ie- !
BY M. H. COBB. i ;
pr.Wi'shed e ve ry_W e d nes daj_m qroj laM-lft.
fcfrlbersat'ONß DOLLAR AND" FXFI RENTS'
y«r.-«i*w»3» ma rear: ;•*:. j-
F Tao paperissent postage free tocounty stW luribers,
.. j.i, tpjy mty receive their mail at posttf Hoes lo
‘cJe|,a counties immediately adjoining, fblfilunven
' AoiriToa is the Official paper of Id -y : a C 0. ,:
n j circulates in every neighborhood Snh
j„jniions being on the advanee-pay system!. dTeircu
. tes among a class most to the interest tirtiaers
is rcach. Terms to advertisers as liberal hose'of
fered by any paper of equal circulation itj^-orthern
Pennsylvania. _ V?''
\ cross on the margin of a paper u lenotes
thi tfae saticription is about to expire,
Pjpsri Trill be stopped when thp snpi ription
tice expires-, unless the agent orders thci&o -.Dtinu
rrce. 1
f AS. LOWREY Sc S. F.
A TtORNEIS & COUNSELLORS^'!/AW,
A- will attend the Courts of Tioga,.Pc *or and
McKean [Welicboro. l, ,BCT]
DICKIIfSOTV HOUSE,
1 CORKING, N. X, : f
lUi. A. HELD -..Proprietor.
GUESTS taken to and from the Def 'ot free
of charge. [Jan. l. j'B63.]
PFHUfSFLVAWIA HOtfSJfJ,
CORNER OF. MAIN STREET AND TIlE' A'' .A'tlE,
Wellsboro. Pa. •-r. A’;.
}. If. -BIGONY, Proprietor.
THIS popular Hotel, having been’
and re-furnished lg the
public as a first-class house. £Jan.il, y^63.j
D. HABT’Si HOTEL. I
WELLSBOSO, TIOGd CO. PS^lfA.
THE subscriber takes thia.metbod-to ®afgrm
bis old friends and customers that be ha* re.
icaed the conduct of the old " Crystal f ountain
Hotel,” and will hereafter give it his entire a jehtion.
Thankful for past favors, bp solicits a renew# of the
if ß e. DAVLDj-IlhpßT.,
TTollshoro, Nov. 4, 1863.-ly. •
IZAAfi WALTOS XIOVS|3,
Gaines, Tioga bounty, Vs, '
g. c. VEEMILYEA. ;.Pjcoisietor.
THIS is a new hotel located within e' kj ac
cess cf the best fishing and. hunting gra -ads in
northern Pennsylvania. No pains wlll'be sp ed for
ECC ommodtttion of pleasure seekers and tl •_ Vrav.
eiiicg public. [Jan. 1, "■ ■■
WATCHES, CLOCKS . IKD
jgV JEWEIBI! ' -
Repaired at BULLARD'S i CO'S. STOfcE;bythe
tabaerlber. in the beet manner. and at as loV.f ices ai
the tame work can bo done (or, by .any flrj f ra'.a prac
tical workman in the State. /, eo.
ITelleboro, July 13, 1563. A. st. H'dEipT.
A * EOMj E ST.* , ,
Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, -Sc., its.,
Repaired at oxd.prices, f
POST OFFICE BUILPI^,
KO. 5, UNION BLOCK . J.
Slay 20,1863. ■ *,
E, R. BLACK, ' ' '
BARBER & HAIR-DRESi :R,
SHOP OVER C. L. WILCOX'S STOR.
NO. 4, UNION BLOC .:.
ffcllsboro, June 24, 1863. - *T
AaRIGULTUBfAi. IMPLEMENTS.
IRT’CLD inform Dealer! in lmpl
ement*. that I hare Horse Eakee of the m J/t ap
' ■ vei stjles and superior quality.
Fakes of a better quality than any raanufac', -jjed in
section, whioh I will furnish in any qUaclsy de
nrod. to dealer*-in' tt» counties of Tioge, $ s'j. ford,
tti Lycoming, D. R.
Maicsburg, Nov. 18, 1863—Smos. 4 * i *
BOA RDM Alf AND GKii’!
CELEBRATED / *’
PATENT
ISOLATED IRON RIM, .AND FR|;ME
pianofortes; ■%
These pianos have the pure mnaical tone 0 the
IV,lid, together with the strength,of the Iron, and are
tC2S far superior to all others. The Ov6s irtrung
Staler, giving in connection tbo lron
K.as. full, round, powerful, and sweet tone. -jThese
will remain in tune a greater length. time
tt.an any other pianos .known, and are lor
ibe tune of £ve year?. "The-nnskarsigned, .olfrnjjthesc
j.acos at tie same prices as at the warc„T.jrms in
•ifcacy c-r New York, saving the buyer,the of
g..ng there lo buy, and will keep them in tnUu-jr the
l.rmef three veers, without charges. For A>?Jneral
Ascription’these pianos‘send for a circil*r,.con
tu'citg priofes. styles, Ab. I* HOST,
' Osceola; Tioga County: Pa,
Osceola, Feb. 17,1564. ’
DUUGS & OTEDICIBEfi.' ,
-'■s, 3, UNI OX BLOCK, WELLSBOB'K’PA.
P. R. WILLIAMS,
BEGS leave ttrsrmottcec to the citircrrs Crf;J#dls
boro aad vicinity, that constefitly on
J-ttd all kinds of , ■
DRDGS ANQ MEDICINES^rI
Cietnicale. Varuiab, Paints, Soaps, Perfumes,
Iroilicfi. Putty, Fancy Goods, Pure Wines,
and all btber- kipke ,of; Liquors of ■ best
K-my. All kinds o|'“' , . '
"I^ATENTtMEDICIN^
kit as Jayne's Expectorant, -Alterative a.tf» Pills;
Ajct'iSarsaparilla, Pills and Cherry Pe.ctoral/Jleim-
Eiiraet Buchii, Sarsaparilla a6d Koat
Vidilow's Sothing Syrupy Wright’* Pills;
Cbcesemac’s Pills; Uulliß Balsatai,. Bin
■:ctr'* London Dock Gin : Herrick's Pills Uf^Plas
‘w, Brown's Bronchial Troches, Ac., do. y .| .
%2U£&bly. •_ P,.R, .
HEVCNCJE STAMPS. v
J’-'HS M. PHELPS, Deputy Collector ot Mans
s tddj Las just received a large lot of ..’tovenue
iEi, of all denominations, from one coni pto $5.
-‘- L ? Wishing Stanpa,can get them at Uj* office
• jLnjßcld, or of M. BULLARD, AgaietantV.&ierSor,
l ' "elhbvro, V*. - :J. M. Pfi^LPS.
’f&CfeEtld, May 2, 1804/ ” *
Wheeler's Horse Powers and Thresh;.
ers and Cleaners..
T2E subscriber would respectfully ancciiuce to
to the Threshers and Fanners of Tiogajiud ad
•’ coutities, that he still continues to .sell the
:ve umed MACHINES, and-that I Jftve the
brisuTe cf offering this season some in*
t- v effiems on the old machines and a large
" t-e variety, i now hare for sale Railrofd Horse
for one, two, and three horses, three dif erent
oflV heeler'? Rake Cleaners, six horse
‘ •*fers. HoKard!s Mowers and combined Mo\r> s and
Smith's Green Mountain Shingle Machine;
F^? e p S se ‘f Horse Forks, Clover-tkullers,
eti "utters. Circular and Drag Saws, to
-rfc Horse Rakes, Ac., Ac. » .
» , will bo sold strictly .at the truiitufa^-
ce? ‘ elding transportation, and w ilfbts war
- to give entire satisfaction or no sale. ■ 'Extras
\! 6 P*ringold machines kept on hand. . [
IkA'vl' Ma THERS, of Wollsboro, afld' G. H.
;‘IEP V i CO.. of Xe’sonj arc my assistant sgenta
■ uogaCynnty, where Forks will bo . hand
left for other Machinery will be, prompt If
Descriptive! Circulars con’tal&ute prjcfc
ell applicants* * B. S. TEARS, f
June 29, 1864-tf. ' ‘ \ , •
„ Hugh .
200R SEIEiER STATIONER,
srst> dealer iir
’t*^ C££ American, English, ao'Cl swiss
r^ es ' Jewelry, .Silver Plated Ware/.Spectacles,
* raQes » -Photographic Albums,
F £ ,'j.;‘ Co Perfumery, Yankeu Notions,
Fiiejj and Fancy and Toilet *
BOOKS, cf fyery n.ihe
i‘vt«. QU£t on hand and teat by ma^'r«t oth
to order. •/ •
■ 5 , mox vlook; weateoMlu. '
VOL. XI.
12%
DRFG IST QBE,
Prince’s Metallc Paint, Pfizer i Co’s Chemicals,
'Thaddeus Bavid’a Inks, - -Fluid Extracts, o
Concentrated Medicines, Rochester Perfumery and
Cincinnati Wines -and Flavoring Extracts/-
Brandy,. Paints and Oils,
'Whitewash Lime, - - -Petroleum Oil,-'
Kerosene- Lamps,- 1 . Drugs and- STefiirines, - ■"
Patent Medicines, I*. • . School Boots')-
Stationery/-. .• »; Wall Paper,*-I - K■ ■
'Wyoming Mills Wrap-, Window Glass r • - -
ping Paper,, ■ J)yc Colors,
Fornishedat Wholesale Prices by ... r
_- w. D. TERBEtL)
- ; Corning Nw T. 1
Zimmemann & Go’s.
TtATITE BEARBT A WISE?,
MEDICAL & COMMUNION PURPOSES.
CATAWBA BRANDY. 1
THIS BRANB»Y_ has been analysed,by the Medi-.
ical Director of--the Naval Labratory at Brooklyn,
and substituted for French Brandy, for-' os© in the
United States Navy. It is also.used and recommend.,
edby Dr. Satterlee, Medical. Purveyor in New York
9f U. S. Army, in the “Hospital of his Department.
DRY CATAWBA WINE. .
THIS WINE has all the properties of Dry Sherry
Wine. ’■ • • \
SWEET CATAWBA W^E.
THIS WINE for its mildness is adapted for Inva
lids and-for Communion purposes.
Messrs, zimmermann a co., of cinoia.
nati and New York had formerly partnership
..with N. Loogworih of Cincinnati the wealthy Native
Wine producer, and therefore enables them to furnish
the best of American production, at moderate prices.
Sold by W, D.'TERBELL S at Wholesale' and. Re
tail, and by Druggists generally.
Corning, N. Y., Jan. 20, 1564-tf.
Farmer’s Catechism.
Question. What is tho best kind of Wooden beam
Won? ' . ' '
Answer. The WIARD FLOW. ;
* Qhes.' Wherein does it excel all others ?
Ans. In ease of draft, in being less liable to clog,
and in fact ft excels in every ■particular.
Ques. Where is this Plow to be found'? "I
. Ans. At -thfr KNOXVILLE FOUNDRY, j where
they are made, and at various' agencies around the
country. - ;
Ques. Are there any other plows made at that
Foundry ?
{Ans. Yea! Biles makes various kinds of wooden
-and iron beam Plow;, both for flat land and aide'hill,
and he keeps, ahead,of .all other establishments by.
getting the 6.EST PATTERNS, invented,, without
regftWfe fhVCOST.' 1 ‘ r ‘ ~ "
Ques. Are Plows all that Biles makes? *-u . .
' Ans. By no means.. He also mpkes- HORSE
HOES; a superb article for Corn, Potatoes,. Ac.
ROAD SCRAPERS tbat beat the world* Cast Cul
tivator Teeth oT a very superior pattern. Shovel
Plow .Castings for new. lan i r and indeed almost every
thing that is'ever made at a Foundry; from a Boot
Jack to a Steam Engine.
Ques. Would you then advise me to buy there?
Atis. Most dcrtainly would I, for besides making
the beet every thing, Biles makes _th use -
that arc the most D URABLE, and it is a common ex
pression where bis. Plows have been introduced,.tbat
they"last os long as from two to four got at any other
shop; he.has always heeifc.at, the business from a J
small boy and ought to know how it is done, and If
you. try his wares once,you be ready, with me to
tell all wanting anything in' that'Jinc'to go. eericT..or
in some way procure them of J. P. BILES/at
theilnoxvillerFoundry,*
Knoxville, March 30, 1563-tf.»* i •_ \ ?j £
- New Millinery Goods.
MBS. A. J. SOFIELD desires to call the atten
tion of the Ladies of Wellsboro and vicinity,
to her New Stock of Spring Millinery Goods, consist
ing of the latest styles of Bonnets, Hats, Head Dress
es, Caps, Ac., and a variety of French Flowers, Shell
and Straw Ornaments, the latest novelties in the way
■of Trimmings. Infant'a-Hatsnnd-Cops, Old Ladies'
Dress Caps, Grenadoin Veils of the newest shades..
Mrs. $. feels particularly -grateful for the patronage
'of .her friends, and would say that she has engaged
one of the best Milliners for the season, and is'pre
pared to repair Straws in the best manner. She is
receiving Goods constantly from Now York, and will
keep a good assortment. Her rooms will be found
hereafter opposite Roy's Drug Store, in the. building
lately occupied by Miss Smith. • *
" WeUsboro, April 13,18C4-tf.
MISS PAULINE SMITH,.,has” removed to thp
house (late tbe residence of Chas. Williams,)
oppdsite-tho'United 'States Hotel." I wish to inform
my customers that I have just Teceived.my. ■ ~ -
SPRING AND SUMMER GOODS,
and can he found at thwabare to do work
in the best manner for ail who may favor, me with a~
'call. . PAULINE. SMITH. .
WeUsboro, April 13,1864-^tr 1 . - - - *
I hive started a Millinery Shop “at Mainsbnrg, to
which X invite (he attention of people in that section
of the county;. It will be under the'management of
Miss Ellen Green. *«.*-•
COWANESQEE HOUSE.
House w2t{ch : has been open for’ convenience
of the traveling public for a number of years,
has lately been newly furnished throughout and fitted
up in as good style as can be found-ln-any country or
city Hotel. The Proprietor "does not heaitateln say
ing (hat there will be no pains spared to add to the
comfort of bis guests, and make it a home for them.
The best oT'ilabling for**teams; and a good Hostler
always in attendance, all of which can be foui\d
one mile cast of Knoxville, Pn.
M. V. PURPLE, Proprietor.
Deerfield, May 25, 1§64.-ly.
Eobbod froni the Safe of the TiojjaCo. Bank.
ON Wednesday night, May 23,1864, the following
described bonds and notes : . .
1 U. S-5-20-coupon bond, 4th aeries, letter F, No.
14,719, for $5OO.
3 U. S. 0-20 coupon bonds, 4th series, letter C,Kos.
30,180.81-82, each $5OO.
17 U. S. 5-20 coupon bonds, 4lh scries, letter F,
Nos. 73,879 to 73.895, each $lOO.
14 U. S. 5-20 coupon bonds. 4th series, letter M,
Nos. 19,824 to 19,837, bich SSQ. . ...
3 TJ. S. 5-20 coupon bonds, 3J series, letter A,-Hos.
5,804-5-6, each $lOOO.
4 TJ. S. 5-20 coupon bonds, 83 series,letter A, Nos.
3,050-51-52-53, each $5OO. '
-Tioga County Bank notes, old issue, S's/lO’a and
20's —$5,000. Signed by former officers of the bank,
ail punched through centre of vignette, and bod been
retired for three.years,; No other notes of this hank
bad ever been punched. The public are hereby cau
tioned against purchasing or taking-any of the said
bands and notes. - ■ A.' S. TURNER, - -.
-■Tioga-May 2S, 1864. -- '- Cashier.'"
"i ’ - -n
- -Executor’s Notice.
LETTERS testamentary having’ been, granted to
.thcgabseribgr ,oa..ths,.eatate cfEhilacder-Bakerj
late qf SaUivan.totnisbip, deo’d, notice is hereby given
to tboae indebted to. pmke.iminediate payment, and
thoselkTing claiina to present.them properly antbenfe
catedfer-settlenieotto-- ——HBSB i-B. - CARD,- ~—
’ Jtme 22,1864-6t* .i-. 2: : -£itmtiriVJ
t : 220X8 f/Jud r-TXOS
Scjpoteiy.to. tbe mxUmtm of Xfyt Uvm of JWhom sno tbt Spread of ©ealtbs Hefotm.
WHILE-THERE SHALL BE A WRONG UNRIGHTED, AND UNTIL “MAN'S INHUMANITY ,10 MAN" SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE.
WELLSBORO. TIOGA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 24, 1864.
WHOLESALE -
FOR
REMOVAL.
RO'T-AT
©rifltwar jlortrs;
BEAH/HJM HO MH tfEHDBEIiX,
Bear him home tenderly, noble and brave,
He fought for his conn try;hbr Yianners to save I
Where the cannon boomed [loudest .there flashed his
true rword/ ~
And never,faltered lubeiC cheered on by his
* word’. 1
Bear him homo'tenderly; eay that-hq fell _
'Neath'tbdStars'andtheStripcs'tifatHe lovfed go Well;
Wo u n dandb I ceding fccndho field,: -•-■
lire voice that still whispered, “ Boys.sever yield I*’ ,
■Bear Him boine” tenderly, letitbe sad tear,
Fall cow in silence on a comrade's low bier.
No kind friend bent 'when - death hover'd
nigh; ,- ... •
No fond -mother wag there to catch his last sigh.
Bear him borne tenderly, loved ones will sigh
To eco tbe cold form and closed, sightless eye;
But speak words of comfort,to cheer the. sad heart,
And to'the fond mourner wsrds.of oojnforj impart. ■
Bear him home tenderly, our sad work is o’er;
The sword he loted well he shall never wield, more;
He died a true Christian—brave to the last, • ■
O’er death’s foaming billows-his spirit has passed.
. - Aggie Axvord,'
©jo x vt sp on tfe nc t.
Latham, Col. Ter., July 2a, 1864.
Friend Cobb: Once more I seat myself in
this far-western land-to-give you a brief skjetch
of a recent-trip from Latham up in. the Rjicky
Mountains, those glorious-old, hills, the name
of which are ss familiar as household words.'
I left here in the evening oh the Overland
Stage, and after crossing the South Platte with
the mails and passengers in a skiff and travel
ing eight miles reached the Cache ia Poudre
rriver, one of the most beautiful, clear, gravel
'bottom streams in the whole'western country.
This stream was fordable, and in this valley the
.Overland Stage travels until it reaches Laporte;
where it strikes the mountains abd leaves this
stream and passes along the Cherokoe-trail and
through the Black Hills,"whioh 4 is described as
being the finest scenery on the whole'Overland
line.
The country between Latham and the monn
.trins is nearly all flat prairie, very sandy, in
>ome places rolling, but no timber, save at 5m
tervals along the river where you find, occasion
ally a small belt of cottonwood. ' But -little of
the land is fit for farming without .irrigating,
yet there are along the hank oPthe stream a
few good bay fields,..which-is the only show
this season for the farmers to make any money,
the wbole donhtry having been, inundated and
nearly all the ersps in Colorado completely de
stroyed. ' - , j .. -•—
Taking an breakfast at Laporte and
getting three jolly [buys (one of .whom had
been all through the mountains and .was our
guide) we each got a pony .and some provisions
and started for the .mountains/ fording the
Cache la Ptmdre about.twa miles from thetown
and then traveling up a deep, gulch forj, few
miles till we.,came to wbere-tho bluffs were
almost perpendicular, arid every mountain-com-;'
pletely covered with pine. To me the pine trees
looked rather, odd were the first ! have
seen since leaving Pennsylvania; nearly throe
.years and a.half ago;’-The-scenery -along this
gnlch was indeed: very' beautiful; the rocks on
cither side extending thousands of feeTabove
and looking,perfectly grand.but awful.’.v I have
crossed the plains from the Missouri river to
Denver a dozen times, but this is my first trip,
into the mountains and the pleasantest : of any
I have ever yct;token. . r , ' r
Reaching the head of the gulch we .qil had,
'to dismount and go through with Unhazardous
undertaking of ascending the mountains, our
ponies following in the rear. The summit of,
.the first sleep mountain after, several, hours,of
'hard scratching,was at.last successfully reached,-
but not without the most on ceasing! efforts in
bur behalf. We had to climb over recks,'dead"
pine trees, np almost perpendicular cliffs,'bnd
at last succeeded in 'reaching, by a rough and
rugged.roadj whati-Dat-first snpposed was iil
most impassable To- mortal- mah. '.Hero rye'
were about two thousand feet- abovb the place;
we started from, and taking a powerful field'
glass which I carried, Tbnd a most deligbtfnj.
view of the country for miles in every direc- -
tion. I could lookklown in,-among the Black.
Hills and seo the Cherokee trail—follow the;
sparkling waters-of-the Cache la Pondre where:
it meanders down through the mountains and
'away tiff: .on-the' prairie as far as my glass
.wonld carry—every bill)covered with a heavy
growth of pine and spruce—and the ' largest'
rocks thfft Itfiink can be found in the world.
After Bitting a while under the broad-branch
es of- a.'huge shade tree and'resting our weary
limbs, we hud ; to’ ascend another mountain
still higher than that the top of which wd had
just reached. The aun. was now at meridian
height, and; the heat from its scorching rays’
was almost suffocating, as there was hardly ahy
- air in circulation, hot after three hours -of -toil
ing we.at Jast gained .the summit, and picket-'
ing out our stock and resting a little , we oom
-menced’prospectingin a “lead” that been
(Esco.vered last April, pod which had been pro
nouncedly some, very i;ich in silver. * Wei had
no tools to do any work but succeeded in break
ing off a few specimens of quartz, yet nothing
but hard labor and experience will tell what it
amounts to. , -
-- My trip was one taken more for pleasure
than to prospect for ike, shining metal, but
while up on that lofty peakmany : thousand
feet above Laporte,.! concluded if there was
anything in the "“lead,” that would pay to
have a sight.' *’ •
~ At about four o’clock we commenced to de
scend the mountains, and finding a nice patch
of delicious strawberries wo. all had a good
feast, and soon we found a beautiful; springof
ice cold-water.and sat down and ate our din
ner, which consisted, of crackers and sardines.
It will be.ijeedless forme-1? mention that ail of
us were as -hungry as wolves, and’ the way we
poked those sardines-and crackers, into bar
months whs prodigious.' 'lf"is a'very
matter to gain an appitjte after .ascending and
a high roonotain, end l am thor
oughly “Convinced that 1 got more exercise in
this trip than in any I have taken for a long
' 1 • /\ ■ I ' M■Tl ;
'-A- JL. J-w®
We reached Laporto at dark, all very tire'd
and'willing- to go on another journey of the
kind whenever convenient. From what I have
seen ! do, not know of any : place so beautiful
and pleasant tolive in as the Rocky Mountains
in tho summer season. ’ The streams are fail
of speckled treat, the sweetest and purest wa
ter in the world gushes ont of the rocks On
eychy side, the-'hills are full of wild game, such'
as deer, anteldpe,.eik, mountain sheep,- grouse,
&e.,;and a per§on can live like a prince.
No pen can, picture the beautiful and lovely
scenery of tbe'ge'mduntain landscapes as viewed
oh a'clerir,-aammer day. No matter howwarm;
be seen on the top of the high peaks,
■uncnHie Snowy Range is indeed beautiful to
look at on a hot day. There are; many places
in the mountains where a person can sit on.a
snow drift and pick strawberries. This may
look a little'strange to many; but in five feet
from high snow banks, the grass in- many pla
ces is fall and green. I can .look from my win
dow and see Long’s Peak, the top of which is
about 75 miles distant and perfectly white with
snow; and as visible to the naked eye as if it
were not more than a quarter of anile distant.
The Indian excitement on-the plains this
season la very high, owing to. the depredations
committed .by the miserable, worthless, thieving',
red skins. Hardly a day passes, but that the
news cones of emigrants being murdered and
their stock stolen, though but little has, as yet,
been done to the stage 'stock or anything belong
ing to the Overland Stage Line, though no one
can-tell at what moment the treacherous dev
ils may clear out every thing in the .valley of
the! Platte Port, Kearney and Denver.
The weather here now is extremely hot, and
.but little tain'has fallen for several weeks. A
good deal of freighting is being carried bn be
tween the Missouri river and Denver, and the
freighters are making a good thing.
Provisioas are now selling at a high figure,
out here. Flour $l7 per sack 'and on the rise;
everything else in proportion. P. A. R. .
Gentlemen : I have called you together in
advance of your adjourned session, for the pur
pose of taking some action for the defence of
the State, From the commencement of the re
bellion, Pennsylvania has done her whole duty
to the Government. Lying as her southern
counties do, in the immediate vicinity of the
border, arid thus exposed to sudden invasion, a
selfish policy would have led her to retain a
sufficient part of her militaryforce for herown
defence. In so doing, she wonld have failedlin.
her duty to the whole country. Nptonly wa’d
her men have been withheld from the field of
general operations, but the loans and taxation
which- would have become necessary, would
have to a large extent, diminished the ability
of her people-to .comply with the pecuniary de
mands of the United States. She would also
have necessarily interfered with.nnd,hampered
all the"military action'of the Government, and'
made herself, to some extent, ’responsible’ for
apy.failnres and shortcomings -that may have 1
occurred. In pursuance of the policy thus,de
liberately adopted,.this State has.steadily de-' :
voted her men to the general service. Fpom
ihe beginriirig she has always been among the
first to respond to the calls of tbo United States
as shown' by"Bef' history from the three
month* men and the Reserve Corps, to the.'pres
ent moment. Thus faithfully fulfilling all her
own obligations, she .has a right .to be.defended
by the national forces, as part of the common
country. ' Any other view would bo absurd
;und unjust/ L She, of course,'cannot complain
whemsha suffers by- the necessary contingen
cies of war. The reflections .that have, jn too
many quarters been made upon the people of
her southern border, are most unfounded. They
were' in 1862, when d. Union army
much superior to an^ 1 force Of the rebels, fond
l On whicM they of cSurao "had a “right to rely)
.wasJyingiD'their immediate vreinicybnd north
Of the, Pdtomac. ; They were again invaded in
1803, after the defeat ofthe-Union.forces under
Milroy, at .Winchester, and they have again
suffered in 1864, after the defeat of the Union
forces under Crook and AveriU.' How could
an agricultural people in an open country be
expectcd.'to rise suddenly and beat back hostile
forces which had defeated organized veteran at
mies.of the Government?,
It Is of course expected.that the inhabitants
of an invaded country will do’what is in their
power to resist the invaders, and the facts Here
inafter stated will show, I think,-tbat the peo
ple of those counties: have, not failed in this
duty... If Pennsylvania, by, reason of-her geo
graphical position, required to be defended by
the-national forces, it has only been against the
common enemy, fit has never been necessary
to weaken the army in the-field by sending,
he ivy detachments of. veterans, to save her.cit
ies from being’ devastated by small bands of
ruffians, composed of their own inhabitants.
■Nor have her-people been disposed to sneer at
the great mtfsaes of law-abiding citizens in any
other Stateyvho have required such protection.
Yet when a brutal enemy, pursuing a defeated
body of Union troops, crosses our border and
burns a defenceless town, this horrid barbarity
instead of-firing the hearts of oil the people of
our common country, ig actually, in some quar
ters, made the occasion of mock and gibes at
the unfortunate sufferers, thousands of whom
have been rendered houseless, i And these
heartless scoffs proceed from the very men who,
when the State authorities,‘foreseeing the dan
ger, were taking precautionary measures, ridi
culed the idea of there being any danger,
sneered at the exertions to prepare to" meet it,
and succeeded to some extent, in thwarting
•their efforts to raise forces. These men are
themselves morally responsible for the calamity
over which they now chuckle and rub their
.bands. , -
:: It might have been hoped—nay, we had a
right to expect—that the people of the loyal
States engaged in a common effort to preserve
their Government and .all that is dear to free
men, wouhthave forgotten, at least r fortha time
their wretched local -jealousies; and sympathiz
edwith ajltheit loyal fellow citizens, wherever
resident witain the- of AW; common
imttfcal;
GOVEKNOIt’S MESSAGE.
country.' 'll should be~remembered'fbat the
priginal source of the present rebellion .was in
Su ciujealousies*. encourage d. foi-wieked -pu t ppv
ses by unscrupulous politicians. The men who
for any purpose oontinue to encourage them,
ought to be held as public enemies—enemies of
our Union and our peace, and should be treat
ed as such. Common feelings^-common “sym
pathies—are the necessary'foundations of a
Common, free. Government. '
‘ I am-prbod to say.that the people of Penn
sjlvania.feel'every, blow at any of her , sister
States a? an assault upon themselves, and give
to them all that hearty good will, the express
ion of which is sometimes more important un
der the infliction ol calamity than mereTEinte
rial aid.
‘ If is unnecessary to refer to the approach of
the rebel army up the Shenandoah Talley on
the “third' day'.of. July last—to the defeat of
Gen. 'Wallace on iheMonocacy, their approach
to and the threatening of the Capital, or to
their destruction of property and pillage of the
counties 'of Maryland lying on the border.—
These events have passed into history, and the
responsibilities will be settled by the judgment
of the people, ",
At that time, a call was made npon' Penn
sylvania for volunteers to be mustered into the
service of the .United States anefto serve for
one hundred days in the States, of Pennsylva
nia and. Maryland and at Washington and its
vicinity. Notwithstanding the embarassments
which complicated the orders for their organi
zation and muster, six regiments were enlisted
and organized and a battalion of six compa
nies. The regiments were withdrawn from the
State, the last leaving the 29th day of July.
■ I desire that at least part of this force' shn’d
be confined in their service to the States of
Pennsylvania and Maryland, .and made such
an application to the War Department, as the
proposition did not meet' their approbation it
Was rejected, and the general order changed to
include the States named and Washington and
its vicinity.
No part of the rebel army at that time had
come within the borders of the State. The
people of the border counties Were warned and
removed their stock, and at Chambershurg and
York were organized and armed for their own
protection. I was not officially informed of the
movements of the Federal armies, and of
course not of the strategy of their command
ers, hut it was stated in the newspapers that
the rebel army was closely phrsned after it had
crossed tbo Potomac and was retiring np the
Valley of the Shenandoah. Repeated success
pf our troops was also announced, and the peo
ple of . this State, had just cause to believe that
.quite sufficient Federal force had'been thrown
Forward for its protection upon the line of the
Potomac.
On the 29th of July, the rebel brigades of
Johnston and McCsnshind, consisting of from
2,500.t0 3,000 mounted men, with six guns,
crossed the Potomao at Clear Spring Ford.—
They commenced crossing at 10 o’clock, a. m.,
and marched.directly on Mercersburg. There
wero but 45 men picketed in that direction, un
.der the command of Lient. McLean, U. S. A.
and.as the enemy, succeeded in catting the tel
egraph communication, which from that point
had-to pass west by way of Bedford, no infor
mation could be sent to Gen. Couch by tele-,
graph, who was then at Chambershurg. The
head of this eolumrtTeached Chambershurg at
3 o’clock, a.!m.,- onSaturday, tha 30lh. ;• ' '
The rebel brigades of . Vaughn and Jackson,
numbering about 3,000 mounted men, crossed
the Potomac at .about the same time, at, or
near Williamsport—part of the command ad
vanced on Hagerstown—the main body moved
on the road leading from William Sport to
Greonoaetlc. Another rebel column of infant
ry and artillery crossed the Potomac simultan
eously at Sbeppardstown, and moved towards
Leitersburg. Gen. Averill, who commanded
a force redneed’to about 2,600 men, was at
Hagerstown; "and being threatened in front by
Vaughn and Jackson, on his right by MoCans
land.nnd Johnson, who also:threatened his
rear, and, on his left by the columns which
crossed at feheppardstown, he therefore fell
back upon Qreencastle.
Gen. Averill, it is understood, was under
the orders of Gen. Hhnnter, but was kept as-'
fully-advised by-Gen. Conch as was possible.
Of the enemy’s movements on his right and to
Ins rear. Gen. Coach was in. Cbambersbnrg,
where his entire force consisted of GO infantry,
45 cavalry, and a section of a battery of ar
tillery, in nil, less than 150 men. The sis
companies o'f men enlisted for one hundred
days remaining in the State, and two compa
nies of .cavalry had, under, orders from Wash
ington, am officially informed,) Joined
Gen. -Averijl. The town of Chambersburg
was held until' day light, by the small force
under Gen. Couch, during whi’cfJ time the Gov
ernment stores-and'train were) saved. Two
batteries-wera then planted by the enemy com
manding the town, and it was invested by the
whole command of Johnson and M-’Causland.
At 7 o’clock, A. M., sis companies of dis
mounted men, commanded by Sweeny, entered
the town, followed by mounted men under
Gilmore. The main force was in line of bat-,
tic— a demand was made for 100,000 dollars
in gold, or ; 500,000 dollars in Government
funds, as ransom, and a number of citizens
were arrested and held as hostages for its pay
ment. No- offer of money was made by the’
citizens of the town, and even if they had any
intention of paying a ransom, no time was al
lowed, as the rebels commenced immediately
'to burn and pillage the town, disregarding
the appeals of women and children, the aged
and infirm, and even the bodies of the dead
were not protected from their brutality. It
would have been vain for-all the citizens of
the town, if armed, to have attempted, in con
nection with Gen. Couch’s small force to de
fend it. Gen. Coueh withdrew his command,
nnd did not himself leave until the enemy
..Were actually, in the town. Gen. Averill’e
command being within nine, miles of Cham
berabnrg, it was hoped, would arrive in time to
save the town, and efforts wore made daring
the night to communicate with biro. In the
mean time, the smalt fhrce of Gen. Couch held
the enemy at bay.' Gen. "Averill marched on
Chainberairßigt bqt dld aot wriW anti! after
Rates of Advertising.
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Posters, Handbills, Bill-Heads, Letter-Heads, and
ail hinds of Jobbing dope in country establishments,
executed neatly and protnptiy. Jastices", Constable's
and other BLANKS, constantly on band.
m i
the town was burned and the enemy bad're
tired. He pursned and overtook them at Mi-
ConneJlsburg, in Fnlton county, in time to
save that place from pillage and destruction.—
He promptly engaged and defeated them 'dri
ving them to Hancock and across the Potomac.
I commend the houseless and rained people
of Chamhersharg to the the liberal benevolence
of the Legislature, and suggest that a suitable
appropriation be made fur their relief. Sim
ilar charity has been heretofore exercised in
the case of an accidental and destructive' fire
at Pittsburg, and I cannot doubt the disposi
tion of the Legislature on the present occasion.
On the fifth day of ’this month a large rebel
army was in Maryland and at various point*
on the Potomac as far west as New Creek,
and as there was no adequate force within' the
State, I deemed it my duty on that day to call
for Thirty Thousand Tolnnteer Militia, for do
mestic protection. They will be armed, trans
ported and supplied by the United States, bat,
as no provision is made for their payment, it
will be necessary, should you approve my ac
tion, to make an appropriation for that pur
pose.-
In each of the three years, 1862,1863 and
■ 1864, it has been found necessary to call the
State militia for the defence of the State, and
this has been done with the assent and assist
ance of the General Government. From the
want of organization, we have been obliged to
rely exclusively on the volunteer militia, and
with few exceptions to organize them anew for
each occasion. This has caused confusion and
a loss of valuable time, and has resulted in
sending to the field bodies of men in a great
measure undisciplined. The militia bill passed
'at the last session is I think for ordinary times
' the best militia law we have ever had ; but
under the existing extroordinary circumstances
it seems to require modifications. I suggest
that the assessors be directed to make art im
mediate enrolment, classifying the militia as
may be thought best; that the officers be ap
pointed by the Governor, on the recommend
ation, approved by him, of a bciard of examin
ation, composed of three Major Generals for
each division, of whom the Major General of
the division shall be one, the other two to be
designated by the Governor, from adjoining di
visions, or in such other mode as the Legisla
ture may think fit; that in all cases thp offi
cers shall be selected by preference from offi
cers and men who have been in service, and
shall have been honorably discharged by ths
United Staths, and that effectual provision be
mode for drafting the militia when required.
The recommendation in regard to appointments
is made to avoid the angry dissensions, and,
too often, political jealousies which divide
military organizations by the election of offi
cers, and to secure the services of the most
deserving and competent men.
The election of officers in the volunteer for
ces in the field has been found to be injuri
ous to the service, while promotions by sen
iority, and appointments of meritorious pri
vates ha* produced barmijny and stimulated to
faithfulness. -In the enlistment of new Organ
izations the plan adopted of granting author
ity to officers to recruit companies has., been
found to be the best policy, I algo recommend
that .the Governor be authorized to form (ei
ther by the acceptance of volunteers or; by
draft in such parts of the State aa be may deem,
expedient) a special corps of militia to consist
in due proportion of Cavalry, Artillery, and
Infantry, to be kept up to the full number of
fifteen regiments to be styled ’■ Minute meu,”
who shall be sworn and mustered into the State
for three years—who shall assemble for drill
at such times and placed aa he may direct, who
shall be clothed, armed and equipped by the
State, and paid when assembled to drill or,
called into immediate service, and who shall
at all times he liable to be called into immedi
ate service for the defence of the State,inde
pendently of the remainder of the militia. .
As this force would be subject to sodden
calls,-thc'larger part of it, should be organized
in the counties lying on onr extreme.border,
and as the people of these counties hare more
personal interest in their protection, there com
mendation is made to anthorize the Governor
to designate the parts of the State in which it
should be raised and to save the time and ex
pense of transporting troops from remote parts
of the State and the subsistence and pay in
going to and fro from the border.
A body of men so organised, will, it is be
lieved, he effective to prevent raids and incur
sions. The expenses of clothing, arming and,
equipping such a force cannot be eorreetljr.as- .
certained, but the Quartermaster General has
been directed to make approximate.estimates
for your information, which will be independ
ent of pay and subsistence.
The State should provide at least six four?
gun batteries -of field artillery with all the’
modern improvements.
The suggestion has been frequently made by
unreflecting persona that the State should raise
a force and keep it permanently in the field for
her defence. Apart from other considerations,
it is to be observed' that the expense of such a
measure would be quite beyond the present
ability of the State.
To raise and maintain an army of fifteen
regiments would involve an annual expends
tore of more than fifteen millions of dollars,
and any smaller force would be inadequate.
The plan which 1 have above proposed would,
I think, give to the State efficient protection,
and if the Legislature should think fit to. adopt
it the espouse can be readily provided for by
loan or otherwise.
Having an organized force under the con
trol of the authorities of the State, and mas
tered into service for domestic protection, we
would not, as heretofore, lose time in arrang
ing for transportation and supplies with the
National Government, when it became neces
sary to call it into the field. When thorough
ly organized, it should be in ail its.appoint:
menfs an army which could he increased by
draft made from our enrolled and classified eit
izens. - -
In accordance with the act of Ma> 4,1864,
I have appointed for the Eastern Armies QoL
F. Jordan as Agent at Washington, and liaut.
Col. James GilUJand as Assistant Agept at that
place; and also for the Sduiih'WWArtilrt'