required to meet the
expenses consequent upon the war, derived
from taxation, should be still further increased ;
and I earnestly invite your attention to this
subject, to the end that there may be such ad
ditional legislation as shall be required to meet
the jost expectations of the Secretary.
-Thff-pablio debt on the first day of July last,
as appears by the boohs of the Treasury,
amounted to one billion seven hondred and
forty million six hundred and ninety thou
sand four hundred and eighty-nine dol
lars and forty-nine cents. Probably, ehould
the war continue for another year, that amount
may be increased by. not far from five-hundred
millions. Held as it is for the most -part by
our own people, it has become a substantial
branch of national though private property.
For obvious reasons the more nearly this
property can ha distributed among all the peo
ple, the better to favor such general distribu
tion greater inducements to become owners
might perha(ps with good effect and without in
jury bo presented to persons of limited means.
With this view I suggest whether it might not
be both expedient and competent for Congress
to provide that a limitdd amount of some fu
ture issue of public securities might be held
by any bona fide purchaser exempt from tax
ation and from seizure for debt, under such
restrictions and limitations as might be neces
sary to guard against abuse of so important
a privilege. This would enable prudent per
sons to set aside a small annuity against a
possibly day of want.
Privileges like these would render the pos
session] of such securities to the amount limit
ed m|st desirable to every person of small
means, who might be able to-save enough- for
the purpose. -' The great- advantage of citizens
being creditors os well as debtors, with relation
to the public debt, is obvious. Men readjly
perceive that they cannot be much oppressed
by a debt which they owe to themselves.
The public debt on the first day of July last,
although somewhat exceeding the estimate of
the Secretary of the Treasury made to Con
gress at the commencement of last session, falls
short of the estimate of that officer made in
the succeeding December as to its probable
amount at the baginnieng of his year, by the
sum of §3,995,099 33. This fact exhibits'a
satisfactjir condition and conduct of'the opera
tions of the Treasury.
The National banking system is proving to
be accaptable to capitalists and to-the people.
Ou the 25th day of November 584 National
Banks had been organized. A considerable
number -of which were conversions from
State banks. Changes from the State system
are rapidly taking place, and it is hoped that
very soon there will be in the United States no
banks of issue not authorized by Congress, and
no bank note -circulation, not secured by the
Government and the people will derive general
benefit from this change in the banking sys
tems of the couniry can hardly be question
ed.
The national system, will create a reliable
and permanent influence in support of the
national credit and protect the people against
losses in the use of paper money. Whether
or. not any further legislation is advisable
for the suppression of Sate Bank issues, it
will be for. Congress to determine. It seems
quite clear that the Treasury cannot be satis
factorily conducted unless the Government can
exeroiss a a restraining power over the bank
note circulation of the country.
The report of the Secretary of War and
the accompanying documents will detail- the.
campaigns' of the armies in tbe field since
tbe date of the last annual message, and also
the operations of the several administrative
bureaux of the War Department during the
last year. ‘
It will also specify the measures deemed
essential for tbe national defense, and to
keep up and supply tho requsite military
\ force. Tbe Report of the Secretary of the
I Navy presents a comprehensive and satisfac
tory exhibit of the affairs of tho Department,
1 and of the Naval service. It is a subject of
{ congratulation and laudable pride to oar
: countrymen, that a Navy of such vast pro
portions has been organized in so brief a.pe
j riod, and conducted with so much efficiency
! and success.
The general exhibit of the Navy, including
vessels under construction on tho first of
December, 1564, shows a total of. 671 vessels,
carrying 4,610 guns and 510,396 tuns, being
an actual increase during the year over and
above all losses by shipwreck or in battle of
83 vessels, 167 guns, and 42,427 tuns. The
total number of men at this time in the Na
val service, including- officers, is about 51,000.
There*have been captured by tho Navy during
the year 324 vessels,'and the whole number
of Naval captures since hostilities commenced
is 1',379, of which 267 are steamers. Tbe
gross proceeds arising from the sale of con
demned prize property thus far reported,
amount to $14,396,250 51.
A largo amount (if such proceeds is still un
der adjudication, and yet to be reported. The
total expenditure of the Nary Department of
every description, including the cost of the
immense squadrons that have been called in
to existence from the 4th of Morch, 18G1, to
the Ist of November, 18C4, are 8238,647,262-
35. Tour favorable consideration is invited
to the various recommendations of the Secre
tary of the Navy especially in regard to a
Navy-Yard and suitable establishment for the
construction and repair of iron vessels and
the machinery and armature fur our ships, to
which reference was made in my last annual
message. _
Youf attention is also invited to the ,flews
expressed in the report in relation to the Leg
islation of Congress, at its last session in re
to prize on our inland waters.
1 cordially concur in the recommendation of
the Secretary as to tbo propriety of creating
the new rank of Vice-Admiral in our Naval
service.- Your attention is invited to the re
port of the Postmaster-General for a detailed
account of the, operations and financial ‘condi
tion of the Post-Office Department.
The Postal revenues for the year ending
June 30, 1864, amounted to $12,438,253 78;
and the expenditures to §12,644,786 20; the
excess of expenditures over receipts being
§206,652 42. •
The views presented by tbs Postmaster-Gen
eral on the subject of special grants by the
Government in aid of the establishment of new
lines of ocean mail steamships and the policy
be recommends for the development of increas
ed commercial intercourse with adjacent and
neighboring countries should receive care
ful consideration of Congress.
It is of noteworthy interest that the steady
expansion of copulation, improvement and gov
ernmental institutions ‘over the new and unoc
cupied portions of our country "have scarcely
been checked, much less impeded or destroyed
by our great civil war, which, at first glance,
would seem to'have absorbed almost the en
tire energies of the nation.
Tbetirganization and admission of the State
of Nevada has been completed, in conformity
with law,and thus our excellent system is firmly
established in the mountains which once seem
ed a barren and uninhabitable wafte between
the Atlantic States and those which have
grown up on the coast of tbe Pacific ocean.
The Territories of the Union are gener
ally in a condition of prosperity and growth.—
Idaho and Montana, by reason of their great
distance and the interruption of commnnioa
*tion with them by Indian hostilities, have been
only partially organized; bnt-it is understood
that these difficulties are about to disappear,
which will permit their governments, like those ’
of the others, to go into speedy and full opera
tion, as intimately connected with, and promo
tive of this material growth of the nation. I
ask the attention of Congress to the valuable
information and important recommendations
relating to the public lands, Indian affairs, the
Pacific Railroads, and the mineral discoveries
contained in tho report of the Secretary of the
which is herewith transmitted, and
which report also embraces the subjects of tbe
patents,! pensions, and other topics of public
interestlportaining to this Department. The
question of public land disposed of during the
five quarters ending on the thirteenth of Sep
tember last was, 4,221,342 acres, of which 1,-
538,614 acres were entered under the Home
stead law. The remainder was located with
military land warrants, agricultural scrip cer
tified to States for railroads and sold for cash.
The cash received from sales and location fees
was §1,019,440. The income from sales du
ring tbe fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, was
§678,007 95 received during tho preceeding
year. The aggregate number of acres survey
ed'during the year has been equal to the quan
tity disposed of, and there is open to settlement
about 133,000,000 acres of surveyed land.
Tbe great enterprise of connecting the At
lantic!-with tho Pacific States by railways and
telegraph lines has been entered upon with a
vigor that gives assurance of success, notwith
standing the embarrassments arising from the
prevailing high prices of materials and labor.
The route of the main line of tbe road has
been definitely located for one hundred miles
westward from the initial point at Omaha City,
Nebraska, and a preliminary location of the
of the Pacific Railroad of California has been
made from Sacramento eastward to the great
bend of Mucker River in Nevada. Numer
ous discoveries of gold, silver/ and oinnebar
mines have |beenadded to the many heretofore
•known, and the country occupied by the Sier
ra Nevada and Rooky Mountains, and the sub
ordinate ranges now teem with enterprising
labor which is richly remunerative.
It is believed that the products -of the
mines of precious metals in that region has
during the year reached if not exceeded $lOO,-
000,000 in value. It was recommended in my
last Annual Message that our Indian system
be remodelled. Congress at its last- Session
acting upon tbe recommendation, did provide
for re-organizing the system in California, and
it is believed that under the present organiza
tion the management of the Indians there will
he attended with reasonable success, much yet
remains to be done to provide for tho proper
government of the Indians in other parts of the
country to render it secure for the advancing
settler and to provide for the welfare of the
Indian. The Secretary reiterates his recom
mendations and to them the attention of Con
gresses invited.
The liberal provisions mads by Congress for
paying pensions to invalid soldiers and sailors
of the Republic, and ’to the widows, orphans
and dependent mothers of those who have
fallen in battle or died of disease contracted or
of wounds received in the service of their coun
try, have been dilligently administered.
There have been added to tbe pension rolls
during the year day of June
last, tbe names of 16,770 invalid soldiers,
and of 271 disabled seamen,, making the pres
ent number of army invalid pensioners 22,767,
and of navy ifivalid pensioners 712. Of wid
! ows, orphans and mothers, 22,198 have been
i placed on the army pension rolls and 248 on
j the navy, rolls. ‘
The present number of Army pensioners of
this class is 25,433, and of ksvy pensioners
T 93. At the beginning of the year the nnmber
of revolutionary pensioners was 1,430. Only
twelve of them were soldiers, of whom seven
have since died. The remainder are those who,
under the law receive pensions because of re
lationship to revolutionary soldiers.
During the year ending the 30th of June,
1864, $4,504,616 92 have been paid to pension
ers of all classes.
I cheerfully commend to your continued pat
ronage tie benevolent institutions of the Dis
trict of Columbia, which Iwe hitherto been es
tablished or fostered by Congress, and re
pectfully refer for r information concerning
them, and in relation to the Washington Aque
duct, the Capitol and other matters of local in
terest to the Report of the Secretary.
The Agricultural Department, under the
supervision of its.preaent energetic and faith
ful head, is-rapidly commending itself to tho
Rates of Advertising.
Advertisements will be charged $1 par sq»»r« of 10
lines, one or three insertions, and 25 cents for triTf
subsequent insertion. Advertisements of lest than M
lines considered as a square. The subjoined rataa
will bo charged for Quarterly, Half-Yearly and Yearly
advertisements:
3 MOSTH3. 6 MOHTHS. 12 JIOHXH*
1 Square, 34,00 $5,75 *7,50
2 do 6,00 -8,25 10,00
2 do. 8,76 10,75 12,50
1 Column, 10,00 12,00 15,75
i do 18,75 25,00 31,50
1 do 30,00 42,00 60,00
Advertisements not having the number of inser
tions desired marked upon them, will be published
until ordered ont and charged accordingly.
Posters, Handbills, Bill-Heads, Letter-Heads, and
all kinds of Jobbing done in country establishments,
executed neatly and promptly. Justices’, Constable's
and other BLANKS, constantly on hand.
great and vital interest it was created to ad
vance. It is peculiarly the People'* Depart
ment, in which they feel more directly concern
ed than in any other- T commend it to the
continued attention and fostering care of Con
gress.
The war continues. Since the last annnal
message, all the important lines and positions
then occupied by our forces have been main
tained, and oar armies have steadily advanced,
thus liberating the : regions left in the rear, so
that Missouri Kentucky, Tennessee, and parts
of other States, have again produced reason
ably fait crops.
The most remarkable featnras In the mila
tary operations of the year, is: General Sherman
attempted march of 300 miles directly through
insurgent regions. It tends to show a great
increase of our relative strength, that our Gen
eral-in-Chief should feel able to confront and
hold in check every active force of the enemy,
and yet to detach a well-appointed, large army
to move on such an expedition'.'
The result not yet' being known, conjecture
in regard to it is not here indulged. Impor
tant movements have also occurred during the
year to the effect of moulding society for dura
bility in the Union—although short of com
plete success it is much in the .right direction,
that,l2,ooo citizens in each'of the loyal States
of Arkansas and Louisiana have organized loy
al State governments with free constitutions,
and are earnestly struggling to maintain and
administer them.
The movement in the same direction, more
extensive though less definite, in Missouri,
Kentucky and Tennessee should not be over
looked.
But Maryland presents an example of com
plete success. Maryland is secure to Liberty
and Union for all the future.-.. The genius of
Rebellion will no more claim Maryland. Like
another I foul spirit, being driven out, it may
seek to tear her, but it will rule her no more.
To the last session of Congress a proposed ’
amendment of the Constitution abolishing Sla
very throughout the United Stales passed the
Senate, but failed for lack of the requisite two
thirds vote in the House ofr Representatives.—
Although the present is the same Congress, and
nearly the same members, and without ques
tioning the wisdom or patriotism of those who
stood in opposition, I venture to recommend
the consideration and passage of the measure
at the present session.
Of coarse the abstract question is npt chang
ed, but an intervening election shows almost
certainly that the next Congress will pass the
measure if this does cot. Hence there is only a
question of time as to when the proposed
amendment will go to the States for their ac
tion, and as it is to go at all events, may we
not agree that the sooner the better. It is not
claimed that the election has imposed a duty on
members to change their views or their votes
4ny further than as an additional element to
bo considered. Their judgment may be affect
ed by it.
It is the voice of the People now for the first
time beard up'on the question. In a great Na
tional crisis like ours, unanimity of action
among those seeking a common end is very
desirable, almost indispensable, and yet no ap
proach to such unanimity is attainable unless
some deference shall be paid to the will of the
majority, simply because it is the will of the
majority.
In this case the common end is the mainte
nance of the Union, and among the means to
secure that end, such will, through the election,
is most clearly declared in favor of such con
stitutional amendment. The most reliable in
dication of public purpose in this! country is
derived through our popular elections. Judg
ing by the recent canvass and its result, the
purpose of the people within the loyal States
to maintain the integrity of the Union was
never more firm nor mors nearly unanimous
than now.
The extraordinary calmness aiTd good order
with which the millions of voters met and min
gled at the polls, give strong assurance of this.
Not only those who supported the “Union
ticket” (so-called), but a great majority of the
opposing party also, may be fairly claimed to
entertain and to be actuated by the same pur
pose. It is an unanswerable argument to this
effect that no candidate for any office whatever,
high or low, has ventured to seek votes on the
avowal that he was for giving up the Union.
There has been much.heated controversy"as
to the proper means arid best mode of advan
cing the Union cause, but in the distinct issue
of Union or no Union the politicians bave shown
their instinctive knowledge that there is no
diveisity among the people. In affording the
People a fair opportunity of showing one to
another and to the world this firmness and
unanimity of purpose, the election hat been of
vast value to the national cause.
The-election has exhibited another fact not
lees valuable to be known—the fact that wa do
not approach exhaustion in the moat impor
tant branch of tbs national resources, that ot
living men. While it is paelancholy to reflect
that the war has filled so many graves and
carried mourning to so many hearts, it is soma
relief to know, compared with the surviving,
the fallen have been so few. While corps, and
divisions, and brigades, and regiments have
formed, and fought, and dwindled, and gone
out of existence, a great majority of the men
who composed them are still living. The same
is true of the naval service. The election re
turns prove this. So many voters could not
else be found. The States regularly holding
elections, both now and four years ago, to wit:
California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, In
diana, lowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,
New-Harapshire, New- Jersey-New York,
Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island,
Vermont, West Virginia and Wisconsin, cast
3,982,011 votes now, against 3,870,222 cast
then, showing an aggregate now of 33,982,011,'
to which is to be added 33,762 cast now in Ithe
new States of Kansas and Nevada, which States
did not vote in 1860.' Thus swelling the aggre
gate to 4,075,773, and the increase daring the
three years and a half of war to 145,751. A
table is appended showing the particulars.
To this, again,- should be added the number
of all soldiers in the field from Massachusetts,-